HOP TAC ME CONG — HAN QUOC:
TINH HINH, TRIEN VONG VA VAI TRO CUA VIET NAM
TRjiNXUANTIIUy
Tom tat: Vdi vi tri dia chiin luge vd tiim ndng kinh ti, tiiu viing Me Cdng ngdy edng dugc cdc cucmg qudc quan tdm vd trien khai can du. Nam 2019, Hdn Qudc dd chinh thuc ndng cdp hgp tdc v&i cdc nude tiiu vimg Me Cdng len cdp cao nhdt vai viec td chite Hdi nghi thuimg dinh Mi Cdng - Hdn Qudc Idn tha 1 (11/2019, Busan). Diin biin ndy cho thdy vai trd ngdy cdng quan trong cita tiiu vitng Me Cdng trong chien luge cua cdc cuang qudc, ddng thai phdn dnh biic tranh phirc tgp cita cgnh tranh giita cdc cuang qudc tgi tiiu vimg Me Cdng. Ld mdt trong nhiing ddi tdc quan trgng cua Hdn Qudc g khu vue, Viet Nam cd thi phdt huy vai trd tich cue trong hgp tdc tieu vitng ndi ehung ciing nhu trong hgp tdc Me
Cdng- Hdn Qudc ndi rieng.
Tir khda: Han Qudc, Viet Nam, Hop tae tieu vung Me Cdng T ^ d i dien tich gan 2 trieu lon^ va 250
r trieu dan, tieu viing Md Cdng bao gdm 5 qudc gia Campuchia, Lao, Myanmar, Thai Lan va Viet Nam la mot trong nhttng Idiu vuc cd vi tri dia chinh trj, Icinh td quan trong d Chau A- Thai Binh Duofng. Nam d tnmg tSm ASEAN, Icdt ndi true tiep vdi eac nen Icinh te Idn nhu Trung Qudc, An Dd, cd tdc dd phat tridn liinh te binh quan hon 6%/nam, tidu viing Me Cdng thdi gian qua da trd thanh mat xieh quan trpng trong qua trinh lien kdt va hoi nhap kinh tS khu vue.
Hijrp tac tidu viing Me Cdng la kenh quan trpng cung cd mdi trudng hda binh, dn djnh va thuc diy hdi nhap va phat trien tai liru vue Me Cdng. Cac khudn khd hop tac tidu vitng Me Cdng thuc chat la eo chd phdi hpp nd lire, la diln dan dd cae nude Me Cdng eung cd Idng tin, ddi thoai tim bien phap xir ly cae thach thurc ehung tren co sd hai hda
lai ich eac ben. Hien nay, tieu vung Me Cdng dang trd thanh khu vuc canh tranh anh hudng giiia cac nude Idn nhu My, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban...' Ve mat chien lupc, tieu vung Me Cdng nSm trong chidn luoc An Do- Thai Binh Duong eiia My va Nhat Ban, sang kien Vanh dai, Con dudng ciia Trung Qudc va chlnh sach Hanh ddng huttag Ddng cua An Do. Ve mat tridn khai eu the, Nhat Ban da hd trp eac nude Me Cdng khoang 17 ty USD giai doan 2009-2018. My da tai trp 50 trieu USD cho Sang kidn Ha ngudn Me Cdng giai doan 2013-2015 va cam ket tai trp 1,25 trieu USD di khdi ddng Chudng trinh Ddi tac CO sd ha ting ben vihig (SIP) giai doan 2016-2018. An Dp ddng gdp thudng nien 1 trieu USD vao Quy Du an hieu qua nhanh eho cac nude Campuchia, Lao,
• ThS., B6 Ngoai giao
' Le Trung Kien (2020), "Sii can dtt cua Hoa KJ, Tmng Qu6c vh Nhgt Ban t^i tigu vung Me Cong qua cdc co ch6 hpp tdc da phuong: Mpt s6 di xudt chinh sach d6i vcri Viet Nam", Tgp chi Cdng sdn, s6 933-01/2020.
NGHIEN Cdia CONG BflC fl. s6 3(229) 3-2020 13
Myanmar va Viet Nam (CLMV) va tiep tue danh hpc bong cho cac nude Me Cdng^.
Trong dd, Han Qudc la mdt trong nhung ddi tac quan trpng cua tieu viing Me Cdng.
Nam 2019, sau 9 ky Hdi nghi Bd trudng Ngoai giao, Han Qudc da quydt dinh ntog eSp hpp tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc len eip thupng dinh'. Vdi vi the la mdt cudng qudc tim trung, cd quan he kinh te chat che vdi cae nude tidu vting, Han Qudc dang dupe kl vpng se chia se kinh nghiem "ky tieh sdng Han" dd tao ra den "ki tieh sdng Me Cdng"
eho cae nude trong tieu vung. Nam 2020 la nam danh diu 10 nam hpp tae Me Cdng - Han Qudc. Hien da cd nhidu nghien eiiu danh gia vd cae du an hpp tac thuang mai, diu tu eua Han Qudc tai tidu vimg Me Cdng.
Tuy nhien, chua ed nhidu nghien cuu nhin lai mdt each tuang ddi khai quat tidn trinh hpp tae 10 nam qua kdt hpp tit ca gdc dd song phuong va da phuang. Do dd, bai nghidn cilu mong mudn nhin lai tien trinh nay, du bao hudng phat tridn thdi gian tdi cQng nhu danh gia vd vai trd cua Viet Nam trong hpp tae Me Cdng - Han Qude.
