H§i Pja 'y v^ Tai nguyen MSi trudng Thira Thien Hui HgiPja 1^ ViatNam
Phan vung lanh tho phuc vu quy hoach bao ve moi truang (nghien cu'u tru'ang ho-p tai huyen Phu Loc, tinh ThiKa Thien Hui)
Nguyin Huy Anh', Le VSn Thing' Abstract
Fractional territory zoning for environmental protection planning (case study in Phu Loc district, Thua Thien Hue province)
Fractional territory zoning is to divide the territory into integrated geographical units or ecological landscape units Each uml has a closed boundary, is unique and not like other units and is not repealed in the space. This is one of the important contents m research m order to build the environmental protection planning for a district, a province or a territory. By researching fractional territory zoning based on the view of ecological landscape for the task of building the environmental protection planning, the authors divide Phu Loc district into nine sub-territories, including three sub-mountainous territories and six sub-coastal and plain territories This is very important in the environmenlal function zoning step, for supporting to build the environmental protection planning of Phu Loc dntrict scientifically and logically.
I DAT VAN DE
Phil Lgc la mot huyen nim d circ Nam ciia tinh Thua Thien Hui, cd tdng dien tich tu nhien 728,1 km^ (chiem 14,4% dien tich tu nhien toan tinh) va dan sd nam 2010 la 154.426 ngudi (chiem 13,39% dan sd loan tinh). Nam tren true giao thdng quan trgng la Qudc Id IA va dudng sit Bic - Nam, diem giira hai thanh phd quan trgng ciia Viing kinh te trgng diem miln Trung la Hui va Da Nang. Huyen Phii Lgc la trung tam phat triin kinh tl - xS hgi, du ljch nang dgng nhit ciia tinh trong nhiing nam gan day. Trong quy hoach Idng the phat triin kinh tl - xa hdi tinh Thira Thien Hui din nam 2020 va djnh hudng den nam 2025, huyen Phu Ldc dugc xac djnh la dja ban trgng diem, cd y nghia chien luge, t^o d^ng luc cho sir phal triin kinh te - xS hgi ciia tinh, day la dilu ki6n thuan lgi dl huy?n phat trien kinh tl nhung cung tilm an nhirng hiem hga vl d nhiem mdi trudng (hS qua cua sir phat trien kinh te) neu nhu khdng gin vdi quy hoach bao v | moi trudng (QHBVMT).
Cach tiep c^n truyen thong trong cdng tac quy ho?ch va phat triin da din liic khdng du tinh uu viet de giai quyet cd hifu qua cac mdi quan he dan xen, phiic tap giiia cac nhan td kinh te, xa hdi, tai nguyen va mdi trudng. Nhihig quan diem vl phat trien ben virng hi^n tai van chua diy du, nhung co ban da thong nhat rang, cac nha lap quy hoach va ra quyet dinh nhat thiet phai long gep dugc cac nhan to xa hgi, kinh te, tai nguyen va mdi trudng.
QHBVMT la mgt khii ni$m cdn kha mdi me d Viet Nam, din nay da cd mgt sd sang kien dugc ip d^ng trong cac trudng hgp cu the, song van chua dem lai sir thdng nhat chung la lam the nao de giii quyet mgt each hii hda cac mau thuan giiia tang trudng kinh te va bao ve mdi trudng.
Phdn vitng Idnh thd Id phdn chia lanh thd thdnh nhihig dan vf dia ly long hgp hay dan vi cdnh quan sinh thai Mdi dem vi ed ranh gidi khep kin, co dgc diim rieng khong giong cdc viing khdc vd khong lgp lgi trong khdng gian [2, 3, 5]. Day la mot trong nhiing ngi dung quan trgng trong nghien Cliu xay dung QHBVMT cho ISnh thd huyen Phii Lpc. Muc dich ciia cdng tac phan viing lanh tho
'if« Tdi nguyen. Mdi irudng vd Cong nghe sinh hgc - Dgi hqc Hue BIA LV Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRU'DNG
Hji Bja \i vi Tii nguyen M°i "-""^ig Tl''" '^'<'t" ""^ Hji Bja ly Vijij^^
phuc vi> QHBVMT la xay dimg ca sa khoa hpc nhim diju hoa sv phat triin cua he thdng tai nguyj,^
moi trirong - Icinh te - xa hoi dang tSn tfi va phat tnln trong vung, dam bao sao cho sir phat tri In cj,.
he thing l<inh te - xa hoi phu hpp voi kha nang chiu tai cua moi tnrong tir nhien, bap v? dugc B,J|
trirong sing, giiip dua chdt lupng cupc song In dinh va tit d?p hem.
2, KtT QUA THAO LU*N
2.1. Cac nhan to anh hirong den sy phan hoa lanh tho huyen Phu Loc 2.1.1. Vj tri dia ly
Phu Lpc la huyen nim a circ Nam tinh Thira Thien Hui, co toa do dja ly: lOT^SSMS".
