TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc sd 42 (02-2020) C A C H IWANG C O N G N G H I E P L A N T H I T T U ^
V A NHUlVG V A N D E D A T R A C H O T R I V I E T C H O G l A o D U C V I E T
• Dang Qu6c Bao", Pham Minh Giani"!, Tang Thai Thuy Ngan Tam'"' Tom tat
Cude Cdch mgng cdng nghiep Idn thu tu mang Igi nhieu ca hdi vd khdng it thach thiec cho gido due Viet Nam hien nay. Hieu duac tdm quan trong cua Cdch mang cdng nghiep lan thie tu, vdn dung sdng tao vdo tinh hinh gido due Viet Nam la vdn de dugc nhiiu nhd khoa hoc quan tdm nghien cim. Bdi viit trinh bdy nhimg ddc tnmg ca ban ciia Cdch mgng cdng nghiep Idn thie tu gan vai sie menh gido due. tit do dua ra bdn vdn de then chdt phdt trien gido due Viet, kien tgo nhd trudng, xdy dung he thdng gido due, xac dinh he gid tri vd td chitc ren luyen cho the he tre, ddo tgo vd bdi duong hieu trudng
Tie khod: Cdch mgng cdng nghiep Idn thu tu, gido due Viet, Tri viet I. Dat van de
Cac nha lanh dgo Viet Nam deu y thirc vai trd quan trgng ciia giao due trong ddng thai Cach mang cdng nghiep (CMCN) lan thir tu (4.0)/ thdi dai tri thiic da cd nhieu huan thi sau sac cho viec phat tnen sir nghiep giao due thieh ling v6i ddng thai eua CMCN,
Giao due dat nude ta di vao ddng thai CMCN 4 0/thdi dai tri thirc khac vdi nhieu nude. Dat nude cd thuan loi vi nhan dan ta deu r§t hieu hoe, Ngudi Viet ed minh tnet song. "Con hon cha la nha cd phiic". Tuy nhien, mat bang kinh te hien dang thua thap so vdi nhieu nude trong viing. GDP tinh theo dau ngudi mdi bang 2/3 Thai Lan, 1/5 Malaisia, 1/15 Singapore ., Nhieu nhiem vu eua CMCN 1,0, CMCN 2.0, CMCN 3 0 edn ehuahoan thanh.
Nhieu van de ve van hda, xa hdi, mdi trudng cdn ngon ngang, dd dang...
Tuy nhien, giao due dat nude lai khdng the chan chir, bj ddng trudc xu th8 sdi noi cua thdi dgi, Thuc hien giao due vira ddi hdi su khan truong lai can su binh tmh, su dam me lai biet than trong, sir quyet het lai biet tinh tao Xu ly "Khinh trgng" can dugc quan tnet trong chinh sach - ehien luge ke hoach giao due thue tien Vdi tam quan trgng ciia CMCN 4.0 doi vdi giao due Viet, chimg tdi trinh bay su nhan thirc ve bon van de phat trien giao due trong boi canh hien nay, gdp phin phat tnen cho Tri Viet cho giao due Viet
'*' Vien Tri Viet '"' Tnrang Dai HQC D6ng Thap-
2. Noi dung
2.1. Dac trung cff ban cua CMCN 4.0/thM dai tri thirc va su' menh cua giao due
CMCN 4,0/ thdi dai tri thirc la pham tni kep.
Ndi tdi CMCN 4.0 la ndi tdi thdi dai tri thire eiia cac nha quan ly. Xin trinh bay dudi day mgt so Idi ban luan da dugc neu nhieu tren sach bao,
CMCN 4.0 la mgt each ggi eho xu hudng tu dgng hda va trao ddi dii lieu trong cdng nghe san xuat. Nd bao gom cac he thdng thuc ao (Cyber - Phisieal Systems CPS), mang ludi Intemet vgn vat (Intemet of things - lOT), dien toan dam may, tri tue nhan tao. Trong CMCN 4.0 mdi cdng dan trd thanh mdt cdng dan so, moi doanh nghiep trd thanh mdt doanh nghiep sd, mdi ngudi lanh dao trd thanh mdt lanh dao so.
Neu dimg nhiing cum tit ngan ggn de chi su hep bien tir CMCN 1 0 den CMCN 4 0, cd th^ diin dat nhu sau:
CMCN 1.0 la each mang eo khi hda, ddng luc:
may hoi nude dien ra tir the ky XVIII CMCN 2,0 la each mgng dien khi hda, ddng lire may phat dien, dien ra tir dau the ky XIX.
CMCN 3.01a each mang hn hgc hda, ddng luc may vi tinh, dien ra tir thap nien 70 eiia the ky XX, CMCN 4,0 la each mang ket noi hda, ddng luc Intemet, dang dien ra d thdi dai ta dang song.
