l l l l l OAUTU'-PHATTRIEN
QUA TRINH PHAT TRiiN HE T H 6 N G MANG C A N G
HANG KHONG - SAN BAY VIET NAM
Tom tdt: Bdi bdo trinh bdy tong quan ve gud tnnh Jiinh thdnh vd phdt trien cua he thong cdng hdng khong - sdn bay (CHK-SB) a Viet Nam. Hien trang mang CHK-SB sau quyit dinh so 9n/1997/Trg ngdy 24/10/1997phe duypt quy hoach phdt trien he thong sdn bay todn quoc vd Quyet dinh so 21/
QD- TTg ngdy 08/01/2009 phe duyet Quy hogch phdt trien giao thong van tdi hdng khong giai dogn den nam 2020 vd dinh hudng den nam 2030.
Vdn de hieu chinh he thong mang CHK-SB theo timg giai doan Id tdt yen. Bdi bdo ciing da neu phucmg huang hodn thien quy hogch vd dinh huang phdt trien mgng CHK-SB a Viet nam den ndm 2030.
Tie khoa: Cdng hdng khong, sdn bay Viet Nam, mgng cdng hdng khong, he thong cdng hdng khong, sdn bay.
Abstract: The article presents an overview of the process of formation and development of the system of airports- aerodromes. The current state ofthe network following the decision of CHK-SB 911/1997/TTg on 24/10/1997 approve the development plan the national airports-aerodromes system and decision No. 21/QD-TTg dated 8 January 2009 approval ofthe development plan of transportation aviation by 2020 and orientation to 2030.
Problem editing network system CHK-SB as each stage is necessary. The article also stated the direction to development orientation of network planning complete airports and aerodromes in Vietnam to 2030.
Keywords: Airports, Aerodrome, network airports, system of airports and aerodromes.
1. KHAI NIEM VE CANG HANG K H 6 N G V A SAN BAY
1.1. S^n bay (Aerodrome): San bay la mpt khu viic xac dinh tren mat dat hoac mat nude bao gom cong trinh va trang thiet bi duac dung mpt phan hay toan bp cho may bay bay den, bay di va di chuyen.
1.2. Cang hang khong
(Airport): Gang hang khong la Ichu vuc xae dinh, bao gom san bay, nha ga, trang thiet bi va eae eong trmh can thiet khac duye su dung eho may bay di, den va thuc hien cong viec van ehuyen hang khong.
2. CHIJFC NANG CUA CANG HANG KHONG, SAN BAY Toan bp cac Gang hang khong (GHK) va san bay (SB) dan
TS. NGUYEN DUY D 6 N G Hpc vien Ky thugt Qudn su ThS. PHAM VAN Tdl Hpi KHCN Hang khdng Viet Nam
KS. TRAN CdNG VUI CdngtyAEC
dung (DD) tren lanh tho Viet Nam (VN) tao thanh mang CHK - SB dan dung toan quoc.
Trong quy hoach mang Gang hang khong san bay dan dung toan quoc theo quyet dinh so 911/1997/QD-TTg nudc ta co 52 CHK SB DD trong mang quy hoach, trong d6 eo 28 SB ca ban con gpi la eang hang khong va 24 SB dich vu con gpi la san bay.
Hien nay, ta co the phan bifit cac loai SB vdi eac ehiic nang nhu sau:
2.1. San bay cff ban: La cdc san bay dap iing dSy du cae nhu cau van chuyen hanh khach (HK), hang hoa (HH) va co luu luyng van chuyen HK Idn han 25.000 HK/nam. Loai san bay nay thudng CO ke hoaeh bay thudng ki va duyc gpi la CHK.
2.2. San bay dich vu: La cac SB c6 s6 khaeh duoi 25.000 HK/
nam nhJm dap dng mgt so nhu eau khac nhu: Dich vu y te, cim try nhan dao, phong ehong thien tai; Hu5n luyen, the thao cho cae cau lae bp hang khong; Bay phuc vu cae dich vu taxi; dich vu chup anh, tham do khoang san, v.v...
