Tac dong cua cac dong lu'c va rao can cua giang vien t6i nang suat khoa hoc:
Trifofng hgfp cac triTofng
dai hoc kinh te tai Viet Nam
• • • •
TRAN DAI HAI*
DCfdMG THj LlIu"
Tom t^t
Nghien cffu dUffc thuc hien nhdm ddnh gid dnh hudng cua nhffng dgng luc vd rdo cdn tdi ndng sudt khoa hgc cda gidng vien cdc trudng dgi hgc kinh te d Viet Nam. Ki't qud cho thdy, ndng sudt khoa hgc cda gidng viin chiu dnh hudng bdi Dam mi nghiin cffu. Theo dudi hgc thudt, Rdo cdn cff sd vdt chdt vd Ap luc nghiin cffu. Tff dd, mot sdgffi y hffu ich dUffc de xudt cho cdc trudng dgi hgc khdi kinh tenham thuc ddy hogt dgng nghien cffu. ldng ndng sudt nghien cffu khoa hgc cua gidng viin cdc IrUdng.
Tvt khoa: ndng sud't khoa hgc, dgng lUc nghiin cffu, rdo cdn nghien cffu, dgi hgc kmh te Summary
The study aims to assess the impact of the motivations and barriers to scientific productivity of lecturers in economics universities in Vietnam. The results show that their scientific productivity is influencedby Passionfor research. Academic pursuit. Facility barriers and Research pressure.
From this finding, a number of useful suggestions are proposed for economics universities to promote research activities and increase scientific productivity of lecturers.
Keywords: scientific productivity, research motivations, research barriers, economics university GlCfl THIEU kinh td'dffdc xem nhff mdt did'm sang ve edng bd qud'c te.
Xu hffdng eung eho thay, cae ttffdng dang stf dung nhieu Nghien ciJu khoa hgc la trpng tdm bidn phap khae nhau de thuc day boat ddng nghidn eutt cua bd't ky trffdng dai hgc nao, nd pban va edng bd qud'c td'. De tbuc day boat dgng nghidn culi biet giffa rapt trffdng tiai hoc vd cdc ttong eac trudng, dae bidt la cae ttUdng kinh te can xem trudng nghe. Trong cac bang xe'p hang xet thuc day eac dong lUc cua giang vien va giam cae rao dai hpc uy tin trdn the' gidi (nbU: THE, can dd'i vdi hg. Bdi vay, nghien cuXi nay dUde thuc hien QS..), trpng sd eiia boat dgng nghidn cffu danh gia anh hffdng cua dgng Iffe va rao can cd nhan ddi khoa hpc thffdng chie'm ty trpng Idn trong vdi giang vidn tdi nang suat khoa hpe eua giang vidn tai die'm xe'p hang. Bdi vdy, d l eac trffdng cdc ttUdng dai hpc kinh td'tai ViptNam(fifl(v(/r:si?<i««.g dai hoc hffdng tdi hpi nhap qud'c td', vffdn cdch vie't sdthdp phdn theo chudn qudc te).
tdi ddng ca'p quo'c td' Erong thdi gian tdi,
ddi hdi phai dau tU nhieu cho hoat ddng CO sO LY THUYET nghien effu khoa hpe.
So vdi eae ttffdng dai hpe nganh khoa Ndng sud't khoa hgc
hoc xa hdi va nhan van, thi nhdm cde Nang sua't kboa bpc pban anh dau ra (sd lUdng va Erffdng dai hpc kinh te' la nhttng ttffdng di cha't Iffdng) ciia boat ddng nghien cffu d ca khia canh tien phong ffong vide hpi nhap hoaE ddng Eo chffc va ca nhan. Do Iffdng nang sua't khoa hpc dtrdc nghidn cffu vdi the' gidi. Mac du, hoat dinh nghta la vide phdt trien cae phffdng pbap dinb dpng nghidn effu, san pham nghien citu Iffdng de danh gia vide phat trien kboa hgc nhff mpt eon chffa nhilu, nhffng eac trffdng dai hoe qua trinh thdng tin (Nalimov & Mulejenko, 1971).
