ngirofi due thiTc 15

Drn^vuJh^E V.'-- 15

Vai tro cua giao due do'i vofi viec thiTc hien, phat trien quyen con ngirofi

TliS. TA THI THU DONG Khoa Ludt - Oai hoc Qudc gia Ha Ndi

rOI\flTAT

Bao dam quyen eon ngudi la tieu ehuan ehinh xac nhat danh gid sU phat tnen cCia lien bp xa hpi nen dac bigl can tdi sy hd trd dac lUe eQa giao due, Ben canh vide trang bj tri thflc khoa hpe va thflc tinh, giao dye con ngfldi y thflc ve qflyen eon ngfldi, giao due cbn ddng vai trb trung Idm trong viec thflc hien vd thuc day sQ bao dam quydn con ngudi, la ed sd de giai phdng va phat trien mpi nang iQc ciia eon ngUdi,

SUMt\^ARY

Human rights and the role of education in doing, de- veloping human rights.

Assurance human rights is the most accurate stan- dard to assess the development of progress social. So that it needs to the support effectively of education In addition to provide and equip scientific knowledge for human, awaking and educating human aware ef human rights, education is the central role in doing and promot- ing assurance human rights. It is base to liberate and develop all capabilities of human,

Tdt thdy mpi sy phdt t n l n ndi chung ddu tudn theo nhQng quy lugt tien hda vd co myc dich vl con ngUdi.

Khi xa hpi lodi ngudi ngdy cdng phdt tnen cung vdi sy phdt triln ciia khoa hge - cdng nghg va gido dye thi con ngudi cdng dUpc ddt dflng vdo vj trf cua nd - vj tri trung ldm cua gidi tp nhien. Dp dd, yeu cau ddi vdi bat cfl hpgt dpng eiia cd nhan, td chflc hay nha nfldc ndo cung ddu phai vl con ngddi, bao dam quyin con ngudl vi phai co ca chi nhim bao dam quyin con ngudi, hd trg cho vi$c thtfc hi$n quyin con ngudi. Gido dye vdi vai trd vd sy uu vigl ndng ciia no cd nhigm vy thue diy sy phdt trien cua eon ngUdi vd xd hpi lodi ngudi, hudng den myc lieu xdy dpng mpt xa hpi md trong dd con ngudi dupe phdt trien lanh mgnh irdn linh thdn' sp phat trien cua cd nhdn ndy cung dam bdo (thuc day hodc khdng gdy anh hudng ddn) sp phdt tridn va nhQng quydn, Ipi ich chfnh ddng, hpp phdp CUB cd nhdn khde.

Con ngfldi sinh ra vdn cd nhOng quydn {vd dupc hudng

nhQng quyen) nhat djnh, cd ban, NhQng khong phai tat thay moi ngQdi deu y IhQc dQde quyen ay. Vi the, con ngQdi d i xam pham va bj xam pham ve quyen. Khi quydn con ngUdi bi xam pham thi du khoa hpe ky thuat va cbng nghe ed phdt trien den may, cua eai xa hpi lam ra ed dbi ddo bao nhieu di chang nQa, gia trj thang dU c6 cao de'n nhudng nao thi tat ca cung trd nen vo nghTa, bdi nb i<hbng mang lai cai gia tn cdt Ibi nhat, dieh thuc nhat ma loai ngUdi tfl xfla den nay ludn cd g l n g tien len de gianh lay - bao dam quyen tfl nhien va tat ea eac quyen con ngfldi khac ma tUu chung lai la thda man sy mUu cau hanh phflc cho con ngfldi, M6t khi con ngfldi ehfla dupe giai phdng (ve tinh than, thd xae vd nang lpc phal tnen) eung cd nghTa la sfl van ddng eita xa hot lodi ngfldi thdt ra chfla cd sU thay doi ve chal. Hay n6i each khac, bao dam quyen con ngudi la tieu chuan chinh xac nhat danh gia stf phal then cda lien bg xa hgi.

