Chirang t r i n h ho t r a l a i suat
cloi vdi d o a n h nghiep D a Ndng:
NhOng tdc dpng tich ci/c
TS.VO THI THUY ANH ThS. NGUYEN QUOC KHANH
Dai hoc Kinh te, Dai hoc Da Nang Vien Nghien ciru Phat trien Kinh te - Xa hoi Da Nang
Khiing hodng tdi chinh vd suy thodi kinh tetoan cdu da gdy nen nhieu tdc dong xd'u doi v&i nen kinh teViet Nam trong nhiing thdng cuoi ndm 2008 vd 6 thdng ddu ndm 2009. Tuy nhien, nhung thdng gdn day, nen kinh te'Viet Nam da co nhung dd'u hieu phuc hdi cung v&i su chuyen hien khd quan cua thi trucmg npi dia. Cdc chinh sdch ho tro cua Chinh phii trong do co cochehd trg ldi sudt vo'n vay 4% dd hdt ddu cota'c dung trong viec kich thich vd duy tri hoqt dpng sdn xud't - kinh doanh cua DN tren dia hdn thdnh phoDd Ndng.
®
en cudi thang 06/2009, cae chi nhanh td chuc tin dung (TCTD) trgn dia ban thanh phd Da Nang da thyc hign cho vay hd trg lai s u i t dat 7.842 ty ddng vdi so tien lai hd trg g i n 51 ty ddng.Trong dd, d u n g cho vay n g l n han theo Quyg't dinh 131/QD- TTg va 333/QD-TTg dat 7.204 vdi so tien lai vay dugc hd trg dat g i n 50 ty ddng; d u n g cho vay trung dai han theo Quyg't dinh 443/QD-TTg cho vay trung, dai han dat 637 ty ddng, so lai tien vay da dugc hd trg dat 575 trieu ddng; d u n g hd trg lai s u i t de' mua may mdc thie't bi (MMTB), vat tu phuc vu san xuat ndng nghiep va vat lieu xay d u n g (VLXD) nha d khu vuc ndng thdn theo Quyg't dinh 497/QD-TTg la 834 Hieu ddng;
Hd trg lai sua't ddi vdi cac k h o l n vay tai Ngan hang Chinh sach Xa hdi theo Quyg't dinh 579/QD-TTg, Quyg't dinh 662/QD-TTg la 9.884 trigu ddng.
Chuong trinh hd trg lai sua't vdn vay ciia Chinh p h u da cd nhiing tac d d n g tich cyc dg'n hoat d g n g cua DN. P h i n ldn cac DN d u n g n g u o n hd trg nay de duy tri cung n h u m d rgng hoat ddng san xuat kinh doanh
(vdl 86,92% DN). 9,7% DN dugc khao sat sir dung de giai quyg't tien lucmg nhan cdng, viec nay ciing gdp p h i n dn dinh tinh hinh san xuat kinh doanh cho DN. Tuy nhign, van cd mdt sd lugng nhd (1,69%) cac DN dugc khao sat nhan dugc hd trg vd'n vay, da diing ngudn hd trg nay de tra n g vd'n vay cu. Ngoai ra cting cd mdt ty Ie rat nhd cac DN sii d y n g vd'n vay hd trg cho cac muc dich khac.