108°12'30" dp kinh Dong va 16° 09'54" - 16° 24'48" dp vIBJo. Huyen co 18 don vj hanh chinh dujrc tl chirc thanh 2 thi trin va 16 xa. Phia B k giap thi xa Huang Thuy va huyen Phu Vang, phiaTa\ giap huyen Nam Ddng va phia Nam giap Tp. Da Ning.
2.1.2. Dia chat
Dac diem dja chit huyen Phu Lpc dupe chia thanh 2 khu v\rc chinh la:
- PhOic h^ Hdi Vdn (GaTjhv), phdn bo a cdc day niii dong TruSi, Bach Md, Hdi Vdn, Vinh Timg, Chdn Mdy... Phiic he cd 2 pha xam nhap vd pha dd mach. Phuc he ndy chiim phdn lan lanh tho ciia iiu0 [SJ.
Pha 1: melanogranit biotit, ^anit biotit, ff-cmit 2 mica dgngporpluyr chiim khoi lugng 90%, Phal:
granit 2 miaca sting mdu, hgt nho - vita, p-anit alxit; Pha dd mgch: grand apld hat nhd, pegfnatit muscovh- lurmalin
- Tram tich d? tiir: phan bd tap trung d viing ddng bing vi ven bien ciia huy^n gdm 2 \\^ tang chinh la h^ ting Phu Vang va Phu Bai (amQi^^^pvl, amQi^-^pbl) [8].
2.1.3. Dja hinh
Dja hinh huy^n Phii Lgc dugc chia ra cac tieu vimg chinh sau:
* Khu Virc niii trung binh: Khu vyc nay ndi bat li day Bach Ma - Hai Vin vdi nhieu dinh niii cao tren 1.000 m nhu: Bach Ma, Dgng Trudi, dgng Nong, Hdn Chay, Hdi Mit... Dinh Bach Ma la mgt khdi nui dugc cau tao bang da hoa cuong lan bien chat, mgt kien true the nen dugc tan kien tao nang cao, dinh rgng vi tuang ddi bang phing, cao tir 1.200 - 1,460 m, dgng Nong han cao 1.241 m, dpng Truoi cao 1.154 m. Phin phia Nam ciia Bach Ma - Hai Van cQng cd dg cao Idn vdi dudng dinh nhap nhd nhu hinh rang cua, cic dinh cao deu nam tren dudng phan thuy giiJa Quang Nam, thanh pho Da Ning va Phu Ldc nhu Hdn Than (1.517 m) diu ngudn sdng BCi Lu phia Nam Lgc Thiiy, dinh Hon Chiy (1.413 m), dinh Hdi Mit (1.292 m) diu ngudn sdng Hdi Mit, tilp din ha thip din tir niii Hoi (1.192 m) qua deo Hii Van (724 m).
* Khu vuc ndi thdp: Li nhii'ng noi cd do cao tuyet ddi tir 250 - 750 m, dg cao tuong doi tren I OOm. Dja hinh mii thap phan bl thanh mgt dii hep chuyen tilp tir niii trung binh sang ddi va dong bang. Do nam trong khu vuc dugc menh danh li tui mua cua ci nudc nen dia hinh nhin chung b| cii xe manh, sudn ddc. Vi the xet ve do cao tuyet ddi, khu vuc dia hinh nay rat thip nhung do cao luong ddi l^i tdn.
* Dia hinh doi: Day la khu vuc tilp giap voi ddng bing vdi nhung day ddi cd dg cao tu 10*
250 m. Ndi chung cic doi thudng cd dinh hep, sudn ddc, mdc do chia cit sau v i ngang khi ldn. Vol
394 H6i nghi Khoa hoc Dta ly Todn qudc ldn ihu 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9'20U
p$i Pia ly va Tii nguyen MSi truoTig Thira Thien Hue Hgi Dja ly Vi^t Nam i^c trung hinh thii nhu vay kit hgp vdi mua ldn nen nhieu nai di gdc Id rd tren sudn, tren dinh. Do do, ldp phu thd nhudng d day dugc hinh thinh tren cic san pham phong hda ngheo chat dinh dudng.
* Ddng bdng. Ddng bang li khu vyrc cd dg cao dia hinh tir 10 m trd xudng (gdm ci dam pha va bd bien keo dai tu Bac vao Nam va bj phan cit manh miin tiJ Nam dim Cau Hai den chan deo Hai Van). Ddng bing Phii Ldc thugc loai thip dang dugc tilp tuc hoan thien tren ca sd md rgng dong bang phii sa hien dai cung vdi sir thu hep din dien tich dim pha, tren bl m?t ddng bing trim tich khdng ddng nhat ca ve thanh phin va tudi nhung hiu het deu thugc tram tich De td.