1. Ti6n trinh hpp tac Me Cong - Han Qudc 10 nam qua
Tit gdc do song phuang, Han Qudc cd quan he ngoai giao vdi Thai Lan (1958) va Myanmar (1975) nhung chu ylu quan he diu tu thuong mai vdi Thai Lan tir nhimg nam 1980. Han Qudc thidt lap quan he ngoai giao
' Nguyin Xuan Phuc (2018), "Me Cong: Ddng song hop tdc va phdt trign", Bdo dien tic Chlnh phit. http://bao chinhphu.vn/Hoi-nghi-Thuong-dinh-GMS-6-va-Hoi-nghi- Cap-cao-CLV-10/Me-Cong-Dong-song-hop-tac-va-phat- trien/332869.vgp.
^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea (2019), "Press Release by Ministry of Foreing Affairs of the Republic of Korea following 2019 Mekong - ROK Senior Officials' Meeting".
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voi Viet Nam nam 1992, vdi Lao vao nam 1995 va Campuchia nam 1997. Giai doan tii 1998-2008, chinh sach ciia Han Qude vdi cac tludc d tidu viing Me Cdng chii yeu tap trung vao vien trp song phuong va dau tu true tidp ra nude ngoai. Nam 2009, Tdiig thdng Han Qudc Lee Myung-bak da day mang "Sang kidn Chau A mdi", dua chSu Ijic nay thanh mdt ddi tac Idn cua Han Qude, trong dd tSp trung vao mdi quan he vdi eac nude ASEAN".
Tit gdc do da phuang, hpp tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc cd nen tang la tien trinh phat trien quan he ASEAN - Han Qudc. Ttr quan he ddi thoai theo Hnh vue nam 1989, ASEAN va Han Qudc da thidt lap quan he ddi thoai diy dti nam 1991, trcr thanh ddi tac toan dien cua nhau nam 2004, rdi ddi tac chien luoc nam 2010. Va mpt trong nhiing tm tien hpp tac dang chti y cua Han Qudc ddi vdi khu vtrc Ddng Nam A la hpp tae vdi eac nude tidu vting Md Cdng. Y tudng hop tae Md Cdng - Han Qudc dupe dua ra tai Hdi nghi cip cao ASEAN - Han Qude lin thir 13 (29/10/2010) khi Tdng thdng Han Qudc Lee Myung-bak dd xuit td chue Hdi nghi Bd trudng Ngoai giao Me Cdng - Han Qudc nhim tang cudng quan he ehinh tri, kinh te giira cae nude thupc luu vue sdng Me Cdiig va Han Qude, thu hep khoang each phat ttien va hd trp xay dung Cong ddng ASEAN. Hdi nghi Bd trudng Ngoai giao Me Cdng - Han Qudc lin diu tien (thang 10/2011, Seoul) da dua ra "Tuyen bd sdng Han" ve viee thiet lap quan he ddi tae toan dien gitta eac nude Me Cdng va Han Qude vi thinh vuong
' Embassy of ROK to the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (2019), "The Puipose and Overall Direction of the New Asia Initiative", http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/.
NGHIEN C<fa OdNG B^C A sd 3(229) 3-2020
Nghien cicu khoa hoc
ehung" Theo dd, Han Qudc va cac nuac Md Cdng da xac dinh ba Hnh vuc hpp tae uu tien gdm kdt ndi ASEAN, phat tridn bdn vtrng va phat tridn vi con ngudi. Cac trpng tam phat trien gdm: ca sd ha ting, cdng nghe thdng tin, tang trudng xanh, phat tridn ngudn nude, ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn va phat trien ngudn nhan luc. Tuyen bd sdng Han vdi tim nhin ve sir thinh vupng ehung da md ra ea hdi giiip cac doanh nghiep Han Qude tiep can vdi khu vuc Me Cdng cd ngudn nhan lire ddi dao, tdc dp phat tridn kinh te dn dinh, noi eae doanh nghiep Han Qude cd Ipi the canh tranh va xa han la tiep can vdi mdt thi trucmg ASEAN thdng nhat khi tidn dp hinh thanh Cong ddng ASEAN dang dupe diy nhanh'.
Hop tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc tiep tue trd thanh tm tien quan trpng cua Han Qudc vdi ehinh sach hudng Nam mdi dupe Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in cdng bd. Lan dau tien, tm tien chtnh saeh ddi ngo?i cua Han Qude vupt ra ngoai "tii cudng" truyen thdng la My, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban va Nga. Hap tac vdi ASEAN, bao gdm tidu viing Me Cdng, trd thanh mdt trong nhiing uu tien ddi ngoai cua Han Qude. Thang 11/2017, trong khudn khd chuydn tham Viet Nam va du Hdi nghi Diin dan Kinh td Chau A - Thai Binh Ducmg (APEC), Tdng thdng Moon da dua ra "Tam nhin edng ddng tuong lai ASEAN - Han Qudc" vdi cac nguyen tae ca ban tridn khai
"Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi" Sang kidn nay dua tren 3P: cdng ddng con ngudi la
trung tam (People community), edng ddng thinh thupng (Prosperity) va cdng ddng hda binh (Peace commounity).
Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi chuydn hudng tang cudng quan he vdi eac nude Ddng Nam A diln ra trong bdi canh Seoul dang tim each giam su phu thudc vao cae doi tac thuong mai truydn thdng nhu Trung Qude va My'. Chinh saeh hudng Nam dua tren 2 tru cdt la hda binh va thinh vupng vdi 16 tra tien*.
