Tap ciii Cong tac Tin giao
I QUYEN THE NHAN VA PHAP NHAN TON GIAO dvIETNAM N H C N G V A N D E D A T B A
NGUYEN VAN BAC*
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ung vdi qua trinh thue hien cdng cupc ddi mdi dat nude, tien trinh luat phap tdn giao d Viet Nam da dat dUdc nhdng thanh tuu quan trpng, chinh sach tdn giao 6 Viet Nam Hep lyc dUdc khiing djnh va eu the hda, tao hanh lang phap 1^ cho eac hoat ddng tdn giao, bao dam quyen lU do niem tin tdn giao eua mpi ngudi. Quyen the nhan va phap nhan tdn giao d Viet Nam dupe the hien thdng qua cac van ban phap luat.Cae van ban phap lual lien quan den chinh saeh ton giao da cd tU trude khi ddi mdi, sau nam 1990, mpt su kien danh dau mdc quan trpng trong tien trinh luat phap ton giao d Viet Nam la Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hpi ban hanh Phap lenh Tin ngudng, tdn giao {PLTNTG) ngay 18-6-2004 vdi 6 ChUdng va 41 Dieu. Phap lenh da xac djnh ro quyen han va nghTa vy cda cac ca nhan, td chUc, trach nhiem cda cae cd quan quan 1^ nha nudc Irong viec bao dam quyen va nghia vy cda cac ca nhan. to chUc Irong hoat ddng tdn giao. Tiep theo dd. Thd tudng Chinh phd da ban hanh Chi thj sd 01/CT-TTg Ve mpt so cdng tac ddi vdi dao Tin lanh ngay 4-2-2005;
va gan day nhat, thang 12-2012, Chinh phd da ban hanh Nghi djnh 92/ND-CP Quy dinh chi tiel va bien phap thi hanh PLTNTG. Day dupe xem la nhUng van ban quan trpng trong iual phap ton giao d Viel Nam hien nay. cung vdi do la viec ghi nhan nhiJng quyen cda nhung ngudl cd niem lin tdn giao cung nhu eua cae id ehUc tdn giao.
1. Quyen the nhan tdn giao
The nhan ton giao cd nhung quyen ve
* Vien Nghien cuu Ton gido • Vien lidn tdm Khoa hoc Xd hgi Viet Nam
dan su. chinh trj. kinh te va vSn hda, trong 36 quyen tu do tdn giao la mpt trong nhiJTig quyen quan trpng nhat. Quyen lU do ton giao dupe phan tich dUdl nhieu khia canh, bao gdm quyen tU do lUa chpn niem lin ton giao va quyen tu do bleu Id niem tin tdn giao. 6 Viet Nam hien nay, mpt the nhan ton giao c6 quyen tU do Ion giao, dUdc the hien qua tien trinh cda Ijch sd" Cach mang Viet Nam thdng qua dudng ldi, chinh sach phap luat cua Dang va Nha nudc.
Trudc Cach mang thang Tam nam 1945, du khdng de cap thudng xuyen den van de Ion giao, nhUng trong cae tac pham: DUdng Kach menh, Chinh cUdng, Sach lUdc van lai (1930), Luan cUdng Chinh trj (1930), da it nhieu chu ^ den van de tdn giao. GS. Do Quang Hung trong mpi cudn sach cd de cap den su quan lam. cua mpi sd lanh dao Irong Dang ve va'n de tdn giad: "Mac du giai doan tri/dc 1945. nhdng ngudi each mang Viet Nam CO moi ban tam Idn nhat la cugc dau tranh gianh doc lap dan tge, chong chCi ngh^
thuc dan nhung khong it nhOng nha lanh dao Dang CSVN da co duac nhCfng quan diSm dUng d^n vugt troi ve ton giao, dieu ma trong phong trao cgng san va cong nhan qu6c te lOc do khong phai dang cgng sin n^o cOfig CO duac" ^'\
Quyen tU do tdn giao (lu do lUa chpn niem tin ton giao va lu do bieu 16 niem lin tdn giao) dUdc phap lual Viel Nam nhin nhan rd rang.
