Nghiin ctfu

' Nghiin ctfu - Trao do'i

PHAT HUY TIEM NANG CUA DQI NGU TRI THLfC VUNG DONG NAM BQ TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOI

T S . P H A M B I N H DiDiTC' T d m t d t : Phdt huy tiim nang cda ddi ngu tri thdc va phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi d Viit Nam hiin nay cd mdi liin he mdt thidt, tdc ddng qua lqi, lam diiu kiqn, tiin de cho nhau cdng phdt tridn. Trong dd, viic ddy mqnh phdt trien kinh te - xa hqi se tao mdi trddng, diiu kiin, nen tang, ddng Itfc- cho viic phdt huy nhdng tiem nang to Idn cda ddi ngu tri thdc -

"nhdng ngddi lao ddng tri dc, cd trinh dd hoc vdn cao vi linh vtfc chuyin mdn nhat dinh. cd ndng Itfc td duy ddc lap, sdng tqo, truyin bi vd Idm gidu tri thdc, tao ra nhdng san pham tinh thin va vit chat cd gia tri dd'i vdi xd hdr. Ngdtfc Iqi, tiim ndng cda ddi ngu tri thdc dtfqc khdi day, toa sing, phat huy manh me se li tdi sin quy gii. ngudn Itfc quan trqng, cd J? nghTa quydt djnh tdc dd, hliu qua, chd't Idt^ng cda qua trinh phdt tridn kinh td - xa hdi Xuat phit td nhdng li do dd, cd the khang dinh, viic phdt huy tiim ndng ddi ngu tri thtfe d cae tinh. thdnh Ddng Nam bq hien nay cung khdng ngoqi 1$, khdng nam ngodi tinh quy ludt dd.

JU k h d a ; ddi ngu tri thdc; Ddng Nam bd; kinh td - xa hdi

V

dng D d n g Nam bd bao gdm cac tinh, t h a n h : TP Hd Chf Minh, Binh DUdng, Binh PhUdc, Tdy Ninh, Ddng Nai, Ba Rja - Vung T d u . Diiu ki$n ttf nhien (dien tfch, vj trf dja If, dja hinh, he thdng sdng ngdi, bien, thdi t i l t khf hdu, tdi nguydn r d n g , khoang sdn...), Ddng Nam bd Id v d n g giau t i e m ndng phat t r i l n ktnh te t o a n d i f n n h i t 6 Vtet Nam, thdm chf ea khu vUc D d n g Nam A.

Tdc do phit trien kinh td. D d n g Nam bd la ddu tdu kinh te c d a ea nUdc; phdt t r i l n , hdi nhdp nang d d n g , mdc dp tang trudng kinh t l cao. Rieng TP H d Chf Minh, ddng gdp vdo ngan sach ea nUdc t a n g theo cde nam, nam 2011 c h i e m 2 7 , 7 % , nam 2014 ehiem 30%, t a n g gap 2 tan giai doan 2006 - 2010. D i l u nay gdp phan o n dinh kinh te vTmd, kiem soat Igm phat, bao dam an sinh x a h d i . GDP binh q u d n dau n g u d i t a n g 1 2 % / nam, d i n eudi nam 2015 Udc dat 5.538 USD/ndm/ngadi^.

Dqc didm ddn cd, kien cUdng, dung

'•"Hpc v i f n Chinh tri khu vpc II, Hgc vien CTQG Ho Chl Minh

Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 10/2017

edm, quyet doan trong lao ddng san xud't, c h l l n d i u ; phdng khoang, cdi m d , ndng hgu trong giao t i l p , dng x d ; chd trpng tfnh hieu qua trong edng vide; da dang, phong phd v l ddn tde, tdn giao, tfn ngudng trong ddi sdng... Id nhdng dgc diem ndi trdi trong ta duy, Idi sdng eda ngadi m i l n Ddng Nam bp.

