Study o n growth, development and yield of hybrid waxy c o m varieties In Hanoi
Le Quy Tuong. Le Quang Hoa. Nguyen Thi Bich Ngan Six new hybrid ivaxy corn varieties were basically tested for growth, development; the experiments were arranged in completely randomized block (CRB) with 3 rephcalions in Winter of 2018 and Spring of 2019 in Hanoi. Two promising hybrid waxy corn varieties were irutially selected includmg N'inh Xgoe 9 variet)' wth growth duration of 97 days in Spring and 101 days in Winter; the har\'esting time of green matured ears for 79 days in Spring and 85 days in Winter; the yield reached 39.74 - 52.19 quintals/ha of dry grain and of fresh corn ears was 94.61 - 103.61 quintals/ha; fresh eating quality was good, similar to HNSS; less infected by stem borers (point 1), mild infection with sheath disease blight (6.3 - 18.3%), large leaf spot disease (point 1); anti lodging, drought and cold.
Keywords: Hybrid waxy corn varieties, short growing, high j-ield, qualit)' Ngay nhan bai: 13/4/2020
Ngay phan bien: 25/4/2020
NgUdi phan bien: TS. VUdng Huy Mmh Ngdy duyet ddng: 29/4/2020
D A N H G I A K H A N A N G KET HOP CUA MOT SO D O N G NGO CO THCJl GIAN
SINH TRUCfNG NGAN TRONG CAC THCJl VU KHAC NHAU NAM 2019
Vu Hoai Son' T 6 M TAT
Ddnh gia kha nang ket hpp cua 9 ddng ngd thuan co thdi gian sinh trUdng ngan qua he thdng lai Diallen phUdng phiip 4 cua B. Griffing d 2 thdi vu Xuan va Thu Ddng nam 2019. Kel qua cho thay cd 6 id hdp lai cd nang suat cao va thdi gian sinh IrUdng ngan hdn LVN99 (gidng doi chflng); To hpp lai so 4. 8, va 10 dupe danh gia lot trong thi nghiem lai Diallen d ca 2 thdi vy, thdi gian sinh trUdng ngan hdn 6-10 ngay. Ddng Si va S4 cd khd nang ket hop chung va neng cao, cd the sd dung lam vat lieu tao gidng lai.
Tfl khda: Kha ndng kel hpp. Iai luan phien. ddng ngd ngan ngay I. DAT VAN DE
Ngd Id cay trong cd vai trd quan trpng trong sdn xuat lUdng thUc the gidi. Trdng chUdng trinh nghien cflu khoa hpc ddi vdi cdy ngd hien nay d nhieu qude gia dang phdt trien van coi trpng chpn tao nhflng gidng ngd lai vdi tiem ndng suat eao, pham chat tdt va nhflng dac tinh ndng hpc mong mudn khde. Mpl trong nhdng dae tinh quy eua ngd Id tinh chin sdm.
Gidng chin sdm trong san suat ndng nghiep cd y nghia dac biet quan trpng nham giai quyet van de tang vu, hoac sap xep lai cd cau mfla vu hdp ly. Mat khac, gidng ehfn sdm cdn cd the ne dddc nhflng rui ro do thien tai, bien ddng thdi tiet, khi hau bat Ipi gay ra (Phan Thi Vdn, 2006).
Giai doan 2015 - 2019 cay ngd phdi ddi mat vdi nhieu thdeh thflc va khd khan do tinh hinh san xuat ngd trong ndde tiep tuc suy gidm ca ve dien tich cung nhd nhu cau tieu thu gidng ngd. Dien tich sdn xuat ngd ca nfldc ndm 2015 Id 1.164,8 nghin ha.
den nam 2019 cdn 990,9 nghin ha (theo sd lieu eua Tdng cue Thdng ke 2017, 2018). Ngoai ra, do tac ddng cua bien ddi khi hau da anh hudng rat Idn den san xuat ngd trong nUdc, eay Ngd khdng edn dupe xac dinh Id eay trdng chinh. Mat khac. San pham bd gidng tao ra chfla du manh de canh tranh dfldc vdi edng ty nfldc ngodi; Chfla bdt kip vdi thi trUdng va sU bien doi cua khi hau. Sfl han hep ve vdn va sU thay ddi lien tuc cua cd che chinh sach, van ban phap luat cua Nha nUde da anh hUdng khdng it tdi cdng tdc nghien cflu khoa hpc eua Vien nghien cflu Ngd trong thdi gian qua.
