| D O / > DOANH NGHIEP-TH! T R a d N G ;
Thach thub phat trien ben viihg
m^capheViet
Du da CO nhieu tien trien trong thcfi gian qua nhitag phat trien ca phe Viet Nam hien na^ oang doi mat vdi mot so van de trong do co viec nang cao chat lifcfn^ va tinh ben vijfng. Jlat can c6^ mot chuong trinh mang tam qudc gia de thue day nganh ca phe phat trien theo huofng san xuat va kinh doanh ben vijfng.
Thtf nhat la ve gidng, cd cau giong ca phe hien nay cua ca ntfdc con nliieu han che: c^ phe vdi chiem 92,9%; ca phe che dat tren 31 nghln ha chiem 6 % (trong do gidng CaUmor dat tren 29 nghln ha, con cac gidng mdi khac nhtf Moka, Catura, Buorbon); ca phe mit dat gan ^ nghin ha dien tich ca phe ca ntfdc.
Ca phe che (Arabica) chi dtfdc trong d mpt sd vung sinh thai dac thu co do cao tren 600m, tap trung chu yeu d Lam Dong va mpt so' Ueu vung khac nhtf huyen Krong Nang, MDrak tinh Dak L&, huyen RLap tinh DSk Nong, la mpt trong cac yeu to' anh htfdng den chat
Lca phe hien nay.
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Do dien tich ca phe tang nhanh, cong tac chuan bi vtfdn tfPm nhan nhanh gidng tdt khong theo kip tien dp trong mdi vi vay, hau het dien tich ca phe hien nay d l a y Nguyen va Dong Nam bp dtfdc trong bang cay thtfc sinh ttf 65 75% dien tich la yen td han che hieu qua dau ttf tham canh va anh htfdng den chat Itfdng vUdn ca phe. Trong cay ca phe ghep gidng chpn Ipc, dtfdc xem la tien bp ky thuat quan trpng de vUdn ca phe dat nang xuat cao, dong deu. Tuy nhien, dien tich ca phe ghep da btfdc vao kinh doanh hien nay mdi chiem khoang 2%
dien tich ca phe d Tay Nguyen vi vay anh htfdng mpt phan den hieu qua dau tif tham canh ca phe.
Hai la ve each ttfdi cho ca phe, hien phan Idn dien tich ca phe phai stf dung ntfdc gie'ng khoan. Ky thuat ttfdi chtfa hoiin thien, lang phi ntfdc, mtfc ntfdc ngam ngay mpt giam siit do dien tich rtfng bi thu hep. Phan Idn cac hp nong dan tudi nu'dc cho ca phe dtfa vao kinh nghiem, vdi phtfdng phap tiTdi gdc la chinh, dien tich ttfdi phun mtfa khoang 5%. Nhieu hp nong dan da ttfdi vu'dt quy trinh ttfdi khoang 600 - 700 m2/vu (quy tnnh ttrdi 2000-2500m2/vu) gay lang phi ntfdc ttfdi. The nhiCng, cac giai phap stf dung ntfdc tiet kiem chtfa dtfdc cac dia phtfdng ap dung dif ^.fdug: l^
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0to TS. PHAN HUY THONG Pho Cue trUcmg Cue trdng trpt
Ddi vdi sau benh hai ca phe, da sd dien tich ca phe trong thuan khong cd cay che bdng, dien tich ca phe cd trong cay che bdng chi chiem khoang 5%.
Dieu nay khien nang xuat ca phe khong on dinh khi thdi tiet bat ldi, tang chi phi ttfdi va sau nhieu nam loai bo cay che bdng tren virdn ca phe, cd hien ttfdng gia tang sau benh hai. Vdi viec cac hp nong dan con han che trong viec stf dung thuoc bao ve thtfc vat tren cay ca phe nhtf diing khong diing lieu Itfdng, thdi gian nen lam tang chi phi dau ttf thuoc bao ve thtfc vat, anh htfdng den moi trtfdng va chat Itfdng san pham theo htfdng an toan.
