NIEM TIN CUA TIN DO DAO CONG GIAO VAO THE GIOI LINH HON
Le Minh Thien -, I ^ S Yien Tdm ly hgc
T O M TAT
Bdi viit tim hiiu niem tin eua tin do dao Cong gido vdo mdt the gidi khdc. cu the la The gidi linh hdn. Kel qud nghien cihi 980 tin do cho thdy. niem lin cua cdc tin do vdo The gidi linh hdn chiem ty le rdt cao (9],0%) vd niem lin ndy & mice dp sdu sdc (chiem ty le 78,1%). chi cd 0,3% so tin do Cdng gido tin d mirc dp it. Niem tin cua tin do vdo The gidi linh hon giup lin do s6ng ddi song I6n gido vd xd hgi tol hon.
hg phdi thuc hdnh vd fu dudng a ddi s6ng hiin tgi di sau khi ehet dugc ve vdi Chiia.
Muc dich cudi ciing cita ngudi tin huu hu&ng din Id phdn linh hdn, cupc song vTnh hdng la Thien ddng.
Til- khoa: Tin do dgo Cdng gido; Niem tin cua tin do; The gi&i linh hon, Thien ddng; Bia nguc.
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 2/10/2015; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/12/2015.
1. D a t v a n d e
Trong niem tin cua tin do dao Cong giao, con ngudi co phan hon va phan xac. Sau khi ket thiic cupc song tran gian, con ngudi ton tai d hinh thiic linh hon. Moi ngudi tin hiru sau khi ehet, tuy theo ddi song dao ciia minh, tiiy theo nhirng tpi loi minh da pham thi hnh hon duac len Thien dang hay phai xuong Hoa nguc. Theo quan niem ciia Cong giao, linh hon la bat diet. Muc dich cuoi ciing ciia tin do sau khi ehet la ve vdi Chua, duac hudng ton nhan Chua. Vay, cac tin do d nudc ta hien nay suy nghT nhu the nao ve The gidi linh hon, hg cd niem tin nhu the nao vao the gidi nay. Do la van de chiing ta can tim hieu. Vi neu hieu dugc niem tin cua cac tin dd vao the gidi nay, chiing ta se hieu duac hanh vi ton giao ciia hg, hieu dugc tinh cam cua hg doi vdi Chiia va doi vdi ton giao cua minh. Bai viet phan tich thuc trang niem tin cua cac tin do vao The gidi linh hon qua khao sat 980 tin do d Ha Ngi va Ninh Binh.
2. Khach the va phuang phap nghien ciiu
Nghien cuu da tien hanh khao sat 980 ngudi tai 4 xa/phudng ciia thanh ph6 Ha Ngi (phudng Trung Van, xa Bich Hoa) va tinh Ninh Binh (xa Xuan Thien, xa Van Hai, huyen Kim San).
86 TAPCHITAMLyH0C,S6'l (202), 1-2016
V^
Phuang phap nghien ciiu ca ban dugc sir dung la nghien ciru van ban, tai lieu, khao sat bang bang hoi, phdng van sau, thong ke toan hgc va xir ly kel qua bang phkn mam SPSS 13.0.
3. Ket qua nghien cii-u
3.1. Thuc trang niem tin cUa tin dd vdo The gi&i linh hon
Khi tim hieu niem tin ciia tin do Cdng giao vao The gidi linh hdn, ket qua khao sat the hien d bang sd lieu sau:
Bdng J: Thuc trgng niem tin cua tin do vdo Thi gi&i linh hdn
TT 1 2 3
Thu-c trang niem tin C o l i n
Khong tin Kho tra lai Sd ngirai tra lai So ngudi khong tra ldi
Tong so
So ngiro'i tra Id'i 892
20 53 965
15 980
Ty le % 91,0
2,0 5,4 98,5
1,5 100,0
Nhu vay, hau het cac tin do Cong giao khi dugc hoi co tin vao mot the gioi khac - Thi gioi linh hon, the gidi danh cho con nguoi sau khi ehet, kit thuc cuoc song tran gian (91%).