Loai SB nay khdng co lich bay thudng Id cho loai may bay canh bang va loai SB nay trung hop S6 9 nam 2017 1
DAUTU'-PHATTRIEN aaaaa vai khai niem san bay hon.
3. VAI N E T VE LICH S f NGANH HANG K H d N G D A N D U N G V I E T NAIM - Ngay 31-12-1954: Ta bSt dSu lam chu san bay Gia lam va dieu hanh bay tu vT tuy^n 17 trd ra phia Bac.
Ngay 03-3-1955, Bp qudc phong thanh lap BAN NGHIEN c t r u SAN BAY.
- Ngay 15-01-1956: Thu tuong Chinh phu ra Nghi dinh thanh lap cue Hang khong dan dung (HKDD) Viet Nam.
3.1. Giai doan tir 1956 den 1975
- Ta eo mgt he thong SB mien Bac gom: Gia Lam, Npi Bai, Bach Mai, Gat Bi, Na San, Dien Bien, Lang San, Vinh, Ddng Hai.
- Dpi bay gom co cae may bay cua Lien xo cu nhu: IL-2; IL-14;
AN-2; AN-24; AK-40;TY-134;
IL18...
- Trong giai doan nay nganh HKDD VN mpt luc ddng thdi liim 3 chiic nang: Ca quan chiic nang quan ly nha nude; La don vi bp dpi Iam kinh te; Doanh nghiep kinh doanh van tai hang khong;
- Nganh HKDD trong giai doan nay da thuc hien: Van chuyen HK, HH, buu kien trong nuoc va quoc te; bay ehuyen ea; van tai quan su; bay phuc vu nong lam nghiep; du Iieh; phue vu y tg v.v...
3.2. Giai floan tir 1975 d^n 1990:
- Ngay 11-02-1976 Thii tuang Chinh phli ra Nghi dinh so 28- GP vh viec thanh lap Tdng cue
I So 9 nam 2017
HKDD. Theo do, Tdng cue HKDD la ca quan tiyc thuoc Chi'nh phli nhung ve mat to chuc quan ly va chi dao, nganh HKDD v i n true thugc Bp Quoc phdng.
- Khi tiep quan mien Nam, vdi mgt he thong GHK, SB va may bay do My de lai lam tang them sure manh ve ea sd ha ting cua nganh HKDD.
- Cung voi cac SB a mien Bae, nganh HKDD co them cac CHK, SB do My dkn tu xay dung tuong doi day du eho hoat dgng cua nganh HKDD nhu:
Pini Bai, Da Ning, Chu Lai, Qui Nhan, Playku, Lien Khuang, Nha Trang, Vijng Tau, Tan Son Nhat, Rach Gia, Ca Mau, Gon Son, Phli Quoc, Buon Ma Thupt, Can Tho v.v...
- Llic nay, nganh HKDD c6 them nhieu may bay do My de lai nhu:
D C - 3 ; D C 4 ; B 7 0 7 ; C - 1 3 0 . . . - Nganh HKDD trong giai doan nay van thue hien eae chiic nang noi tren nhung dong thdi la giai doan doi mdi tim dudng but pha thanh mpt nganh kinh te doi ngoai quan trpng eua Nha nuac.
3.3. Giai doan tu-1990 den nay
• Ngay 29-8-1989, theo Nghi dinh 112-HDBT ciia Hgi dong Bg trudng, nganh HKDD da tach khoi Bp Quoc phdng true thupc HDBT va trd thanh mpt nganh kinh te ky thuat quan trpng eua dat nuac. Quyet dinh 225/CT v/v thanh lap Tong cong ty HKVN thuc hien ehiic nang van tai hang khdng va eac dich vu hang khong khae.
Ngay 12-5-1990, HDBT ra Nghi dinh s6 151/HDBT thanh lap Vu Hang khong true thuge Bp Giao thong Van tai va Buu
dien.
- Ngay 30-6-1992, theo Nghi dinh so 242/HDBT giai the Vu Hang khong thanh lap Cue HKDD VN true thupc Bp Giao thong Van tai va Buu dien.
- Ngay 27-5-1995, Thu tuong Vd Van Kiet ky QB s6 328/TTg ve viec thanh lap Tong cong ty HKVN theo mo hinh cong ty 91.