Bg Giao due va Dao tao
"PGS, TS.. Khoa Quan tri Kinh doanh - TrUdng Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan Ngdy nhdn bdi: 02/10/2019; Ngdy phdn bl?n: 21/10/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng; 22/10/2019
Economy and Forecast Review '
BAMG 1: BAtSG TinH DIEM NGHIEN CCfU
S T T | Loai 1 Die'm mivrtffi Diem tliam gia de tdt
1 2 3 4 5 6
Chii nhiem de lai cS.'p nha nUdc Tham gia de tai cap nha nUdc Chu nhiem de tSi cap bo va tUdng difcfng Tham gia de tai cap b6 va itTdne difOng Chii nhiem de tiii cap tnfcfng va tUdng difdns Tham gia de tai cip trirBns va tu'dng dLTOng
3 1 0.5 0 5 0,25 Biem viet sdch
1 2 3 4
Chu bi6n giao tnnh Tham gia viet giao trinh Viet sach chuyen khao Tham gia vie't sach chuyen khao
1 0.5 0.5 o-'s Biem cong trinli cdng bo tren tap chi, hdi tftdo (bai bdo)
1 2 3 4 5
Tap chi trong danh muc ISI/Scopus Tap chi quoc te khong irong danh muc ISI/Scopus Tap chi khoa hoc 1 diem
Tap chi khoa hoc t& 0 5 d^n 0 75 diem Hoi thiio quoc gia, quoc tfe'
2 I 1 0.625
0.5 Diim hudng dan sinh vien nghien cffu lihoa hoc
1 2 3
Sinh vien nghien ciiXi khoa hoc du'dc giai thu'cing cap bo Sinh vien nghien cuXi khoa hoc di/du giai cCp tru'cmg Sinh vien khong du'dc giai
1 0.5 0.25 Biem cho hUdng ddn cao hoc vien, nghien cffu sinh
1 2 3 4
Nghien cii'u sinh da bao ve thanh cong luan an lien sv Nghien ciJu sinh dang thUc hien
Cao hoc vien bao ve ihanh cong luan van thac sv Cao hoc vien dang lam luan van thac sy
1 0.5 0.5 0.25 Nguon Do xual cu.i n h o m lac g^i
Trong pbam vi cua nghidn cffu nay, chung tdi danb gia nang sua't khoa hgc thdng qua ca so'Iffdng va chd't Iffdng nghien cffu ciia giang vien. Ve so' Iffdng, chung tdi danh gia qua so' Iffdng bai bao khoa hpc cdng bd, bai nghidn cffu ddng tai cac hpi thao va sach xua't ban.
Ngoai ra, de ddnh gia nang sua't kboa hgc, chung toi danb gia cac chi tidu gian tid'p khac, nhff: so'bpc vidn cao hgc, nhdm sinh vien nghien cffu khoa hpe hay hffdng dan nghidn cu\i sinh tie'n sT.
Moi quan h^ giiia giffa dgng cff nghien cdu, rdo cdn nghien cdu vd ndng suat khoa hgc
Dong cff nghien cffu
Dpng cd nghien effu Id nhffng thdi thuc xua't phdt tff cac yd'u td'bdn trong va ben ngoai thue day eon ngirdi thffc hien mdt banh dpng nao dd (Ryan & Deci, 2000).