Quy III nam 2016, Nha xuat ban Lao ddng - Tap doan EDX xuat ban euon sach an tugng:
"Giao due trong thdi dai tri thirc" Nhimg ngudi to chirc sach trong dan luan da dien ta kha sue tich bude ehuyen tir xa hgi truyen thdng sang hinh thai 3 1
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) mdi. Sach nay viet: "Tir thd ky thir XVUI den the
ky XX, cac nude dan ehuyen sang thdi ky xa hgi cdng itghiep. Cude each mang nang suat thdi ky nay bat dau bimg nd khi con ngudi phat sinh ra ddng eo hoi nude, kham pha, phat minh va khai thae ra cac nguon nang lugng mdi nhu dien, than, dau md ..
Thdi ky nay nang suat san xuat da biing nd nhd vao img dung md hinh quan tri san xuat tien tien duoe khdi xudng bdi Adam Smith va Winsio w Taylor, ngudi duge mgi ngudi ggi la "Cha de ciia quan ly theo khoa hoc" [3, tr 10],
Ho da chi ra mdt each kha hinh anh thdi dai tn thirc; "Day la mdt cude each mang mem, nd dien ra rat nhe nhang va mau le, nd hinh thanh nen mgt the he cdng nghiep mdi, cac ti phii dollar mdi trong mdt khoang thdi gian rat ngan.
Vdi xa hdi tri thire, nhan td chinh la tdc dd (ca nhanh nudt ca cham chir khdng phai la ea Idn nudt ca be) vdi cac nganh cdng nghiep thay the vat tu bang vat tu mdi va tien tien nhu silicon composit.
Qua trinh thu nhd vdi viec phat tnen cac ky thuat mdi dudi micro trong dien tir, va quy trinh che tgo dugc phat tnen d mire nano dugc kiem soat bang nhimg robot thay vi eon ngudi Bdi vi nhimg nhan to nay, viec che tao se dimg it nang lugng, it lao ddng ky nang thap ma thay vao do la cdng nhan cd ky nang cao, cd giao due dgi hoc.
Cdng nghe va ky nghe dan trd thanh phuong tien de phat tnen xa hdi mdi Sang tgo tap the cua so ddng ngudi trd thanh dgng luc phat tnen chinh ciia xa hdi, khae vdi trudc day sang tao chi gidi hgn trong mdt sd nha khoa hoc ten tudi .. Cdng nghe va ky nghe lay muc dich chung la tgo ra mdi trudng phat trien va edng tac de phat huy het kha nang tiem an ciia eon ngudi " [3, tr. 12-13]
Trong "Giao due trong thdi dai tri thire", John Vii ndi ve vai trd giao due trong cuoc each mang nay: "Giao due la nen tang eua xa hgi tri thire. He thong giao due can thiic day edng nghe thdng tin, ehuyen giao cae phuong phap day mdi kieu nhu. "bai giang theo nhu cau", "e leaming"
va "hgc qua hanh". Vai trd cua ngudi giao vien khdng cdn la "ngudi truyen thu tn thirc" ma la
"thay kem" va "ngudi hd tro", ngudi cd the hudng
dan cho sinh vien trong viec dat tdi muc dich hgc tap ciiahg. Trong he thong giao due mdi, trudng hgc la doi tae vdi nganh edng nghiep de tao ra gia tri dap ling cho nhu cau ciia nganh cdng nghiep [3,tr 17-18]
Ong bay td cam nghT: "Giao due truyen thong tap tnmg vao viec cung cap "tn thirc ehung" eho sinh vien. Trong he thdng nay sinh vien phai hpc nhieu thir theo nghia vu. Hg biet chut it ve lieh sir, chiit it ve dia ly, chiit it v8 van hoc, ehiit it ve nghe thuat va chut it ve xa hgi ben egnh nhimg viec hoc tap chinh cua hg. Tuy nhien dieu dd eiing lay di thdi gian tir quy thdi gian gidi han eua sinh vien ed trong trudng.
Ngay nay d nhieu nude, nhiing khu vuc tri thue chung nay dang bi bd bdt vi ed the thu duoc tir Intemet, bai hoc true tiep va sach dien tir. Tri thuc chung cho sinh vien dai hgc ngay nay hau het tap trung vao khoa hgc, cdng nghe, ky nghe va toan hoc (STEM).., Sinh vien phai phat trien ky nang tu duy phe phan de phan tich va ra quyet dinh ve eac bien ed cude ddi
Sinh vien phai hgc phan tich "sir kien" vdi
"hu cau", "dir lieu" vdi "gia djnh", "hien thuc" vdi
"ehan y" rdi di tdi ket luan rieng ciia hg.