Tir do den nay nganh HKDD van tiep tuc doi mdi ve to chiic, ea che boat dpng nham dap iing vdi eong cupe doi mdi eua nen kinh te nudc ta, hpi nhap vdi Hang khong khu vuc va the giai de chiing ta eo dupc mo hinh nganh nhu ngay hom nay.
4. QUA TRINH HINH TIIANH MANG CANG H A N G K H 6 N G - S A N BAY 4.1. Trirdfc 1975. HSu h6t cac GHK-SB Clia ca hai mien deu uu tien phuc vu chien tranh.
- 6 mien Bae. Go cae san bay;
Gia Lam, Bach Mai, Ngi Bai, Cat Bi va Kien An, Yen Bai, Hoa Lac, Dien Bien, Na San, Sao Vang, Vinh va Dong Hdi. Trong do cac san bay phuc vu bay quan su la chu yeu, c6 mpt so san bay c6 boat dgng dan dung nhu: Ngi Bai, Gia Lam, Dien Bien, Na San va Cat Bi.
- 6 mien Nam. Go eac san bay:
Tan San Nhat, Bien Hda, Da Lat (Lien khuong), Playku, Ban Me Thupt, Da Ndng, Phan Rang, Phli Bai, Nha Trang, Gam Ranh, Qui Nhon, Raeh Gia, Can Tho, Ga Mau, Phii Quoc, Con Scm va rat nhieu eac san bay da chien bai dau true thang ... do ngudi My xay dung de phue vu chien tranh.
4.2. Tir nam 1975 den 1990
Diyj^fliKa
l l l l l BAUTLf-PHATTRieN Tir 1975, dit nuoc thong nhat, chung ta ti6n hanh trien khai mpt he th6ng CHK, SB toan quoc nhung do quan dpi lam chu, dSn ngay 29/8/1989, nghi dinh 112/HDBT tach nganh HKDD ra khoi Bo Qu6c phong thanh mpt nganh kinh \k ky thuat true thupc Hpi a6ng BO truiing nay la Chmh phii.
Nha CO su tro giup cua ICAO/
UNDP nganh Hang khong dan dung da CO cac du an tai trp nham khoi phuc lai FIR H6 chi Minh va nang cao ky thuat nghiep vu hang khong (VlE-78-002;
VIE 79-001; VIE-84004; VIE- 84005; VIE-88023; RAS-93- 101; VIE- 8909; VIE-89010...).
Co so ha tang ky thuat cac CHK, SB dupc nang cap dang ke; He th6ng quan ly hoat dpng bay dupc hien dai hoa ngang tam voi cac nuac trong khu vuc; Trinh dp chuyen mon, nghiep vu ciia dpi ngii can bp nhan vien Hang khong duac cap nhsit kien thiic m6i va chung ta da mo them nhi§u duong bay quoc te.
4.3. Tir 1990 flen nay - Hmh thanh de an quy hoach mang: 1992 dSn 1993 - Tir 1994 trign khai de an quy hoach mang CHK - SB dan dvmg toan quoc.
- Phe duyet de an quy hoach phat trien he thong san bay toan quoc bJng quySt dinh sa 911/1997/
QD-TTg ngay 24 thang 10 nam 1997.
- Di8u chinh quy hoach mang 2004-2006 duoc thS hien trong
"Quy hoach phat trien giao thong van tai hang khong giai doan dSn 2020 va dinh huong din 2030" duac Thu tudng Chinh phli phe duyet tai Quyet
iliil©
dinh so 21/2009/QD-TTg, ngay 08/01/2009".
4.4. Danh gia chung. Den nay, ta da CO mpt he thong CHK-SB tuong doi hoan chinh.
- Chiing ta co mpt he thong CHK, SB CO cto tnic TRUC - NAN HOA. Co ba CHK ldn cua ba miln ddng thoi la CHK qudc tl: Ndi Bai, Da N5ng, Tan San Nhk
- Tao thanh cac true bay B4C - Trung - Nam. Ben canh ba CHK qudc tl c6 ba CHK du bi la Cat Bi, Chu Lai, Long Thanh tao thanh ba trung tam gom tu va tir day cd cac dudng bay di cac san bay dia phuang nhu cac nan hoa xe dap. Din nay, ve co ban chiing ta da hoan thanh va dua vao khai thac CHK Cat Bi va Chu Lai. Cdn CHK Long thanh hien dang tich cue chuan bi cho viec khdi cdng xiiy dung.
