Tap chlKhoahocxahpl mien Trung, So 03 (59)-2019 13
PHATTRIEN NONG NGHIEPTHEOHUdNGHllN OAI dTJNH NGHE AN TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY:
THdC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
PHAN VAN TUAN' LE TH] THANH HIEU"
NGUYEN KHANH L Y ' Tdm tdt: Bdi bdo phdn tieh thitc trgng phdt trien ndng nghiep theo hudng hiin dai d tinh Nghe AntheoSdge diem sau: quy hoqeh cde vung sdn xudt ndng nghiip hdng hda tap trung; ddy manh iing dung khoa hgc cdng nghi; phdt trien thi trudng trong boi ednh hgi nhdp; to chdc sdn xudt vd quan If theo hudng hiin dqi, thuc hien liin ket chat che giOa cdc chu the theo chuoi gid tri trong nong nghiip. Tdket qud trin cho thdy, phdt trien ndng nghiip tinh Nghi An theo hudng hiin dqi eon nhieu han che, bdt cap. Trin easddd, ehung tdi di xudt hi thdng gidi phdp xdy dung chien luge phdt trien ndng nghiep theo hudng hiin dai d tinh Nghi /^f^ Qom: 1) ndng eao chdt lugng vd hodn thiin cdc quy hoach phdt trien sdn xudt ndng nghiip, chdy phdt trien cdc ndng sdn cd the manh; 2) dng dung khoa hgc cdng nghe vdo sdn xudt ndng nghiip; 3) phdt trien thi trudng ndng nghiep; 4) ddi mdi cdc hinh thdc to chdc sdn xudt, qudn ly theo chuoi sdn phdm vd ehudi gid tri ndng nghiip;
5} ndng eao ndng luc vd trinh do cho ddi ngu cdn bd qudn If dieu hdnh.
Tit khda: ndng nghiip, phdt trien ndng nghiip theo hudng hiin dqi, ndng nghiip cdng nghe cao, Nghe An.
Abstracts: The paper analyzes the state of modern agricultural development in Nghe An province to the following five characteristics: planning agricultural commodity production areas;
promoting the application of science and technology and market development in the context of integration; organizing the production and management towards the direction of modernization, implementing close linkages among stakeholders in the agricultural value chains. From the above current situations, the agricultural development in Nghe An towards modernization is still limited andinadequqte On that basis, a number of solutions were proposed to build a modem agricultural development strategy in Nghe An province, including: 1) improve the quality and complete the plan on agricultural production development, focus on developing advantageous agricultural products;
3) apply the science and technology in agricultural production 4) innovate forms of production organization and of agricultural production chain management S) improve the capabilities and qualifications of the executive management staff.
Keywords: agriculture, agriculture development towards modernization, high-tech agriculture, HgheAn.
Ngdy nhdn bai: 17/3/2019 Ngay duyet Sang: 02/6/2019
Bat van Si trien ndng nghiep (PTNN).Trong nhOng nam qua, mac du da dat duoc tde dp tang trudng k Igh^Anlamdttinhcdnhieutiemnang ^^^ ^^^ ^, . ^ j ^ ^ , , „ ^ ^ „ g n5ng pgHjep
\ l va lpi the' vdi 3 viing sinh thai: trung ^^ ^ . ^ ^j^.^g ,^^^1^ l^^^l „j,Ung han I ^ du mien nui, dong bang va ven bien, ^^, ^^^^^ ^ , ^ ^ - ^ ^ - „ g ^g^i^p yi^t Nam hoi tunhOfng dieu kien can thiet cho sy phat nhu: san xuat nhd ie, manh mun, chUa tao ra dugc cac chuoi san pham cd gia trj gia
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EmaU:pha„vmtna„[email protected]. nghiep chil ye'u la tang truong theo chieu
14 PHANVANTUAN,LeTH|THANHHieu^NGLIYENjWNlH rpng nen hieu qua va tfnh ben vUng con han
che; thu nhap va ddi sdng ciia ndng dan cdn thap... dang la nhUng thach thUc Idn ddi vdi Nghe An trong giai doan hien nay.TU thyc te dd cd the thay, viec tim hieu thyc trang hoat ddng ciia ndng nghiep Nghe An trong thdi gian qua de xay dyng mdt chien luge PTIMN toan dien, nang cao gia trj gia tang va phat trien ben vUng la van de cd tfnh thdi sy va cap thiet ca ve ly luan cung nhu thuc tign.