Khac vdi cac chinh sach trudc day, Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi cua Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in dat eac nude ASEAN ndi ehung va eac nude Me Cdng ndi rieng d vi tri rat eao trong ehinh sach ddi ngoai. Ve trien khai, Han Qudc da thanh lap Uy ban dae biet phu trach ehinh sach hudng Nam mdi true thude phu Tdng thdng, tang gap 3 lan sd can bp ngoai giao tai Phai doan thudng true cua Han Qudc tai ASEAN+ va cung cd eo quan ngoai giao tai eac nude ASEAN khae. Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in da cu eac dae phai vien ddn cac nude ASEAN ngay sau khi nham chue va thuc hien chuydn tham cap cao ddn tit ea 10 nude ASEAN trong vdng 2 nam.
Ben eanh ehinh saeh ehung ddi vdi ASEAN, ngay 05/9/2019 tai Vien-chan, Tdng thdng Han Qudc Moon Jae-in da edng bd chidn lupc vd tang cudng quan he ddi tac
' B6 Ngoai giao Vift Nam (2011), "Thong cdo bdo chi ciia B6 Ngoai giao Viet Nain v^ H6i nghi Bo truong Ngoai giao Me Cong - Hdn Qu6c Idn thii nhdt".
Ddi TiSng n6i Viet Nam (2014), "Viet Nam tich eye thiic ddy hpp tdc Mekong-Han Qu6c", https://vovworld.vn/vi- VN/binh-Iuan/viet-nam-tich-cuc-thuc-day-hop-tac- mekong-han-quoc-259083.vov.
' Hoang Thi Ha and Glenn Ong (2020), "Assesing the ROK's New Southern Policy towards ASEAN", ISEAS Perspective, no.7/2020, https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp- content/uploads/pdfs/ISEAS_Perspective_2020_7.pdf
* The Presidential Committee on New Southern Policy (2019), "Policy Introduction", http://www.nsp.go.kr/eng/
poIicy/policy02Page.do.
' Lim Sung Nam (2019), "Korea's New Southern Policy:
Walk to the border, sai! to the island", The Jakarta Post, https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2019/ll/15/kor eas-new-southem-policy-walk-to-the-border-sail-to-the- island.htinl.
NGHIEN CHU DdNG BflC A SO 3(229) 3-2020
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chat ehe vdi cac qudc gia thudc khu vuc sdng Me Cdng. 'Tam nhin Me Cdng" ma Tdng thong Moon Jae-in dua ra nhim hudng tdi mue tieu "ciing nhau thinh vuong" bao gdm 3 tru cot: su thinh vupng dua tren kinh nghiem chia se; tang trudng ben vting; hda binh va eung thinh vupng tai Ddng A " . Han Qude hy vpng se eimg phat trien thjnh vupng vdi eac nude thude khu vue sdng Me Cdng va hy vpng "phep mau ciia sdng Han"
se dSn den "phep mau eiia sdng Me Cdng".
Uu tien quan trpng nhit la xay dung co sd ha tang, theo do Han Qudc sd hd trp viec x^y dung cau, dudng bp, ducmg sat va cang bien d eac nude Me Cdng. Trong Hnh vue phat trien ben vitng, Tdng thdng Han Qudc nhan manh nhu eau bao ve sdng Me Cdng trude tac ddng ciia bidn ddi khi hau va thien tai, ciing nhu dua ra ehien lupe tang trudng xanh"
Thang 11/2019, Hdi nghi Thuang dinh Me Cdng - Han Qudc dien ra ngay 27/11 tai thanh phd Busan da thao luan vd tang cudng hpp tac vi thinh vupng ehung va thdng qua
"Tuyen bd sdng Han sdng Me Cdng".
Tuyen bd thd hidn su nhit tri ciia cac nude Me Cdng va Han Qude trong viec diy manh hpp tae Me Cdng - Hiin Qudc trdn 3 tru cdt ia ngudi dan, thinh vugrng, hda binh va 7 Hnh vuc tm tidn la van hda va du lieh, phat tridn ngudn nhan luc, ndng nghiep va phat tridn ndng thdn, ea sd ha tang, cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng, mdi trudng va cdc
Bdo The giai vd Viit Nam (2019), "Tong thong Hdn Quoc cong bo "Tam nhin Mekong"", https://baoquoc te.vn/tong-thong-han-quoc-cong-bo-tam-nhin-mekong- IO0637.html.
" The Korea Herald (2019), "Moon unveils vision for Korea's cooperation with Mekong region", http://www.
koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20190905000939.
thach thue phi truydn thdng'^. Hdi nghi nhat tri ve viee phat tridn cac du an dua tten edng nghe thdng tin - viin thdng (ICT) nhu chinh phu dien til, thanh phd thdng minh dd thuc day ndn kinh td sd hudng tdi Cach mang edng nghiep 4.0. Cdng nghe ICT duoc nhin manh la ddng luc ddi vdi sang tao, phat tridn kinh te bdn viing va thinh vupng d khu vue.
Ngoai ra, cac ben ciing nhit tri thanh lap mdt
"ttung tam da dang sinh hpc ehung" nhim thuc diy bao tdn da dang sinh hoe d tidu vimg Md Cdng va "trung tam nghien cftu ngudn nude ehung" dat tai Han Qudc.
2. IMot so ket qua chinh dat dirvc Tren eo sd cae tam nhin va dinh hudng hpp tac nhu tten, hpp tae Me Cdng - Han Qudc da trien khai hai ban kd hoach hanh ddng: (i) Ke hoach hanh ddng giai doan 2014-2017 dupe thdng qua tai Hdi nghj Bd trudng Ngoai giao Me Cdng - Han Qudc lan thu 4 (Seoul, 28 - 29/7/2014); Kd hoach hanh dpng giai doan 2017-2020 dupe thdng qua tai Hdi nghj Bd ttudng Ngoai giao Md Cdng Han Qudc lan thiir 7 (Busan, 1/9/2017) vdi 3 tam nhin cu thd: tang cudng ket ndi, phat trien ben vtmg va phat tridn lay con ngudi lam trung tam" Cae hoat ddng dupe trien khai da dat dupe nhiing kdt qua tieh cue trdn nhidu Hnh vue, gdp phan thu hep khoang each phat ttidn, tang cudng kdt ndi khu vuc va xay dung Cpng ddng ASEAN.