Trong Kinh Tin Kinh, nguoi Cong giao thucmg doc: Tot dn xdc lodi ngu&i ngdy sau sdng lgi (Tir s6 988 - 1019, din theo sach Giao ly Cong giao, 1992) giai thich nhu sau:
a/ S5ng lai la gi? S6ng lai la viec Thien Chiia fra lai sir song vinh vien cho than xac chung ta khi cho xac ket hgp lai voi linh hSn.
b/ Ai se s6ng lai? Moi ngu'di lanh, ke dO, nhung nguoi da lam dieu lanh se sing lai dl dugc song mai, nguoi da lam dieu dir se song lai de chiu an phat doi ddi.
c/ Khi nao ngudi ta se sing lai? Ngudi ta se song lai vao ngay tan the va sing mai vdi Chiia Kito.
Chi CO mgt ty le rjt nho tin dl ndi khong tin (2%) va 5,4% so tin d l cho la khd tra ldi. Nhu vay, cac tin do tin vao su tdn tai cua mgt the gidi linh hdn danh cho con ngudi.
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3.2. MUc do niem tin eda tin dd vdo Thi gi&i linh hdn
Cd mgt ty le rat cao cac tin di dugc hdi cho bilt, hg tin sau sic va xk sau sac vao The gigi linh hdn (91%), trong dd cd 78,1% s l tin d l tin d mirc rit sau sac; chi cd 3.8% sd tin do tin d mile binh thudng va it. Nhu vay, phin ldn cac tin do Cdng giao dugc hdi cd nilm tin sau sic vao Thi gidi linh hin. Dli vdi hg, cudc sdng d Iran gian chi la ngan ngui, cugc sing phin linh hin sau khi ehet la bat diet, sdng vmh cuu. Hg hudng din cugc sing sau khi ehet, mong mudn dugc ve hudng tdn nhan Thien Chda, dugc sdng cimg vdi Thien Chiia tren Thien dang.
Bdng 2: Mirc do niem tin ciia tin do vdo The gi&i lmh hon
TT 1 2 3 4
Mirc do tin Tin rat sau sac Tin sau sac Tin binh thudng Tin it So ngudi tra ldi So ngudi khong tra ldi
Tong so
So ngu'M tra Idi 697 115 31
3 846
46 892
TV le % 78,1 12,9 3,5 0,3 94,8
5,2 100,0
Phong van sau cho thay, cac tin do tin vao The gidi linh hon, hp tin vao su tdn tai ciia hai the gidi ddi lap nhau: Thien dudng va Dia nguc. Cac tin do tin rang, Thien dudng la the gidi vd ciing tdt dep, con ngudi duac trudng tdn, hanh phiic, nai co ThiSn Chiia. Thien dudng chi danh cho nhii'ng ngudi tin va theo Chiia, lam tron bon phan doi vdi Thien Chiia, thuc hien cac dieu ran day cua Thien Chiia. Trai vdi Thien dudng, Dia nguc la the gidi kinh sg, ehet choc va kho ai, nai danh cho nhirng ngudi khong tin va theo Chiia, khong tuan giir nhttng dieu Chtia ran day. Cac tin do Cong giao tin la Chua se dem lai cugc song vTnh cuu - cupc sdng d Thien dudng.
Cac tin do y thirc dugc rang, minh co den dupc the gidi do hay khdng phu thupc vao tinh cam, thai dp va hanh vi cua hp ddi vdi Thien Chiia thong qua viec song dao, thuc hanh va tuan giir cac dieu Chiia day bao. Neu hp chap hanh tdt cac chuan muc ciia Cong giao, ton kinh Chiia va tuan giiJ cac dieu ran thi se duac len Thien dudng, trai lai khdng thuc hien duac nhtrng dieu nay thi se bi day xuong Dia nguc.
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Co th^ ndi, Thi gidi linh hdn la dgng luc de cac tin do den va di theo ton giao, hy sinh cho ton giao ciia minh. Day ciing la mdt nguyen nhan chinh ly giai cho su tdn tai ciia tdn giao theo chieu dai ciia Uch sii nhan loai.