De quyen con rtgUdi dUdc bao dam, khdng gi khae hdn la nhd edy den phap luat va gido due. Ndu nhU phap ludl ddng vai trd ngan cam, trflng tri sy vi pham quydn con ngfldi eung nhu bao ve va ddi lat quyen eon ngfldi cho moi eong dan khi bi xam hai hoac cd nguy cd b\

xdm hai thi giao due dong vai tro trang bi cho con nguai nhdng hieu biet. nhOng ky nang de ho khdng xam pham va khong bi xam pham quyen con ngUdi. NghTa la, giao due khdng chi ed vai trd cung cap, trang bj t n thufc khoa hoc cho con ngUdi ma cdn phai danh thdc, thde tinh, giao due eon ngUdi y thfle vd quyen con ngUdi, biet bao ve quyen con ngUdi eua minh va bao dam quyen con ngUdi cua ed nhdn khac trong cpng dong khi tham gia vdo eac quan hg xa hpi (trong db eb cd quan he gia dinh) dd khdng xdm pham ddn quydn eon ngudl cua hp, de moi cii nhan biet sdng va dugc song mgt cugcsdng thtfc stf ngudi.

Trudc he't, gido dye la con dudng de thyc hign ndng cao ddn tri, cung cap, trang bi tn thflc khoa hpe eho moi cd nhdn trong dd cd Iri thflc vd quyen con ngudi. Khi con ngfldi hidu dUpe minh, hieu dflpc gidi tp nhidn vd xd hpi lodi ngudi, ddng thdi, con ngudi cOng biet vj trf, vai trd.

1 6 M ^

s o 7-2012 - y^CAY SAY gidi hgn eua minh trong mdi quan he vdi tU nhien, vdi xd

hdi, vdi cd nhan khac y thflc vd dieu chinh mdi quan he ay chp dung vdl quy ludt phal t r i l n khach quan, thudn vdi nhQng trdo luu nhdn van lien bd, Tfl dd, mdi ed nhdn biet dinh ra eho minh each sdng, xdy dung ky nang sdng, Giao due do dd, ed vai trd kich daytu duy eon ngudi IQ i' thQc ve ban nang sang y thflc ve quyen de con ngfldi chuyen tQ Ifnh loai sang tfnh cpng ddng, chuyen tfl ban nang sinh tdn sang ky nang song, nang lflc thieh flng.