Hd Chi Minh dUdc xem la ngUdi "dat nen tang luat phap ton giao a nudc ta"'", Ngay trong phien hop dau tien cda nudc Viet Nam Dan chd Cpng hoa, trong 6 nhiem vy cap bach dupc neu ra tai Hdi nghi Ngudi da keu gol:
"Thuc dan Phap va phong kien tim each ch/a re dong bao giao va dong bao luang di cai
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tii, tot de nghi Chinh phO ta tuyen bo tin ngudng tudo, luang giao doan ket""K
Sac lenh 234/SL da quy djnh lU "dam bao tu do tin ngudng va tu do thd cung, quyen theo ho$c khong theo mot ton giao nao" den nhung van de nhu hoat dpng kinh le, van hda, xa hdi cda cac ton giao; den van de rudng dat ton giao, quan he giOfa chinh quyen vdi Ion giao... Trong dd. Sac lenh neu rd:
"Chinh phu dam bao quyen tu do tin ngudng, tu do thd ciing cOa nhan d§n. Khong ai duac xam pham quyen tu do ay. Mot ngudi Viet Nam deu co quyen tu do theo mgt ton giao hoac khong theo mgt ton giao nao"^*'.
Trong qua trinh ddi mdi ehinh sach ton giao 6 Viet Nam, Nghj quyet 24-NQ/TW ngay 16-10-1990 cda Bp Chinh trj khda VI Ve tang cudng cong tac ton giao trong tinh hinh mdi la dau mdc md dau "mang linh dpt pha"'*' ve ddi mdi nhan thu'c cda Dang va Nha nude. Nghj quyet khing djnh: "Tin ngudng, ton giao la nhu cau tinh than cOa mgt bd phan nhan dan dang va se ton tai cung din tge trong qua trinh xiy dung chd nghla xa hgi d nudc ta";
Dang va Nha nUde ta "thuc hien nhat quan chinh sach ton trgng va bao dam quyen tudo tin ngudng, theo hoac khong theo mdt ton giao nao, quyen sinh hoat ton gtao binh thudng theo dung phap luat. Cac tdn giao hoat dong trong khudn kho phap luat, binh ding trudc phap luaV'^K
Hien phap 1992, van ban ed tinh phap ly cao nhal cda Nha nudc tai Dieu 70 da ghi rd:
"Cdng dan ed quyen lU do tin ngUdng, ton giao, Iheo hoac khdng Iheo mpt tdn giao nao.
Cac Idn giao deu binh dang trUde phap luaf
^K Hidn nay. lai Dieu 24 (ChUdng 11) eda Hien phap nam 2013 neu rd: " 1 . (Viol ngudi cd quyen lU do tin ngudng, tdn giao, theo hoac khdng Iheo mpi tdn giao nao. Cac tdn giao binh dang trUdc phap luat. 2. Nha nude tdn trpng va bao hp quyen tu do tin ngUdng, tdn giao. 3. Khdng ai dUdc xam pham lU do Ifn ngUdng, Idn giao hoac ldi dung lin ngudng, ton giao de vi pham phap lual"'*'.
Nhu vay. quyen eon ngudi trong Hien phap 2013 la mpi budc lien quan trpng Irong lidn trinh luat phap hda cac hoat dpng ton
giao d Viet Nam. Khai niem "cdng dan" trong cac ban Hien phap IrUdc dd dUdc thay the bang khai niem "mpi ngudi". Khai niem cdng dan la mpt pham tru phap ly, chi nang lUc dan su cda ngudl dan va moi quan he giufa cdng dan vdi nha nudc. Tuy nhien, khdng phai quyen cong dan trung kbit vdi quyen con ngudi. Do dd, khai niem "mpi ngudi" bao gdm ea nhung ngudi cd tu each cdng dan va khdng cd tU each cdng dan va ghi nhan "mpi ngUdl" ed quyen tu do niem tin. Ion giao da md rpng ddi tUdng hudng quyen nay.
Mpt van ban gay chd y cho du luan Irong nudc va qudc le dd la PLTNTG (2004) da the hien quan diem, ehinh sach eda Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam trong viec bao dam quyen tu do niem lin Ion giao. Phap lenh khang djnh: "Cdng dan co quyen tu do tin ngudng, ton giao. theo hoac khdng theo mdt ton giao nao. Nha nudc dam bio quySn ti/do tin ngudng. tdn giao cOa cong dan. Khong ai dUdc xam pham quyen tt/ do ay. Cac tdn giao deu binh ding trudc phap luat. Cong dan cd tin ngudng. ton giao ho$c khdng cd tin ngudng tdn giao cung nhU cong dan co tin ngudng, ton giao khac nhau phai tdn trgng lin nhau"'^^K
Dac biet gan day nhal, Nghj djnh 92/2012/NO-CP Quy djnh chi tiet va bien phap thi hanh PLTNTG eda Chinh phd da cd nhung budc cu Ihe hda quyen tu do lin ngudng, Ion giao cda cdng dan, tU cac hoat dpng tin ngudng, viec quan ly cac to chLTc tdn giao, quan he qudc le cda cac lo ehUc tdn giao, nha lu hanh, chUe sac, tin do...
