ii'tti tim i m vSm» uaM H ^ ^ ^ T R U d N G DAI HOC QuSc-K HONG BANG i^H l i s i :<QH AOW) i ) 0 ^
VAI T R 6 CUA G I A O DVC DAO T ^ O VA NHffiNG p a f e i f i TAC BpNG DEN P H A T TRIEN N G U 6 N PfHiw B^lO €3*41 J
LlTflNG CAO 6 NtrdC TA THftl KY HOlNH^P "J | | ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE FACTORS lUti^ C', THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES M HIGH QUid^^i
INTEGRAnONPERIOD COUNTRY " ' - ' ' ' J Thai Hirn 'niin«Vl<gll^iliSi«^QlM
T 6 M T A T - • , . •- jsj':
Dao tgo ngudn nhdn tgc chdt lugng cao Id hogt d$ng bf giic c&Tm0 afeA' a«i' cic chi the gido due ddo tgo, hogt dgng nay tic dgng mdt cich d h$ thingi^-sf phdl trien tinh thdn, thi chdt, nhdn each, phdm chdt va ndngl^i trinh d^chtgAn^,' ngAc nghi^, phuang phap, tic phong lim vifc cia nguSn nhdm luc chi. lugng cao, dap ung yiu cdu phit triin Unh tixa hgi ddt nudc. Giio dgc dao Igo ed vt'trtl^ih^
quan tigng, khdng tiii thay thi, dugc nhiiu quic gia titin thi gidi xic dfnh Id ^de sich hing ddu. BU viit di cgp ve vai ti-d, nhiing nhdn ti ticd^ng vdnhung,yili.cdu tiong viic ddo tgo nguin nhan lgc chdt lugng cao d nudc ta tiong thdil^hti « # •
Tir khia: Giao due dao tgo, nguon nhdn life chdt Itrgng cao, hgi nh$p.
ABSTRACT I Education and tiaining high-quality human resources that operate votuntgr^^
with tke purpose of tiie subject of education and ti-aining, such activities impmd' systematic way to the development of mental, physical, personality, qualities ini abilities, professional qualifications, methods and worUng styles of high-qutO^
'••"'^'sources, meeting the requirements of economic and sodal development gfm- '^'""•tiy. Education and tiaining has an important special place, not a substitute, mami' countiies around the worU identified as a top national policy. The article mentions tHe role, mpactfactors and the requirements in tiaining high-quality human resource In our country during the integration period.
Keywords: Educations, high quality of human resources, integration.
I
• " * ' ^ * , i^liit lupng cao l i nfti dung "dot phi chilli Luong Hnh xay dyng dat nuftc lupc" ciia su phit trien dit nuftc thfti » tamg thfti ky qui dS Ita chu nghia xa mfti. Dpt phi chiln Iupc niy li 'Vlu tl
0"° f n g , phit ttita nam 2011) nhin quyit dinh diy m?nh phit triln v i lilffi •?
• ^ Phittntagiiodvcvidiotaocung dyng khoa hpc, cftng nghf, co ciu lai S I vfti phit men khoa hpc va cftng nghf li Mnh tl, chuyin dfti mft hinh tang truftng I quoc sich hMigdau; diu tu cho g i ^ dye va li lpi thi cpd, tranh quan t i p n g S :' va dio 1,0 li dau tu cho phit triln"[l, bio dim cho phit triln L n T h i l T ^ J tr.77]. Giio due dio tao nguin nhin luc v i bin virng" [2, tr.l30]. Giio dye - ^ |
'Its. Trmmg Bf, hpc Kinh leLugl-BHQGTRHCM D J S O 05 - IHANG 03/2016
T»PCHl KHOA wgc ft»i ligc QiiSc I E H S N G BANG tao nguin I M K ISEiaA lupng ^ ) gftp phin fljiic d i y Mnh t l tri thuc, phat huy tinh thin din tftc, tao dpng luc cho su n ^ f p dfti mfti, cftng nghifp hoa, hien
%i hfta dit nuoc tro^g lifti if mfti. Nin i n h t l tri tfailc se khftng Ihl phit triln
^eu khftng eft dupe nguin nhin lyc chat IWng eao d ^ tog yta ciu, nlu khong dly mimh giao dye - dio tao nguon nhau
%c chit hnjrng cao. Ttfn co sft boi duftng tinh c4m yeu nuftc, y thiic din tftc, giao ,dyc - dio 1 ^ nguin nhin lye chit lupng cat! trang bi phuong phip v i tri thuc khoa hpc,. thi tint fliin din tftc ciia nguftn nhin te J % oing dupc phit huy, hoin thinh ,t|t vai trft nftng cot, "diu tiu" ciia minh tK)pg eic hoat dfng, dac bift trong hfi iDJblpqulc tl.