Tflc la, giao due ed trach nhiem giflp eho ca nhan nay khdng can d i m dap len ca nhan khac, khdng cdn song theo ban nang loai nhfltrudc nQa ma bie'l iQa chdn phudng an hanh dpng sao eho bao dam quyen va Ipi ich ehinh dang, hgp phap gifla cac ben khi tham gia vao cac qoan he xa hdl, Giao due cd trach nhiem cung cap ky nang sdng de moi ca nhan biet chuyen tQ viec Ifla chon each xif sQ ddi phb sang flng phd, each sdng thy dbng sang sdng chil dgng tich eUc Tflc la, giao due giup eon ngifdi biet chu dgng ve quyen con ngifdi cda minh. Mgt khi con ngfldi (ca nhan) y thQc dfldc quyen ciia minh, ehIc chan ho se tu da'u tranh hoac nhd cay cac lUC iUdng ho trO de khdng nhflng bao ve minh khdi sU xam hai ma cbn dam bao dQdc quyen phal t n l n va quyen bao ve sfl phat trien cua ban than Dong thdi, khi con ngUdi (ea nhdn) y IhQc dQdc quyen cua minh, cung y thflc dQdc quyen ciia ngQdi khac, do dd, ho se khong (hoae han che va biet chju trach nhiem khi) thUc hien hanh vi xam hai tdi cac ca nhan khac NhU vay, ro rang la, giao due xda bo sUkhong y thu'c ve quyen con ngifdi cua ca ngudi bi xam hai va ngQdi thuc hien hanh vi xam hai. Mudn thQc hien dQdc vai tro cua minh trong ITnh vuc nay, giao dye phai giQ vi tri trung tam trong cu6c each mang tren ITnh vUc van hda - tutudng, vQa trang b| tn thQc khoa hoe tQ nhien - xa hgi, vQa Ihay ddi the gidi quan, nhan sinh quan va cung cap phQdng phap - ky nang sdng cho con ngQdi Suy eho cung, giao due phai xoa bd stf vd minh eho eon ngUdi va xoa bo stfvo minh vi con ngUdi. Tatca nhQng tQ tudng - tam [y xa hdi lae hau, moi sU vi pham vd quyen con ngUdi, ve phap luat, dao dQc, sQ tha hda con ngQdi va ca su tu tha hoa cung deu xuat phat tfl vd minh, Chang han nhQ- tu tQdng trgng nam khinh nQ trong gia dinh, ngoai xa h6i, trong tuyen dung va phan cbng lao dbng eung nhu phan phdi thanh qua lao dpng. trong ta't thay moi hoat ddng deu xua't phat IQ su vd mmh, tfl sfl khdng hieu ve quy luat tU nhien, quy iuat xa hpi va sU phat t n l n cua chflng, ma trong dd con ngfldi la mot bp phan, tuan Iheo tal thay nhflng quy lual ay. Do khdng hieu nen khdng bie't khai thac con ngfldi, vi the cflng dong thdi vdi viec vi pham quyen con ngudi (Vf du. khdng hieu ve kha nang tu duy, kha nang lao dbng ciia con ngUdi nbi ehung, ciia phy nfl ndi rieng nen vi pham ve quyen dflpc giao dye, hpe tap, lao ddng eiia hg. Mot khi tdng the khdi IQdng cdng viec dUpe giao cho (ndi dung hdn la ddn len vai) ngfldi dan dng cung dong nghTa vdi viec ngfldi dan dng bi lao dbng qua tai, vi the, chdc c h i n rdng ho khdng the dii kha ndng va thdi gian ganh vac giai quyet cong viec mpt each higu qua, do dd ndng suat, hieu qua lao ddng xa hpi thap. Khi dy, khdng chi phu nfl bi vi pham ve quyen, md ddn dng cung "dUdc"vi pham vd quyen vi mdt di thdi

gian vd ed hdi nghi ngtJi de tai tgo sQe lao ddng. Giai phdng con ngUdi, bao ve vd phdt trien quyen con ngudi khdng cht Id giai phdng ve mat tinh than, the xdc ma con bao gom ca giai phong todn the nang Itfc sin co, khai day nang lUc tiem tang; dong thdi bdi dddng, tai tao va phat trien, dda den nhdng nang luc mdt cho con ngUdi. De lam dupc didu ay khdng gi khac hdn la thpc hien nang cao dan tri bdng eon dudng giao due.

Ngodi ra, giao due tao ra cd hgi phat trien va do do bio dam quyin phat then cho eon ngudi, thao gd dan dan su vb minh eua chfnh con ngudi ve ban than minh, Tflc la glad dye giup con ngfldi (mdi ca nhdn) khong chi cd kha nang lao dpng bang ban lay ma cdn ed khd nang lao dpng bang trf dc va sU lao dgng ay dUa den sU nhari nha chp dbi ban tay, sQ thda man cho trf dc, Vi ban chat cua bp nao con ngUdi ia tu duy, eon ngudi khong dUPc tU duy cung nhUcai cay khdng dUdc udng nUdc. Khdng c6 giao due, lao ddng cua con ngudi chl la lao dong v'l sii sinh ton chu chUa dat duoc cap do lao dgng v'l sg phat Irien Trong khi do, lao ddng vi stf phat trien mdi thtfc sd ta lao dong vi con ngUdi va nhim bao dam quyen con ngUdi, md ra cd hdi de ehinh con ngUdi chu ddng tim ra con dudng nham thda man nhu ea'u eua minh. Hay nbi ro hon, lao dpng de dap flng nhu cau sinh sdng thuan tfly, ebn giao due la con dfldng de tai san xuat nang lUc lao dpng (dau v a c thu nap Iri thflc, ky nang lam chil khoa hoc cdng nghe day ehuyen san xud't, ky nang Qng phb vdi nhQng bien doi eua ddi sdng xa hoi va dau ra Id; md rdng kha nang, ed hoi lao dong eho con ngQdi, dQa ldi sQ phat trien ngay cang hoan thien cho eon ngQdi trong dd 06 si,!