1. Khai niem va dac diem phat trien nong nghiep theo hi/omg hien dai
Khai niem va dac diem PTNN theo hudng hien dai la rat rdng, phai tiep can tren quan diem he thdng, lien nganh va da nganh, dac biet trong bdi canh hdi nhap, sy canh tranh ve cac ngudn lyc cho PTNN va cupc each mang 4.0... se lam thay doi ham lugng san xuat vdi vai tro cac yeu td mdi nhU: khoa hgc cdng nghe (KHCN),thi trudng, lao ddng... Do vay, PTNN hien dai khdng chi don thuan la sUsap xep lai cac yeu td dau vao hien cd ciia ndng nghiep ma la sy thay doi cau true cac yeu td dau vao tao ra chat mdi ciia sy tich hgp cac yeu td ngudn lyc trong qua trinh to chUc san xuat ndng nghiep (SXNN). Qua trinh dd bao ham nhUng ndi dung co ban nhU: quy hoach phat trien cac viing san xuat hang hda (SXHH) tap trung, vung Ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao (NNCNC); Boi mdi td chUc san xuat theo hudng hien dai, tap trung tren nen tang ciia KHCN tien tien ma nhat la cdng nghe cao; Nang cao chat lupng ngudn nhan lyc;
Thyc hien quan trj theo chuoi hien dai, tao ra sy gan ket giOa ndng dan vdi nghe; Qua trinh chuyen mdn hda, tap trung hda, lien doanh, lien ket trong ndng nghiep dugc day manh trong dd doanh nghiep ddng vai trd try cot trong chuoi myc dich tao ra san pham ddi dao, CO chat lugng, nang suat lao ddng va gia tri gia tang cao, cd tinh ket ndi phat trien vdi cac nganh kinh te khac. Tdm lai, tU viec thyc hien cac ndi dung tren thi cd the
ket luan PTNN theo hudng hien dai dua ^^^
hieu qua cao va hudng tdi sU phat trien vCJng (vi nang suat ciia cac yeu td dat hipu q cao chU khdng phai dua tren sU hao ton cac ngudn lUc dau vao). Phai ndi them rang, doi vdi nen ndng nghiep Viet Nam hien nay Km cac yeu td ngudn lUc chUa cho phep chuyen dich ngay nen ndng nghiep truyen thong sang nen ndng nghiep hien dai thi chung ta ch! cd the tien hanh sy chuydn djch do theo dinh hudng PTNN theo hudng hien dai.
' Tren quan diem d d PTNN theo hudng hien dai la qua trinh phat trien cac yeu td dau vao cho san xuat nhu dat dal, lao ddng, cdng nghe va cac yeu td dau ra nhu nang suat, chat lugng va thi trudng san pham; xay dyng mpt nen ndng nghiep san xuat hang hda quy md Idn, tap trung vdi cac hlnh thUc td chUc san xuat tien tien va phat trien ben vUng. Tir khai niem neu tren, theo chung tdi, PTNN theo hudng hien dai cd mdt sd dac diem co ban nhu sau:
Thd nhdt, phai quy hoach cac vung san xuat ndng nghiep hang hda tap trung cd quy md Idn va chat lugng cao. Vdi muc tieu phat trien nen ndng nghiep hien dai, con dudng tat yeu ia phai dya vao khoa hgc ky thuat. Bay chinh la chia khda de nang cao gia tri gia tang va phat trien ben vOng. Song, do diem xuat phat ciia hau het cac nen ndng nghiep la deu dya tren nen tang kinh te hp tieu ndng phan tan thi viec Ung dung KHCN se trd nen han che. Vdi thyc te dd, yeu cau trong san xuat ndng nghiep la phai quy hoach cac vung san xuat hang hda tap trung cd quy md Idn, nhat la ddi vdi nhUng nganh hang ndng san chii lyc de tao ra nhOng san pham chat lugng. Tren co sd dd se tao dieu kien Ung dung phd bien cac thanh tyu KHCN trong linh vyc ndng nghiep nham tang nang suat, hieu qua va nang cao nang lyc canh tranh qudc te;
Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hoi mien Trung, So 03 (59) - 2019
Thd hai, phii day manh Ung dung khoa hpc cdng nghe dac biet la cdng nghe cao trong san xuat ndng nghiep.
Khoa hpc cdng nghe cd vai trd tich cyc trong sUtang trudng va phat trien ciia ndng nghiep. Hien nay, khi san xuat ndng nghiep da bpc Id nhieu diem yeu nhU: Hoat ddng manh mun, hieu qua canh tac cdn thap, gia thanh san pham cao,... thi KHCN cang dugc coi la mdt trong nhUng gill phap hUu hieu nhat de khac phye nhUng bat cap nay. Mat khac, de dap Ung nhu cau ngay cang cao ve nong sin trong dieu kien dien tich dat ndng nghiep ngay cang thu hep thi khdng cdn each nao khac la phai tang cUdng ap dyng cac tien bd khoa hgc ky thuat, nang cao nang suat lao ddng va chat lugng san pham. Day manh Ung dung KHCN vi the trd thanh nhu caubUcthiet,Ileasdde nganh ndng nghiep doi mdi kjp thdi, ngay cang hien dai hda va tang kha nang hdi nhap kinh te qudc te;
Thdba, can phat trien thj trudng trong bdi canh hpi nhap.