Nghien cflu tinh chin sdm vd khd nang ehiu ban d cay trdng ndi chung, edy ngd ndi rieng la mdt van de phdc tap, phu thude vao eO che sinh ly, sinh hda, ban chat di truyen va dieu kien sinh thai mdi trudng. Day la edng viec khd khan ddi hdi cac nhd chpn gidng dau tfl nhan lUe, tri lUc vd kinh phi vdo nghien cdu nhdm tim ra cd sd ban chat di truyen cua tinh chin sdm vd khd ndng chju han nhdm phuc ' \'ien Nghien edu Ngd
".e .\c
\'y eho edng tac chon tao gidng ngd lai ngan ngay, chju ban dap dng cho san xuaL Khd ndng ket hpp eua C.XC ddng ngd thudng dupe ddnh gia bang khd ndng cho nang suat eao eua eon lai d ede thdi vu khde nhau. Danh gid khd nang kel hpp bdng phUong phdp lai ludn phien da dUdc B.Griffing phat trien va hddn thien nam 1956 iNgd Hflu Tinh, Nguven Dinh Hien. 1996).
II. \.AT LIEU \ A PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU 2.1. Vat lieu nghien cdu
\'at lieu nghien cflu: Gdm 9 ddng (ddi tu phdi td S8 den Si2) vd 36 td hpp lai tham gia thi nghiem va 01 gidng ddi ehdng Id L\'>199 (gidng ngd Iai ed thdi gian smh trddng ngan dang dUde trdng pho bien hien nay).
2.2. PhUdng phdp nghien cdu
- Thi nghiem dUpe bd tri theo khdi ngau nhien vdi 4 lan nhdc Canh tac theo quy trinh cua \"ien Nghien cdu Ngd. theo ddi ede ehi tieu theo hddng dan efla QCVN 01-56:2011/BNNPTNT
Thi nghiem ddnh gid eac ddng va THL dupe bd tri theo khdi ngau nhien hoan chinh (RCBD).
3 lan nhae lai. Mdi edng thflc dddc gieo 2 hang, moi hang ddi 5 m. khodng each 70 x 25 em, 1 cdy/hdc va theo doi cae ehi tieu theo hudng dan efla QC\'N 01-56:2011/BNXPTNT).
- Sd lieu dflpc xd ly thdng ke tren Microsoft Excel 2016 vd phan tich AN'ON'A bdng phan mem IRRISTAT version 5.0.
2.3. Thdi gian va dia diem nghien cd'u Thi nghiem ddde lien hanh d vu Xudn vz vu Thu Ddng nam 2019 lai \'ien Nghien edu Ngd - Dan Phupng, Hd Ndi.
III. KET QUA VA THAO LU.AN
3.1. Dac diem hinh thai va nang suat cua cac dong vd cac to hdp Iai tham gia thi nghiem
Qua sd Ueu (bang 1 vd bang 2) eho thay: Cf cdc thdi Ml khde nhau do co sU tfldng tae gida cae genot)"pe va mdi trddng ma hau het ede td hdp lai cd ede linh trang khde nhau. Nhin chung tat ed cac ehi tieu ve hinh thdi eung nhd ve ndng suat cua \'u Xuan bao gid eung the hien lot hon vu Thu Ddng.
3.1.1. Chieu cao cdy
Tat ed eac td hdp lai deu chd du the lai chieu ead cdv \'Udl trdi sd vdi trung binh cua cac bd m? nhfl d vu Xudn id 28%, ™ Thu Ddng la 26.1%. \ e thdi gian sinh trUdng, vu Xuan ddi hdn vu Thu Ddng tfl 2 den 5 ngdy (Bdng 2) do tdng tich dn vd thdi gian ehieu sang d tflng thdi vu la khdng nhfl nhau. Vu Xudn giai doan tfl gieo den tro cd la 72 - 78 ngdy vd
\-u Thu Ddng Id td 48 - 54 ngay NgUpe lai giai doan giai doan sau trd den chin d vu Xudn ngdn cdn d vu Thu Ddng ddi dan den thdi gian sinh trfldng eua 2 vu chenh leeh nhau khdng dang kc nhUng nang sudt cua vu Xuan thUdng eao hdn hdn vu Thu Ddng.