Ben canh viec dam bao quyen lU do tdn giao cda mpi ngudi ndi chung va llie nhan tdn giao ndi rieng. ehi'nh sach phap luat cda Dang va Nha nUdc Viet Nam cung ghi nhan quyen cdng dan cda cae ca nhan, ehUc sac.
nha tu hanh eo niem lin ton giao: "C/iti'c sic, nha tu hanh va cdng din cd tin ngudng, tdn giao dUdc hUdng mgi quyin cdng dan va cd trach nhiem thuc hien nghTa VU cdng dan"'"'K Cd nghTa la vdi lu each la cdng dan, nhUng the nhan tdn giao cd cac quyen ldi chinh trj, kinh te, van hda xa hdi cda cdng dan va dUdc cy the hda Irong cac van ban phap lual cda he thdng Lual Dan
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Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao su nhU: Lual Giao due (2005), Luat Bao ve,cham sdc va giao due tre em (2004), Luat Dal dai (2009)... Ben canh dd, cac chi^fe sac, nha lu hanh vdi tucach cdng dan dUdc Nha nUde Viet Nam khuyen khich to chUe boat dpng giao dye, y te. tU thien nhan dao theo quy dinh eda phap luat'^^'.
Mpt khia canh quan trong nUa trong viec dam bao quyen tu do tdn giao (quyen the nhan Ion giao) ia Nha nude Viet Nam dam bao sinh hoat tdn giao binh thudng cda nhCfng nhdm ed cung niem tin ton giao thdng qua viec dang ky hoat dpng cda cae nhdm tdn giao. Viee dang ky hoat dpng cda eac nhdm Idn giao tao dieu kien Ihuan idi eho cac nhdm hoat dpng sinh hoai Ion giao eda minh mpt each thuan ldi trong khudn khd eda phap luat. Va day cung la mpt trong budc cdng nhan id chUc tdn giao d Viel Nam (dang ky hoat ddng va cdng nhan ve mat id chUe).
2. Quyen phap nhan ton giao
O Viet Nam, viec cong nhan to chUe tdn giao dugc thuc hien theo hai budc, tU viec cho cac to ChUc tdn giao dang ky hoat dpng den viec cdng nhan ve mat lo chUc. CiJng vdi nhCfng id chUc ton giao dupc cong nhan lU trUde khi cd Phap lenh den nay, Viel Nam cd 13 ten giao, 37 td ehUe tdn giao va 01 phap mdn lu hanh dupe cdng nhan"^'.
Van de quyen cda cac nhdm Idn giao khi dUdc cdng nhan ve mat td chUc cung dupe Ihe hien Irong luat phap Ion giao d Viel Nam.
trong dd true Hep ban ve van de quyen sd huu iai san va quyen nhan danh minh tham gia cac quan he phap luat dan su.
- Ve quyen so hUu tai sin:
Quy djnh cua Phap lenh: "Tii san hgp phap thudc Cd sd tin ngudng, tdn giio dUdc phap luat bao hg, nghiem cam viec xam pham tai sin do". TU mpt sd quy dinh cda phap luat hien hanh nhU PLTNTG (2004), Lual Dat dai (2003) eho thay cac id chUe tori giao cd quyen quan ly va suf dung dai, day la mpi trong nhung tai san eda td chUe tdn giao va dat dai tdn giao dUdc Nha nudc giao che va khdng tliu tien stf dung dat. Dal dai tdn giao bao gdm:
"1. Oat CO cac cong trinh do cd sd tdn
giao sCf dung gdm dat thupc ehua, nha Ihci.
thanh that, thanh dudng, lu vien, Irudng dao lao nhufng ngudi chuyen hoat ddng Ion giao.
tru sd cua id chUc ton giao, cae cd sd khac cda tdn giao dUdc Nha nudc cho phep hoat dpng, dUde sd" dung dn dinh lau dai.