Ong cho rang, sinh vien dai hoc ngay nay
"phai doc nhieu hon sinh vien dai hoe trong qua khir va cd nhieu thdng tm san ed va hg phai hieu each cac the gidi vat ly, van hda va ky thugt van hanh ciing nhau, ehi the thi sinh vien mdi ed the trd thanh ngudi tham gia tich cue trong the gidi dugc dan Idi bdi edng nghe nay" [3, tr. 31]
2.2. Bon van de then chot ciia phat trien giao due tru-frc dong thai CMCN 4.0/th6i d?i tri thu'c
Bdn van de bao gdm: Kien tgo nha trudng;
Xay dung he thong giao due, Xac dinh he gia tri va to chirc ren luyen cho the he tre, dao tgo, b6i dudng Hieu trudng nha trudng,
2.2. L Klin tgo "Nhd trudng 4-6-10 "
a Klin tao "Nhd tnedng 4-6-JO"
Sinh thdi, Giao su Nguyen Canh Toan de cap viec kien tao "Nha trudng 4-6-10" xm thuat lai mdt so y tudng chu dao eiia ong
TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020)
"So 4 " hudng din hogt ddng cua ngudi thdy- Ngudi thay biet phan hda doi tugng giao due de dgy theo "bon sire"* "Sire chira. Sire hut; Sire tham;
Sire che bien" Can luu y cd hgc smh d ITnh vue nay sire chira la binh thudng, song d ITnh vuc khac sire chira lai xk dang n8 trgng
Giao su Nguyin Canh Toan thudng ke Igi cau ehuyen cua co Thu tudng Pham Van Ddng khi ong la Chu tich cua Ban Cai each giao due Trung uong cho Ban lanh dao Bd Giao due: "Ai cung biet Bethoven la nha soan nhac vi dai nhat ciia mgi thdi dgi cho den nay, the ma dng khdng bi6t lam toan nhan. Sau mdt dot nhieu euge bieu di8n vdi so tien thu lao giong nhau cho mdi cuoc, dng cong nhimg sd tien deu giong nhau dd de con so chung".
PhgmVan Ddng nhan nhu ngudi tiiay: "Phep mau nhiem nhat trong viee day hoc la khoi day kho bau tu duy ciia mdi ngudi va day la cua hoe sinh, De lam tdt viec nay phai cd mdi trudng tdt, mdi trudng vgt chat la tuong thich vdi cac phuong hen dgy hoc, song quan trong hon la ngudi day tot, cd tam huyet, cd kien thirc va nhat la biet each day".
Ngudi thay vd luan lam viee d logi trudng nao cung phai thuc hien 3 nhiem vu; ngudi truyen dao, ngudi thu nghiep, ngudi giai hoac cho trd (sang le Idn)
"Ngudi thay trong nha trudng eiia CMCN 4.0 phai ddng dugc ca 5 vai; Ngudi dgy tn thirc, truyen thu tn thiic; Ngudi huan luyen phuong phap hoc tap, Ngudi kich thich dgng eo hgc tap, Ngudi truyen va kien tao cam hiing trong hoc tap; Ngudi xay dung hoai bao Ndi theo ngdn ngii quan ly, ngudi thay ddng thdi la- Ngudi ehi huy;
Ngudi thiet ke, Ngudi dan d&t; Ngudi co v4n.
Ngudi thay giiip eho hoc trd cd tu duy phan bien, CO nang luc hgp tac, biet giao hep lieh su va biet kham pha sang tao".
Ngudi thay tao ra mdi trudng hgc tap thach thirc eho trd, lay than giao Idn > ngdn giao, hogt dgng theo phuang cham "Hiiu giao vd loai"
(khdng ai la khdng day duge) va minh triet: "Tat ca vi hgc sinh than yeu" ma nha trudng "Bac Ly"
da hien thue.
"Sd 6 " hudng den viee hoc eita ngudi trd - ngudi hoc. Hgc mgi noi; Hoc mgi lire. Hoc mgi van de, Hgc mgi ngudi; Hoc bSng mgi each; Hoe trong mgi hoan canh
Ngudi hoc trong cude song dang diln ra phai hoc bang su "trach nhiem", theo phong each 3C;
CI/Colleeting-Tich liiy nhiiu; C2/Caculating-Xie ly tinh; C3/Communication - Giao luu rdng.
Nguyen Canh Toan timg neu mgt cham ngdn cua tien nhan ma cac cu than smh trao eho thay tir liic men thieu: "Tam nhan dong hanh tat hiiu nga su; Trach ky thien gia nhi timg chi; Ky bat thien giai nhi cai chi" (Trong ba ngudi cimg di ehae ed ngudi la thay eua ta; Lua dieu thien ma theo, Thay dieu ae, dieu xau ma tranh),
Nguyen Canh Toan eiing nhac den edng thire POWER ngay nay dang dugc coi la hoe phong eua nha trudng Au - My:
P - Planning (Tu ke hoach chuong trinh hgc tap)
O - Organizing (Tu td chiic hien thuc ke hoach) W-Working(Lamvieckhoahoctheokehoaeh) E - Evalutating (Tu danh gia ket qua) R - Recognizing (Tu xay dung hieu biet mdi).