Hien nay chung ta dang budc vao thdi ky hpi nhap vdi nhieu sU thay ddi: thue nhap khau bang khdng; chuyen doi the che, phap iult va thugng mai toan cau. Khi hdi nhap sau mdi thay Viet Nam la mdt nudc ndng nghiep nhung chua cd nghe ndng dung nghia, nganh ndng nghiep tuy cd budc tien manh nhUng chUa ben vUng.Trong dieu kien canh tranh ngay cang gay gat, ngUdi ta thay vai trd ciia viec phat trien thj trudng cang trd nen cap thiet. Gan day xuat hien nhUng cupc gill cUu ndng sin mang tfnh gill phap tinh the da cho thay nen SXNN nudc ta dang thieu sy ket ndi vdi thi trudng mdt each ben vCfng. Bay cung khdng han la trich nhiem cua ngudi ndng dan ma phai ndi den nang loc td chUc sin xuat, nang lyc d y bao, dinh hudng thj trudng ciia Nha nudc cho ndng dan con nhieu han che;
15
Thdtu, ddi mdi td chUc san xuat va quan iy theo hudng hien dai.
Sau hon 30 nam ddi mdi, die biet II sau khi cd nghi quyet 10 khda VI ngay 5/4/1988 ciia Bd Chinh trj xac djnh "hp ndng dan la ddn vj kinh te ty chii" kinh te hd nong dan khdng ngUng phat trien va ngay cang khang djnh vai trd, vi trf ciia minh trong phat trien KT-XH. Tuy vay, do sp gidi han ve kha nang, kinh nghiem san xuat nen ben canh nhOng hd ndng dan phit trien manh me van con khdng ft hd d trong tinh trang khd khan. Vi vay, de PTNN theo hudng hien dai thi nhiem vy quan trgng hien nay la phii ddi mdi quan he sin xua't trong linh vyc ndng nghiep, thay ddi md hlnh san xuat ndng nghiep quy md hd nhd le, thieu lien ket sang md hinh sin xuat quy md idn, tap trung dya v i o doanh nghiep, hgp t i c xa v l trang trai. Tat nhien, qua trinh dd phai dugc thyc hien dya tren nguyen tac ciia thj trudng;
ThUndm, thyc hien lien ket chat che giOra cac chu the theo chuoi gia tri trong ndng nghiep.
fle phat trien len mdt tfnh chat mdi, nen ndng nghiep phii di theo con dudng lien ket, bang each ty giac to chUc sy lien ket dd. Cy the, cac hp ndng d i n phai lien ket vdi nhau dudi cic hlnh thUc nhu td hgp tac, hgp tac xa, hiep hdi... giOa cac hd ndng dan vdi nhau de cd cd sd td chUc kinh te cho lien ket 4 nha (nha ndng, nha doanh nghiep, nha khoa hpc, nha nudc).... Xay dyng cac mdi lien ket nay, ve b i n chat la nham hinh thanh mdt kenh tieu thy mdi trong chuoi gia tri ndng sin thdng qua viec loai bd bdt tac nhan trung gian giUa san xuat va kinh doanh, rut ngan dp d l i kenh tieu thy, gdp phan tryc tiep nang cao ddi sdng cho ngudi ndng d i n . Qua trinh t y giac td chUc lien ket cung la qua trinh thay ddi ve chat ddi vdi giai cap ndng d i n . NgUdi ndng dan Viet Nam se tU ndng dan san xuat
16,
PHAN VAN TUAN, LETHITHANH HieuNGUYJNKI*^nhd len ndng dan hien dai; Ndng thdn Viet Nam tir ndng thdn lang truyen thdng len ndng thdn hien dai. Va khi ndi den mdi quan he giUa cac myc tieu thi xay dyng ndng thdn mdi se dugc coi la holn tat khi sin xuat ndng nghiep dat den tinh chat san xuat hang hda Idn va cd dugc trinh do ciia ndng nghiep hien dai.
2. Thifc trang phat trien nong nghiep theo hudng hien dai cr Nghe An
Thd nhdt, thuc trgng quy hoach edc vung sdn xudt ndng nghiip hdng hda tap trung
flen nay, d Nghe An da hinh thanh dugc nhieu vimg nguyen lieu tap trung cho cdng nghiep che bien va xuat khau tren cd sd phat huy the manh ve dieu kien thd nhUdng, khi hau nhU: vung nguyen lieu che 8.000 ha d cac huyen Thanh Chuong, Anh Sdn, Con Cudng, che shan tuyet chat lugng cao d Ky Son; vung cao su d Nghia B i n , Tan Ky, thj xa Thii Hda vdi dien tfch tren 9.900 ha; vimg mfa nguyen lieu 26.000 ha d cac huyen: Quy Hgp, Nghia B i n , Tin Ky, Anh Sdn, thj xa Thii Hda...; vung lac xul't khau d cac huyen: Dien Chau, Nghi Lpc, Nam Ban {Oy ban Nhan dan tinh Nghe An, 2018)... Nhieu md hlnh sin xuat cd hieu q u i dang tUng budc nhan ra dien rdng, gdp phan chuyen dich cd cau sin xua't, md ra cd hdi mdi de ndng dan lam giau tren chfnh que hUdng ciia minh.