2. N^i dnng nghiin cihi 2.1. Vai trd ciia giio dvc - d i o t^o TiM vifc phif triln n g u i n n h i n l^c chit l u ^ g eao » Vift Nam hifn nay
V l vai trft cfla giio dye - dio bio, eilong linh xiy dtmg dit nuftc trong thfti 1^ qui df Ifn chu nghia xa hpi (bl sung, phit trifa Mm 2011) cia Ding nhiin dinh
"Giio dgc va ddo tgo cd su m^nh ning ego ddn tri, phit triin nguin nhin life, boidudngnhdn tii, gdpphdn quan tiong phit triin ddt nudc, xdy dung nin vdn hoa vi con ngudi Vi$t Nam" [3, tr.77].
Diln 5, khoin 1 Lujt Giio dye dai hpc
•Wft Nam 2013 xic djnh myc tieu chung efla giio dye dai hpc li: Dio tao nhin Wn, ning cao din tri, b l i dirftng nhin tii, nghita c t o khoa hpc, cong nghf tao ra llithiic, sin phim mfti, phyc vy yfu eiu phit triln kmh t l - x i hfi, bao dim quic phftng, an ninh v i hpi nh|p quic tl; Dio tjio ngufti hpc eft p h i n chit ohinh tri, dao dfic; kiln thiic, ky ning thyc hinh nghi nghifp, ning lyc nghita c t o v i phit triln tog dyng khoa hpc, cftng nghf tuong xtog vfti tttah df, eft siic khfte, eft khi ning sing tao, trich nhifm nghi nghifp, thich n ^ ^ f t i mfti truftng lim vifc, eft f thiic phye v^ nhili din...
Nhimg quan dilm co l)an trta cho Ihiy ro vai trft quyit dinh cua giio due - dio tao d l i vfti phit triln nguon nhin luc chit hrpng cao ft Vift Nam hifn nay. thi hifn trta nhimg npi dung ehinh sau:
Thu nhdt, gido due - dao tgo giip cho ngudi hgc d tri thuc, trinh dg chuyen mdn, trinh dg tu duy dap img yeu cdu phat triin Unh ti - xd hdi
\%i trft nay flme chit l i ning cao tri lyc nguin nhin luc chit lupng eao.
Nhifm vu hing diu cfla giio dye - dio tao l i trang bi tri thfc va trinh dft ehuyfn rnftn, trinh df tu duy theo mue tifu, yta cau xic dinh. Trang bi tri fhfl:e l i chile nang co bin cfla bat cii nta giio dye - dio tjo nio. Su phit triln efla giio dye - dio tao chinh l i sv phit triln nhiing tri thto m i nft truyen tii, cung cap eho eon ngufti trong qua tiinh giio dye - dio tao.
"Sij mfnh nang cao din tri, phit triln nguin nhin luc, bli duftng nhin tii" cho dit nuftc thi hita tip trung v i Irufte hit ft nen giio dye - dio tao cung cip, ttang bj cho con ngufti nhiing tri thiic, kiln thilc, ehuyfn mftn can fliilt d l hp eft flil khim phi v i cii tao the gifti, lao dpng sing tao, cftng hiln cho xa hfti.