Dieu nav dUpe gidi thieh do \ai Xudn giai doan sinh thue, nhiet dp. am dp cao, thdi gian chieu sang ngay dai hdn tao dieu kien eho eay tich luy chat khd tdt hdn.
Bang 1. Mdt sd dac diem hinh thai cac ngudn ddng d vu Xuan va vu Thu Ddng 2019 Thdi gian sinh trUdng (ngay)
Chieu eao eay (cm) Nang suat (ta/ha' Ten
d o n g
SI S2 ,^3 S4 S5 S6 S7 SS S9
G i e o - Xudn 2019 76 74
".S SO 76 7.S 76 74 61
Tung p h a n ThuDong 2019
52 50 54 61 52 55 51 50 79
Gieo Xudn 2019 U S 112 120 120 115 115 112 112 112
- chin ThuDong
2019 110 105 115 117 110 112 105 104 106
Xudn 2019 102,5 118,5 134 132 134.5 115.5 117,4 118,1 122,1
" . " 7 v . ' " / ThuDong
2019 97,6 121,0 113,2 114 124,5 97,4 99,8 99.1 115,7
Xudn 2019 31,52 20,72 22,10 28.6 29.9 20,3 20,2 19.4 19,7
ThuDong 2019 27,95 17,60 20,30 23,6 26,7 17,8 18,7 18.8 18,7 Sgiidn: Bo nuvi Tao giong, Vien nghien ciiu Ngo (2019).
3.1.2. Ndngsudt
V'u the lai ve nang suat trong ca hpp lai deu
vu eua cac to hon so vdi trung binh cua bd me.
\'u Xuan nam 2019, nang sual cua hau het cac td hdp lai trong thi nghiem deu vUdl ddi chdng LVN99 tru to hpp lai sd 14. Vu Thu Ddng 2019 cd 8 to hpp 100
Tap chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nong nghiep Viet Nam -$64(113)/2020 Iai dat ndng suat cao vdpt ddi chflng trong dd flu the trfldng ngdn hdn 6 - 10 ngay, vi the ed the keo dai lai chuan ve ndng suat (Hs) cua td hdp lai sd 4 vd 8 thdi vu trdng vu Ddng tren chan dat 2 Ifla.
vdpt ddi chdng la 14,35% vd 13,71%. thdi gian sinh
Bang 2. Mpl sd dae diem hinh thai va nang suit eae td hdp Iai d\ai Xudn \'d \'u Thu Ddng 2019
T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 LVN99(d/c)
LSD„,
To h o p lai
S 1 « S 2 S i x S3 SI .. S4 S 1 . . S 5 SI »S6 S 1 « S 7 SI xS8 SI «S9 S 2 . . S 3 S 2 . . S 4 S 2 . . S 5 S 2 x S 6 S 2 x S 7 5 2 x 8 8 S 2 x S 9 S 3 x S 4 S 3 x S 5 S3 X S6 S 3 x S 7 S3 X SS S3 X S9 S 4 x S 5 S 4 x S 6 S 4 x S 7 S 4 x S 8 S 4 x S 9 S 5 x S 6 S 5 » S 7 S 5 x S 8 S 5 x S 9 S 6 x S 7 S 6 x S 8 S 6 x S 9 S 7 x S 8 S 7 x S 9 S 8 x S 9
ChiSu
i
Xudn 2019 148,4 153,0 152,3 158,1 158,4 149,5 142,1 167,0 157.4 148.5 153,2 157,4 142,4 136,4 165,5 145,5 154,1 154,9 147,5 154,0 175,8 163,4 153,1 160.6 1.56,5 179,4 164,3 159,6 163,9 186,6 158,5 151,8 180,1 137,7 173,0 167,8 181,6
cao cay :ni)
Thu Dong 2019 128,4 136,7 132,7 145,6 138,3 134,1 136.4 152.3 147,2 137,1 146,1 147,3 135,0 126,8 159,2 132,S 142.9 140.9 132,0 148,3 156,7 152,3 148,7 148,3 156,5 165,6 148,2 137,5 144,8 164,8 136,6 137,2 159.7 135.8 160,6 154,3 152,3