Thd hai, dng dung khoa hge eong nghi dae biit Id cdng nghe eao trong sdn xudt
Tai Nghe An, cung vdi sy hinh thanh, phat trien v l duy tri dn dinh cIc vung nguyen lieu, vung chan nudi tap trung, viec Ung dyng tien bd ky thuat, cdng nghe cao vao sin xuat ngay cang trd nen quan trpng va can thiet.
Ben cudi nam 2018 tdng dien tich canh tac ndng nghiep tai Nghe An la 48.636 ha (Uy ban Nhin dan tinh Nghe An, 2018), trong dd canh t i c ndng nghiep Ung dung cdng nghe cao la 9.502 ha, chiem 3,1% dien tich canh
tac ndng nghiep, trong dd 6.768 ha do dau tu, cdn doanh nghiep dau t u 2.734 ha. Ty trgng san xuat ndng nghiep u'ng dung cong nghe cao chiem khoing 5 - 10% gia tri san xuat nganh nong nghiep; ning suit, gia tn san pham cay trdng vat nudi dugc iJng dung cdng nghe cao tang 20 - 40%, Igi nhuan cho ngudi san xuat tang tren 30% so vdi doanh thu. Gia trj san xuat binh quan tU 200- 250 trieu ddng/ha/nam, cao gap 2-3 lan so vdi sin xuat ndng nghiep dai tra (Nguyen Thj HIi Yen, 2018).
Thdba, thi trudng tieu thu sdn phdm Viec md rdng thj trudng ndng san d Nghe An thdi gian qua the hien rd net dviec doanh nghiep tich cyc tham gia cac hpi chg, trien lam, tim kiem v l p h i t trien thi trudng trong va ngoli nudc.
Bdi vdi thj trudng ndi dia, he thdng cac kenh phan phdi mat hang thyc pham, rau qua d Nghe An khi phat trien. Theo tdng hgp ciia t i c gia, tinh den nam 2018, da cd 4 trung tam thuong mai va 42 sieu thi, trong dd: thanh phd Vinh co 21 sieu thi kinh doanh tdng hgp, cac huyen, thj cd 21 sieu thj. Ve he thdng chg, Nghe An cd 405 chg cac loai.
fldi vdi thj trudng xul't khau, nhUng n i m gan day, cd cau hang hda xuat khau tren dja ban Nghe An da cd sy chuyen djch rd ret, trj gia h i n g hda ndng san xuat khau nam sau tang len so vdi nam trudc. Viec thj trudng ngay cang md rdng cho phep hang hda ndng san cua Nghe An md rdng quy md san xua't, phat trien them nhieu san pham mdi, gia tang kim ngach xuat khau.
Thd tu, to chdc sdn xudt vd qudn ly theo hudng hien dai
Hien nay, trong ndng nghiep Nghe An cd nhUng hlnh thUc to chUc sin xua't sau: kinh te ndng hp, kinh te trang trai, Hgp tde xd ndng nghiip (HTXNN) va cac doanh nghiep ndng nghiep...
Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi mienTrung, So 03 (59) - 2019 17
Kinh tendng hp la td chUc san xuat co b i n trong ndng nghiep Nghe An, chiem 65,8%
tong so hd gia dinh toan tinh. Hien nay, td chijfc san xuat ciia ndng hd ngay cang dugc da dang hda vdi nhUng md hinh phu hgp vdi dac diem sinh thai ciia tUng vimg va thyc te, de tang hieu q u i tren mdt don vj dien tich, nhieu dia phuong trong tinh da thyc hien chuyen ddi nhUng dien tich cay trong kem hieu qui sang sin xuat lam nghiep va nudi trong thiiy sin;
Kinh te trang trai la loai hinh san xuat hang hda tap trung, quy md kha, cd dieu kien sin xuat nhieu loai ndng sin cd nang suat, chat lugng nhu: cam, mia, che, chan nuoi trau, bd, Ign, g l , nudi trdng thuy san, trong rUng nguyen lieu. Ben nam 2016, toan tinh CO 464 trang trai. MUc do phan bd ciia trang trai tuong ddi ddng deu giOa cac vung:
vung dong bang co 154 trang trai, chiem 31,25%; vimg ven bien cd 125 trang trai chiem 26,94%; vung nui thap cd 165 trang trai, chiem 35,56%; viing nui cao cd 20 trang trai chiem 4,3% sd trang trai ca tinh (Nguyen Thj Hal Yen, 2018);
Hgp tdexd ndng nghiip, toan tinh cd 469 HTXNN (Nguyen Thj HIi Yen, 2018). Hien nay, cac loai hlnh dich vu chii yeu cua HTX gdm:
II cung Ung gidng cay trdng, vat nudi, thiiy san, II cung Ung phan bdn, thude b i o ve thyc vat, II thiiy Igi, dien nang, tieu thy san pham, thUc an chan nudi va che bien ndng lam sin...;
Doanh nghiep ndng nghiip, tren dia ban tinh Nghe An deu hlnh thanh tU nam 2000 trd lai day, khi Luat Doanh nghiep bat dau CO hieu lyc. Sy gan ket doanh nghiep vdi phat trien kinh te ndng nghiep, ndng thdn
^Nghe An ve thyc chat la thuc day chuyen 961 mo hinh to chUc SXNN theo hudng hien dai trong do doanh nghiep ddng vai trd dau tau. Hien nay, xu hudng chuyen ddi ciia cac
^ DNNN la hudng tdi phat trien NNCNC, ndng
nghiep sach, ndng nghiep hUu eg. Ndi bat la hoat ddng kinh te ciia nhieu doanh nghiep t u nhan nhu tap doan TH, cdng ty cd phan thuc pham Vinamilk, cdng ty TNHH Vinh Hda, cdng ty san xuat rau hOu coTam Nguyen....
Thd ndm, thue hiin lien ket ehdt ehe gida cdc chu the theo chuoi gid tri trong ndng nghiep
Theo tdng hgp ciia tac g i i , hien tai, tinh Nghe An da xay dyng dugc 62 md hinh cinh ddng Idn trong ndng nghiep, khang djnh y nghia trong lien ket giUa cIc chii the trong sin xua't ndng nghiep khi hieu qua kinh te tang tU 12-15% so vdi sin xuat truyen thdng, dac biet II nhCrng mo hinh sin xuat d mien Tay Nghe An nhU: md hlnh lien ket sin xuat giUa cac doanh nghiep v l ndng dan trong chan nudi bo sUa ciia TH True milk (doanh nghiep dau tU theo chuoi, ndng dan tham gia them d khiu thUc an...), Vinamilk (doanh nghiep ciing dan nudi bo va doanh nghiep thu mua sUa), mia dudng, che (doanh nghiep dau t u nha may che bien, ho tra san xuat cho ndng dan v l thu mua san pham), chanh leo, dUa, gac...(doanh nghiep dau tU che bien, cung cap dau vIo, cimg dan trdng v l thu mua sin pham)...
3. Mot so nhan xet ve thirc trang phat trien nong nghiep d Nghe An theo huorng hien dai trong thori gian qua
Mgt Id, ndng nghiep tinh Nghe An tuy tang trudng kha nhung thieu ben vOng, chua chuyen bien manh theo hudng hien dai; CO cau ndng nghiep va kinh te ndng thdn chuyen dich cham, chUa thpc sy phan I n h igi the so sanh v l chua dap Ung trien vgng cua cau trong tuong lai. Trong iinh vyc ndng nghiep thuan, trdng trpt chiem gan 48% (Uy ban Nhan dan tinh Nghe An, 2018), trong dd ty trpng chinh van thupc ve lua gao. Tuy vay, hieu qua kinh te dem lai tU cay lua khong cao, vl the d l xuat hien tinh
18 PHANVANTUAN, LETHITHANH H\iU, NGUVI JN KHANH LY
t r a n g n d n g d a n k h d n g t h i e t t h a v d i d a t lua, k h d n g t h a m c a n h t a n g v u , n h a t la d d d n g b a n g v e n b i e n . N g a n h chan n u d i t u y p h i t t r i e n n h a n h n h u n g n a n g suat v a t n u d i c d n thap, g i i t h i n h cao, md hinh chin nudi cdng nghiep chUa phd bien, kha nang kiem soat djch benh cdn yeu lam thiet hai cho nhieu hp nudi. fldi vdi nglnh djch vu ndng nghiep, ty trpng la rat khiem tdn, chua tuang xUng vdi vj tri mdt chuyen nganh. Chfnh quy md va ty trgng djch vu thap da phin anh tinh chat san xuat truyen thdng, thii cdng cao. CIc hoat ddng dich vy can thiet nhu gidng mdi, KHCN, phuang phip sin xua't tien tien, bao ve cly trdng, vat nudi, tiep thi, tin dyng...