y thQc ve le sinh tdn, quyen con ngudi va kha nang bao ve quyen con ngUdi cua mdi ca nhan - Day la y thtfc sinh ton, quyen dugc bao dam eho stf sinh ton chtf khong phai ban nang sinh ton). Khi xem xet sfl phdt trien eua mbi ea nhan trong sU phat trien ehung ciia xa hpi ta thay ro rang r i n g : neu mpt ngUdi ma chi chuyen lam mgl cong viee, thi mai roi anh ta cung se mat di kha ndng lam nhQng cdng viee khac Ngay nay, trong nen san xuat hidn dai vdi yeu cau ve Irinh dp ehuyen mdn va khoa hpe ky thuat cao thi tinh chuyen mdn hda trong san xual ngay cang tang NhUng chuyen mdn hda khdng eb nghTa la ngudi lao ddng duy nhal chi lam mdt thap tae, mot cbng viec, gifl nguyen, y nguyen, lap di lap lai lan trfldc. Ma ddi hdl ngudi lao dpng phai dUdc dao tao, nang eao tay nghe de dieu luyen hdn, chuyen nghiep hdn trong sdn xuat, Iao dbng, d l hg cd dii kha nang tiep luc tham gia va theo kip nen san xuat, ddi sdng xa hbf cb tfnh khoa hgc - cdng nghe ngay cdng eao, ngay eang phd bidn, Nhu vay, giao due chinh !a nhan td chfnh bao ddm de mdl ea nhan ed cO hdi. kha nang theo kjp sd phdt triln ciia n l n san xuat, eua xd hoi tren cd sd dUde trang bibdi dUdng Ihem nhflng kien thUe, ky nang mdi, dUpc ddo tao lai, dupe phat huy nhflng nang Ipe tidm tdng nhdm gitJp hp giQ vflng vi trf eu, hay vQdn len vi tri mdi. Nhd gidodye ma mdi ca nhdn (vd cung thdng qua giao due md moi nhd nude, td chflc xd hdi ed Ihd giflp dd hp) ddng hdnh cflng sfl phdt trien chung eiia xa hdi, cua ddn tdc, cua nhdn logi

Gido dye va lao ddng Id ngudn gdc cua tu duy.

DnifMHpCi

, ^ £ ^ • • i ^ g ^ a i ^ y ^ - ^ ^

m 17

td dd gidp con ngUdi c6 nang Itfc sAng t^o de thich Ung va phit trien - phdt trien ndng lpc vd phdt tnen quydn.

Nhieng ai cang co kha nSng phat trien nSng Itfc thi hg cing cd kha ndng va dieu ki$n dephat trien quyen ndu khdng, hp cht dQng lgi 6 mQc dp ed kha nang hUdng quyen, thUe hi$n quydn. Rd rdng. ngai tdng thdng trfldc khi dupe nhdn chflc, thUc hien quyen tdng thdng, dng ta Id ngfldi khdng nhQng ed ndng lue (chfnh tn, ngoai giao, kinh te .) md cdn cd kha nang phat trien nang lpc, nhd dd dng ta mdi cb cd hpi de phat t n l n rat cao quydn chfnh in - phdp ly cua minh (thuc hien quyen Qng ed), neu khbng, dng ta cung chi nhU nhBng cif tri khae thue hien quyen chfnh tn - phap ly eiia minh thdng qua vide bo phieu eho mpt Qng cd tdng thdng khae

Qua dd, ta thay giao due ddng vai trd trung lam trong vifc thtfc hiin va thuc diy stf bao dam quyin con ngudi, vi the no cung la ctf sd dephat trien gia tri ttf than va gia tri con ngudi, giai phdng con ngUdibao gom' giai phdng khdi dp bflc bat cdng vd giai phdng nang iQc, kha ndng ciia con ngQdi Dong thdi, no con la cOsd, dieu kiin eho con ngUdi nhan thtfc va thtfc hien eac quyen khac trong td hpp vd quydn con ngudi.