2. Dat cd cac cdng trinh la dinh, den, mieu, am, tU dudng, nha thd hpdUdesif dung dn djnh lau dai". (Dieu 27, PLTNTG, 2004).
Theo quy dmh cda Lual Dal dai nam 2003, ngUdi sCf dung dat Ihupe: "Cd sd Ion giao gdm chua, nha thd. thanh that, thanh dUdng, lu vien, trudng dao tao rieng eda ton giao. Iru sd cda id chUc Idn giao va cac cd sa khac cda tdn giao dUdc Nha nude cong nhan quyen suf dung dat hoac giao dat" (Dieu 9).
Cac id chUe tdn giao, cdng ddng dan ci/
sd" dyng dat cd cae quyen va nghTa vu quy djnh tai Dieu 105 va Dieu 107 cda Luat Dat dai (2003)'"!. Va Dieu 117 cung quy djnh: "Ca sd tdn giao, cgng dong din cu sCt dting dat khdng duoc chuyen d6i. chuyen nhUdng, cho thue, tang cho quyen sC dijng dat; khdng dUdc the chap, bao lanh, gdp vdn bhng quyen s& dijng dat".
Mpt van de quan trpng nQa lien quan den tai san dat dai la giay chung nhan quyen sijf dyng dat Tai Dieu 48, Luat Dat dai quy djnh:
"Gii'y chCmg nhan quyin st} dtjng da't difdc cap theo tUng thCta dat; trudng hdp thi^a dat thugc quyen sOt dung chung cua cd sd tdn giao thi gii'y chiing nhin quyin sCf dcing da't dUdc cap cho cd sd tdn giao vi trao cho ngudi co trach nhiem cao nha't cua cd sd ton giao dd".
- Ve cac to ChUc tdn giao nhan danh minli tham^ gia cic quan he phip luat, ehd yeu la quyen dUdc tham gia vao cae hoat dpng cdng lac xa hpi cpng ddng cda cac td chUe tdn giao cung dupe PLTNTG khang djnh:
^ ^Nha nude khuyen khich va tao dieu kl§n de to chUc Ion giao tham gia nudi day tre em CO hoan canh dae biel; hd Ird ed sd cham soc sUc khoe ngudi ngheo, ngudi tan tat, ngUdl nhiem HlV/AlDS, benh nhan phong, lam than; hd trd phat then cae cd sd giao due mam non va tham gia cac hoai ddng khac vi mue dich lU thien nhan dao phu hdp vdi hien
So 5-20/5
Tap cdi Cong tac Ton giao a , ' w ; i i : i ; i . i i i i t ( : w i . i . i J i
ChUdng, dieu le cda t d chUe ton giao va quy djnh cda phap lual" (Dieu 33).
Qua trinh thuc hien chinh sach ton giao d Viel Nam thdi gian qua cd the thay quyen l u do ton giao cda mpi ngUdl dupc dam bao, ddi sdng Ion giao ngay cang dUdc quan tarn.
Quyen t u do ton giao la mpt Irong nhCfng quyen cd ban. quan trpng cda the nhan tdn glad Dang va Nha nudc V i e l Nam dam bao quyen l u do ton giao cda mpi ngUdi, cae nhdm, td chUc ton giao dUde dang ky hoat dpng va cdng nhan ve mat td ehUe. Khi ndi ve quyen tU do tdn giao tdn giao, dng N g u y i n v a n PhUdng cho rang: "Neu coi tu do tdn giao la dugc tu do di nhi thd, chua,... thi ngudi din da cd quyen tU do tdn giao theo phap luit hien hanh"^"K
Theo nhOfng thd'ng ke eda Ban Tdn giao Chinh p h d " * ' , ddi sdng ton giao d Viet Nam khdng nhufng tang ve sd lupng ma cdn ve chat lupng, hoat dpng qudc te eda cae to chUc tdn giao cijng dupe dam bao. Hang loat cae cd sd tdn giao dupc tu b d , xay mdi, sCfa chCfa ke ea trong va ngoai nude. Viee cae ea nhan, i d chu'c tdn giao tham gia vao eac hoat ddng cdng tac xa hpi, hoat dpng vi cpng ddng (y te, giao due, tU thien...) dUdc khuyen khich. dng hp. Chinh nhCfng dieu do da dap Ung nhu cau sinh hoat tdn giao eda ddng dao ddng bao cd niem tin ton giao,
3. NhCfng v a n de dat ra
C d the thay, quyen the nhan va phap nhan Idn giao la mpt trong nhUng pham trd phap ly, mdi quan he giCfa ehung lien quan den mpi mat cua ddi sdng ea nhan va xa hpi, hay ndi rpng h d n , day la mdi quan he giu'a ton giao - nha nUdc - xa hpi. Viee eong nhan t u each phap nhan eua eac td chUc ton giao, cung d d la viec quyen the nhan va phap nhan tdn giao dUdc phap luat cdng nhan va dam bao.