chua phit trien manh. Bdi vay, chua the khai thac tdt tiem nang ve t y nhien va xa hdi tai cac vung sin xuat;
Hai Id, nhin tong the, san xua't ndng nghiep d Nghe An van nang ve phat trien chieu rdng, dya vIo khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien, nhat la khai hoang de t i n g dien tfch dat canh tie, tham dung nudc tudi de tang vu va chi phi dau vao cao, ham lupng cdng nghe trong sin pham con thap. San xuat ndng nghiep chii yeu dya vIo phuang phap truyen thdng vdi cdng cy thii cdng, nang suat thap. Hien tai, nang suat lao ddng nganh ndng nghiep thap han nhieu so vdi nglnh cdng nghiep va dich vu;
8a Id, viec Ung dung cong nghe cao mdi chi duac thyc hien d tUng khau ciia q u i trinh sin xuat ma chua cd nhieu san pham theo chuoi gia tri nen hieu qua chua dugc nhu mong mudn v l thieu tfnh ben vUng. Viec Ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin, t y dpng hoa, cdng nghe sinh hoc, cac quy trinh canh tac tien tien (ICM, IPM, ISO)... de san xuat ra cac ndng sin chl't lugng cdn han che. San xuat ndng sin theo tieu chuan sach, an toan (GAP) dugc chu trpng nhUng viec duy tri gap nhieu kho khan;
fidn Id, chua hinh thinh thi trUOng tieu thu sin pham nong nghiep thuan Igi, chi/a tao ddng lyc manh me de phat trien kmh te ndi Chung va PTNN ndi rieng. Mat khac, gia ca vat tu ndng nghiep dau vao con cao, trong khi gia b i n ndng sin lai cd xu hUdng giam, Inh hudng den viec dau tU ma rpng sin xuat, thu nhap va ddi sdng ciia ngUdi ndng dan. Hien nay, dii da dang ve san pham nhung kha nang canh tranh ciia hang ndng sin Nghe An tren thj trudng chua cao, da sd cIc loai ndng sin d dang thd hoac so che nen gia tri gia t i n g thap, chua tao dyng dugc cac thuang hieu manh tren thi trudng qudc te, kim ngach xua't khau binh quan theo dau ngudi thap so vdi mUc binh quan chung ciia c l nudc;
Ndm /d, tuy cd tiem ning dat dai rpng Idn, da dang v l Igi the ciia 3 vung sinh thai nhung sin xua't chu yeu vin dUa tren nen tang kinh te hd vdi quy md nhd, p h i n t i n , cac hinh thUc td chUc san xuat khac con cham ddi mdi, hieu q u i hoat dpng chua cao. CIc md hinh lien ket cdn Idng leo, thieu on djnh do quan he Igi ich giUa cIc ben cdn mau t h u i n nhung chua cd gill phap xir ly can ban. Chinh vi vay, ddi sdng nhan dan nha't la d viing mien niii cdn gap nhieu kho khan, ty le hd ngheo vin cao, ndng thdn chua cd chuyen bien rd net.
4. Mot so giai phap nham phat trien nong nghiep Nghe An theo hudng hien dai trong thcri gian tcii
Thd nhdt, ndng eao ehdt lugng, chu y phdt trien ndng sdn ed the manh vd hodn thien cdc quy hoach phdt trien sdn xudt nong nghiep
Hien nay, t r o n g m o i l i n h v y c san x u a t ciia n g a n h n d n g n g h i e p t h u a n d N g h e A n d e u cd n h U n g s i n p h a m d u g c xac d i n h la c h i i lyc n h u lua, n g d , lac, m i a , che, cam, cay d u a c lieu, s i n p h a m c h a n nudi... n h u vay, so san p h a m c h u luc la q u a n h i e u . C h i n h Uu t i e n c h o c d n g tac q u y hoach VI vay, c a n
xay d y n g
Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hoi mien Trung, So 03 (59) - 2019
ket cau ha tang ky thuat phuc vu cho muc tieu xac djnh san pham chii lyc, xac djnh rd khach hang muc tieu, djnh hudng thi phan trong nudc va qudc te cho mdi mat hang nong san dya tren tieu chi hieu q u i ve kinh te,xa hpi va mdi trudng;
Thd hai, day manh dp dung tien bg khoa hgc cdng nghi vd cdc quy trinh sdn xudt tien tien
Q^ hien thyc hda muc tieu thay doi md hlnh tang trudng theo hudng p h i t trien mdt nen ndng nghiep hien dai, Nghe An can tap trung ngudn lyc cho nghien cUu khoa hpc va xay dyng mang ludi chuyen giao khoa hpc ky thuat, trUdc het la ddi mdi phUdng thUc hoat ddng khoa hpc tren cd sd gan vdi sin xuat va thyc hien tdt lien ket cac khoa hpc, nha ndng va doanh nghiep... Cu the d tUng nganh nhu sau:
Boi vdi trong trpt, can day manh khio nghiem, phat trien dUa vao cd cau sin xuat cac giong lua, lac, che, cam, mia...cd nang suat cao, chat lugng tdt thfch Ung vdi tUng viing sinh thai ciia tinh tren ca sd xac djnh dd la nhirng sin pham chii lyc;
Doi vdi chan nudi, can nghien cUu phat trien v l Ung dyng quy trinh chan nudi Ign, ga theo tieu chuan VietGAP, p h i t trien chin nuoi bo thit theo quy md trang trai tap trung, hien dai tU khIu gidng, sin xuat, che bien thilc an, cham sdc, giet md....