3.3. Nguyen nhdn lam cho cdc tin do tin vdo The gi&i linh hon Khi tim hiSu nhirng nguyen nhan nao lam cho cac tin dd tin vao The gidi linh hdn? Ket qua khao sat thu dugc nhu sau:
Bdng 3: Nguyen nhdn cpng dong tin do Cong gido tin vdo The gi&i linh hdn
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Nguyen nhan Tu tim hieu Doc Kinh thanh Sinh hoat ciia cdng ddng Giao due gia dinh
Chirc sac ton giao tuyen truyen Anh hudng ciia cac tin do khac Tong so fu-gt ngiroi trii IM
So iirot ngirol tra IM 464 815 541 575 443 56 2.894
Ty le % 16,0 28,2 18,7 19,9 15,3 1,9 100,0
Ciing gidng nhu nguyen nhan ciia cac khia canh khac eda niem tin. cac nguyen nhan chu yeu giup cac tin dd tin vao The gidi linh hdn la do cac nguyen nhan sau:
Thd nhit, cac tin dd doc Kinh thanh trong dao Cdng giao, nhirng dieu ran day, giao due due tin trong Cdng giao dugc the hien trong Kinh thanh, sach giao ly, ngudi tin hiru cd the tu dgc va tu tim hieu.
Thir hai, nilm tin vao Thi gidi linh hdn dugc hinh thanh do giao due ciia gia dinh. Ngudi Cdng giao, ngoai nhiing budi tham du Thanh ll cd linh muc va cac giao ly vien giang day thi mdi trudng gia dinh la noi giao due dire tin Cdng giao, cac thi he trong gia dinh thudng xuyen giao due con em minh, day vira la trach nhiem vira la nghia vu cua cae bac lam cha me trong viec giao due due tin Cdng giao. Chinh vi thi, gia dinh la noi giao due, day dd va khuyen bao con cai minh song dao, tin vao cac dilu ran day trong Kinh thanh, giao Iy.
Thd ba, nhilng sinh hoat cdng ddng trong dao, ban than ea nhan tu tim hilu, cac chuc sac tdn giao (linh muc) tuyen truyen cung la nhdng nguyen nhan hinh thanh niem tin vao The gidi linh hdn cua tin dd.
Ngoai ra, cdn cd nhirng nguyen nhan tam ly xa hdi nhu tac dgng cua cac tin dl khac cung anh hudng tich cyc den niem tin eua tin dd vao The gidi linh hdn.
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4. Ket luan
Ket qua nghien cilu vl nilm tin vao Thi gidi linh hin eda tin do cho thay, hiu het cac tin d i Cdng giao khi dugc hdi diu cd nilm tin vao mdt the gidi khac - The gidi linh hdn, thi gidi danh cho con ngudi sau khi ehet, ket thilc cudc song Iran gian.
Ve muc do nilm tin, cac tin d i cd nilm tin sau sac vao The gidi linh hdn sau khi ket thiic cugc sing d trin gian. Thi gidi nay cd hai loai - Thien dudng va Dia nguc. Cac tin di tin ring, nhung ngudi tin Chua, lam theo ldi ran cua Chua se dugc len Thien dudng, cdn nhu'ng ngudi khdng tin Chua, khdng lam theo dieu ran cua Chua, pham tdi ac se bi day xudng Bia nguc.
Cac nguyen nhan chinh tao nen niem tin cua tin dd la do hg ty dgc Kinh thanh, do gia dinh giao due va do ty tim hieu. Gia dinh la nai dau tien hinh thanh nen niem tin tdn giao cua cac tin dd.
Chil thfch
Bai Viet sir dung ket qua nghien cuu De tai cap Bo: Nghien cuu nhdng dqc diem tdm ly ca bdn ciia tin do Cong gido d nudc ta, GS.TS. VU Ddng lam chit nhiem 2013 - 2014, Vien Han lam KHXH Viet Nam.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bao cao tong ket de tai cap Bd, Nghien citu nhimg ddc diem tdm ly ca bdn cita tin do Cong gido a nu&c ta, GS.TS. Vu Diing lam chii nhiem, 2014
2. Vii Diing, Nhan thuc ciia tin do Cong gido ve Bite Chita Trai vd The gidi linh hon.
Tap chi Tam ly hoc, S6 8/2014.
3. Vu Diing, Niem tin ciia cdc tin do Cong gido vdo Buc Chita Tr&i, Tap chi Tam ly hgc, S6 9/2014.
4. Le Minh Thien, Nhan thuc ciia tin do Cong gido ve Kinh thdnh vd cdc dieu rdn ciia Chiia, Tap chi Tam iy hoc xa hpi. So 8/2014.
5. Vu Thu Trang, Nhdn thitc ciia tin do Cong gido ve cdc bon phdn cita minh. Tap chi Tam ly hoc xa hgi. So 8/2014.
6. Sach giao ly ciia Giao hoi Cdng giao, 1992.
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