"Sd 10 " hudng din suhap tdc cua "Thdy tro phdt tnen 10 vdn de tuduy ".* Tu duy logic; Tu duy hinh tugng; Tu duy bien chimg; Tu duy ngdn ngii;
Tu duy quy hinh - Tu duy Angdnt, Tu duy khoa hoc chimg nghiem; Tu duy ky thuat - edng nghe;
Tu duy kinh te; Tu duy ehinh tri, Tu duy quan ly Trong cude ddi mdi dang dien ra, vd luan viec thiet ke chuong trinh mdn, mat hoat ddng giao due , theo kieu nao thi cot Idi eua nd phai bao quat 10 logi tu duy tren.
Nguyen Canh Toan luu y den luan diem cua Khong Tir ve "Hgc - Tu ket hgp". "Hgc nhi bat tu tae vong; Tu nhi bat hoe tac dai" (Hoc ma khdng tu duy thi uong phi, Tu duy ma khdng hgc chu dao thi nguy hiem)
Mudi van de tu duy tren la co sd de cimg cd tu duy he thong va quan trong la tu duy sang tgo.
Trong budc phat trien eua thdi dai tn thirc, Nguyen Canh Toan nhac nhd the he h-e phai duoe frang bi nam loai tu duy nen tang. Tu duy bao toan, Tu duy 33
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP
vugt khung; Tu duy sg dd; Tu duy quy trinh, Tu duy ve each tu duy.
b. Trudng hpc ngdy nay la ddi tdc vdi ngdnh cdng nghiep
Trong "Giao due trong thdi dgi tri thiic", John Vii neu quan diem; "Trong he thdng giao due truyen thdng, trudng hoc la "thuc the dge lap" dugc edng ddng han lam quan ly de xac dinh cai gi can day va cai gi sinh vien phai hgc, Trong he thdng giao due mdi (tire He thong giao due eiia CMCN 4.0/
thdi dai tn thirc). Trudng hoc la doi tac vdi nganh cdng nghiep de tao ra giao trinh dap ung eho nhu cau cua nganh edng nghiep"
Ong nhan manh. " .. Trudng hoc la noi kinh doanh ve dao tao, edn cdng nghiep la kinh doanh thue nhan lue cd chat luong Ben egnh dd, neu trudng hoc cd the lam cho sinh vien thanh ngudi ca ddi, thi cdng nghiep giao due cd the la viec dao tao va hoe tap eho mgi cdng dan. Do dd su cdng tac dem sinh vien, giao vien, cha me va cdng nghiep lai cimg nhau la nen tang ciia xa hgi tri thirc" [3,tr, 18].
c Thuc day tu duy qudn tri nhd trudng Dieu John Vu neu ra la cho cac nha trudng cua bac hgc pho cap. The nhung gid day ngay tgi nhiing trudng binh thudng d cap hgc phd cap ciing phai y thitc su dao tgo eua minh la qua trinh "Nhan each - Nhan lire" eho edng ddng Vd luan nha trudng nao thi thi trudng nhan luc ciing la muc dich eudi cimg ciia tien trinh dao tao. Ngudi dieu hanh nha trudng nao eiing phai cd tu duy, Lanh dgo, Quan ly - Quan tn nha trudng.
Tu duy quan tri nha trudng da dugc de cap 3 lan trong NQ 29/TW khda XI, Tiee rang tir "quan diem" ddn su van ddng cdn qua cham chap Ngudi hieu trudng khdng dugc phep tho o vdi cac pham trii: chi phi cho dao tgo (expendituves), qua trinh dao tgo (cost), phai nhgy ben vdi quy luat gia tri, quy luat thi trudng, quy luat cung eau tac ddng vao tien trinh dao tao, phai de phdng xu hudng thuong mai hda giao due tieu cue: thay la chii tiem, trd la ngudi mua hang, mua nhieu ban nhieu, mua it ban it (y tudng ciia Giao su Pham Minh Hac), song phai dieu hanh nha trudng chdng duoc
. Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02J020) su lang phi cua xa hgi ve nhan, tai va Iyc ma nha trudng dugc cung img.
2.2 2. Xdy dung he thdng gido due qudc ddn ddm bdo cho cdng ddn duac "Gido due thudng xuyen - Ddo tgo lien tue - Hpc tap sudt ddi" theo tinh thdn "Thuc hpc - Thuc nghiep"
Theo minh triet ciia nen giao due each mang, dat nude da xay dimg duoe he thong giao due quoc dan theo cac tieu chi dan tdc - khoa hgc - dgi chimg Ngay nay theo ddng thai CMCN 4.0/thdi dgi tri thire he thdng nay ddi hdi phai quan triet tinh than dan chu, dam bao cho mgi cdng dan deu duac &
hgc, hgc duac, dugc phat trien pham ehat - nang lye mdt each toan ven.
Tinh than "Thuc hgc - Thyc nghiep" phai duoc tham vao tien trinh dao tao ciia moi logi hinh nha trudng trong he thong nay. John Vu ed su khai quat ve cac he thong giao due da dien ra: "Cd ba kieu he thdng giao due tdn tai ngay nay, giao due truyen thong, giao due thdi dai cdng nghiep va giao due thdi dai thdng tin.