Q u y e n the nhan va phap nhan tdn giao dUdc the hieri dudi hai dang IhUc ca nhan va cpng ddng, 6 dang thu'c ca nhan dd la cae quyen dan sU, chfnh t n . van hda. kinh l e ; d dang IhUe cpng d d n g do la cac quyen ve sd hijfu tai san. nhan d a n h minh Iham gia cae quan he phap lual mpt each dpc lap. Ca hai
dang thUc nay quyen tU do ton giao la mpt trong nhung quyen quan trpng nhat. Van de quyen the nhan va phap nhan ton giao ndi chung chd yeu xung quanh van de lU do tdn giao, van de tai san tdn giao va tham gia vao cac quan he phap lual. O Viet Nam con cd nhung quan diem khac nhau ve quyen the nhan va phap nhan ton giao va de xac dinh rd quyen nay can phai linh den nhieu van de cd lien quan va nhufng cau hoi dUde dat ra n h u :
Thi^nhi't, quyen the nhan ton giao. Trong Hien phap, PLTNTG va cac van ban phap luat khae deu k h i n g djnh quyen t u do tdn giao cda nhan dan. Neu hieu quyen tU do ton giao la mpi ngudi deu cd quyen lUa chpn niem tin ton giao va thuc hanh niem tin Ion giao dd cda minh trong khuon khd, pham vl cda phap luat, thi d Viet Nam da cd quyen t u do tdn giao va dUde phap luat bao dam.
Tuy nhien, cd mdt va'n de dat ra la nhu'ng ngudl thupc ve nhdm, t d chUe ton giao dupe phep dang ky hoat dpng va dUdc cdng nhan ve mat i d chUc (cd day dd cau true cda mpt tdn giao - niem tin, thuc hanh va cpng ddng), dUdc dam bao quyen tU do niem tin tdn giao, sinh hoat tdn giao trong cpng ddng tdn giao cda minh. eon cac hien tUdng "tam Ilnh can tdn giao""*', cac "hien tUdng tdn giao m d i " ' " ' , ma d dd cac ca nhan cd niem tin tdn giao vao eai thieng, vao the gidi thieng, nhUng nhCfng hien tupng dd khdng cd day dd eac dieu kien dSng ky hoat dpng hoac dang ky cdng nhan, thi nhung ngudl thupc cac hien tUdng "tam linh can ten giao" va "hien lUdng tdn giao mdi" CO dupc dam bao l u do lUa chpn va thuc hanh niem lln cda minh. Neu ed dupc dam bao quyen t u do niem tin Ion giao, thi vlec quan ty hoat dpng cda cac nhdm nay se nhU the nao, de dam bao quyen t u do cda hp ma khdng anh hUdng den trai tu, an ninh cdng cpng? Day la mpt bai toan can tinh den.
ThU hai, l u each phap nhan cda cac i d chUe tdn giao. Nha nude Viet Nam IhUc hien
"cong nhan to chUe tdn giao", khi dd cae i d ehUc ton giao dUdc cdng nhan cd lU each phap nhan hay chi cdng nhan linh hdp phap cda cac to ehUe ten giao? Khi cdng nhan td ChUc Idn giao, phai chang da thUa nhan hai
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Tap chi Cong tac Ton giaoehd the quyen ldi la the nhan va phap nhan tdn giao? Ro rang rang, day la van de phap ly lien quan den viec quan ly hoat dong cda cac id chUe ton giao va lai san ton giao, cung nhu nhufng quyen ldi khac ve kinh te, xa hpi, van hda... cda cae t d chUc ton giao d Viet Nam.