T h d i gian sinh Gieo-
Xudn 2019 74 77 77 74 76 74 74 78 74 76 74 74 74 75 75 78 78 74 76 76 78 76 74 74 78 78 76 74 74 78 74 72 74 72 76 73 80
Tungphan Thu Dong
2019 48 54 52 52 54 50 50 54 52 54 54 54 50 50 54 56 56 54 52 54 56 48 50 54 54 58 52 52 50 52 50 50 54 48 50 48 60
t n i d n g (ngay) Gieo Xudn 2019 114 118 118 114 114 112 112 112 114 114 112 112 112 112 112 l i s 116 116 116 116 114 114 116 116 114 114 114 112 110 110 112 112 112 112 110 110 122
- Chin Thu Dong
2019 112 114 114 112 112 110 110 110 113 113 111 112 110 110 110 116 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 112 112 112 112 110 110 110 110 110 110 108 108 lOS lis
N a n (ta Xudn 2019 60,51*
62,65*
62,53*
69,50*
53,73 58,01 56,07 62,44*
57,62 62,61"
51,58 58,28 47,04 42,99 51,75 56,33 59,19 50,43 55,07 54,70 57,01 64,49*
58,47 68,20*
59,99 64,73*
52,94 53,43 53,28 61,14*
47,47 51,07 48,04 46,65 51,33 54,77 51,42 6,986
; s u a t ha) Tliu Dong
2019 52,12 48,71 48,90 55,29' 43,38 45,50 54,89' 53.85' 47,34 54,25' 44,30 45,86 36,51 41,16 48,27 37,33 38,73 36,38 37,52 49,62 43,91 47,54 41,29 52,01 51,52 50,18 40,16 39,74 44,77 49,74 37,42 45,54 38,68 41,12 38,78 46,24 48,35 5,013 Nguon: Bg mdn Tao giong, Vien nghien ciiu Ngo (2019).
Ghi chu:' Ndng sudt vUdt d/c d miic tin cdy 95%.
hoj ho: ^6ng -gnt '.6ng nghiep -/.er '-.j'n - 564(1 J3)/202
3.2. G i a tri k h a n a n g k e t h p p c h u n g vd rieng c u a gia t r i khd n d n g ket hi?p r i e n g eua ede td h p p c a o t h i n g h i e m lai l u d n p h i e n d \TJ X u a n va T h u D d n g n h a t Id S i x S5, S4 ' S7. SI « S9. Gid tri k h a n d n g ket n a m 2 0 1 9 h d p c h u n g cad la S I , S4 va S9. Gui tri k h a n a n g ket
Ket q u a thi n g h i e m (Bang 3 va Bang 4) c h d thay h d p c h u n g vd r i e n g eao n h a t Id d d n g S4.
Bang 3. Gid tri kha ndng ket h p p rieng efla eae ddng
Me SI S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
' SS -1.244 _ S 9 _ _
Ngudn: Bo mdn Tao giong, Vien nghien ciiu Ngo (2019).
Bang 4. Gid Iri KNKH chung dat (62,44 t a / h a va 53.85 t a / h a , ) , va to h<Jp lai so 10 va philong sal KHKH rieng ciia cac dong (S2 x S4) niing suat dat (62,61 t a / h a va 54,25 ta/ha,) diloc d a n h gia tot t r o n g thi n g h i e m lai luan p h i e n 6 ca 2 xoi. Mpt so d o n g c o k h a n a n g ket hcfp c h u n g v i r i e n g cao, dac biet la d o n g S1 va S4.