He thdng giao due truyen thong da ton tai hang nghin nam tap trung vao tn thuc co ban cua "xa hdi ndng nghiep" vdi "hgc thuoc Idng" la quan trgng va thanh cdng dua tren viee dd ky thi, Sau khi tot nghiep, phan Idn sinh vien se lam viee cho Trieu dinh (Hoang de) He thong nay bay gid bi hau het eac nha giao due coi nhu ed Id.
He thdng giao due thdi dai cdng nghiep da tdn tai trong ba tram nam tap trung vao viec dap img nhu cau eua edng nghiep vdi "Sinh vien hoc quy trinh san xuat so ddng" de tgo ra cae san pham che tao nao do. Trong he thdng nay, sinh vien hoc mgi thii' hg can biet trong nha trudng va giao due thdng thudng cham dut sau khi tdt nghiep Thanh cdng duoc dua tren viec kiem dugc viec lam trong cdng nghiep ehe tao. He thdng nay dang sdm trd nen Idi thdi va khdng edn tinh binh dang de thanh cdng trong kinh doanh ngay nay.
He thdng giao due thdi dai thdng tin tugng ddi mdi, tap trung Idn vao tri thiie ky thuat va img dung eua edng nghe de giai quyet cae v4n de kmh doanh Sinh vien hgc kien thirc nen tang trong Nha trudng, tuy nhien giao due khdng ehSm dirt d
TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 42 (02-2020) dd ma tiep tuc ft-ong ca ddi vi cdng nghe bao gid
ciing thay ddi.
Thanh cdng dugc dua tren tn thire va ky nang ma ca nhan thu dugc trong euge sdng, trong cdng viec thuc te va dieu chinh theo mgi tinh huong ma ngudi dd gap [3, tr 54-55].
He thong giao due qudc dan d nude ta hien nay phai chu y sy phat trien dong bd ca 3 loai hinh
- Giao due trudng quy chinh quy (Formal Education/FE),
- Giao due t r u d n g quy phi ehinh quy (NonFormal Education/ NFE),
- Giao due phi tmdng quy (Informal Educahon/
IFE).
"FE" va "NFE" da cd su chu y nhat dinh va dang ed nhiing thanh tuu dang tran trong. "IFE"
edn chua cd su dau tu cdng phu mac dii day la
"binh chung" cd tae dgng manh vao phuong cham xay dung xa hgi hgc tgp de mgi cdng dan dugc
"Giao due thudng xuyen - Dao tao lien tuc - Hge tap suot ddi",
70 nam trudc day, (thang 3/1947), Bac Ho ve cdng tac tai Thanh Hda da chi thi cho tinh nang xay dyng: mdi gia linh la mdt nha trudng (Bac dimg cum tir "Gia dinh hgc hieu"), mdi ngudi deu la mgt
"Tieu giao vien".
Nhiing dieu Bae Ho neu hoan toan trimg khdp vdi quan diem ciia UNESCO dang quang ba trong boi canh hien dai.
2.2.3. Xdc dinh he gid tri phu hap vdi hien ddi cua thdi dgi, bdo todn van hda ddn tdc vd ren luyen tri tue hieu biet Tu thdn diing. Xu the sdng khdn.
Duong sinh tich cue Theo "Chdn - Thien - My vd Tinh NghTa "
a. Cai dich cua nha trudng va he thong giao due hudng tdi la nhan each ciia the he tre
Timg cd nhieu Idi ban cho md hinh nhan each ma nha trudng va nen giao due phai hudng tdi
Tiep can theo con ngudi quan he, eon ngudi bdn phan cd md hinh nhan each Yeu quy tu trpng bdn than; Yeu gia dinh - yeu Td qudc, Yeu lao ddng; Yeu hda binh; Yeu quy, bdo ve thien nhien, mdi trudng.
Tiep can eon ngudi dao dire ed md hinh nhan each Li - NghTa - Liem - Si (Qudn Trong); Cdn - Kiem - Liem - Chinh (Ho Chi Minh).
Chuong trinh tdng the cuaBd Giao due - Dao tao (van ban ngay 14/03/2017) de xudt cac gia tri- Yeu nude, yeu con ngudi, cham hge, cham lam, tnmg thye, ban ITnh.
Tiep can con ngudi tu duy, cd md hinh nhan each: Tuduy nguyen tdc, Tuduy tdnghap; Tuduy sdng tgo; Tu duy tdn trong; Tu duy dgo ditc.
h Nha van hda Nguyen Khae Vien (1913- 1997), cd neu len ba viec ma Nha trudng phai giao due va ren luyen cho the he tre bao gdm, Tu thdn dimg; Xit the sdng khdn; Dudng sinh tich cue
Dd la tiep can con ngudi hanh ddng, bao quat ea ba hep can da ed. eon ngudi bdn phan, con ngudi dao due, eon ngudi tu duy.