" Bao Thi gi&i vd Viet Nam (2019), "Lieu kJ tich s6ng Hdn c6 tr* thdnh ky tich s6ng Mekong?", https://bao quocte.vn/lieu-ky-tich-song-han<o-tro-thanh-ky-tich- song-mekong-10551 S.html.
'^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea (2017) "Press Release by Minisn7 of Foreing Affeirs of the Republic of Korea following 2017 Mekong-ROK Minister Meeting".
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NGHliN Ctra DdNG BflC A sd 3(229) 3-2020Nghien cihi khoa hoc
Ve ca che tdi chinh, Quy hpp tac Me Cdng - Han Qude (MKCF) da dupe thanh lap nam 2013. Trong giai doan tir 2013- 2019, MKCF da cung cip 7,42 ttieu USD nham hd trp thiie diy hgp tae trong khu vue vdi hon 20 du an phat ttiln ngudn nhan lire trong 6 Hnh vuc tm tien: ha tang, cdng nghe thdng tin, phat ttien xanh, phat ttien ngudn nude, ndng nghidp va phat ttien ndng thdn va phat ttien ngudn nhan luc' Cac du an nay da ddng gdp thiet thtrc vao su phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia cac nude Me Cdng, ndi bat la d\i an nghien ciru ve tuyen giao thdng dudng thiiy ndi dia tren sdng Me Cdng, du an irng dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong Hnh vuc van hda, du an quan ly ngudn nude tren sdng Me Cdng lien quan tdi danh bat tren Biln Hd, du an dao tao nghe... Mdt sd du an ma Viet Nam dang trien khai bao gdm du an xay dung md hinh hpp tac ba ben gitla nha khoa hpc - doanh nghiep - chinh phii dl phat triin ky nang va thue diy cdng nghiep hoa d Viet Nam, du an nang cao nang lire ling dung thucmg mai dien tft trong ndng nghiep d tieu viing Me Cdng...
Vi CO che kit ndi doanh nghiep, Dien dan doanh nghidp Me Cdng - Han Qude da dupe td chiire lin diu tien vao nam 2012. Cho tdi nay, da ed 7 ky didn dan dupe to chire voi su tham du cua quan chUe chinh phti va cac doanh nghiep Han Qude va cac nude Me Cdng nhim thilc diy hpp tac cdng - tu. Diln dan da md ra co hoi hpp tae sau rdng cho cac doanh nghiep vtta va nhd, gdp phin tich cue vao su phat trien ciia tieu viing. Dae biet diln dan kinh td nay tao ca hdi eho eac
cdng ty va nha dau tu ciia Han Qude khai thae thi trucmg va nguon tai nguyen tai tiiu viing. Thuong mai hai chieu giOa Han Qude va Md Cdng nam 2018 dat 84,5 ty USD, tang gap 2,4 lan so vdi nam 2010. Vien trp phat triin ODA cua Han Quoc danh cho cac nude Md Cdng nam 2018 chilm 20% tdng vdn ODA cua Han Quoc"
3. Trien vong hap tac
Thdi gian tdi, vdi Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi va viec nang cap hgp tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc len cap thupng dinh, Han Qudc se tiep tue gia tang sir quan tam va ngudn lire trong hpp tac vdi cac nude Me Cdng. Diem mdi dang ehii y la Han Qudc bat dau nhan manh hpp tac xay dung co sd ha tang trong hpp tac da phuang vdi tiiu viing Me Cdng, tir do md dudng cho cac du an Icin so vdi viee trien khai cac du an quy md nhd trong 10 nam qua. Nhieu kha nang tuong tu nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qude se su dung co ehe hap tac da phuang Me Cdng - Han Qudc dl dieu phdi cac chuang trinh, du an song phucmg quy md Idn ddi vdi eac nude Me Cdng. Nhin dai ban, ddi vdi Han Qudc, hgp tac vdi tiiu viing ed y nghia quan ttpng trong viee: (i) tao lap vai trd eua Han Qudc la ddi tac phat trien quan trpng d khu vue; (ii) khai thae thi trudng va ngudn tai nguyen tai tieu viing, tao CO hdi cho cae cdng ty va nha dau tu eiia Han Qudc tham nhap sau hon vao khu v u c "
So vdi cac nude Idn khac d khu vuc, su can du eiia Han Qudc tai tiiu viing Me Cdng
" Mekong Institute (2019), "Mekong-ROK Fund Project Introduction". htIps://www.mekonginstitute.org/what-we- do/deve!opment-funds/mekong-rok-cooperation-fiind/.
" Lee Chi-dong (2019), "S. Korea, Mekong nations pick 7 priority cooperation sectors in Busan summit", Yonhap News Agency, https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20I911 27002251315.
" Le Trung Kien (2018), "Sit can du cua mpt s3 nude tai tiiu vimg Me Cong qua co chS hop tdc tiau vimg vd lign U ldi Vi^ti^am'\ Nghien cuu Qudc ti, 1 (112), pp. 131 - 151.