Quydn con ngudi va y thQc ve quyen con ngUdi g i n hen vdi sU phat trien cua xa hpi va sU hd trb d i e lUe ciia giao dye De giao dye dap Ung lot vai trd kfch day vide bao dam quydn con ngudi, trong td ehfle va hoat dOng giao dye can phai chu y mdt sd van de sau day;

1. Phat huy dan chii trong hoat dbng day va hpe cung nhu nghign eQu khoa hpe, dae biet la khoa hpe giao dye, khoa hpe ve con ngudi; Thyc hien phan bien giao due giQa ngudi hpo, xa hgi va nha giao dye, nhd quan ly, eac edp Idnh dao, Lay ngudi hpe lam trung tam; Xd ly that nghiim minh nhQng hien IQdng xam pham quyen eon ngQdi trong ITnh vQe giao due va mdi trQdng sU pham

2. Xdy dflng nen giao dye md trdn eO sd tdng cfldng

hpp tdc va giao luu van hda - gido due quoc te. Mue dfch cua gidi phdp nay nhdm bdo dam quyen tidp can thdng tin vd trao dpi Iri IhQc eung nhQ ddp flng quydn lya chpn mdi trudng giao dye Idnh manh, chat lupng, lien bd cua ngudi hpe

3. L/u lien, thu hut dau tu cho gido dye tai vung sau, vflng xa, vung ddn tde thieu sd trong dd dae bigt quan tam tdi viec thu hut nguon kinh phi va ngudn nhan Iflc, nhdn tai cho giao dye tai cae dja phUdng nay Mudn vay, can phai c6 cO chd dae each trong viec cap phep dau tu xdy dflng, ho trd kinh phf md trudng Idp va trong tuyen dyng, xdy dflng che dp IflOng bdng cho giao vien vflng sau, vung xa...

4. Thfle hien day manh chifbng irinh giao due ve quyen con ngUdi dudi nhieu hinh thdc linh hoat. phat trien rong rai trach nhiem giao due ve quyen con ngUdi khdng chi trong cac trfldng hoc CO quan Dang, Nhd nude ma cdn phai phat Irien rgng rai traeh nhiem gido due ve quyen eon ngudi trong cac id chflc doan the xa hpi Iheo tinh than diet "giac ddt": ngUdi biet nhieu day cho ngfldi biel il, ngudi biet it dgy cho ngudi ehUa biet Dua ehuong trinh, giao due ve quyen con ngUdi vdo npi dung smh hoat trong IQng khu dan cQ, trong cae td chQe eiia Doan thanh nien, Hpi Phy nfl, Hpi Ngfldi eao tuoi ,...

5. Giao due quyen con ngQdi phai gdn lien vdi giao due truyen thdng va phat huy tmh than doan ket dan t6c nham giup mdl ca nhan "bilt dii biet dQng". TQc la bie't bao dam, phat huy quyen ldi chinh dang, hpp phap cua ca nhan minh trong ldi ich ehung ciia eong dong, dan tgc, khbng vi loi ich vat chat eua ban than ma vi pham dao dfle va phap luat quoc gia, de khdng d l bi cac phan id phan dbng du do loi keo, ldi dung Giao due vdi vai trb ciia nb cdn !a sU canh linh de moi ngUdi dan khdng pham phai nhdng sai lam dang liec do Ihieu hieu bietve tn thUc, truyen thdng van hda - dao dQc va phdp luat /