Ddng Nam bd la khu vpc hap d d n , thudn Ipi nha't so vdi ea nude trong viec thu hut, tap hpp dpi ngu tri thdc t d nhieu vdng, mien 6 nUde ta va mpt s d qude gia - ddn tde tren t h i gidi. Nhtn chung, ddi ngu trf thdc d ddy dape dao tgo ed ban, ed kha nang nghidn edu khoa hpe dde lap, khdm phd tri thdc mdi trong mdt ehuyen ngdnh hep; s d dong ludn gid dapc pham chat dgo ddc cda nhd khoa hpc, eda ngUdi tri thdc cd t d m , trach n h i f m vdl edng vide, tdm huye't vdi chuyen m d n , e d long t y trpng, gan bd vdi ddn vj, cd quan va qud hudng, dd't nude trong mpi hodn canh, thudn Ipi c u n g nhU khd khan... Dpi ngu tri thdc edng tac tap trung d edc Ifnh vpc: khoa hpc - cdng nghd, giao d y e - dao tao, quan If nhd nude, tai ehfnh, tfn d y n g va y t l , edu trp xa hdi vd cde iTnh vpc kinh t l - xa hdi khac,

• Nghien ctfu - Trao doi

nhu ndng n g h i f p , thdy s a n , giao thdng v a n tai, cdng nghidp, xdy ddng vd djch vy - du Ijeh sd lupng cd phan tt hdn. Dja bdn eu trd va lam v i f c c d a ddi ngu tri thde ehu ye'u d thdnh p h d Idn, t r u d n g d g i hpc, v i f n nghien c d u . . . Dde bidt, trong d i l u kien h t f n nay, dpi ngu t r i thde v d n g D d n g Nam bd ngdy edng phat trien cd v l s d l u p n g , ehat lupng va cd c a u ngdnh n g h e . T h e o B l t h u T h d n h dy TP Hd C h l Minh N g u y d n T h i f n N h d n , TP H d Chf Minh h i f n nay c d 1,2 t r i f u ngudi cd trinh do cao d a n g , dgi hpc trd len, ddy Id n g u d n t a i n g u y e n quan trpng c d a thanh phd^. Trong khi d d , v d o nam 1975, T h a n h p h d c d 13 nghin n g u d i cd trinh dp cao d a n g t r d Idn, den t h a n g 6/2007. cd 340.805 ngUdi cd trinh dp dgi hpc trd len*.

Khdi quat nhdng ddng gdp cda ddt ngu trf thde mien Ddng Nam bd ddi vdi sp phat t r i l n kinh t l - xa hdi cda v d n g ndi rieng vd ca nude ndi chung trong nhdng nam qua nhu sau:

- La nhdng ngudi dau tien, trUc tiep nghidn edu, de xuat d e ludn ed khoa hpc cho q u y l t sdeh chfnh trj cac d p cda O d n g , Nha nudc. Mat trdn T l qudc vd cdc doan t h i ehfnh trj - xd hpi.

- Ld luc lupng trUc t i l p bdi dUdng, dao tgo ngudn nhdn lye, dac b i f t la ngudn nhan lyc c h i t lapng cao cho cdc dja phaong trong khu vUc, thdm ehf cda ca nade. Dong thdi, chfnh hp la lye ladng ndng edt trong sp n g h i f p ndng eao ddn trf, dao tgo nhdn iUc, bdi dadng nhan tdi.

- Dpi ngu tri thde v d n g Ddng Nam bd Id nhdng ngudi c h d dpng nghien c d u , de xuat va hudng ddn edc tang Idp nhdn dan to chdc, trten khai thuc h t f n cae d l tai, edng trinh, d y dn khoa hpe.

- La lye tupng tien phong trong v i f e t i l p thu, quan tridt, tuyen truyen, t d ehde thye h i f n quyd't sdch chi'nh trj cdc d p .

- Ld lyc lupng di d a u , dau tranh h i f u qua nha't trong v i f c nhdn d i f n , phe phan cdc

ludn d i f u sai trdi, x d o q u y f t c d a cdc the lyc thd djch...

Tuy nhien, ben c g n h nhdng Uu diem noi trpt vd ddng gdp tfch cUc tren, ddi ngij tri thdc vdng D6ng Nam bd edn mdt so hgn che n h i t djnh, nhu mdt bp phdn ddi ngQ tri thdc trinh dd c h u y e n m d n ehua ngang tam vdi y e u d u phdt trien cda thpc t i l n , chUa dap dng dapc ddi hdi c d a cudc sdng, yeu eau cda edng tae; t h i l u nhdng chuyen gia, cdnh ehim dau d d n , dau nganh gidi (tinh trgng nay dien ra ngay trong ede trung tdm, v i f n nghidn edu, trudng dai hpc Idn); phong cdch ldm viec c u a bd phgn trf thde ehUa thdt sp khoa hpc, nang lyc t a duy chl ddng Iai 6 tdm c d m tfnh, kinh n g h i f m , ehUa dgl tdi t i m c d a t u duy b i f n chdng... V i the, trude nhdng v a n d l bde thiet t d thUc tien, li lugn dat ra, trudc nhdng luan d i f u xao trd cda cdc the lyc thd djch, hogc trade nhdng khd khan trade mdt, nhd't t h d i c d a nganh, ddn vj, dia phUdng, da't nadc,.. ed mdt sd trf thdc td ra hoang mang, dao d d n g ; tham chi hoai nght v l con dudng dl Idn C N X H cda dat nudc, v l cdng v i f c minh dang lam... Cdng tac xay d u n g ddi ngu tri thdc d mpt s d ddn vj, dja phUdng trong thdi d i l m nhd't djnh cdn nhdng hgn che, bd't c a p . V i f c tuyen chpn, ddi ngo, danh gid, d l bat, s d d y n g edn bd trf thdc thieu minh b g c h , khach quan, khoa hpc. Do d d , mdt s d tri thde ban khodn, tran trd, chua thyc s y y d n t d m edng tae, tam huyet vdi chuyen m d n , ddn vj, c d quan...