Bdng I. Dien tich cua ede kiiu dia hinh d idnh tho huyen Phii lgc TT
1 2 3 4 5
Kieu dia hinh Niil trung binh Nui thdp Doi Dong bdng Song, hd, ddm phd
Dg cao tuyet diilm) 750 - 2000 250 - 750 10-250
<I0
Dd cao luong ddi
> 100
> 100 10-100
Tong
Dien iich (Ion') 45.1 128.1 170.5 269.2 115.2 728.1
Tyie 1 6.2 1 17,6
23,4 37,0 15,8
100.0 I Ngudn [7]
Nhu vay, dja hinh ngoii vai trd quy djnh tinh chat nen ran trong cau true dung, nd cdn chi phoi m^nh me den che dg nhiet - am, tinh chat ciia dat, tham thuc vat... vi ci xu the chuyen hda vat chit trong cac don vj lanh tho [5].
2.1.4. Khi hau
Dja hinh Phii Ldc cao din tir Ddng sang Tay nen nhiet do cd xu hudng giam din tir Ddng sang Tay.
Nhiet dg trung binh nim: miln niii: 20''C, d6ng bang: 25,2 C . Nhi|t dd cao tuyet ddi: dong bing: 44°C, miln mii: 43''C . Nhi?t dg thip tuyet doi: mien nui: 8,8''C, d6ng bang: 11,2°C .
NIU xet chi tilt hon thi nhiet do trung binh nam d vung ddng bing vi ddi niii thap dudi 100m dao dgng trong khoang 24 - 25''C, len cao 500 - 800m chi cdn 20 - 22''C va tir do cao 1 .OOOm trd len thi nhiet do giim xudng dudi IS^C. Tuong ung vd! giam nhiet dg trung binh nam theo d6 cao la sy giim cua tdng nhiet do nam. Qua nhirng so li?u ngudi ta da tinh toin cho thiy d viing dudi 100m tdng nhiet dg nam dat 8.500 - 9.000''C, tir 100 - 500m dat 8.000 - 8.500''C, nhiJng khu vyc co do cao tren 5o6m cd tdng tich dn dudi 8.000"C [7, 8],
Cd the chia khi hau huyen Phu Lgc ra cac tieu vimg sau;
- Tiiu vimg khi hdu ddng bdng ven biin vd h^ ddm phd: Tieu viing nay thugc dja phan ciia cic xa d vung ddng bing va dim pha ciia huyen Phu Ldc. Dac diem khi hau chu yeu ciia tieu vimg nay la: ting nhiet do nam trung binh tir 8.500 - 9.000''C, nhiet dd trung binh nam tir 24 - 25''C. Hang nam CO lugng mua trung binh tir 2.800 - 3.400 mm, miia mua tir thing IX - Xll, trong dd cd 3 thing mua ldn la IX, X vi XI, tdng lugng mua tir thing 1 din thing VIU tren 900 mm. So thing khd h£in la 4 thang, do im trung binh 84 - 85%, bien do dao dgng nhiet do giiia ngay va dem thip.
- Tiiu viing khi hdu nui trung binh Bach Md: Tieu vimg nay bao gdm cac khu vyc mien niii cd do cao Idn nim xung quanh khu vyc Bach Ma - Hii Van va Dgng Trudi cd khi hau quanh nam mat me vdi cic die dilm chii yeu: tong nhiet do nam trung binh khoing tir 6.500 - 8.000''C vi nhiet do trung DIA LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRU'ONG
Hpi Dia ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thira Thien Hue Ugi Dja ly^^igt^,^
binh nam tir 18 - 24°C. Luong mua trung binh nam tren 3.000mm, day la khu vuc cd lugng mua ldn nhSi tinh Thira Thien Hue.
2.1.5. Thuy van
He thong sdng ngoi Phu Ldc phan bd dlu tren lanh tho. Dai bd phan sdng sudi deu hk ngufi^
tir vimg nui thudc sudn phia Bic va phia Ddng cua day Bach Ma, cd xu hudng chay tu Tay sang Q^„
qua phin ldn dien tich li ddi niii xudng ddng bing nhd hep bi cac cdn cat chin ngang trudc khi dora biln. Vi thi, cac sdng sudi do ra bien tJio thanh nhilu cira sdng, dam phi. Cd the phan vimg thiiy vjn ciia huyen thinh cac tieu viing sau:
* Tilu vimg sdng Nong - Trudi
Sdng Nong bit ngudn tir vimg nui thip d do cao tuy?t ddi khoang 1.154 m thu^c hu)cnPhu Lgc. Sdng chay theo hudng Nam Tay Nam - Bic Ddng Bic vi hgi nhap vdi sdng dio Dai Giango giira dong bing Nam sdng Huong, sau do thdng qua sdng Dgi Giang dd ve dam Cau Hai. Sdng chinli CO chilu dii Ii20 km, dien tich luu vyc la 99 km\ dg ddc trung binh cdaluu vuc la 37,5 m/km, dOdfc binh quan Idng sdng la 15 m/km. Luu lugng binh quan 3,57 mVs, luu lugng trung binh miia can 1,2 mVs.