Can day manh Ung dyng KHCN hien dai de nang cao nang suat, chat lugng che bien nong lam thiiy san, uu tien dau t u phat trien cong nghiep che bien tinh, che bien slu, ddi mdi cdng nghe, thiet bj tien tien, hien dai;
Gan san xuat vdi cdng nghiep che bien, bao quan va tieu thy san pham theo chuoi gia trj 9e ning cao gia trj gia tang ddi vdi cIc sin pham cd Igi the ciia tinh Nghe An;
Thdba, gidi phdp ve phdt trien thi trudng ning nghiep
19 Tinh Nghe An can hd trg cac chii the gidi thieu v l tieu thy san pham tren dia ban tinh v l lien ket vdi cac doanh nghiep bin le trong nudc thdng qua he thdng sieu thi nhu Big C, Metro, Intimex... Phan dau dn djnh thi phan d thi trudng cac tinh vung BacTrung Bd vdi cIc mat hang chii lyc nhu: che, mfa dudng, cao su, trau, bo... va tUng budc thu hut thj trudng trong nudc khic thdng qua vi^c lien doanh lien ket md rdng thj trudng tieu thu.
Tinh Nghe An cOng can tang cudng xuc tien thuong mai,xlydyng thuang hieu,quan ly chat lugng san pham va nang cao g i i trj gia tang. Be gidi thieu, quang ba hang ndng san cUa Nghe An mdt cich rdng rai, tinh can thdng qua cIc kenh thdng tin, trien l l m , cac hpi chg de nam bat sy bien ddng cung - cau, g i i c l ndng sin, dac biet chu trpng d cac thj trudng cd thj phan Idn hien nay la My, EU, Nhat Bin....
Tiep den, cIc doanh nghiep, ngUdi sin xuat phai lay chU tin llm dau, dat Igi fch ciia minh trong mdi lien he chat che vdi igi fch cdng ddng, tranh kieu kinh doanh "chyp gilt", "an xdi", tham igi ich nhd trudc mat ma khdng thay t i c hai lau dai.
Bdng thdi, cac ca quan chUc nang nhu Sd Cdng Thuong, Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn, Sd Thdng tin va Truyen thdng phai day manh va ning cao hieu q u i cdng t i c tuyen truyen, phd bien kien thUc cho doanh nghiep, ngUdi sin xul't, ba con ndng dan... ve luat phIp qudc te, ve cac nguyen tac va cIc thda thuan, cam ket ciia Viet Nam vdi cIc ddi tie trong cac linh vUc thuang mai, dau tu, hgp tac kinh te;
Thd tu, tich cue doi mdi edc hinh thdc to chdc sdn xuat, qudn ly theo chuoi sdn phdm vd ehudi gid tri ndng nghiip
Tiep tuc sap xep, doi mdi cIc doanh nghiep nha nUdcthudc linh vUc ndng nghiep theo hudng cd phan hda; sap xep, ddi mdi
20 PHANVANTUAN, LITHITHANH HIEU, E U . N G U Y J N H M ^ lam trudng qudc doanh, ra soat hien trang sU
dung quy dat rUng, thu hdi dien tfch suf dung sai muc dfch, kem hieu q u i , vugt k h i nang quan ly ciia cIc lam trudng giao lai cho chfnh quyen dja phuang de cho cac td chUc, ca nhan thue, nang cao hieu qua sU dyng dat.
Bdi mdi phat trien kinh te hgp tac va hgp tac xa, nha nudc ho trg va tao dieu kien phat trien kinh te hgp t i c tren ca sd lien ket, lien minh giUa cIc hd, cac trang trai bang nhieu hinh thUc, nhieu cap dp. fldi mdi v l phat trien he thdng quan ly va he thdng td chUc san xuat, kinh doanh trong ndng nghiep;
tang cudng lien ket,tham gia ciia c i c t d chUc xa hdi trong SXNN.