Xua't phat t d nhdng dieu kien, thye trgng t r d n , tac gia de xua't mqt sd giai phdp nhiim gop phin phdt huy tiim nang dqi ngu tri thdc vdng Dong Nam bq trong s y nghifp phat trien kinh te - x d hdi nhU sau:

Thd nhat, ve nhdn thdc

Ddi vdi cd'p dy, lanh dgo cac d p , cac ngdnh, cac dja phUdng c a n nam bat dUdc bdn chd't, dge d i l m eda ddi ngd trf thde va vai trd, tam quan trpng c d a hp ddi vdi si/

n g h i f p phdt trien kinh t l - xd h f i cda khu vpc, dat nude ndi chung va s y n g h i f p phat

Khoa hoc chinh tri - Sd 10/2017^.

• Nghien ctfu - Trao doi

trien eda ddn vj, ed quan ndi ridng. Ddng thdi, phai nhdn thde dupe rang, tap hpp, khai thae, phdt huy t i l m nang d f i ngu tri thdc la trdch nhtem, bdn phdn cda ca h f thd'ng chfnh trj. TrUde tidn Id trdch n h i f m , b i n phan eda ngudi d d n g ddu d p dy, cd quan, ddn vj va dja phUdng. Chfnh vi vgy, cap uy, lanh d a o cac d p , cac ngdnh, cae dja phUdng d n cd ke hogch, giai phap. Id trinh cy the cho viec bdi d u d n g , dao tgo s d dung dpi ngu trf thdc.

Ben egnh d o , ddi ngu trf thdc cung phai nhgn thdc dupc rang, dgc trung c d a lao ddng tri dc Id sang tao, tdi s a n tri t u f eang dupc s d dung cang phong p h u , sdu sac. Vi the, ngUdi trf thdc phai khdng ngdng ndng cao trinh dp chuyen m d n , nghiep v y , tdm huyet vdt nghe nghiep, gan bd vdi ddn vj, cd quan, dja phUdng minh cdng tdc. Dac bift, trade nhdng hien t a p n g tieu c y c "mudn hinh mudn v e " trong ddi sdng xa hot, ngPdi tri thde khdng dape ddng nha't va quy nhdng h i f n tapng d d v a o ban chat cua D a n g , eda c h l dp. Thpc te cho thd'y, c d nhdng trf thdc, do nhdn thdc I f e h Igc, c a m tfnh, ehd quan, khdng phdn biet d a u Id ban chat, ddu la h i f n tupng ndn ddn de'n sp tha hda v l dgo dde, Idt sdng, t u tUdng chfnh t n ; t h g m chf cd nhdng Idi ndi, v i f c lam chdng ddi D a n g va Nha nudc.

Thd hai. ve gido dye - dao tao - bdi dUdng Gido dye - d a o tgo - boi duSng la nhdn to cd <i nghTa quye't djnh trudc tien, trye t i l p den chat lupng, s d IUdng dpi ngu tri thdc.

Bdi le, bat c d ngUdi t r i thdc nao eung trai qua qua trinh giao due - dao tgo - boi dUdng.