Ai dd ehi tu than (+), xii the (+) ma duang sinh (-) hoae xir the (+), duang sinh (+) ma tu than (-) hoae tu than (+), duang sinh (+) ma xir the (-) deu khdng cd nhan each trgn ven.
Nguyen Kh4c Vien ndi dieu nay tir nam cuoi ciia the ky trudc xem ra ngay nay van hoan toan dung cho bdi canh ma giao due dang van ddng, tien len ky thuat dang cd nhiing thay ddi ngoan mue
Trudc bdi canh ngudi cd quan niem, pham chat la mdt thanh phan cua nang lye
Theo Klaus Sehawab, Giam doe dieu hanh Dien dan Kinh tS the gidi (WEF) "Chimg ta dang trong thdi khac loi re cua Ijch su", khi phai ddi mat vdi nhirng bat dn ve kinh te, chinh tn, di cu, khimg bo va cd nhiing niem tin ve the ehe, dgo due va nang luc lanh dao".
WEF khuyen cao sinh vien the ky XXI can phai ed cac nang lue/ky nang sau:
Nhdm 1 gdm 6 ky ndng vd hen thitc nen tdng.
Kien thuc ngdn ngir; Sd va toan, Kien thirc khoa hge, Kien thire ICT, Kien thiic tai ehinh; Kien thirc van hda va dan sy.
Nhdm 2 gdm 4 ky ndng mem: Tu duy phan bien, giai quyet van de; Tu duy sang tao; Tu duy giao tiep; Tu duy hop tae
Nhdm 3 gdm 6 ky ndng: Tim tdi; Sang kien;
35
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) Kien tri; Thich img hoan canh; Nang lye din dSt;
Nhan dien xa hdi va van hda,
Ly luan gia tri hgc d nude ta khing dinh tinh ngudi, tinh ngudi - Hai gia hi cdi nguon cua dgo lam ngudi
Tinh la "TSm Idng"; NghTa la "Trach nhiem"
Tam Idng va yach nhiem khdng ton tai vu vo ma phai quyen vao nhau, gSn vdi ddi song thuc nin eiia cdng ddng, xa hdi. Hai nhan to nay la gia do eho
"nhan each". "Tam Idng" khdng dan den "Trach nhiem" thi con ngudi song hdi hot. "Traeh nhiem"
khdng chira dung "Tam Idng" thi con ngudi sdng may mdc, cd khi gia doi. Con ngudi sdng toan ven la con ngudi ed tam Idng nhan ai phat trien dong bd vdi y thirc trach nhiem cao trudc cae nghTa vu do gia dinh, xa hdi dat ra Neu hai dieu nay rdi rge thi nhan each meo md "Tinh - nghTa" <=> "Tam Idng - Traeh nhiem" vi the ludn ludn la hai gia do cho con ngudi tu than tich cue - xir the sang khdn va duang sinh tich eye.
Bae Hd trong nhiing ngay cudi cimg trudc liic di xa hdi dng Ha Huy Giap va hoc trd, ddng chi eiia minh la nhan dan ta sdng vdi nhau nhu the nao? Ong Ha Huy Giap ed thua vdi Bae. "Nhan dan ta sdng tdi lua tat den ed nhau", Bae da dan Igi. "Dimg la nhu vay, nhan dan ta sdng ed tinh, ed nghTa Hieu ehii nhTa Mac-Lenin la phai sdng vdi nhau ed tinh, ed nghTa Neu thuoc bao nhieu saeh ma song khdng ed tinh cd nghTa thi sao goi la hieu chii nghTa Mac-Lenin" Nhu vay, ddi vdi Bae Ho thi "Minh triet Mac-Lenin" la "Song cd tinh nghTa",
Nha van hda Dao Duy Anh tya vao mdt y tho eiiayen nhan: "The gian van su giai bao anh - Thien kiep duy du nhat diem tinh" da cam than trong Idi y "Nhd nghT chieu hdm" "Xem ra het thay deu may ndi; Cdn vdi non sdng, mdt ehii tinh".
2.2.4. Ddo tao, bdi dudng hieu truong ede nhd truong cd phong edeh qudn ly cua nhgc tntdng Tir nam 1976, d nude ta ra ddi he thong dao tgo va boi dudng hieu trudng vdi nhan thirc: Hg la cac "sT quan" ciia nganh. Cd "si quan" gidi, ed nha trudng tot, cd san pham giao due tot. Nhieu the he hieu trudng eua d4t nude de lam viec theo phuang
cham: "Trai tim tdi hien dang eho tre" (Thdng diep ciia Xukhdiomoski - nha giao due hgc Xd Viet kha kinh". Ngay nay trong cude ddi mdi, ho phan dau khdng chi la ngudi lanh dgo bao quat, yeu quy ddi mdi, edn la ngudi quan tri ti mi doi vdi qua trinh giao due,
John Vu cd ndi tdi phong each hieu trudng trong each mang CMCN 4 0/thdi dai tri thirc phai la "Nhge trudng", Ong thuat lai trong mdt biia an trua, dng da duoc nghe mdt vi nhgc trudng tai ba tam su: "Nhgc trudng la ngudi duy nhat trong dan nhae ma khdng tgo ra am thanh... Nhgc trudng khdng phai la ngudi chimg td tinh sang tgo ciia minh qua nhac cu ma ho bi phan xet bdi kha nang tgo ra mdi tmdng ma trong dd cae tai nang eua nhae edng ed the ndi len va chat lugng cua buoi dien cd the duoc thinh gia trai nghiem".