NGHIEN Cda OdNQ BflC fl. sd 3(229) 3-2020 17
CO nhirng dae thii rieng: (i) Gdc dp tilp can eua Han Qudc liy hgp tae kinh tl lam ehu dao, it cd tinh chat ddi dau, eanh tranh dia chien luge vdi cac nude icm khac dang can du d tiiu vung. Hpp tae vdi Han Quoc vl co ban phu hop vdi lgi ich vl phat triin ciia tiiu viing Me Cdng; (ii) Han Qude cd lpi thl vd lich sir va kinh nghiem phat triin trong hpp tac vdi cac nude Me Cdng, khdng cd vin dl ximg dot lpi tich true tiep vdi cae nude nay.
Dii cam ket tai chinh cua Han Qude ddi vdi tieu vting sdng Me Cdng it hon so vdi Trtmg Qudc hay Nhat Ban nhtmg qudc gia lai nay cd sire manh trong Hnh vtrc cdng nghe thdng tin va vien thdng, trong do, ndi bat la cdng nghe thdng minh eung vdi su phat trien kinh te than ky - hay cdn dugc gpi la "Ky tich sdng Han"; (iii) Vdi tu each la ddng minh eiia My, Han Qude ed the thiic day hpp tac vdi My, Nhat Ban, Austtalia dl nang cao hieu qua trong hpp tae vdi tiiu viing. Ben le Hdi nghi cap cao Ddng A tai Bang Cdc, Thai Lan thang 11/2019, phia My va Han Quoe da td chire tham vin song phuang ve phdi hgp hanh ddng trong thue day hop tac giiia chien lupe An Dp- Thai Binh Ducmg cua My va Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi cda Han Qudc, trong dd nhan manh eac uu tien ve hpp tac nang lupng, ca sd ha tang, dich vu tai chinh, kinh te sd, phat trien eon ngudi
Viec nang cip hgp tac len mire hdi nghi thugng dinh eho thiy su cam ket va uu tien ciia Han Qude danh cho ASEAN ndi ehung va tiiu vimg Me Cdng ndi rieng. Han the.
Chinh sach hudng Nam mdi cua Han Qudc thl hien sit dilu chinh chien luge rd rang ciia Han Qudc nham giam su phti thudc vao My va Trung Qude, hai nude ehiem den 38,1%
xuat khiu eua Han Qudc giai doan 2015- 2017" Cac bien phap tta diia cua Trung Qudc trudc viec Han Qude ttien khai he thdng phdng thii ten lira tam eao giai doan cudi (THAAD) da khiln Han Qude thiet hai khoang 7,5 ty USD. Thuang chien My Trung lam giam 21,3% lupng hang xuat khau cda Han Qudc vao Tnmg Qudc", cdn lenh cam xuat khau cac nguyen lieu trong Hnh vtrc cdng nghe cao de dpa true tiep su phat ttien cua cae nganh dien thoai thdng minh, TV, hda chat va cac cac nganh cdng nghe cao khac . Khd khan trong quan he vdi cac ddi tac Idn cting vdi tinh hap dan va su dn dinh cua khu vtrc tieu vimg Me Cdng la ddng lire manh me thiic day chinh phu va cac doanh nghiep Han Qude dieu chinh .chien lupc, md rdng khdng gian sinh tdn va
phat triin. Cd the khing dinh tdc do tang trudng va tilm nang phat trien kinh t l cua ASEAN dae biet la cae nude thupc tiiu vting Me Cdng khdng chi la thi trudng hap din ma cdn la cd vai trd quyet dinh ddi vdi kinh te Han Qude trong tuang lai.
" US Embassy in Seoul (2019), "U.S. & ROK Issue a Joint Factsheet on their Regional Cooperation Efforts", https://kr.usembassy.gov/110219-joint-fact-sheet-by-the- united-states-and-the-republic-of-korea-on-cooperation- between-the-new-southem-policy-and-the-indo-pacific- strategy/.
" Hoang Thi Ha and Glenn Ong (2020), "Assesing the ROK's New Southern Policy towards ASEAN", ISEAS Perspeethie, no.7/2020, https://www,iseas.edu.sg/wp- content/uploads/pdfs/lSEAS_Perspective_2020_7.pdC
" Megumi Fujikawa vd Kwanwoo Jun (2019), "U.S.- China Trade War Takes Toll on South Korea and Japan,"
The Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u- s-china-hade-war-takes-toll-on-south-korea-and-japan- 11567415192.
^° Bdo Thi giai vd Viet Nam (2019), "Nhdt Ban cdn nhdc mo rpng lenh han chS xudt khau sang Han Quoc", https://baoquocte.vn/nha-t-ba-n-can-nhac-mo-rong-lenh- han-che-xuat-khau-sang-han-quoc-97592.html.
18
NGHIEN Cda OONG BSC fl. sd 3(229) 3-2020Nghien cihi khoa hpc
Tham gia vao hgp tac tieu vimg Me Cdng va ddng vai trd la nha tai ttp eho cac du an hpp tae phat trien ed y nghia quan trgng eho nhttng nd lire triin khai chinh sach qudc gia tam trung cua Han Qudc. Han Qude ngay cang thay rd tam quan trpng cua viee tang cudng lien kit khu vue va tham gia eac thl ehi hpp tae da phuang trong bdi eanh tinh hinh the gidi bat dn, eanh ttanh My - Trung tang cao, Han Qudc cGng dang nd lire tim ra mdt vi tri thich hgp cho minh trong trat tu khu vue.