Neu chat lupng c d a qua trinh nay y e u k e m , Igc hdu se san sinh ra nhdng trf thde y e u kem, lac hau v l tri thdc, phUdng phdp tU duy, nang tUc nam bat If lugn, v a n d y n g If Iuan, khai quat t h y c t i l n . . . De cap vj trf, tam quan trpng dac bidt c u a gido due dd'i vdi viec ndng eao ehat lupng nguon nhan lpe d V t f t Nam h i f n nay. V a n kien D a i hdi l l n thd XII eda D a n g khang djnh: "Ddi mdi can ban va

toan d i f n giao dye, ddo tgo, ndng cao e h l t lupng ngudn nhdn IUc; day mgnh nghidn edu, phat t r i l n , dng d y n g khoa hpe, cdng n g h f ; phat huy val trd qud'c sach hang dau cda gido dye, dao tgo va khoa hpc, cdng n g h f ddi vdi sU n g h i f p ddi mdi va phat t r i l n d i t n y d c " ^

De cdng tdc gido due - dao tao - bdi dudng dgt h i f u qua, c a n : (1) Bao dam e h l t lupng eda ehUdng trinh gido dye - ddo tao - boi d a d n g . ChUdng trinh giao dye - dao tgo - bdi dudng d n dupe t h i l t k l , xdy dyng t d nhu d u thyc l i l n , truyen thdng cua dat nUdc va ke thda cd chpn Ipc nhdng ttnh hoa tri thde eda nhdn loai, thdt dai; (2) Trong qua trinh gido due - dao tgo - bdi dUdng phai dat chat lupng len hang dau, tdng bUdc khac phye t r i f t d l b f n h hinh thde; (3) Dpi ngu cdn bd giang day, quan If gido dye - dao tgo - boi dudng phai Id nhdng ngUdi ed p h i m chat dao ddc td't, tdm h u y l t vdi nghe n g h i f p va gidi ve chuyen m o n . Trong cdng cudc ddi mdi h i f n nay, nganh giao dye thudng xuyen day manh thUc h i f n cude v a n dpng "Mdi thay, cd giao la mpt tam gUdng dao ddc, t y hpc va sang tao".

Thtf ba, v l cd ehe, chinh sach C d c h l , chfnh sdch la do eon ngudi dat ra, xet cho cdng la nham quan li, phdt huy tinh tfch epe d mdi con ngUdi. Vt vdy, kht cd e h i , chfnh sdch nao do da idi thdi, kim ham tinh tfch cUc, sdng tgo cua con ngudi chdn chinh, tht d n dUpc thay doi bang cd c h l , ehinh sach mdi khoa hpc va phd hdp. Di xdy d u n g dupe dpi ngu tri thdc vdng Odng Nam bd ddng ve s d lupng, mgnh v l chat lapng, d n dac b i f t quan tam d i n cd c h l t u y i n c h p n , ddnh gia, s d d y n g vd bo n h i f m tri thdc tren nguyen tac khaeh quan, khoa hpe, ddn ehd, d d n g ngudi, dung v i f c , dung vj tri cdng tac. CUdng quyet khac phyc tinh trang ngUdi cd ehuyen m d n ITnh vye nay sang lanh dao d ITnh vUc khac; hoae ngadi y l u kem ve chuyen m d n , p h i m chat dgo ddc lgi lanh dao, quan If ea tap the trf thdc.

Khoa hoc chinh tri - So 10/2017

• Nghien ctfu - Trao ddi

NhU vgy, vd hlnh trung da tUdc b d , thd tieu tinh sdng tao cua ngUdi tri thdc.

Ddi vdi tri thde, d n chd trpng nhdng chinh sdeh ve ddt sdng vdt chat, tinh t h i n va cd hdi phat trien. Ngoat nhdng ehfnh sach eda D a n g , Nha nUde, mdi dja phadng tdy theo dieu kien cy the ma cd nhdng chi'nh sdch uu dai thiet thye, phd hpp. Ngodi ra, d n ehd trpng cdc chlnh sach dot phd v l c h l dp dai ngd, nhu tien IUdng, mdi trUdng, vj tri v i f e lam.. nham thu hdt, phat huy t i l m nang cda dpi ngd trt thdc.

Thd td, ve lien k i t , hpp tac trong nghien edu, dng d y n g khoa hpc - cdng n g h f

Lien k i t , hpp tdc trong nghien c d u , dng dyng khoa hpc cd y nghTa dgc b i f t quan trpng, gdp p h i n to Idn vao viec phat huy t i l m ndng eda dpi ngu tri thdc m i l n Ddng Nam bd h t f n nay. Cd the ndi, k i t qua c u a v i f e lidn k i t , hdp tde trong nghidn cdu, dng dyng khoa hpe - cdng n g h f la mdt trong nhdng tidu ehf, thude do danh gid nang tue, s U c d n g hien cua dpi ngd tri thdc ddi vdi qua trinh p h a t t r i l n kinh t l - xa hdi.