Ngudi ban eiia John Vii cd su lien he; "Nhgc trudng khdng khae vdi hieu trudng nha trudng".
"Hieu trudng bi phan xet bdi kha nang tao ra mdi trudng hgc tap, trong dd tai nang ciia cac giao vien ndi len va chat luong viee dgy cua hg cd the eai tien nang lye hge tap eiia ngudi hge..."
John Vu chia se cam nghi: "Dan nhac cd mdt nhae trudng va nhieu nhac edng. Nhac trudng la ngudi lanh dao va nhac cdng la ngudi quan ly, ho quan ly nhac cu rieng de chai nhae. Trudng hgc cd mgt hieu trudng va nhieu giao vien.
Hieu trudng la ngudi lanh dao va giao vien la ngudi quan ly Idp hoc rieng ciia hg. Lanh dao va quan ly khdng nhu nhau nhung lai duoc hen ket va bd sung cho nhau. Viee cua nhgc edng la trinh dien nang luc nghe sT tdt nhat eiia hg, giao vien can td ehiie lap theo kha nang chuyen mdn tdt nhat eua hg. Viec eiia nhac trudng la truyen cam hirng va ddng vien, Viee eiia hieu trudng cung la truyen cam himg va ddng vien. Hieu trudng cd nhiem vu phat trien, cung cap vien kien cho trudng hoe. Hieu trudng giong nhu nhge trudng" [ 3 , t r 251]
Trudc John Vu, Peter Drueker - nha quan ly thyc tien tai ba cd ndi den ba phong each quan ly trong bdi canh hien dai: Phong each nhgc trudng;
Phong each chi huy quan dpi, Phong each huin luyen vien bdng da (nhiing tran di tranh giai)
TRUCJNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc sd 42 (02-2020) Tiep thu Idi khuyen cua Peter Drueker, mdt
hi^u trudng trudng dai hge cd nhieu thanh edng da thuat Igi kinh nghiem ciia ban than: Dieu hanh giang vien dimg phong each nhgc trudng; Dieu hanh sinh vien dimg phong each chi huy quan ddi; Dieu hanh can bd phdng ban dimg phong each huan luyen vien bdng da (nhiing tran di tranh giai)
Ngudi hieu trudng ngay nay vd luan lanh dao nha trudng loai hinh nao eiing phai hai hda ba nang lye:
-I- Nang luc cdng viec: Chon viee dimg ma lam, lam kheo viee da chgn;
+ Nang luc quan he vdi eon ngudi, Dua ddi thii thanh doi tac; Dua ddi tac thanh dong mmh;
Dua dong minh thanh dong ehi, Dua dong ehi thanh tn an.
+ Nang lye tu duy phan bien.
2.3. "Vuot gop" trong "doi moi" de giao due thanh cong trong CMCN 4.0/ thdi dai tri thirc Trong tien trinh phat trien, giao due Viet Nam ludn di tim su canh tan de nhap bude vdi thdi dai. "Vugt gdp" duoc dat ra nhu mdt yeu cau trong mdi lan eanh tan "Vuot gdp" ed nghTa la tiep thu cai mdi nhung doi mdi dugc nd tren CO sd mdt cai cii eiing da duge doi mdi eho thieh hgp vdi hoan canh mdi Nd cd nghTa la bao ve duoc cai eu lan cai mdi sao eho thich hgp vdi su doi mdi can phai tien hanh. Nhu vay "Vugt gdp"
khdng phai la nham mat chay theo eai mdi, virt bd eai eii, eiing khdng phai la khu khu giii lay cai cii, tir bd eai mdi" [4, tr. 31].
Trong the ky XX, giao due dat nude da cd 3 lan "vuot gdp" de Igi ket qua an tugng.