Ddng cd thiie day thffe hidn dffdc chia Iam bai nhdm: (1) ddng ed ben trong va (2) dpng cd bdn ngoai. Trong do:
- Dpng cd ben trong Id nhffng dpng Iffc thiic dd'y banh dpng khdng Hen quan de'n nhffng kich thieh vdt chat ben ngoai. Dd'i vdi boat dpng nghidn cffu, mpt so' nha nghien effu cbo rang, boat dpng xua't ban khdng phai VI cae phan thffdng ben ngoai, ma ddn gian la hp thieh qua trinh nghien cffu. Vide hffng thu tbeo dudi hoc thuat va tta thich qua tnnh giang day de dat du'dc sff ddnh gid cao vd ton trpng la yd'u to quan trpng thue day giang vien nghidn cii\i. Dpng Iffe bdn trong cd anh hffdng ldn tdi giang vidn, bdi no lien quan dd'n ed hdi hoe bdi, ren luyen cdc ky ndng. Dpng Iffc ben trorig Cling lien '.V'y-i dd'n sff dpc lap, ar cbu trong cdng vide
va mong mud'n dat dffdc L! *-' &
chinb nd Iffc cua ho. Don:: i''^" ^™"g cd the xua't phat tff ba nliotn chinh la:
dam me nghidn cutt, tbeo dudi hoc thuat, sir ttt ehu va ddng gdp cho xu hpi. Nhii vdy, cde ddng ed bdn trong ^o mdi quan he vdi khd nang thffc hien boat dpng nghidn cffu va ne'u duic day tdt ddng cd ben trong, thi se giup tang nang sud't nghien cffu. Do do, nghien effu nay dffa ra gia thuyd't:
HI: Dpng ed bdn trong cd tde ddng tich cffc dd'n nang sud't nghidn effu eua giang vien.
- Ddng cd ben ngoai la nhffng thuc dd'y thttc hidn tff ben ngoai, nhff; cac phan thffdng tai chinh, vinh danb hay nhffng bieu tffdng thanh cdng. Ddng cd ben ngoai xua'E pbat tff eac ldi ieh vat cha't va tinh than ma giang vidn nhan dttdc tff viec nghidn cffu. Bdi vay, nhffng tbuc day bang cac phan thffdng tai chinh, vat cha't ed Ehe giup gia tang hoat dgng nghien cffu va xua't ban va nhd dd, nang sua't khoa hpc ciia cde giang vidn se tang Ien. Dieu nay cung dttdc chffng minh qua cde nghien cffu trffdc day eho tha'y he thd'ng khen thffdng td't trong cdc trffdng dai hoc Iam tang nang sua't nghien effu Clia giang vidn. Bdi vSy, nghidn cffu nay dffa ra gia Ebuye'E:
H2: Ddng ed bdn ngoai cd tdc ddng tieh effe de'n nang sua't kboa hoe ciia giang vidn.
Rdo cdn nghien cffu
Rao can nghidn cffu la nhffng can ttd, khd khan anh hffdng tdi kha nang thffc hien nghien effu cua giang vien. Nhthig trffdng, khoa dd'i mat vdi nhilu can trd se lam giam cac hoat ddng nghien cffu va giam nang sua't khoa hoc cua giang vidn (Renko, 2013). Rao can nghien cffu cd t h l xua't phat tff eae ngudn khae nhau, dd la: he tbd'ng ed sd vat chat; thie'u kie'n thffc vd kinh nghidm_ trong nghien ctiM;
do tudi va nbuttg hd trp iff khoa, nha tnfdng va khd'i Iffdng giang day va van hda khoahpc. Tff do, nghidn cffu dffa ra gia thuye't:
H3: Cac rao can nghidn cutt ed anh hffdng tidu effe de'n nang sua't khoa hgc Clia giang vidn.
PHL/aNG PHAP Phdt trien thang dr.
Nang sud't khoa b*
dffdc tham khao tff dan
Nciaj
ng vien
•ighidn
cffu cua Hpi ddng Chffc danh Gido sff Nha nffdc va y kid'n ctia 10 chuydn gia la nhflng nha nghien eu^ cd nbilu kinb nghiem trong xud't ban khoa hgc ttorig nffdc va qud'c te. Nam nhom tieu chuan nghidn effu dffdc danh gia, bao gdm: (1) chu nhidm va thanh vien ede d l tai eac cap, tff cd'p ttffdng den ca'p bp; (2) ehu nhiera hodc tbanh vidn tham gia vie't gido Erinh giang day; (3) tae gia eua cdc bai bdo khoa hgc tten cae tap chi va hgi thao chuyen nganh; (4) hffdng ddn sinh vidn nghidn effu khoa hge; (5) hffdng dan hoc vidn eao hge, nghidn cffu smh. Tiiy vao mffc do ddng gdp, cac san pham nghien cffu dffdc tinh mpt he so diem nha't dinh theo diem ddnh gia ciia Hdi ddng Chffc danh Giao sff Nha nffdc, trong dd nhffng bai bao dang trong danb muc ISI/Seopus dffdc ddnh gia cao bdn cae tap chi trong nffdc (Bang 1).