5. DINH HirdNG PHAT TRIEN IMANG CANG HANG KH6NG-'SANBAY Trong quylt dinh sd 21/QD-TTg ngay 08 thang 01 nam 2009 phe duydt "Quy hoach phat triln giao thdng van tai hang khdng giai doan den nam 2020 tam nhin 2030" chi dilu chinh he thdng cang hang khdng v^ cac san bay dua vao hoac dua ra he khdi thing cang hang khdng, khdng dilu chinh he thdng san bay va san bay quan su cho thay:
5.1. Din nam 2020 Mang CHK din nam 2020 dupc quy ho^ch tren quan diem lay Ha Npi, Da Ning, TP Hd Chl Minh la 03 dilm gom tu luu lupng HK, hang hda dl ndi vdi cac dudng bay npi dia va qudc te. Theo quy hoach, din nam 2020, chiing ta cd 27 CHK dugc dua vao khai
thac, sir dung, trong dd cd 10 CHK qudc tl (CHKQT) la Npi Bai, Cat Bi, Phu Bai, Da Ning, Chu Lai, Cam Ranh, Tan Son Nhat, Long Thanh, CSn Tho, Phli Qudc va 17 CHK ndi dia (CHKND) la Dien Bien Phu, Na San, Lao Cai, Quang Ninh, Gia Lam, Vinh, Ddng Hdi, Thanh Hda, Phu Cat, Tuy Hda, Pleiku, Budn Ma Thupt, Lien Khuong, Rach Gia, Ca Mau, Cdn Son, Vung Tau.
Phan chia cang hang khdng theo khu virc:
- Khu vyc phia Bic gdm 10 CHK:
02 CHKQT va 08 CHKND.
Khu vyc miln Trung gdm 07 CHK: 04 CHKQT va 03 CHKND.
Khu v\rc phia Nam gdm 10 CHK: 04 CHKQT va 06 CHKND.
Cac san bay nhd, san bay chuyen dung va bai dap true thang: Nghien cim, quy hoach xay dung cac san bay phuc vu cho boat ddng ba>; true thang va may bay canh biing lo^i nhd tai cac tinh viing sau, vimg xa, cac tinh chua cd CHK nhu; Lai Chau, Cao B5ng, L?ing Son, Kon Tum, Dac Ndng, Quang Tri, Binh Thuan, An Giang ...
5.2. Din nam 2030 - Mang CHK-SB: Tilp tuc phit triln cac CHK hien cd bao gdm 10 CHKQT va 17 CHKND. Nlu nhu cJu thi trudng du ldn, trong giai doan nay cd thl phat triSn mdt sd san bay nhu Lai ChSu, Cao BSng, Phan Thilt thanh cac CHK.
- Cac Cang hang khdng qudc te:
+ Can nhanh chdng dau tu xSy dung CHKQT Long Thanh v4
So 9 nam 2017 1
DAuTu-PHATTRieN aaaaa
dua vao khai thac d6 chia se HK voi CHK Tan Som Nhdt va tra thanh GHKQT quan trgng nhdt Clia khu v\re phia Nam. PhSn dku xay dimg CHKQT Long Thanh thanh trung tSm trung ehuySn Hang khdng khu vuc theo tieu chuan qu6c te va SB dat cap 4F theo tieu chuan ICAO vdi t6ng cong suat tli 80 den 100 trieu HK/nam.
+ D k tu m o rpng CHKQT Npi Bai vai viec xay dung ducmg cat ha canh thii 3, xay dung nha ga T3 cong suat 20-25 trieu HK/
nam, v.v... Phan dau xay dung CHKQT Npi Bai dat edp 4F theo tieu chuan ICAO voi eong suat dat 50 trieu HK/nam.