Sdng Trudi bdt ngudn tir ddy nui Bgch Md - Hdi Vdn lir dd cag 820m, chdy theo hudng gdn Nam- Bde dd vdo ddm Cau Hai vd chdy ra bien a cua Tu Hiin. Sdng Truoi cd chiiu ddi dong chinh td 24 hn, diin tich luu vitc Id 149 km\ do ddc binh qudn long sdng Id 34.5 m/km, mat do luai song Id 0,48 km/bi, hi sd udn khuc 1,2. (J thuang luu nui Diiu Gd dd xdy dung ho chOunudc Trudi cd dung tich SOlri^ui^
nude phuc vu tudi rugng vd dieu liit nude vimg ha luu. Sdng Trudi ngdn, ddc vd cd ham luxmgplv) .satM OOgJm'y
* Tieu vung Sdng Cau Hai: Sdng Cau Hai bat nguon tu sudn Bac Bach Ma - Hai Van lirdj cao khoang 500 m, cd chieu dai ddng chinh 10 km, dien tich luu vuc 29 km^, va dg ddc binh quan long song tren 62 m/km.
* Tieu viing sdng Bii Lu. bat ngudn tir tir dinh Hdn Than tgi noi cd do cao 1.517 m, chay theo hudng gan Nam Tay Nam - Bac Ddng Bac. Ct thugng ngudn cd hai nhanh Thira Luu va Nudc Ngpt din each cira biln Canh Duang ehirng 7 km hai nhinh sdng niy hgi luu thinh ddng chinh mang ten Bii Lu va chay rabien Ddng. Sdng Bii Lu cd chieu dii ddng chinh 17 km, dien tich luu vyc 118 km, vadpddc binh quan Idng sdng 58,8 m/km (so vdi do ddc long sdng vimg ddi mii 129,4 m/km).
2.1.6. Thd nhv&ng
Do phdi triin tren mdt nin dia chdt vd dja hinh phiic tgp vdi nhiiu logi dd me khdc nhau... nen ldp phu tho nhuang a huyen Phu Lgc cung rdt da dgng vd phong phii, bao gdm cdc loai ddi chinh nk sau [7, 8]:
* Ddt cdt ven hiin (C): Vdi dien tich 7,089,84 ha, dugc hinh thanh d cac xa ven biln nhu Vinh Hung, Vinh My, Vinh Hiin, Vinh Giang, Vinh Hai, L^c Thiiy, Lgc Hai, Ldc VTnh va L^c Tien.
* Ddt man (M): Vdi dien tich 1.143,11 ha, phin bd dvii:ig ven bien, ven cic cira song, duoc hinh thanh do anh hudng ciia nuoc man biln theo thuy trilu trin vio hoac do nudc mach man..
* Ddt phd sa (P): Cd tdng dien ti'ch Ii 1.836,34 ha, phan bd chii ylu d dja hinh viing th^
trung va ven cac con song. Do su phan bo cac con sdng trong huyen thudng ngin va ddc ncn san pham bdi tu it, dien tich cac loai dit khdng tap trung, chit lugng dit kem hon 6 mgt so viing khic trong tinh-
* Ddt do vdng Iren dd phiin set (Fs): Loai niy cd dien ti'ch 4.793,46 ha, phan bd chu y^^°
cac xa Xuan Lgc, Lpc Bdn, Ldc An, Lgc Diln va Ldc Thuy. Dit cd ting diy 30 - 70cm, thanh phinO gidi chii yeu li cat pha.
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6; Thdnh pho Hue. S
Hgi Bja ly va Tai nguyen Moi trufrng Thu-a Thign Hui Hgi Dia ly Vigl Nam
* Ddt ndu vdng tren phit sa co (Fp): Gdm cd 2.990,9 ha, chii yeu phan bd d thung lung cac song Trudi, sdng Ndng va sdng Nudc Ngot thudc cac xa Ldc San, Lgc An, Lgc Dien vi Lgc Thiiy.
* Ddt vdng do tren dd granit (Fa): La loai dat chilm dien tich Idn nhit trong huyen vdi 26,713,17 ha, nam d vimg ddi nui cd do ddc tren 8".
* Ddt dd vdng bien ddi do trdng Ida (FI): Gdm 7.913,47 ha, phin bd d viing dong bing ven biln vi dim phi.
* Ddi doc tu (D): Chii ylu la IOEII dit thung lung do sin pham ddc tu (D) vdi dien tich 606,02 ha, phan bd d dja hinh trung cua Lgc San, Lgc An, Xuan Lgc, Ldc VTnh... Day la san phim tich tu ciia qua trinh rda trdi, xoi mdn. Loai dit niy rit phii hop cho san xuat ndng nghiep, dae biet la trdng liia cho nang suat cao.