Cac thang do vl dgng ed va rao can nghien cffu dffdc tham khao tff cac nghien effu cua Lam (2011) va Renko (2013).
Phffdng phap dich ngffdc dffdc sff dung de' dam bao y nghta gd'c eua ede cau hoi sff dutig cho bang hdi cud'i cung.
Mdu nghien cffu vd phUffng phdp thu thgp dff lieu
Dd'i tffdng khdo sat la giang vidn cac trffdng dai hgc kinh te' d Viet Nam, gdm: Trffdng Dai bpc Kinh te' Qud'c dan, Trttdng Dai hgc Kinh td' TP. Ho Chi Minh, Trffdng Dai hoe Thffdng mat, Trifdng Dai hpc Kinh td'-Luat Nhdm tae gia phat di 250 phie'u dieu tra trong nam 2018, Ebu ve du'dc 207 phidu dieu tta dii didu kidn cho phdn tieh. Dieu tta dffdc thffe bien vdi sff trd giup ciia lanh dao cac khoa/vidn eua eae trffdng thdng qua cdch lay mau theo mang quan be.
PhUffng phdp phdn tich dff lieu Nghien ciitt su" dung cde phan ticb da bie'n d l kiem dinb cae gia thuyd't nghien cffu. Dau tien, hd sd'Cronbaeh's Alpha va phan tich nban to' khdm phd (EFA) dffdc sff dung de ddnh gia tinh tin cay ciia eac khai niem nghidn effu. Tie'p theo, phdn lich khdng dinb nban td (CFA) dffdc su' dung d l danh gia gia tn phan bidt va tinh tffdng thich ciia md hinh vdi dff beu tbi trffdng. Cae tieu chuan thieh bdp dffdc sff dung la he so'Cronbach's Alpha Idn hdn 0.6, phan tich EFA cd KMO Idn hdn 0.5, phffdng sai giai thich ldn hdn 50%, cdc trong so' ldn hdn 0.5 (Hair va cdng sff, 2006). Cac hd sd CFI, TLI, IFI ldn hdn 0.85 va RMSEA nhd bdn 0.08 dffdc xem
BAISG 2 : K E T Q U A D A N H GIA StT TIN CAY THANG DO Nhan td'
Dong cd tai chinh Theo duoi hoc thuat Dam me nghien ctJXi Ap ILTC nghien cthi Sir tu chu va dong gop xa hoi Rao can cd sd vat chat Thi§'u kien thu'c va kmh nghiSm Tuoi tac va ho trd cua nha tru'tJng Khoi lu'dng giang day va van h6a khoa hoc
H§so Cronbach's Alpha
0,7)3 0.689 0.801 0711 0 854 0 633 0 789 0813 0 722
S6' bi^'n
3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4
luan Dat Dat Dat Dat Dat Dat Dat Dat Dat
la thich hdp cho pban tich CFA. De kiem dinh eac gia thuye't nghidn effu, chung tdi sff dung phan tich hdi quy bdi vdi mffe y nghia tbd'ng kd 5%. Cdc phan tich dttdc thifc hien vdi sff hd trd cua pban mem SPSS va AMOS.
KET QUA PHAN TICH
Ddnh gid do tin cdy vd thich hffp cda cdc thang do Ke'l qua pban lich cho tha'y, phan ticb EFA cho ke't qua bie'n dgng cd bdn trong hinh thdnh 3 nhan td la:
dam me nghien cihi; theo dudi hoe thuat; sff iff chii va dong gdp xa hdi. Dgng cd ben ngoai gdm 2 nban to' la:
dgng cd tai ehinh; cdc ph^n thffdng. Rao can nghidn cffu gdm 4 nhan td': cd sd vat chaE; Ehie'u kid'n thffc vd kinh nghiem nghidn cffu; dd ludi vd cdc hd trd cua nha trffdng; khd'i Iffdng giang day va van hda kboa boc.