+ Ddu tu ma rpng CHKQT Gat Bi, dap ling cdng sudt 4 - 5 tri^u HK'nam. Tang cuong trang thigt bi din ducmg dap iing tieu chuan CAT-II Clia ICAO.
+ Tiep tue nang cao kha nang khai thac cua CHKQT Da N i n g phu hop voi yeu eau phat trien cua Thanh pho Da Nang noi rieng va khu virc mien Trung noi chung. Gong sudt GHKQT Da Nang dat 10 - 15 trieu HK/nam trong giai doan den nam 2030.
+ Ddu tu md rpng ca sd phue vu HK tai CHKQT Phii Bai, CHKQT Chu Lai, CHKQT Cam Ranh, C H K p T Cdn Tha dap ing cong sudt 4 - 5 trieu HK/
nam.
+ Uii tien phat triln CHKQT Phli Qude trd thanh CHK dam bao khai thae may bay B747 hoac tuong duong voi cong suat 6 trieu HK/nam.
- Cae Cang hang khong ngi dja:
Ti6p tuc ddu tu md rgng, tang cuang nang luc khai thac cac CHKND, dac biet cdn tap trung
I So 9 nam 2017
ddu tu, md rpng nang lire khai thac eae CHK nam tai cac khu vuc eo tiem nang du lich, phat triSn kinh te nhu Quang Ninh, LiSn Khuang, Ga Mau ... lam dpng li^c phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, an ninh quoc phong ciia cac dia phuang va cua ca nude.
Hien nay Bp Giao thong van tai giao cho Cue Hang khdng trien khai l§p dieu chinh quySt dinh s6 21/QD-TTg ngay 08 thang 01 nam 2009 "Quy hoach phat trien giao thdng van tai hang khdng giai doan den nam 2020 tam nhin 2030 trong thdi gian sdm nhat se eho ta he thdng eang hang khdng mdi.
K E T LUAN
Su phat trien he thdng eang hdng khdng san bay toan qudc la mpt qua trinh lich sii Iau dai tii bi dpng den chu dpng. He thdng cang hang khong ehiu sir chi phoi eua eae yeu td kinh te xa hdi va nguac lai he thong nay eiing gdp phan vao su phdt triSn kinh ti xa hgi toan qude va tung vung mien ciia dat nudc.
Viec xem xet, dieu chinh he thdng CHK-SB da quy hoach trong tuang lai la mgt viec can phai lam thudng xuyen de xem xet, b6 sung, cap nhat nhiing thSng tin, s6 lieu mdi nham de xudt va hoan thien quy hoach mang CHK-SB mgt each co can eii khoa hpc va chat che. Van de nay khdng chi anh hudng den kSt qua quy hoach CHK-SB ma con anh hudng ldn den vi6c quy hoach mang dudng bay vi thiSt k6 quy hoach timg GHK ndi rieng •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Hd so quy ho^ch mang CHK-SB dan dung Viet Nam, Vi8n KHHK, 1996.
2. Quyet dinh 86911/1997/
QD-TTg ngay 24/10/1997 phe duyet quy hoach phat trien he thong san bay toan qudc.
3. Quy hoach dieu chinh he thdng Ging Hang khong toan qudc den nam 2020 tdm nhin den nam 2030 do Cdng ty AEG th\rc hipn.
4. Quylt djnh sd 21/QD- TTG ngay 08/01/2009 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu: Phe duyet Quy hoaeh phat trien giao thong van tai hang khong giai do^n den nam 2020 va djnh hudng d6n nam 2030.
5. Bao cao Dyr thdo "Dieu chinh Quyet dinh sd 21/
QD-TTG ngay 08/01/2009 cua Thu tudng Chhih phu ve Quy ho^ch phat trien giao thdng v | n tai hang khdng giai doan din nam 2020 vk dinh hudng d6n nam 2030".
6. Nguyen Duy Ddng, Cdng tac hodn thien quy hoach h$ th6ng cang hang khdng sSn bay trong tiln trinh hOi nhap va phat trien, Tuyen tap Ha tang giao thdng vdi phat trien bgn viing, Sd ISBN 978- 604-82-1809-6, NXB XSy d u n g - N a m 2016.