Ddi vdi canh tac va thu hai ca phe, hien cac cd sd che' bien ca phe chii yen thong qua thtfdng lai khong gan vdi ngtfdi trong ca phe va chtfa cd cd che'gia khuyen khich hai chpn qua chin va do ngtfdi dan thtfdng thu hai mot lan tiet kiem cong lao dpng. Vi vay, viec thu hai ca phe khdng theo quy ttinh nhtf hai lan qua xanh con phd bien. Hien chi cd khoang 11 % sd hp hai chpn qua ca phe chin, con tren 88 % sd hp hai tudt anh htfdng nghiem trpng den chat Itfdng san pham ca phe xuat khau Viet Nam. Thu hai qua xanh qua nhieu nam lam cho thdi vu thu hoach ca phe den sdm gan 1 thang chtfa qua mua mtfa anh htfdng bat
TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP
ldi ddn chd bidn ci phd. Diy li tinh ttang ding bio ddng ttong canh tic ca phd hidn nay cin dtfdc cic dia phtfdng vi doanh nghidp quan tiim de han chd thu hii lin qui xanh.
Ridng vl hidn ttang vl quan 1^ chat Itfdng ci phd, vide k^ kdt hdp ddng tiiu mua sin phlm gitta nha chd bidn xult khau vi ngtfdi ttdng ci phd cdn nhidu bat cap. Khi gii ci phd xudng nhi chd bidn xult khiu khdng mua eho ndng din. Ngtfdc lai, khi gii Idn cao ngtfdi ttong ci phd tiitfdng bin ra ngoii khdng tiieo cam kdt ttong hdp ddng di k^. Cd chd gii chu ydu tiidng qua hdp ddng ndn tinh ring.budc khdng cao vi khdng dn dinh do viy khdng khuydn khich cic nhi sin xult, chd bidn vi xult khau ting ctfdng ip dung tidu chuln chat Itfdng. Khi xuat khiu khdng can tiiu tuc chfftag nhin chat Itfdng do vay da sd cic doanh nghidp xuat khiu ci phd tiitfdng khdng quan tim ip dung cic tidu chuln chit Itfdng ttong tiiu mua ca phd. Hidn mdi ed khoing ttdn 10% sd doanh nghidp ip dung TCVN 4193-2005, cdn rat thap (1,0 - 1,5% sin Itfdng ci phd xult khiu hing nim). Do vay ci phd xult khiu chi ydu vin d hang R2 chidm tilf 45-90% tiy ddn vi xult khiu. Ddn nay vin chtfa cd chinh sich de cic nhi sin xult vi chd bidn ip dung cic tieu chuln ttong sin xult vi tiiu mua ci phd.
Thdm vio dd, vide hinh tiiinh cic td chffc sin xult, cic hd ttdng ci phd chtfa dtfdc quan tam, lam ban chd vide chuydn giao tidn bd ky tiiuit ttdng ttpt, chim sdc, chd bidn, chffng nhin chit Itfdng, tidu tiiu sin phlm ci phd hidn nay. Trong phin loai vi dinh gii chit Itfdng ci phd: cic chi tidu phin hang
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chit Itfdng ci phd Vidt Nam cdn chtfa chit che, ci phd xanh dtfdc tiiu hoach vi chd bidn ndu khdng bi den vd vin khdng anh htfdng ddn kdt qui phan hang ci phd. Do vay, tinh ttang tiiu hii qui xanh ttong tiiu hoach ci phd vin tidp hie dien ra ttong sin xult chtfa dtfdc stf quan tim cia ngtfdi ttdng vi ngtfdi tidu tiiu ci phd.