* Ddt miin vdng do trin dd macma axil (Ha): Cd dien ti'ch khoang 3.465,52 ha, phan bo tren cac dinh niii cao thugc day Bach Ma. Loai dit nay d tren nui nen ti le mun kha cao nhung do do ddc Idn (>25°) nen it cd khi nang phat trien san xuit ndng nghiep ma chi cd the phat triin cac loai cay bao v^ rimg, bio ve eic ngudn nudc.
* Ddt xdi mdn tra soi dd (E): La loai dat bac mau vdi di?n tfch khoing 3.875,99 ha, phan bo chu yeu tren dja hinh cd do ddc tren 25°, ldp miin tren mat mdng, lan nhilu da.
2.1.7. Tham thuc v^t
Vdi dac diem khi hau mang tinh chat chuyen tiep giira hai mien Nam - Bac ncn id thanh loai thuc vat d diy rat phong phii. Khu vyc nay la noi giao luu giiia hai ludng thyc vpt tir phia Bac xudng va tir phia Nam len Ludng thuc vat phia Bac xudng bao gdm nhCrng loai thugc cac hg Diiu (Legutninosae), hg De (Fagaceae), hg Re (Lauraceae), ho tram (Melaleucadendre)... Cdn ludng thyc v^t tir phia Nam Ien phan Idn li nhirng loai thudc hg Dau (Diplerocarpaceae) nhu: Kien kien. Chd den, Diu dgt tim (diu rii) phin bd d dg cao tir 200 - 800 m [7].
Qua dieu tra nghien cuu cho thay d Phii Loc cd eic kieu tham thyc vat sau:
* Thdm thirc vdt tu nhiin. gdm cd cic kilu tham:
- Rirng kin thudng xanh a nhiet ddi: phan bd d do cao tren 750 m d day nui ilach Ma, Hai Vin.
- RCmg kin thudng xanh mua miia nhiet ddi: phan bd d do cao dudi 750 m
- Cay bgi va tring cd thir sinh: phan bd d khu vuc ddi, noi dien tich drt trong cdn nhilu vdi di?n tich 20.739,61 ha.
* Thdm lh{rc vgl nhdn tdc:
Rimg ti^ng dien tich 14.206,12 ha, nim rii rac d khu vyc ddng bing vi ddi, dien tich rimg riiy cd dugc la nhd cong tic phu xanh dat trdng ddi niii trgc trong nhung nam gin Jay. Ciy luong thuc (lua iivfoc va hoa miu) cd dien tich 10.132,83 ha, Uong dd hoa mau dugc frdng dure udng d Lgc An, Xuan LIH; va Lpc Bdn vdi cic loai cay ngd, khoai vi sin. Lua nudc chilm dien tich 5.707,82 ha phan bd deu l^hap d ding bing vi li loai cay frdng chilm dien tich Idn nhit trong tham tliic: vat nhan tic. Ngoai ra win mdt it dien tich liia nuong (khoing 35 ha) tap hung chii ylu d dja ban xa Xuan I 6c vi cd xu hudng'giim dan.
- Vudn tgp: Chu ylu li rau cac loai vi cay an qui vdi di(n tich 4.590,76 ha, plian bd trong vudn nha va khu vyc lan can dgc theo cac dudng quoc lg vi tinh Id
DIA LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRUING
H$iDja 1^ va Tii nguyen Moi t r u ^ g Thira Thien Hui ^ Hpi Dja 1:^ yigtiy^^^^.
- Cdy cdng nghiep ddi ngdy: Gom cac loai ciy nhu cao su, hd tieu,... mdi dua vio lr6ng n,,^,;
nghiem vdi dien tich cdn nhd, khoing 393,46 ha, tap trung chii ylu d thi tran Phii Lgc vi xi Xuan LOc. i 2.2. Phan vung lanh th6 phuc vu quy ho§ch bao v? moi t r u ^ g huy9n Phu Lgc
2.2.1. Cosdly luan va phvong phap phan viing
Trong khudn khd bii bao niy chung tdi su dyng phuong jDhip phan viing lanh thd dya tren phuong phip cinh quan (CQ). Cho din nay, da cd nhilu h? thong phan loai lanh thd nhir: A,G, Ixatrenco (1961), Nhikolaev (1976), Vu Tu Lip (1976), P.W. Michell va l.A. Howard (FAO ^ 1978) vi d§c bi?t la h? thdng phan loai cinh quan ciia tap thi tac gii Phdng sinh thai cinh quan, thupc Vi?n Dja ly, Trung tam Khoa hgc tu nhien vi Cdng ngh? Quoc gia (1993)... Cac he thdng phan loai nay khdng cd su mau thuin vl nguyen tic, nhung do cich tilp can theo nhu-ng hudng nghien ciru khac nhau vi tuy thugc vao myc tieu su dung ma trong cic h? thdng cd su khic nhau ve sd lugng cac cap cung nhu chi tieu phan lo^i [2,5,4,6], Vl nguyen tic, h? thdng phan lo^i nay khdng nim ngoai h?
thong phan loai CQ chung mi nhilu tic gii Viet Nam da dua ra. Tuy nhien, dl tranh su rudm ra vi nhim dap ung nhu ciu thyc tiln nen mot sd cip dugc luge bd.