4. Vai trd eiia Viet Nam trong hgp tac Me Cong - Han Qudc
Ve chien luge, Viet Nam la ddi tac hang diu eua Han Qudc tai khu vuc va ddng vai ttd tich cue trong vide thue diy hgp tac Me Cdng - Han Qude. Thanh cdng cua hgp tac phat trien giiia Han Qudc va Viet Nam cd thl ttd thanh hinh miu cho hgp tac song phuang giiia Han Qudc va cac nude khae ttong khu vue. Phia Han Qudc ludn khing dinh Viet Nam la mdt trong nhttng qudc gia quan trpng hang diu trong ASEAN. Tra ldi phdng vin Thdng tin xS Viet Nam ngay 19/11/2019, Chu tich Uy ban Chinh saeh hudng Nam mdi Joo Hyung Chul khfing dinh: "Tdi tin tudng ring quan he Han Qudc
Viet Nam ddng vai ttd quan trpng nhat ttong qua trinh thiic diy Chinh sach hudng Nam mai va thiic diy hpp tac Han Qudc - Me Cdng, Han Qudc - ASEAN"^'. Vdi vai trd kep la Chu tieh ASEAN 2020 va Uy vien khdng thudng true Hdi ddng Bao an Lien Hop Qudc (2020-2021), ddng thdi la nude ddng dilu phdi hpp tac Me Cdng - Han Qude nam 2020, Viet Nam ed thl phat huy 21 g^g Thi giai vd Viet Nam (2019), "Nhat Ban can nhdc mo rOng lenh h?n chi xudt khau sang Hdn Qu6c", Tidd.
vai ttd trtmg tam eiia minh trong thue day hpp tac, lien ket trong khu vuc, dae biet la trong thiic day lien ket cac ca ehe khac nhau trong khu vuc de tdi uru hda ngudn luc phat trien tieu vimg.
Ve phan minh, Viet Nam ludn coi ttpng, ung hd tang cudng va lam sau sac hon nila quan he ASEAN - Han Qude ndi chtmg va Me Cdng - Han Qudc ndi rieng, xem Han Qude la mot ttong nhtrng ddi tac quan ttpng nhat cd nhilu ddng gdp va hd trg thiet thue cho nd luc ctia ASEAN ttong xay dung Cdng ddng, tang cudng ket ndi, thu hep khoang each phat triin. Phat bilu tai Hpi nghi thupng dinh Me Cdng - Han Qude lan thii nhat, Thu tudng Chinh phii Nguydn Xuan Phiic nhan manh 3 muc tidu ehinh ma hpp tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc cin hucmg den la Cling cd mdi trudng hda binh khu vtrc;
phat ttien kinh te lay ngudi dan lam tnmg t&n, ddi mdi - sang tao lam ddng lire chinh;
va tang trudng kinh t l song hanh vdi bao ve mdi trucmg va bao tdn tai nguyen thien nhien.
D I dat dupe cac miie tieu nay, Thu tudng Nguyin Xuan Phue eho rang, hop tae Me Cdng- Han Qudc ein dae biet ehu trpng: (i) phat triin ha tang giao thdng va cdng nghe thdng tin, phat triin ha ting giao thdng, nang lupng, dd thi; va chia se eac kinh nghiem, chinh sach vl phat triin edng nghe thdng tin, chinh phd dien tu va trien khai mang 5G; (ii) phat triin ngudn nhan lire chat lupng cao thdng qua day manh hgp tae nang cao chat lupng giao due - dao tao va tang cudng hgp tac khoa hpc va cdng nghe; khuyen khich cae chuong trinh hpc bdng, trao ddi chuyen gia; diy manh hgp tae ve nghien eiiu - phat triin va hd trp manh me cac du an khdi nghiep; (iii) tang trudng xanh va quan ly
NGHIEN a i a BONG BflC (i. Sd 3(229) 3-2020 19
ngudn nude: ehia se kinh nghiem quan ly hen hd chiia, he sinh thai, ngudn nude ngim xuyen bien gidi va cdng nghe xu ly nude thai; day manh hop tac trong xay dung va thuc hien chien lupc tang trudng xanh, ap dung md hinh kinh te tuan hoan, thieh img biln ddi khi hau.^^
Ve kinh te, Han Qudc la nha dau tu Idn nhat vao Viet Nam vdi tdng vdn dang ky tinh din thang 9/2019 dat 65,7 ti USD. Viet Nam la ddi tae diu tu ra nude ngoai Idn thir 4 cua Han Qudc sau My, Trung Qudc va Hdng Kdng^^ Cimg vdi cae hoat ddng dau tu, quy md thuang mai giua hai nude ciing khdng ngimg gia tang. Viet Nam la mdt trong hai nude ASEAN duy nhat cd hiep dinh thuang mai tu do song phuang vdi Han Qudc (ciing Singapore). Trong nam 2018, kim ngach thuang mai giira Han Qudc va cac nude Me Cdng dat 84,5 ty USD^'' thi ridng Vidt Nam chilm tdi 65,8 ty USD. Vd quan he van hda xa hdi, diem den sd mdt eiia ngudi dan Han Qudc trong sd cac nude ASEAN la Viet Nam vdi 3,4 ttieu du khach trong nam 2018 (so vdi nude dirng thir hai la Thai Lan vdi 1,8 ttieu du khach)^'
Ve vdn di hda binh trin Bdn ddo Trieu Tien, eac hpc gia Han Qudc tin rang Viet
^^ Hd Ndi mai (2019), "Thu tupng du Hpi nghi cap cao Mekong-Hdn Quoc Idn thti nhat", https.V/hanoimoi.
com.vn/tin-tuc/Doi-ngoai/951453/thu-tuong-du-hoi-nghi- cap-cao-mekong-han-quoc-lan-thu-nhat.
^ Nguyin Hu£mg (2019), "Hdn Quoc: Dpi tdc quan trpng hdng ddu ciia Viet Nam". Bdo Cdng thuang, https://
congthuong.vn/han-quoc-doi-tac-quan-tt-ong-hang-dau- cua-viet-nam-128119.html.