Lidn k i t , hpp tde trong nghien c d u , dng d y n g khoa hpe - edng nghe gida ede dja phuong, ddn vj, khu vpc, qudc gia... Id xu hudng td't y l u , khach quan. Bdi vi, ngdy nay la thdi dgi eda kT thuat s d , c d a thdng tin, the gidi phang... Do d d , bd't ed dja phudng, qud'e gia - dan tpc nao mudn phdt t r i l n cdng c a n lidn k i t , hpp tac vdi edc dja phUdng, qud'c gia - ddn tdc khac. V i f c nang eao c h i t lupng, s d lapng, phdt huy t i l m nang eda ddt ngu tri thde vdng D d n g Nam bd eung khdng ngogi le, khdng nam ngodi xu the khdch quan trdn...

De v i f c lien k i t , hdp tac trong nghidn edu, dng d y n g khoa hpe - cdng n g h f dgt h i f u qua thi: (1) Cac dja phUdng, cd quan nghien edu v d n g D d n g N a m bp can Ipa chpn de tai nghien edu, hpp tdc phd hpp, ddp dng dupc nhu d u thpc tidn c d a dja phUdng; trdnh nhdng de tdi nghien c d u vd b l , vda lang phi kinh phf, edng sdc cdn b d , v d a khdng cd ^ nghTa gi ve chuyen m d n ; (2)

Cdc dja phUdng, e d quan nghien c d u vdng Odng Nam bd d n tim h i l u , d i l u tra kTlUdng de lya chpn ddi tac lidn k i t , hdp tac cd uy tfn khoa hpc, chat lapng cao d trong nadc va trdn t h i gidi; khdng ndn vi quen bie't ddi tac, vi ddi tac de dai... md tten hdnh lien k i t , h^p tde; (3) Chuan bj lye iupng nghien edu de lien k i t , hdp tae phai edn cd vao ndi dung de tai nghien c d u , nang lye eda edn bd nghien edu; khac phyc t r i f t de t u t u d n g , b f n h "quan chde", benh "mat trdn"... trong vide lya chon lyc lupng lien k i t , hpp tac nghien cdu, dng d y n g khoa hpc - c d n g nghe.

Tren ddy Id mot s d giai phdp nham phat huy t i l m nang c d a dpi ngu trf thdc vdng Dong Nam bp trong sU nghiep phdt trien kinh t l - xd hdi h t f n nay. Nhdng giai phap nay luon cd mdi lien hd mat thie't vdi nhau. Tuy chua day d d , hoan hao, nhUng ne'u dUpc cac cap, cac nganh q u d n triet thpc h t f n nghidm tiic, chdng ta c d q u y e n tin tudng vd t y hao rdng, tiem nang eda dpi ngu tri thdc vdng Dong Nam bd se tiep t y e dupe phdt huy, tda sdng tren mpi ITnh vpc trong sp n g h i f p ddi mdi eda dat nude ndi chung vd khu vuc Bong Nam bd ndi ridng. Dpi ngd tri thdc miln Ddng Nam b f se tiep tuc gdp p h i n v i l t tiep trang s d hao hdng eda que hUdng trong ttidi ki ddi mdi, vdi tinh t h i n "mien Ddng gian iao ma anh d u n g " •

'DCSVN, Vin kiSn Hdi nghi Hn ihd biy BCH TU khoa X, Nxb CTQG, HN.2008, tr. 81 - 82 ' Dang bo TP Ho Chl Mmh. Vin kien Dqi h^i dai biiu lin ihdX. nhi?m kl 2015 • 2020, 2015, tr.13 ' Xem: Bii phit biiu cda Oy viin Bo Chfnh tri, Bl thU Thinh dy TP Ho Chl Minh Nguyin Thien Nhin trong djp gap g6 120 d^i dien trf thilc thanti ptio, ngay 28/5/2017. (theo SAi Gon Glal Phong online)

•• Xem: Thtfc tr^ng dgi ngu tri ihdc Thinh phi H6 Chl Minh vi giii phip pfidt triin ddi ngu tri thdc phifc vu stf nghiip dii mdi vi h^i nhip quoc ti, Tgp chi Khoa hoc bgii hgc Sa phgm TP Ho Chf Minh, so 37/2012

* DCSVN, Vin kien D^i hgi dai biiu toin quic tin tha XII. Nxb CTQG, HN. 2016, tr.77

Khoa hoc chinh tri - Sd 10/2011