Tdc ddng cua chvong t r i n h hd t r o ldi sudt ddi vdi D N D d Ndng
Tac dqng ciia hd tro' lai suat len gia thanh san pham
Hieu qua vd'n vay dugc hd trg lai suat ddi vcri cac DN thg' hien tren kha nhieu mat, nhung ndi bat n h i t la giam chi phi vd'n vay trong gia thanh san p h l m . Qua k h i o sat thyc tg', 95,56% cac DN dugc khao sat cho rang gdi BIEU B01; MUC DiCH SCT DUNG HO TRQ VON VAY CUA DN
Tra no von Muc dich khac: 2%
vaycu: 1,69%
; Glai quyet tien luong: 9,7°/
Md rong hoat dpng SXKD: 36°/
Tai chinh THANG 8/2009 25
m
\\ TAI CHI'NH D O A N H NGHIEP hd trg lai s u i t 4% ciia Chinh phit da gdp phan lam gilm gia thanh s i n pham cua DN. Tuy nhign, muc do tac ddng la khac nhau dd'i vdi tirng DN cu the. Theo ket qua cd dugc thi da so cac DN (chig'm dg'n 69,8% cac DN) dugc khao sat danh gia rang muc hd trg ciia Chinh phii cd tac ddng dang ke trong vigc gdp p h i n giam gia thanh san pham ciia DN, Ben canh dd, cd 14,5'!''o cac DN danh gia rang vd'n vay cua Chinh phu da hd trg r l t dang ke trong vigc giam gki thanh san p h l m . Tuy nhign van cd khdng it cac DN (chig'm 15,7%) cho r i n g viec hd trg lai s u i t cua Chinh phu cd rat it hoac khdng cd tac dung gi Hong vigc giam gia thanh s i n p h l m . Digu nay cung khdng dang ngac nhign do bgn canh chi phi vdn vay, cdn ed r l t nhigu chi phi khac clu thanh gia thanh san pham nhu chi phi nhan cdng, nguygn, nhien vat lieu.Tac dqng ciia ho tro" lai suat den gia ban san pham
Theo ket qua khao sat, 45,8% DN dugc khao sat cd gia ban san p h a m
giam sau khi nhan dugc uu dai Iai s u i t vd'n vay. Hon mdt nua cac DN dugc khag sat (51,4"''o) cd gia ban s i n pham la khdng thay ddi sau khi dugc hd trg lai s u i t . Tuy nhien, cd mdt sd cac DN v l n cd gia ban san p h a m tang sau khi dugc hd trg lai s u i t vay vd'n nhung ty le nay la r l t thap so vcri hai trudng hgp trgn, chi chig'm 2,8%.
Cd nhieu nguygn nhan khac nhau tac ddng lam cho gia ban s i n p h a m giam. Tuy nhign, cd den 48,47% DN cho r i n g vigc hd trg lai s u i t vd'n vay cua Chinh phu da cd tac dung Idn lam gilm gia ban san p h l m cua DN. Bgn canh dd cung cd cac DN cho r i n g gia giam cdn la do mdt sd nguygn nhan khac n h u do sue ep canh tranh, gia vd'n giam, gia nguyen nhign vat Iigu giam...
Sd DN cd gia ban san pham tang la r l t nhd, chi b l n g 10% so vdi cac DN cd gia ban san pham giam. Didu nay cho tha'y r i n g ddi vdi mdt so DN thi viec hd trg lai s u i t vd'n vay chua the bil d i p cho cac yeu to tang gia khac n h u chi phi nhign ligu tang, chi phi nhan cdng, chi phi nguygn vat lieu
SU* THAY DOI GIA BAN SAN PHAM SAU KHI NHAN HO T R a LAI SUAT yON VAY Cac mirc thay do!
Tangier 10% den 20%
Tang dw&\ 10%
Khong thay ddi Giam difffi 10%
Giam lir 10% den 20%
Giam tren 20%
% DN thay do! gia ban san pham 0,7
2,1 51,4 33,3 7,6 4,9
Bang 2
TY LE CAC NGUYEN NHAN LAM GIAM GIA B A N SAN PHAM Nguyen nhan lam giam gia ban san pham
Ho trcr lai suat vay lam chi phi vdn vay giam Do siTc ep canh tranh
Chi phi nguyen vat lieu hoac gia vdn giam Gia nhien lieu giam
Nguyen nhan khac
Ty ie (%) 48.47 22,09 21,47 7,36 0,61
Bangs
TY LE CAC NGUYEN NHAN LAM TANG GIA BAN SAN P H A M Nguyen do lam tang gia thanh san pham
Gia nhien lieu tang
Chi phf nguyen vat lieu hoac gia vdn tang Chi phi nhan cdng tang
Nguyen nhan Ichac
Ty ie (%) 30,43 30,43 34,78 4,35
cua mdt SO nganh gia tang.