Lan 1, Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc (1907) la sy vugt gdp "Nha trudng biit sat" budi so khai du nhap vao Viet Nam vdi "Nha trudng biit Idng" da cd tir ngan nam tao nen md hinh giao due thuc hge, thuc nghiep Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc tuy ehi tdn tai 9 thang, nhung la cude each mgng am tham de tai nhieu bai hgc quy gia ehg su phat tnen giao due va edn y nghia den ngay nay
Lan 2, Nha trudng Viet Nam theo chuong trinh Hoang Xuan Han, tir 3/1945 cho den thap men 50 ciia the ky XX la su vugt gdp "Nha trudng duy
ly" cua phuong Tay vdi nha trudng dai chiing ed tir phong trao tiiiySn ba Quoc ngir (1938) tao nen nen giao due ed tnat ly phat tiien' Dan tdc/ Khoa hgc/ Dgi chimg. Sau nay duoe chuyen thanh Dan tgc - Dan chii - Khoa hgc
Lan 3, Md hinh Trudng B k Ly (tir 1960 noi tiep den cai each giao due lan tiiii ba 1979) la su vugt gdp nha trudng lao ddng ciia Marx vdi nha trudng Viet Nam thdi khang chiSn tao nen nha trudng pho thdng lao ddng ky thuat tong hgp, dao tgo the he tre cd nhan each ddng gdp ximg dang vao cuoc dau tranh giai phdng dan tdc, thong nhat dat nude,
Ngay nay trong tien trinh thue hien ddi mdi giao due theo tinh than NQ 29/TW khda XI tai cac dia phuong, cac nha trudng van am tham dien ra su "vugt gdp" vdi tinh than Tam hda.
- Hien dgi hda tinh hoa giao due cua tien nhan.
- Viet Nam hda gia tn giao due tien tien eiia thdi dai Gia tn giao due ASEAN; Gia tri giao due tir cae nude phat tnen; Gia tn giao due tir UNESCO
- Lanh manh hda ddi sdng giao due de: Trudng ra trudng - Ldp ra Idp; Thay ra thay - Trd ra trd;
Day ra dgy - Hoc ra hoe.
O Ha Ndi, Trudng Pho thdng trung hoe Dinh Tien Hoang thue hien tnet ly phat trien:
"D": Doi mdi can ban va toan dien qua trinh giao due chuyen tir truyen thy tri thire sang phat trien toan dien pham chat nang luc cho the he tre;
"T"* Thay ty trgng - Trd tu luc;
" H ' Toan trudng "Ham hgc - Ham lam - Ham tien bg"
Q Binh Duong, Trudng Dai hoc Binh Duong thuc hien triet ly 4H Hoc - Hdi - Hieu - Hanh, Dd la Idi Bac Ho dgy nam 1949 khi Bae den du khai giang trudng Nguyen Ai Qudc, Thay - Trd tir " 4 H ' phan dau xay dyng nha trudng thanh td chirc biet hoc hdi (leaming organization)
3. Ket luan
Nam 2007, Dai tudng Vd Nguyen Giap, ngudi ma Giao su Pham Minh Hgc tdn vinh: Nha giao - tudng quan roi vi tudng lam giao due, trong 37
TRUONG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hoc so 42 (02-2020) mgt luan van tam huyet eho ddi mdi giag due da luc hanh ddng hi?uquavatinh than hop tac trong neu len sy ky vgng cae nha trudng Viet Nam dao mdt mdi trudng da van hda cua mdt the gidi toan tao ldp ngudi cd: "Tu duy ddc lap, ed phuong phap cau hda" [5].
tu duy he thdng va cai nhin toan the, cd nang Iyc Giao due Viet Nam chi thanh cdng trong sang tao va tinh than doi mdi, cd kha nang thich CMCN 4 0/ thdi dai tii thirc neu quan tnet dieu ung vdi su_thay ddi thudng xuyen, da dgng, phirc di h u k ciia Dai tijong Vo Nguyen Giap da neu tap day bien ddng bat ngd va bat dmh, ed nang 5 ^j-g^ /
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Dang Quoc Bao, Pham Mmh Gian (20\9), Dong chay gido due Viet tie truyen thdng den hien dgi- ghi ehep -lien tudng- thu hoach, NXB Thdng tin va Tmyen thdng.
[2]. Bai ndi chuyen cua Phd Giao su Le Kim Long - Hieu trudng Trudng Dai hgc Giao due - Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Ndi cho giao vien trudng Olympiangay 7/3/2017.
[3] John Vu (2016), Gido due trong thai dgi tn thiec, NXB Lao ddng. Ha Ndi [4]. Phan Nggc (2002), Bdn she vdn hda Viet Nam, NXB Van hda. Ha Ndi
[5]. Nhieu tae gia (2007), Nhimg vdn de gido due hen nay: quan diem vd gidi phdp. NXB Tn thirc.
Ha Npi.
[6]. Quy Hda binh va phat tnen Viet Nam {2Q\€), He gid tn - muc tieu phdt triin nhdn cdch ngudi hpc cua he thdng gido due, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Ngi.
THE 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND FTS CHALLENGES TO VIET MIND AND EDUCATION
Abstract
The 4.0 Industrial Revolution has brought both opportunities and challenges to Vietnam's education Hence, understanding and applying creatively its best practices to the current situation of Vietnam's education is the present concern among many researchers. This article aims to present specifically fundamental features of this revolution relating to the missions of the nation's education;
thence to propose four crucial solutions to developing Vietnam's education, namely renovating schools, constructing educational system, identifying value system, training young generation, training and retraining school principals
Keywords. The 4.0 Industrial Revolution, Vietnam's education, Viet Mind.