De phii hgp vdi ngi dung nghien cuu, khi phan vimg lanh thd huyen Phu Lpc, h? thong chi dimg l^i d phy kilu cinh quan, sau dd tien hanh phin ra cac tieu viing dya tren sy ddng nhat (ir cac ylu tdty nhien vi chiic ning kinh te ciia tiing tieu viing. He thong phan lanh thd huyen Phu Loc phyc vu cho QHBVMT dugc dl xuit gdm cd cic cip: He -• Phu he -• Ldp -• Kieu -» Phy kieu -» Tieu vung linh thd.
Nhu vay, tilu viing lanh thd la cap co sd quan trgng khi quy hoach tong Ihl phat triin KT • XH ndi chung vi quy hoach bio v^ mdi trudng ndi rieng d lanh thd nghien ciiu.
2.2.2. Phan viing lanh th6 nghien ciru tren quan dilm canh quan
Phin vung li mgt loai he thong hda khoa hgc dac bi^t cac su vat vi hien tugng tao nen cac tdng thi cd quy luat vl mit lanh tho vi dac tinh ciia chung phy thugc vao vj tri dja ly [5].
Khai ni?m "phan viing cinh quan" da dugc cac nha dja ly ty nhien xic djnh nhu la sir giiii thich ve sy tdn t$i mgt cich khich quan tren be mat Trii dit cic tdng hgp the tu nhien, dugc do ve, nhom ggp vi dua len bin dd, nghien cdu thanh phin ciing nhu cic qui trinh ddng lyc phat Iriln [2].
Trong phan viin^ cin dam bao cac nguyen tic co bin: Nguyen tic phit sinh, nguyen tic dong nhat tuong ddi, nguyen tie ciing chung lanh thd, nguyen tic uu tien xet truoc cac quy luat phin hoa yi nguyen tic tdng hgp. CJ day, nguyen tic tinh th6ng nhit va toan v?n lanh thd dugc coi la nguyen tJc quan trgng nhat de tao nen cac viing, tieu viing. Phin viing chinh la su phan chia ra nhihig dja ting the ci bi?t, cd ranh gidi khep kin va khdng lap lai trong khdng gian. Giira phin vimg va phin loai canhco mdi quan he nhat djnh. Nhu viiy, cd thi ndi phin viing vira thi hi?n su phin hoa, vira the hi?n sy lien ket lanh tho thdng qua tinh dia ddi vi phi dja ddi.
Viing dja ly la mgt tdng thi linh thd ty nhien dugc pban hoi ra trong mgt tinh dja ly vdi di?n tich dao ddng tir hang tram din hing ngan km^ cd cau true thing diirng tuong ddi dong nhit ve nen dja chit, mgt kilu dja hirih phat sinh - hinh thii chii ylu, mdt kilu chi do khi hau chii ylu, mgt kilu thuj van chii ylu vi bao gdm mgt tap hgp cd quy luJit cac cip phan vj nhd han [5].
Co sd dl phan chia cip tieu viing la dya vao sy khac bi^t ve nen tang nhift - im theo cac ki^
dia hinh cua linh thd ben trong viing va cac tilu vimg nay chi dugc xem xet trong khudn khd ciia mgt vimg tren quan dilm nghien ciru tdng hgp. Cip tilu viing dugc diing Jim co sd dl phin tich tilm nang ty nhien, chiic nang va hudng su dyng cua lanh thd nghien ciru.
Hdi nghj Khoa hoc Dja ly Toan qudc ldn thu 6; Thdnh phd Hui 9/201^
HjiPJa '^ v^ Tii nguyen M5i Irirfrng Thira Thien Hui H^iPja ly Vi^lNam Khi phan viing phii tinh din sy gidng nhau vl chit giira cac bd ph^n rieng biet ciia lanh tho nhung dieu dd khdng ddng vai trd nhu mgt tieu chuin quylt dinh. Cic bd phin tao thinh mdt vimg thong nhat cd the khac nhau siu sac nhung dieu quan trgng chiing phai thi hien mdt tinh hoin chinh vl mat phit sinh vi lien quan tuong hd vl mat linh thd. Sy thong nhat ciia mdi mgt vimg cd bin chit phirc tap, cd bieu hi^n c i trong qua trinh khi quyin, ci trong ciu tao mang Idi thuy van cung nhu sy di chuyin ciia ddng, thyc vit.