S2 3,305
S3 -2,560 -1,662
84 -3,805 2,184 -2,205
S5 5.427 -0.S3S -2.506 2.729
86 -0.240 -2.171 -1.494 -0.638 -2,606
87 -0,601 -0,877 -0,067 6,890 -3,666 -2,499
88 0.744 -1,655 -2,977 1,845 -0,910 -3,956 -1,484
S9 4,321 -2..546 -.3.214 3,215 2,114 -2.147 -3.211
Ddng S _ .. ^ ' ' L 51 7,461 6.223 52 -2,172 2.470 53 -0,206 1,074 54 6.961 4,398 55 -3,706 1,412
56 -4,706 0,636 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
57 -1,867 1,055 Q C V N 0 1 - 5 6 : 2 0 I I / B N N P T N T Quy ehuan Ky thudt (.Q , q,T , -,Q Qude gia ve khao nghiem gia tri canh tae va sd dung
eua gidng ngd.
Ngd Hflu T i n h , Nguyen D i n h Hien, 1996. Cdc phUdng 4 . 2 . D e n g h i
D e nghi tiep tuc t h d n g h i e m cac td h d p lai trien v o n e d cac n a m sau d e cd ket ludn c h i n h xac.
S9 5,211 3,639
Nguon: Bd man Taogidng. Vu-ii nghien ciiu Ngo (2019). phdp lai thii vd phdn tich khd ndng ket hdp Irong cdc thi nghiem ve Uu the lai. Nha xuat ban Ndng nghiep.
IV. KET LUAN VA DE NGHI Ha Ndi.
Tdng cue Thdng ke, 2017. 2018. Nien gidm thong ki 2017 vd 2018.
4 . 1 . Ket l u a n
Q u a 2 vu X u a n vd Thu D d n g n a m 2019 cho thay p^^^ ^ j Van, 2006. Nghien ciiu dac tinh chiu han ciia c.\c id h d p lai F l d e u eho flu the lai eao, t r o n g dd ed ,„5( ^6 dong ngo lai ngdn ngdy cho cdc tinh trung du 3 td h d p iai e h o n d n g suat ead d ed 2 t h d i vu n h u vd mien nui phia Bac. Luan dn tien sT Ndng nghiep.
to h d p lai sd 4 (Si x S5) n d n g suat dat (69,50 t a / h a Vien Nghien c d u Ngo, 2019. Bao cdo kel qua nghien va 55,29 ta/ha,) td h p p lai sd 8 (Si ^ S9) n a n g suat cflu Bd mdn Tao gidng.
Results of evaluating the combining ability of short duration maize inbred lines in two different crop seasons
\'u Hoai Son Abstract
Combining ability o f 9 short maize inbred lines was tested by the 4'' diallel cross m e t h o d of B.Griffing in spring and winter crop season of 2019. The results showed that 6 suigie cross hybrids had high yield and growth duration shorter
TOP chiKhoa hoc Cong nghe''-.'J-p " j ^ / e r V'e: Nam -56 4(1 ' J ' , than LVN99 (cheeks) from 6 to 10 days. The single crosses 4. 8 and 10 were recorded lo be good in the diallen ero,-.,-.
experiment ui spring and winter crop season. SI and S4 lines had high general and specific combining ability and could be used for creating hybrids.
Keywords: Combining ability, diallel cross, short duration maize inbred line Ngay nhdn bai: 10/4/2020
Ngay phdn bien: 22/4/2020
Ngddi phan bien: TS. Dao Ngoc Anh Ngdy duyet ddng: 29/4/2020
D A N H G I A K H A N A N G S I N H TRLfdNG, PHAT TRIEN VA NANG SUAT
CUA MOT SO GIONG DAU XANH M O I CHON TAO TAI THANH H O A
Nguyen Thanh Tuan', Ngu\en \'.in Loc', Pham Tin Xiian' TOM TAT
Nghien cflu tien hdnh danh gia kha nang sinh trUdng, phdt tnen \a nang suat cua 8 gidng dau xanh mdi ehpn tao va gidng ddi chflng (Tam TH) trong vu Xuan vd \ai He nam 2019 nham tuyen chpn dUpc gidng dau xanh mdi phyc vu sdn xuat tai Tiianh Hda. Thi nghiem dUpc bd tri theo khoi ngau nhien day du (RCB) vdi 3 Ian nh^c lai.