Phat trien kinh te trang trai, gia trai theo hudng sin xuat hang hda theo hlnh thUc cdng nghiep, ban cdng nghiep tao ra cac sin pham cd g i i trj kinh te cao, cd nhu cau Idn tren thj trudng. Tao sy lien ket giUa cac trang trai vdi nhau, giUa trang trai vdi HTX hole doanh nghiep tUcung Ung v l t t u dau vao den tieu thy san pham. Tiep tuc ddi mdi td chUc san xuat trong cac vimg san xuat nguyen lieu theo chuoi san pham va chuoi gia tri, tren ca sd phat trien lien ket, lien doanh vdi vai trd doanh nghiep che bien lam ndng cdt theo hudng hinh thanh va phat trien cac chuoi gia trj ndng- cdng nghiep vdi gii trj gia tang cao va ben vUng. Tuy nhien, day ia mpt q u i trinh dai, ddi hdi trudc het phai ddi mdi tu duy va tam nhin PTNN, d i m dot pha vIo nhUng diem nghen tao ra sy thay ddi can b i n trong PTNN;
Thd ndm, ndng cao ndng luc vd trinh do eho ddi ngu cdn bg qudn ly diiu hdnh
Can nang cao nang lycva trinh dp cho dpi ngd cin bd quan ly dieu hanh gan vdi dao tao cin bd chuyen mdn nhu: khuyen ndng, bao ve thuc vat... de cd the tiep can va chuyen giao tien bd ky thuat cho ndng dan. Hang nam cd ke hoach d i o tao, bdi dudng, tap
huan cho ngudi ndng dan theo tung vung, tUng dia ban, tUng linh vyc san xuatthong qua chuang trinh khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, tap hua'n; trang bi cho ngUdi dan kien thuc lien ke't, hop t i e trong san xuat v l dao tao ky thult. Bay manh thuc hien chfnh sach dao tao day nghg cho con em ndng dan, dao t?a can bd chuyen sau cho linh vUc i^hlt trien ndng nghiep - ndng thdn - ndng d i n .
Ketluan
Phat trien ndng nghiep theo hudng hien dai II mdt hudng di mang tinh tat yeu khach quan. fldi vdi Nghe An, nhUng nam gan day, nglnh ndng nghiep da dat dugc nhiing thanh tyu ding ke, song thyc te hoat ddng cua nganh vin bdc Id nhUng yeu kem cua mdt nen ndng nghiep nhd le, nang suit, chat lugng thap, g i i trj sin xuat chUa cao, thu nhap v l ddi sdng ciia ngudi ndng dan cdn nhieu kho khan. Vdi mong mudn thay ddi thuc trang nay, tren cd sd danh gia dung thyc trang hoat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep d Nghe An thdi gian qua, ghi nhan nhUng thanh tuu dat dugc v l neu ra nhUng han che con tdn tai, luan g i l l nguyen n h i n han che, ddng thdi phan tich mdt sd n h i n td cd ban cd anh hudng den su PTNN theo hudng hien dal tren dja ban, tU dd chi rd nhCfng van de dat ra can tap trung gill quye't de cd the thyc hien dugc muc tieu PTNN da xic dinh. Vdi Idgic dd, chung tdi da de xua't mpt sd giai p h I p cho tinh Nghe An nham thuc day p h i t trien sin xuat ndng nghiep cd hieu qua cao va ben vUng trong giai doan tdi.
T A I I . I E U THAM KHAO
1. Cue Thdng ke Nghe An (2019), Niin gidm thdng ki tUndm 2010 den nam 2018
2. Nguyen Bo Anh Tuan, fling Kim Khdi (2018), 'Binh hudng p h i t trien ben vUnq ndng nghiep (chan nudi, cay an qua va c i cdng nghiep d l i ngay) tren dia bin mienTiy
Tap chl Khoa hoc x i h6i mien Trung, Sd 03 (59) - 2019 21 tinh Ngh$ An den nam 2020, tam nhin den
nam 2030" Ky' yeu Hdi t h i o khoa hpc Phdt triin mien Tdy Nghi An den ndm 2020, tdm n/iin2030, Nghe An.
3. UBND tinh Nghe An (2018), Bdo cdo Hnh hinh phdt trien kinh te - xd hdi tinh Nghi An nam2018 vd dinh hudng ndm 2019.
4. UBND tinh Nghe An (2019), fido cdo t)nh hinh phdt trien kinh te- xd hgi tinh Nghi An 6 thdng ddu ndm 2019 vd phuang hudng 6 thdng cudi ndm 2019.
5. UBND tinh Nghe An (2018), Quyet iJ/nh sd IS/2018/QD-UBND, ban hdnh quy dinh ve viic thitc hien chinh sdch ho trg phdt trien ndng nghiip, ndng thdn tren dia bdn tinh Nghe An.
6. Nguyen Thj HIi Yen (2018), "Phdt trien ndng nghiip Nghi An theo hudng hiin dai trong dieu kien hgi nhdp kinh tequdc te", Luan an Tien si Kinh te, Vien Khoa hoc x l hdi. Ha Npi.