^* Korea Custom Service (2019), "Import/Export by Countries". http://www.customs.go.kr/kcshome/trade/Tra deCountryList.do?layoutMenuNo-21031.
"/15£/lA'focw5(2019), "Asean in Figure", Issue 6/2019, https://www.iseas.edu.sg/wp-
content/uploads/pdfs/ASEANFocus%20-
%20December%202019.pdf
Nam ed quan hd chat che vdi Trilu Tien va la mdt trong nhimg qudc gia phii hgp nhit cd the dua ra eho Tridu Tien nhtrng ldi khuyen ve md cira, cai each va phi hat nhan hda. Do dd, Viet Nam ddng vai trd quan ttpng khdng ehi ddi vdi sir thanh cdng eiia Chinh saeh hudng Nam Mdi, ma cdn ddi vdi hda binh va thinh vupng tten Ban dao Trilu Tien^'.
Ciing vdi viee td chirc thanh cdng Hdi nghi thugng dinh My - Trieu lin thii hai tai Ha Ndi, Viet Nam da phat huy tdt vai ttd ngoai giao hda giai cua minh, tao dupe hinh anh tdt dep ttong long cdng ehung Han Qude.
Ket luan
Vdi vide tridn khai Chinh saeh hudng Nam mdi va td chtrc Hdi nghi thupng dinh Me Cdng - Han Qudc, chinh quyen ciia Tdng thdng Moon Jae-in khang dinh manh me cam kdt cua Han Qudc ddi vdi tieu viing Me Cdng nham xay dung mdt tuong lai tdt dep ehung va tim kiem mpt vi tti phii hgp cho Han Qudc ttong ttat tu khu vue, thoat khdi sir phu thupc vao cae ddi tac truyin thdng nhu My, Trung Qudc, Nhat Ban... Ddi vdi Viet Nam, khu vuc Me Cdng la "khdng gian an ninh va phat trien" true tiep eiia Viet Nam. Cae co chi hop tae tai tieu vtmg, bao gdm hgp tac Me Cdng - Han Qudc la mdt trong nhimg kenh quan ttgng giiip thu hiit ngudn lue phat' trien dat nude, dae biet la trong Hnh vuc phat trien ha tang. Hpp tac Me Cdng ciing tang cudng tinh hieu qua cua hpp tac khu vuc trong nhiing van de cu the nhu an ninh ngudn nude, phdng chdng thien
Thong tdn xa Viet Nam (2019), "Phong van gicri chiic, hpc gia Hdn Qu6c tru6c thim chuyen thdm Hdn Qu6c tu ngdy 24-28/11/2019 ciia Thu hrpng Chinh phti Nguyin Xuan Phdc". https://vnanet.vn/vi/anh/anh-thoi-su-quoc-te- 1049/gioi-chuc-va-hoc-gia-han-quoc-tra-loi-phong-van- ttxvn-truoc-chuyen-tham-cua-thu-tupng-nguyen-xuan- phuc-4210942.html.
20
NGHIEN Cda DONG B^C fl. S d 3 ( 2 2 9 ) 3 - 2 0 2 0Nghien cihi khoa hpc
tai... Viet Nam ed quan he tdt vdi tat ea eac nude Idn va la thanh vien tich cue trong tat ea eac co che tai tiiu vimg. Vdi uu the trong quan he vdi Han Qude, Viet Nam dupe coi la nhan td quan trpng giiip Han Qudc tham gia sau han vao hop tac tieu viing, thiic day hpp tac phat trien cimg ed lpi giiia tieu vimg Me Cdng va Han Qudc. Day la ndi dung can tiep tuc nghien ciiru sau ttong ttmg nganh, timg Hnh vue cu thl de cd thl tan dung tdi da CO hpi, han chd thach thiirc tir xu hudng gia tang quan tam va can du ciia cac cudng qudc, ttong dd cd Han Qudc, tai tieu vtmg.
Qua dd gdp phan ttien khai hieu qua cae chil truang dudng ldi ddi ngoai ciia Dang va Nha nude, bao gdm vfin kien Dai hdi XII ciia Dang, Nghi quyit 22-NQ/TW ciia Bd Chinh tti ve hpi nhap qudc te dugc ban hanh thang 4/2013, Nghi quyit trung uong 8 (Khda IX) vl Chiln luge bao ve td qude trong tinh hinh mdi, Nghi quyit sd 06-NQ/TW khoa XII ngay 6/11/2016 ve thuc hien cd hieu qua tiin ttinh hdi nhap kinh t l qudc te, giQ vOng dn dinh ehinh tri - xa hdi trong bdi eanh Viet Nam tham gia eac hidp dinh thuang mai tu do thd he mdi va Chi thj sd 25-CT/TW eila Ban Bi thu v l diy m?nh va nang tim ddi ngoai da phuang din nam 2030./.
TAI LIfU THAM KHAO 1. ASEAN Focus (2019), "ASEAN in Figure", Issue 6/2019, https://www.iseas.edu.
sg/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/ASEANFocus%20-
%20Deeember%202019.pdf.
2. Bdo Thi gidi vd Viet Nam (2019), "Lieu ky tich sdng Han cd trd thanh ky tich sdng Mekong?", https://baoquocte.vn/lieu-ky-tich- song-han-co-tto-thanh-ky-tich-song-mekong- 105518.html.
3. Bdo Thi gidi vd Viet Nam (2019), "Nhat Ban can nhfic md rdng lenh han chi xuit khiu sang Han Qudc", https://baoquocte.vn/nha-t-ba- n-can-nhac-mo-rong-lenh-han-che-xuat-khau- sang-han-quoc-97592.html.