Tac dqng cua ho tro" lai suat den sii'c canh tranh trong va ngoai nw&c
Gdi hd trg Iai s u i t cua Chinh phu dugc hau het cac DN danh gia la co tac d u n g tich cyc trong vigc nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua DN ddi vdi thi trudng trong nudc ciing nhu tren thi trudng the gidi. Lai suat cho vay hien nay d cac N H T M dang d miic 10,5%/nam va neu nhan dugc hd trg lai s u i t thi lai s u i t vay chi cdn 6,5%/nam. Lai s u i t nay la rat thlp so vcri trudc day khi ma dinh diem lai s u i t cho vay dat 21% - 22%/nam. Chi phi vd'n vay re se giup cho DN de d a n g can n h l c hon trong cac chie'n lugc kinh doanh: Hm kiem thi Hucmg mdi, d i u tu san p h a m mdi, ha gia thanh san p h l m . . . Theo kg't qua khao sat, cd 89,3% DN cai thign dugc kha n a n g canh tranh cua minh trgn thi Hudng ndi dia va 76,7% DN cai thien dugc kha nang canh tranh cua minh trgn thi trudng the gidi sau khi dugc Chinh phu hd trg lai s u i t kich clu.
Tic dqng den kha nang tao viec lam cua DN
Ben canh tac dung chinh la duy tri va phat trien hoat ddng san xua't kinh doanh, gdi hd trg lai s u i t kich cau cua Chinh phu cdn cd tac ddng manh me den sy bie'n d d n g lao ddng cua cac DN dugc s y hd trg Hi chinh sach nay, Theo ket qua khao sat cd dugc thi lao d d n g d cac D N cd su bien ddng rlt khac nhau d thdi diem quy IV/2008 va trudc khi hd trg lai s u i t so vdi sd Iao d d n g tai thdi dig'm thyc hien khao sat. So vdi quy IV/2008, tai thdi diem khao sat cd khoang 40% sd lugng DN cd sd lao ddng tang, khoang 40% DN cd so lao ddng khdng thay ddi va 21%
DN cd sd lao ddng giam. N h u vay so vdi quy IV/2008, tinh hinh tang sd lugng lao ddng d thdi diem cudi quy 11/2009 trgn dia ban thanh phd da cho tha'y nhung dau higu klia quan vg vln de gili quye't vigc lam va duy tri san x u l t kinh doanh cua DN.
So vcri thdi diem trudc khi dugc nhan hd trg lai s u i t , tai thdi diem k h i o sat cd 43,24"/o DN cd sd lao ddng tang, 45,95% DN cd sd Iao dgng khdng thay ddi va 10,81% DN cd sd lao d d n g giam. Mac du cd nhiing su bien d d n g khac nhau n h u vay nhung sd lucmg lao d g n g v l n cd xu hudng Tai chinh T H A N G 8/2009
BIEU OO 2; SLT THAY DOI SO LUQNG LAO DONGTRv.
tang ddi vdi cac DN dugc khao sat. Sd ligu cho thiy DN cd sd lao ddng giam trudc va sau khi nhan hd trg lai s u i t la rlt tha'p. Digu nay cting mdt p h i n nao cho tha'y tinh tich cue cua hd trg lai s u i t ddi vdi vigc giai quye't viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng. Sd lucmg lao ddng trung binh tang 10,7% so vdi quy IV/2008 va tang 8,31% so vdi thdi diem trudc khi dugc nhan hd trg lai suit ciia Chinh phu. N h u vay, cd the nhan dinh r i n g vigc nhan hd trg lai s u i t vd'n vay cua Chinh phii da tac dgng rat tich cyc den vigc giai quyet va duy tri viec lam chg ngudi lao ddng.
Theo kg't qua khao sat, p h i n 1cm cac DN dugc khao sat deu cd danh gia tich cyc ddi vcri chinh sach hd trg lai s u i t vdn vay trong van de duy tri viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng. Cu the cd 73,8% sd DN dugc k h i o sat danh gia la cd tac dung Heh cyc va 18,6% sd DN cho r i n g vigc hd trg vd'n vay cua Chinh phil la rlt Heh cyc trong v l n de duy Hi viec lam cua ngudi lao ddng.