ThU ba, t u each phap nhan cda cac td chUc ton giao la phap nhan gi? Cac t d chUc tdn giao cd dupc xem la phap nhan, hiep hpi dan sU hay la mpt phap nhan "dac biet"?
Nhu'ng ngUdl cd niem lln Ion giao cd dupe phep Ihanh lap cac hiep hpi van hda, tU thien (khdng dua tren ca'u true eda mpt tdn giao) va dupc cdng nhan t u each phap nhan khdng?
Vi chi nhu vay chdng ta mdi xac djnh ro eac quyen cua phap nhan ton giao nhu quyen sd hCfu lai san, quyen tham gia vao cac quan he phap luat dan su nhu tham gia vao cac hoat dpng y te, giao due, tU thien . •
Chu t h i c h :
1 Xem 0 6 Quang Hung (2010), "May y kien cda Le Hdng Phong ve van de ton giao", trong cudn "Nghien cUu ton giao, nhan vat va su kien". NXB Tong hop Tp. HCM, tai ban lan I, tr 56.
2. DP Quang Hung, "Ho Chi Minh va nen tang luat phap ton giao d nudc ta", Tap chi Nghien cUu Ton giao, sd 3, 2002. tr. 3-13.
3. Hd Chi Mmh, Toan tap, tap 4, Nxb, Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Noi, 2000. tr. 17.
4. Chd tjch nudc Viet Nam Dan chd Cong hoa.
Sac lenh sd 234/SL, ngay 14-6-1955.
5. Do Quang Hung, "Van de ton giao trong cac Van kien Dai hoi lan thU X cda Dang: Cai da co va cai can co", trong cudn: "Nghien cUu ton giao: Nhan vat & Su kien", Nxb. TH TP. Hd Chi Minh. 2010, tr. 348-357*
6. Dang CSVN. VSn kien Dai hpi Dai bieu lan thUVll.Nxb. SUthat, Ha Npi. 1991, tr. 127-128.
7. Ban TGCP, Cac v3n ban cda Nha nude ve hoat dpng ton giao, Ha Noi, 1997, tr. 7.
8. Qudc hoi nuPc CHXHCNVN, Hien phap nudc CHXHCNVN. ngay 28-11-2013.
9 Uy ban Thudng vu Quoc Hoi, PLTNTG, Sd 21/2004/PL-UBTVQH11.
10. Uy ban Thudng vu Qude Hoi, PLTNTG. Sd 21/2004/PL-UBTVQH.
11. Oy ban Thudng vu Qude Hpi, PLTNTG, Sd
21/2004/PL-UBTVQH
12 http://btgcp.gov.vn/Plus.aspx/vi/News/38/0/
240/0/1457/Ve_viec_dang_ky_hoat_dong_va cong_nhan_to_chuc_ton_giao.
13. Dieu 105. Quyen ehung cda ngUdi sCf dgng dat.
14 Dudc cap giay chUng nhSn quyen si!f dyng da't.
15. Hudng thanh qua lao dpng, ket qua dauti/
tren dat.
16. Hudng cac ldi leh do eong trinh cda Nha nudc ve bao ve. cai tao dat nong nghiep.
17. Dupe Nha nUde hUdng dlin va giup dd trong viec cai tao, bdi bd dat nong nghiep, - DANH MUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. W. Cole Durham, JR (2007). Tien trinh va bor canh hien tai cda luat phap ton giao tai Dong Nam A: Mpt each nhin so sanh. Tap cht Nghien cUu Ton giao, sd 1.
2. Nguyen Oang Dung, Vu Cong Giao, La Khanh Tung (ddng ehu bien-2011), Giao trinh ly luan va phap luat ve quyen con ngudi, Nxb. Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi, Ha Npi.
3. Nguy§n Hdng Duong (2014), Tiep tucddimdl ehinh saeh ve ton giao d Viet Nam hien nay - NhCfng van de iy luan cd ban, Nxb. V3n hoa Thong tin va Vien Van hda. Ha Noi.
4. Nguyin Hdng Giao (2004), "Vai nhan djnh ve PLTNTG", Tap chi Cong giao va Dan tpc, sd 1,471, tu 20-26-8-2004.
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6. DP Quang Hung (2002), Hd Chi Mmh va nen tang luat phap ton giao d nude ta. Tap ciii Nghien cUu Ton giao, sd 3.
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Nhan vat & S u kien. Nxb. TH TR Hd Chi Minh.
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