Bdn canh nhfitag vin dl ndu ttdn, mdt van dl cd bin nffa cua nginh ca phd la tiudu stf dilu phdi giffa cic tic nhin ttong nginh. Trong thdi gian dai, nhi ntfdc da tiiam gia tich ctfc vao nhilu Unh vtfc cia nginh ci phd khdng chi bing cic chinh sich vi quy dinh dd quan If nginh mi cdn cd nhilu chinh sich tfu dai khuydn khich sin xult vi kinh doanh ci phd. Trong do, chinh sach didn hlnh li tin dung tfu dai cho ngtfdi ttdng vi xuat khiu ci phd, tiitfdng xuat khiu, chtfdng tiinh gidng, chtfdng trinh khuyen ndng, chtfdng trinh xuc tidn thtfdng mai tao ddng ltfc phit tridn manh me cho nginh ci phd. Nhffng chinh sich tfU dii vi tic ddng tiii trtfdng xult khau ca phd tiid gidi da tic ddng tdi didn tich ci phd dtfdc md rdng d Vidt Nam vao nhfflig nim 1990. Tuy nhidn, hidu qui sin xult chtfa cao do nhilu nguydn nhin ttong dd cd vide phit trien ci phd khdng theo quy hoach. Phin Idn cic ddi ttfdng tiiam gia ttong chu§i cung ffng ci phd nhat li ndng din va cic doanh nghidp vffa vi nhd nhat li ttong cd chd tiii trtfdng hidn nay it cd khi ning thay ddi do ngudn ltfc ban chd, thidu khi ning tiep can kidn tiitfc ky tiinit, till trtfdng vi tii chinh.
Quan he d^ tic nhi^tfdc vi ttf nhin cd dat^^jtf ^t.c4^%e%dii lidn quan nhtf ndng''^gg^gf^p^^inh doanh, xuat
I DOANH NGHIEPJHI TRUING |
khiu, rang xay, nghidn'ctfu, khuydn ndng vi cic nhi hoach dinh chinh sich chtfa cd stf lien kdt ttong nginh ci phd vi viy ngtfdi san xuat ci phd nhat li cic hd sin xult nhd hidu qua san xuat khdng cao va thtfdng khdng quan tim ddn chat Itfdng sin pham cudi cing lim cho chat Itfdng ca phd xult khau cia Viet Nam thap vi khdng ddng deu.
Thdm vio dd, cii ydu ndi tai cia nginh ci phd li khi ning canh ttanh cua nginh. Vdi ldi tiid ci phe vdi Viet Nam chi ydu dtfdc ttdng d dp cao tff 400m ddn 600m so mtfc ntfdc bidn cd ldi thd so sinh ve chit Itfdng so cic ntfdc cing ttdng ca phd vdi d chiu Phi vi mdt sd ntfdc ling gidng chau A. Tuy nhidn mdt thdi gian dii Viet Nam ludn li ntfdc cung cap ca phd vdi sd Itfdng Idn, chit Itfdng khdng cao vi gii re, gii tri gia tang cia nginh nhd da lim cho kha nang canh ttanh cia ci phd Viet Nam cd nhilu ban che. Mac di da va dang dtfdc cai thidn nhtfiig nginh ci phd Viet Nam van dang ddi mat vdi nhflhg ttd ngai ding kd ttong vide xiy dtfng hlnh anh la mdt nhi cung d p cd chat Itfdng dn dinh.
Ba tic nhan chinh ttong vide nang cao vi tiid canh ttanh cua ci phd Vidt Nam li gii tii gia ting, chat Itfdng dn dinh vi giao dich uy tin hidn nay lai dang li nhffbg ydu didm khi ip ltfc canh ttanh toin can ting manh. Vide tap trung vao cing cd vi ting ctfdng san xult tiieo htfdng nang cao chit Itfdng, dp ddng diu, xiy dtfng thtfdng hieu, da dang hoi sin phlm, phit trien thi tiytdng ttong dd ed phit tridn thi trtfdng ndi dia dd ning cao ning ltfc canh ttanh cho nganh ci phd cdn nhilu ban chd.
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TAI CHINH DOANH NGHIEP
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