Ket qua phan viing:
Tir van dyng phuong phip phan viing lanh thd theo quan dilm cinh quan, bing each danh gia cic thanh phan don tinh (dia chat, dia hinh, khi hau, ihiiy van, thd nhudng, tham ihyc vat) vi kit hgp vdi die diem chuc ning kinh te - xi hgi - mdi trudng da phin chia huyen Phii Lgc thanh 9 tieu viing linh thd chinh bao gdm 3 tieu viing ddi niii va 6 tilu viing ddng bing vi ven biln, dugc thi hien chi tilt d bing 2.
Bdng 2. Ddc diim cdc tieu vimg lanh tho huyen Phu Lgc
KytifU
TV-I
TV-E
TV-m
Tv-rv
TV-V
TV-VI
TV-vn
TV-vm
TV-IX
I>.i<: dlPIn Dll (hai
Trim lich dc tii tuoi Holocen amQ^^-V.
amQ,l-=pbl, Hf lang Tam Lam, tuj. Devon ha Ditli Phiic hJ HJi Van GaTjhv Phic he n i l Van GsTjhv Trim lich ii tit tu3i Holocen unQj^-^pvl Phiic he Hij VSn GaTjhv Tram tich di tii tiiSi Holocen mQj'-'pvl.
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Tiam lich IJE tu tu6i Holocen D)vQ,a
Trim lich d{ hi tu8i Holocen amQj^-^pvl
Itia hiiih
Dong bing co do cao tii 0- 20m Dong bing bin jon d,a, « n do. am sit B5i -nui ttung binh W61m DSI - nui tiung binh M Urn Dong bing thung lung
DOI- nui thip 5J6m Dang bang, dit do cao 0-2m Dun cat ven bien dp cao 2- 24m {Lang ca) JDun c4t ven biJn do cao 1- 7m
Kia hi»
Khi hSu dong bing ven bien.
lucmg nura TB iBOO-3200 mm. lAietdn J4. IS'C. gio TSy kh6 nong Khi hau dong hang ven hien.
lucng mua TB 2S30-3200 mm, nhiet iIB H 2VC, gio T5y khfl nong Khf hau viing nu; lung niaa TB 320D-3600mni. TVb IB- 2?'C. Idiongcamuanong Khi hau vung nu; luong mua TB 3200 360Dmm, TO 18 22*C, khdng co miia nAng Khi hiu dong bing ven bien.
hjiTng mui TB 2!(10-33O0 mm. nhittdo 2A 2S»C gin Tay kho nong Khi hau dong bang ven h;en, luirng mua TB 2300-3200 mm. nhitt dd 24- 29C, gio Tay khd ndng Kh hiu ddng bing ven biin, Iwng mua TB 2B0Q-32O0 mm, nhiet dS 24- JJ'C, gid Tiy khd ndng Khi hau dong bang ven bien.
luo'ng mua TB 2800-3200 mm, nhijt dd 24- 25°C, gifi Tay kh6 nong Khi hiu ddng bapg ven biea hitrng mua TB '800 3200 mm. nhiet do 24 25»C. gio
Thiiy 4 i n Ming luoi pha. triin
phal ttiin Khe. su&i Khe. su6i, ho Ti-joi
Ihuy van phat trien Mang luiii thuy vin thua ihot
"p':z
Ihualh^
thiy van thua thit
Thi nliuong Dit phu sa ducrc boi (Pb), dal do vang biEn dSi do ItSng Ilia (FI) Dat iidi mdn no soi di (E). Dal do vang Benphusacaffp) Dat do vang IiEn da Gtanit (Fa), Dat min D-en nili (Ha) Dat da vang tren da Gram! (Fa). Dat mun tren nui (Ha) Dal phu sa ngoi ;uoi (Py), ,!il di f n g bier, doi do trong
!ua(Fl) DSt do vang ItEn di Gramt (Fa) Dal cat (C), dit 66 ir3nglua(FI) Dit con cai ven biin (Cc) Dat con cat ven biJn (Cc), Dit min (M) Dit bien d6i do trdng miia (FI)
IhiK vat Lia, hoa miu. ciy cSng nghiep dai
Riing lu
S "
Hoa mau, vuon tap
liJng
S.M..
Rung ta tiing Vuon tap,
Kiuh t^ - Ii Udi Phai triin Ilia, hoa mau. NTTS, Khu cong nghi
ning trong Du lich ;inh thai
i.zr
Phil InJn do thi (th, ya) Bao vi, phue
dudng cao cip, khu khinh ti Chan may Du hch nghi dit9ng bien, phit tnin do Ihl Phat men nghe nu5i tr3ng vi danh bit thuy
Xuat phat ttr nhirng die diem ciia cac tilu viing neu tren, sa dd phan viing lanh thd phuc vu quy hoaeh bio ve mdi trudng huyen Phii Ldc dugc the hien cu thi d hinh i.