4. Bdo Thi gidi vd Viet Nam (2019), Tdng thdng Han Qudc cdng bd "Tim nhin Mekong", https://baoquocte.vn/tong-thong-han-quoc-cong- bo-tam-nhin-mekong-100637.html.
5. Bg Ngoai giao Viet Nam (2011), "Thdng cao bao chi ciia Bp Ngoai giao Viet Nam ve Hpi nghi Bo trudng Ngoai giao Me Cong - Han Qudc lan thir nhat".
6. Dai Tiing ndi Viet Nam (2014), "Via Nam tich cue thiic diy hop tac Mekong-Han Qudc", https://vovworld.vn/vi-VN/binh-luan/
viet-nam-tich-cuc-thuc-day-hop-tac-mekong- han-quoc-259083.vov.
7. Hd Ngi mdi (2019), "Thii tudng du Hdi nghi c i p cao Mekong-Han Qudc lan thii nhat", https://hanoimoi.com.vn/tin-tuc/Doi-
ngoai/951453/thu-tuong-du-hoi-nghi-cap-cao-, mekong-han-quoc-lan-thu-nhat
8. Le Trung Kien (2018), "Su can du cua mpt sd nude tai tiiu vimg Me Cdng qua co che hpp tac tiiu viing va lien he tdi Viet Nam", Nghien citu Qudc ti, 1 (112), pp. 131 - 151.
9. Le Trung Kien (2020), "Su can du cua Hoa Ky, Trung Qudc va Nhat Ban tai tiiu viing Me Cdng qua cac co chi hpp tac da phuong:
Mot sd dl xuit chinh sach ddi vdi Viet Nam", Tgp chi Cgng sdn, sd 933 - 01/2020.
10. Nguyin Hudng (2019), "Han Qudc: Ddi tac quan trong hang dau ciia Viet Nam", Bdo Cdng thuang, https:// congthuong.vn/han-quoc- doi-tac-quan-trong-hang-dau-cua-viet-nam- 128119.html.
11. Nguyin Xuan Phiic (2018), "Me Cdng:
Ddng sdng hgp tac va phat triin", Bdo dien tit Chinh phil, http://baocliinhphu.vn/Hoi-nghi-
NGHIEN Cda OdNG BAC fl. so 3(229) 3-2020
21
Thuong-dinh-GMS-6-va-Hoi-nghi-Cap-cao- CLV-10/Me-Cong-Dong-song-hop-tac-va-phat- trien/332869.vgp.
12. Thong tan xa Viet Nam (2019), "Phong vdn gioi churc, hoc gia Han Qu6c tnrac thSm chuyin tham Han Qu6c tir ngay 24-28/11/2019 c^a Thu tucmg Chinh phu Nguyin Xuan Phiic", https://vnanet.vn/vi/anh/anh-thoi-su-quoc-te- 1049/gioi-chuc-va-hoc-gia-han-quoc-tra-loi- phong-van-ttxvn-truoc-chuyen-tham-cua-thu- tuong-nguyen-xuan-phuc-4210942.html.
13. Embassy of ROK to the Independent State of Papua New Guinea (2019), "The Purpose and Overall Direction of the New Asia Initiative", http://overseas.mofa.go.kr/.
14. Hoang Thi Ha and Glenn Ong (2020),
"Assesing the ROK's New Southern Policy towards ASEAN", ISEAS Perspective, no.7/2020, https://www.iseas.edu, sg/wp-content/
uploads/pdfs/ISEAS_Perspective_2020_7.pdf.
15. Korea Custom Service (2019),
"Import/Export by Countries", http://www.
customs.go.kr/kcshome/trade/TradeCountryList.
do?layoutMenuNo-21031.
16. Lee Chi-dong (2019), "S. Korea, Mekong nations pick 7 priority cooperation sectors in Busan summit", Yonhap News Agency, https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20191I 27002251315.
17. Lim Sung Nam (2019), "Korea's New Southern Policy: Walk to the border, sail to the island". The Jakarta Post, https://www.theja kartapost.com/academia/2019/ 11/15/koreas- new-southem-policy-walk-to-the-border-sail-to- tfae-island.html.
18. Megumi Fujikawa va Kwanwoo Jun (2019), "U.S.-China Trade War Takes Toll on South Korea and Japan," The Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-china
- trade-war-takes-toll-on-south-korea-and-japan- 11567415192
19. Mekong Institute (2019), "Mekong-ROK Fund Project Introduction", https://www.me konginstitute.org/what-we-do/development- fimds/mekong-rok-cooperation-fund/
20. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea (2019), "Press Release by Ministry of Foreing Affairs of the Republic of Korea following 2019 Mekong - ROK Senior Officials' Meeting".
21. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea (2017), "Press Release by Ministry of Foreing Affairs of the Republic of Korea following 2017 Mekong-ROK Minister Meeting".
22. The Korea Herald (2019), "Moon unveils vision for Korea's cooperation with Mekong region", http://www.koreaherald.
com/view.php?ud=20190905000939.
23. The Presidential Committee on New Southern Policy (2019), "Policy Introduction", http://www.nsp.go.kr/eng/policy/policy02Page.
do.
24. US Embassy in Seoul (2019), "U.S. &
ROK Issue a Joint Factsheet on their Regional Cooperation Efforts", https://kr.usembassy.gov/
110219-joint-fact-sheet-by-the-imited-states- and-the-republic-of-korea-on-cooperation- between-the-new-southem-poHcy-and-the-indo- pacific-strategy/.