Khdng cd DN nghiep nao cho r i n g gdi hd trg lai s u i t cua Chinh phu la cd tac dung Hgu cyc trong v l n de duy tri
lao ddng nhung van cd 7,6% cac DN cho r i n g viec hd trg vdn vay van khdng cd tac dung gi trong viec duy tri vigc lam cho ngudi lao ddng.
Tac dqng den tra lifo'ng va dong bao hiem xa hqi
Cimg vdi tac ddng lam tang sd lao ddng lam vigc tai cac DN, gdi kich clu hd trg lai s u i t ciia Chinh phu cdn gdp p h i n giai quyet van de tra lucmg va ddng bao hiem xa hdi (BHXH) cho ngudi lao ddng. Theo ket q u i khao sat thi sau khi dugc hd trg lai s u i t , cac DN da cai thien dang kg' tinh hinh tra luong va ddng BHXH. Cy the la sau khi dugc hd trg lai suit, sd lucmg cac DN tri dii luong va ddng dil BHXH da tang tir 77,3% Ign den 90,1%. Bgn canh dd sd lugng cac DN ng luong nhung da nop BHXH cung giam tir 1,2% xudng chi cdn 0,6%.
Dac biet la sau khi dugc hd trg lai s u i t khdng cdn mdt DN nao d trong tinh trang n g luong ciing n h u chua ddng BHXH cho ngudi lao ddng. Kg't qua trgn cho tha'y dugc higu qua tich cyc cua gdi hd trg lai s u i t cua Chinh phu.
Bang 4
TiNH HiNH TRA LiraNG VA BHXH T R l / a C VA SAU KHI B i r g c HO TRCT LAI SUAT Tru-ffc Ichi HTLS (%) Sau khi HTLS (%)
77,3 90,1 20,3 9,3 1,2 0,6 1,2 0 Tra dii l u e n g va dong dii BHXH
Tra dil lu-crng nhu'ng chira ddng du BHXH No* lUffng nhu'ng da nop BHXH No' lircyng va chu'a nop BHXH
Ket iudn
Gdi kich clu ciia Chinh phii ma cu the la chucmg trinh hd trg lai s u i t ddi vdi vd'n vay da cd nhiing tac ddng Heh cyc de'n cac DN tren dia ban Da Nang n h u gdp p h i n giam gia thanh san pham tir dd lam gilm gia ban s i n pham, tang siic canh tranh ciia DN tren thi trudng trong nudc va nudc ngoai, gdp p h i n dn dinh san x u l t - kinh doanh va duy tri viec lam cho ngudi lao ddng trong bdi canh khiing hoang kinh tg' va tai chinh the gidi.
Tuy nhign, ket qua khao sat ddi vdi cac DN Da N l n g cho tha'y tac ddng ciia gdi kich clu den hoat dgng ciia cac DN qua tdt, tao ra sy nghi ngd ve tinh trung thyc cua cudc khao sat.
Theo y kien cua chung tdi, cd the viec phieu khao sat dugc phat ra va thu hdi thdng qua cac chi nhanh ngan hang thuong mai tai thanh phd Da N l n g da cd tac ddng p h i n nao den nhan dinh cua DN. Tuy nhign, khdng the phu nhan dugc tac ddng tich cyc ciia gdi hd trg Iai s u i t den cac DN Hong bdi canh khd khan kinh te hign
nay. $ Tdi lieu tham khdo:
1. Bao cao tong ket 6 thang dau nam ciia Ngan hang Nha na&c, chi nhanh Da Nang.
2. Bao cao 6 thang dau nam cua Cue Thdng ke Da Ning.
3. Bao cao danh gia tac dong ciia chaang trinh hd tra lai suat von vay doi vai cac cic DN tren dia bin thanh phd Da Nang.
Tic gii: TS. Vo Thj Thuy Anh. ThS.
NguySn Quoc Khanh, Nguyen Viet Quoc, Bill Quang Trung.
Tai chinh THANG B/2OO9 27