B[A LY Tl/NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRUC)NG
Hgi Dja ly va Tai nguyen Moi truong Thii-a Thicn Hue Hoi Dja l> \ ifi i^J
Hmh 1 Sa do phdn viing Idnh thd phuc vu quy hoach bdo vi nidi trudng huyen Phu Lo, KET LUAN
Phil Ldc dugc xem la Ithu vuc irgng dicni ve phat trien kinh te ciia tinh, dieu do cimg dong nghTa vdi nhirng de dga ve d nhiem mdi trudng neu nhu khong xay dung quy hoach bao ve moi Iririnj kjp thdi. Viec phin tich danh gii dieu kien tu nhien d lanh thd la ca sd quan trgng cho vice xay dimg quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng phuc vu cho nhigm vu phat trien ben viing cho hicn tai vi tuong lai.
Phan vung lanh tho li mdt trong nhiJng ndi dung quan trgng trong nghien ciru xay dirng quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng cho lanh tho huyen Phii Lgc. Trong khudn khd bai bao nay, chung loi dSsiti dung quan diem va phuang phap phan vimg lanh thd tren nen ting khoa hgc cinh quan, tir do cho Ihay^
sir hgp ly vl nguyen tic phit sinh, ddng nhit cua cic yeu td tu nhien trong tirng lieu viing.
Ket qua phan vimg lanh thd huyen Phu Ldc tren ca sd dinh gii cic thinh phan dan linh (dia chat, dia hinh, khi hau, thiiy van, iho nhudng, tham thuc vat) va kit hgp vdi dac dilm chiic nang k''*
tl - xa hpi - mdi trudng da phan chia huyen Phii Lpc Ihanh 9 tilu vimg lanh th6 chinh bao gom 3 tieU viing ddi nui va 6 tieu vimg ddng bing va ven biln. Day ti kit qui quan trgng trong budc phiin vung chirc nang mdi trudng, phuc vu xay dung quy hoach bao ve mdi truang huyen Phii Ldc mdt c-uli UiM hgc va hgp ly.
TAI LIEU THAM KIIAO
[I] Nguyin Cao Huin, 2004, Nghiin ciru td chirc khdng gian cho phdt tnin kinh li, sudung I'^PJ^
ldi nguyen Ihien nhien vd bdo vi Mdi trirdng a cdp tmh vd huyin (Trudng hap nghien cuv /<"' ''"*
Ldo Cai), Tap chi khoa hgc Dai hoc Quoc gia, Khoa hoc tu nhien vi Cdng nghe, Sd4 / X^
(2004).
HOI nghi Khoa hoc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn thu 6. Thdnh pho Hue.
IM
fi^iPja ly v i T a i nguyen Moi truong Thiia Thien H u i Hoi Dja Ij Vict Nam
n] Pham Hoang l l a i , 2000, Phdn vung cdnh quan Viet Nam - Nguyen ldc vu hi thdng phdn vi. Tup chi khoa lige D H Q G H N , K H T N , l i n thu X I , Ha Ndi
n] Truang Quang Hai, 2 0 1 1 , Cdp vimg trong hi thdng cdc dan vi td chirc Idnh thd phdt tnin KT- XH a Viet Nam Ca sd khoa hgc cho phdt triin vitng trong bdi cdnh hot nhgp qudc li ciia Viil Nam. Nha xuat b i n The g i d i .
[4] V u T u Lap 1976, Cdnh quan dfa ly miin Bdc Viit Nam, N X B Khoa hpc va Ky thuat, Ila Ngi.
K] Hoang Due Tricm va nnk, 1988, Phdn vimg dia ly tu nhien Idnh llid Binh Tri Thiin. Bao cao tdng k i t de lai. Hue
[6] Le Van T h i n g , 1995, Ddnh gid, phdn hgng dieu kiin sinh thai tu nhiin Icinh tho trung du Quang Tri vd Thira Thiin Hue cho nhdm cdy cdng nghiip nhiet ddi din ng{i\\ Luan an PTS Dja ly - Dja chat, H a N p i ,
[7] Biii Thj T h u , 2005, Ddnh gid Idng hgp cdc diiu kiin tu nhien phuc vu cho phdt Iriin nong - lain nghiep bin vimg a huyin Phil Ldc. tinh Thira Thiin Hui. Bao cao tdna kel dc tai K H C N cap
[g] Vien K H & C N V N - Vien Dia ly. 2005. Diiu tra ca ban. tdng hop cd dmh hm'mg diiu kiin lu nhien vd ldi nguyin thiin nhiin huyen Phu Liic Bao cao tdng kct dc tai K H C N cap tinh.
filA LY TU NHIEN, TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN VA MOI TRU'ONG