Cae lieu chuan cho pban tfch EFA va he so'Cronbach's Alpha (Bang I) deu dat.
Ket qua phdn tich CFA cung chi ra, cdc he so'CFI
= 0.852, IFl = 0.853 vd RMSEA = 0.071 nhd hdn 0.08.
Dieu nay cd nghia la, md bmh nghidn cffu tffdng Ihich vdi dff lieu thffc Id'. Cac trpng sd' nhdn Id' cua cac bie'n quan sal deu ldn hdn 0.5 eho tha'y, eae khai mem nghidn cffu dat gid tri hdi tu. Kiem dinb khoang tin cdy 95% cua hd so' tffdng quan khdng chffa gia tn I, nhff vdy cac khai niem nghien cffu dat gid tri phdn bidt.
Phdn tich hdi quy vd kiem dinh cdc gid thuyet nghien cUu
De kiem dinh eae gia thuye't nghidn cffu, chiing tdi sff dung phan tich hdi quy. Kd'l qua trinh bay lai Bang 2 cho tha'y, 04/09 nban id dat yeu eau vdi gia tri p-value<
0.05. Cu the, Theo dudi bpc thuat. Dam md nghien cffu, Ap life nghidn effu va Rao can cd sd vat ehd't cd anh hu'dng tdi nang suat khoa hoc cua giang vien.
THAO LUAN VA HAM Y NGHIEN CLfU Ket qua nghidn cffu da ehi ra, khdng phai tat^ca ede ddng cd va rao can nghidn cffu deu cd anh hffdng tdi nang sua't nghien cffu ciia giang vidn. Xu hffdng cbo tha'y, ede dpng cd ben ngoai khong cd nhieu anh hffdng Edi nang sua't nghien cffu cua giang vidn. Trong khi dd, cac dgng ed ben irong, nhff: Dam md nghidn cffu, Tbeo dudi hge Ihuat cd anh hffdng khd manh ldi ke't
Economy and Forecasl Review 119
B A N G 2 : K E T Q U A P H A N Tl'CH HOI QQY Bie'n ddc ISp
He so chan Dong cd tai chinh Theo duoi hoc thuat Dam me nghien ei'fii Ap life nghien cu'ii Sif ur chij vS dong gop xahoi
Rao can cd sd vat chat Thieu kien thii'c va kinh nghiem Tudi Eac va ho Ird ciia nha triTcIng KhS'i lu'dng giang day v& van boa kboa boc
H&sS'h6iquy cbi^a chu£n hoa
Beta 3.97S
.0i2 4.469 4.929 -5.664 .233 -3 265 -904 -.001 -.135
S.D 7.165 1 251 2.047 1.998 2 333 J.684 1.257 1.233 1.280 1.591
H^so chu^n hoa
Beta 000 125 125 -.154 007 -.103 -031 000 -003
t .555 .010 2.183 2.467 -2.427 -139 -2.597 -.733 -.001 -.085
p-value .579 .992 .030 .014 .016 890 .010 .464 999 .933
Thd'ng ke da c3ng quyg'n
VIF 1.303 2.896 2.274 3,553 2.224 1 389 1 595 1,390 1.470 p-value (F) = 0.000
R^= 0.658
a Bien phu thuoc: Nang suat khoa hoc
Ghi chu: Ndng sud't khoa hpc linh bang long diem nghien cdu quy doi ciia gidng vien r^guon Phan tich cua n h o m tac qia
qua nghidn cffu. Rao can ve ed sd vdt chd't cung cd anh hffdng kha rd rang tdi nang sua't khoa hoc cua giang vidn cac tru'dng dai hgc kinb td'. Dieu nay cd the dffdc giai thicb rang, trong bd'i canh hien tai, do ede kich thieh vat ehat cho boat dpng nghidn cii^i chifa nhidu, ndn anh hffdng eua nd ldi kd't qua nghien cffu cua giang vien cdn kha ban che, md nhat. Hoat ddng nghidn cffu Clia giang vidn cae trifdng kinh Id' pbin ldn vAn de'n tff ede dpng Iffc ben trong nhff mgi sff