Ket qud nghien cdu cho thay, eac gidng dau xanh cd kha nang sinh trUdng. phat trien tdt trong dieu kien thdi tiet tai Thanh Hda. Nang suat thdc thu cua cdc gidng dau xanh dat 1,43 - 1,74 tan/ha (vu Xuan) vd 1,53 - 2,12 tan/ha (vy He). Cac gidng dau xanh mdi cd kha nang cho nang suat cao hon so vdi ddi chflng d ca hai vu thi nghiem. Trong do, 2 gidng TXOl va TX05 cd kha nang ehdng chiu tdt va nang suat eao nhat dUpc lUa cho san xuat tai Thanh hda.
Tfl khda: Gidng dau xanh mdi, sinh IrUdng, ndng sual. Thanh Hda I. DAT VAN DE
Dau xanh Id cay thflc pham cd gia tri kinh te cao, dflpc trdng phd bien d nfldc ta vd nhieu nfldc tren the gidi. Hat dau xanh cd hdm lUdng dinh dfldng cao, la ngudn ndng Ifldng can thiet eho eon ngUdi (Keatinge et ai, 2011), ddng thdi cdn cd hUdng thdm dac trUng nen dd trd thdnh mdt nguyen lieu quan trpng trdng san xuat thUe pham, hdnh ked.
Slip, mien, nUde gidi khdi, dd hop va dd an chay...
(Trail Van Lai vd ctv., 1993). Dae biet, dau xanh cdn dflpc sfl dung nhfl mdt dfldc lieu trong viec ho trp dieu tri cdc benh tieu hda, than kinh, tim mach va giai dde. (Dd Tat Ldi, 2001).
Dau xanh ddng vai trd quan trong trong ndng nghiep d mot sd qude gia thude mien Nam va Ddng Nam chau A nhfl Thdi Lan, Sri Lanca, An Dp, Myanma, Bangladesh, Indonesia... Cdy trdng nay eflng dupc trdng nhieu d Australia, Trung Qude, Iran, Kenya. Han Qude, Malaxia, Peru, Hoa Ky, cdc ndde vung Trung Ddng. Hien nay, ed 29 qude gia trdng dau xanh vdi dien tich khoang 6 trieu ha va san Ifldng 3 trieu tan (Nair et ai, 2014).
O Viet Nam, dau xanh Id cdy trdng ed y nghia quan trpng trong he thdng ndng nghiep. cd the dflpc trdng -xen canh, gdi sni vd mang lai hieu qua kinh
te cao cho cdc ndng hd, dac biet ddi vdi ngUdi dan d ede tinh mien Trung, trong dd cd Tlianh Hda.
(Pham Van Thieu, 2009). Cay dau xanh dupe xac dinh la cay trdng thay the phfl hpp eho eac edy trdng khac trong vu He vi sU thich flng vdi thdi tiet vd tiem nang kinh te cao. Tuy nhien, dien tich va sdn Ifldng dau xanh cdn han che, nang suat cdn thap, bd gidng dau xanh chUa phong phfl. Ben canh dd, cay dau xanh khdng dupe .xem Id cay trong chinh, ngUdi ddn chu yeu ehi trong cae gidng dia phUdng de tang gia vd khdng chu trpng nhieu den eac bien phap ky thuat canh tdc.
Nghien cflu nay danh gia nham tim ra gidng dau xanh sinh trfldng phdt trien tdt, ndng suat eao vd thieh flng vdi dieu kien trdng tai Thanh Hda, gdp phan da dang bd gidng dau xanh. ddp dng nhu cau san xuat va nang eao hieu qua kinh te eho ngUdi dan.
IL VAT LIEU VA PHl/ONG PHAP NGHIEN C0U 2.1. Vdt lieu nghien cdu
Vat lieu nghien cflu gdm 8 gidng dau xanh mdi do Hoe vien Ndng nghiep Viet Nam chpn tao bang phfldng phap lai hflu tinh vd ebon Ipc pha he, dfldc ky hieu la TXOI, TX02, TX03, TX04, TX05, TX06, TX07, TX08 vd I gidng doi chflng la Tdm TH (gidng dia phddng).
' Khoa Ndng hoe, Hpc \'ien Ndng nghiep \'iet Xam: - \'icn Khoa hpc Ndng nghiep Viet Nam