the bidn vai trd cua bp vdi xa bpi, xud't phat iff dam me nghidn cffu va mong mud'n tbeo dudi eac va'n de bpc thudt hdn la eac phan thifdng tai ehinh thu difdc. Dieu nay cung khd phii hdp vdi thffc td' bien nay tai eac tru'dng dai hge, nghien cffu dffdc xem nhff mdt ehi tidu bat bude, nhffng lai thie'u eac kich thich kinh te' can ihid't. Thffe id', vide thffc hien cac de lai nghien cii\i khdng du tbu hut ve eac ldi ich tai chinh vdi giang vien do nhffng rao can tff
hd thd'ng phe duyel de tai \ :'• . '^,'" ^ "
dd tai. Cde giang vidn van ttiffc luen cde de tai va bai bao nghien cdu do dmh mffc gid khoa hpc bat budc hdn la 'hu dffdc cae ldi ich kinh te'.
Qua kd't qua nghidn cdu nky, chung tdi de xua't mpt sd hffdng nghidn cffu eho eac trffdng dai hpc kinh td' nhdm thdc day cde boat dgng nghidn cffu khoa^ hge^va ndng cao nang sua't nghien effu cua giang vien, nhtf sau;
Thff nhdt, xay dffng van hda khoa hoc trong nha trffdng va chap nhdn eac tidu ehuan ddnh gid khoa hpc qud'c td', Dieu nay can thay ddi tff viec xel duyet de lai nghien cti^i, tham dinh de tai nghien effxi va phd duydt eua cac hpi ddng khoa hoc. Tid'n hanb bd cd che' dai'u thau khoa hgc va thay bang cdc binh duyet chuydn mdn tff cdc hdi ddng chuydn mdn nhff cac nffdc lien tid'n tren the' gidi. Cd lg trinh bo cd chd' nghidm thu de tai thay bang ed ehe'ydu cau xua't ban qud'c te'qua eac tap ehi khoa hgc trong danb muc ISI/Scopus cd binb duyet vdi ede de tai nghien effu, hoae dang ky sd hffu tri lue tff san pham nghien eiJu.
Thff hai, ede tnfdng can tap trung vao dao tao phffdng phap nghien cffu cho giang vidn, ddc bidt la giang vien tre.
Nang suat khoa hoc ciia cac trffdng va giang vidn, ddc bidt la xua't ban qudc Id' con thap chii yeu la do thie'u phffdng phap hay su" dung phffdng phap nghien ei?u kbdng thich hdp. Bdi vdy, cde trffdng cln td chffc lap hud'n nhieu hdn nffa lien quan de'n phu'dng phap nghien effu va cdng bd'cho giang vidn.
Thff ba, ddi mdi cd chd' tai trd nghien cffu khoa hpe trong eae trffdng theo hffdng giam cdc rdo can hanh chinh.Q
TAI LIEUTHAMKHAO
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2. Lam, A. (2011). What motivates academic scientists to engage in research commereiaHzation:
'Gold', 'ribbon' or'puzzle'?./?e.^cflrc/i/7o//c>', 40(10), 1354-1368
3. Nalimov, V., Mulejenko, B. (1971). Measurement ofScience: Study of the DeveiopmenI of Science as an Informalion Process, Washington DC: Foreign Technology Division
4. Pritehard, A. (1969). Statistical bibliography or bibhomedics?, Joumal ofDocu'^eniation, 25,348 5. Renko, M., Kroeek, K. G., Bullough, A. (2011). Expectancy the and nascent entrepreneurship, Small Business Economics, 39(3), 667-684
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