Tren eo sft nhirng tri thiic, kiln ihitc, kinh nghifm, chuyta mftn m i giio dye - dio tao mang lai, nang luc tu duy ly lulin v i hoat dpng fliyc tien cfla ngufti lao dfng ngiy cing phit triln. Sy khae nhau can bin, thi hifn khi nang "diu tiu",
"mui nhpn" v i vai ttft nftng cot cfla nguftn nhin luc chit lupng cao so vfti toin bf nguftn nhin iuc dit nuftc la ft nang lyc fir duy ly lufn Khftng eft nang luc tu duy ly luan, hofc khftng dip tog tit yfu ciu, thi ngufti dft, dfl eft trinh dp hpc vin cao, nhung chua flil coi l i nhan lye chit lupng cao dflng nghia. Thftng qua giio dye - dio tao, trta co sft nhtog tri thftc, idnh nghifm, chuyta mftn fliu nhfn dupc, ttinh df nhin ttilie, tu duy cfla con ngufti dupc phit triln, d l flinc sy ttd thinh nhin lyc chit luprng eao v i phit huy tot vai tto
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H
TRUdNG B«I HOC QUSC T E H O N G BANG ndng cdt trong fli^ tiln.Di^u S, Ishom 2 Lu§t Gido di^c d$i hpc 2013 ^ ro: D ^ tao trinh dp d$i hpc d i sinh vi€n co kiln fliuc chuy€n mon toan d i ^ nam vibig nguyen Yy, qay loSt t^ nhi€n - sS, hdi, c6 k^ nang thirc h^nh ca ban, Idia nang lam viSc ddc 1|^, sang t ^ , giai q u ^ t nfaSng van de fliupc nganh dupc dao t ^ ; D ^ tao trinh dd thsic sT d€
hpc vien co kign thitc khoa hpc ngn t ^ g , ky nang chuyen sau v@ ni$t luih vyc khoa hpc ho^c ho9t d$ng ngbe ngbi$p hidu qud, CO khi n ^ g lam vi|c d$c lip, sai^
t^U), c6 nSng bfc pMt h i ^ giai quydt nhung van d^ chuydn nganh dio tao; Bao t^o trinh dp t i ^ sT dk nghidn cum sinh c6 trinh dO cao vh 1^ t h i ^ ^ v i iing d\mg, c6 nSng Ivrc nghidn cuu ddc 1 ^ , sing t^o, pMt trien tri tfatirc mdi, phit h i ^ nguydn ly, quy lu$t tvr nhidn - xa hdi va giii qpiyet nhthig v ^ de mdi v^ khoa hpc, cdng i^@, hudng din n g h i ^ cihi v i ho^t d$ng chuydn mdn.
TM hai. gido <hfc - ddo tgo gi^p cho ngttdi hgc phdt trien vd hodn thi^n nhan cdch, dgo Sue nghe nghiap, ndng cao the chat ^p ing yeu cdu phdt trim dat nudc.
Nhin cich con ngudi dupc Wnh fliinh, phit t r i ^ fliong qua cic m6i quan h§ tic d0ng gifla con ngudi vdi con ngudi, vdi xa hdi, vdi fliidn nhien, thdng qua cic m6i quan hd lao dOng, vin hda, xa h0i, giio dye, dio t^o... d l ton t^ii v i phit t r i ^ . Sy hhih fliinh, phit trien v i hoin t h i ^ nhan cich con ngudi gin bd rit ch|it che vdi giio dye - dio t ^ . Giio dye - dio t^o lu&i cd vai trd chii d^o ddi vdi vi§c Unh flianh v i phit triln nhin cich [4, tr.215]. Nhin cich fliudng dupc xic djnh v i cy flie hda bing hd fli6ng gii trj, nh4t l i nh&ng gii trj tiSu bilu. Moi mdt flidi ky Uch sfif cd nhftng gii tti cy flie nham dip iing y6u cau flidi ky iy Giio dye - dio teo xic dinh ndi dung, chuong trinh nhim dio t^o nen nhihig con ngudi flieo cic gii tt\, chuSn myc nhSn cich
tAdt dinh, tuy cd n h m ^ gii tr} mang tiiA truyen fli6ng, cdt cich vit bin s i c d&a t$a
Ndu nhu trong khing chien ch6h^
x3m luorc, chung ta nhan m^nh d ^ nhfhig gii tn yeu nudc trong c h i ^ ^ u , tinh'th^
dimg cam, kidn cuong, -jf chi IdiSc p l ^ ^ Idid khan, gian khd, hy smh , thi hi^a nay chung ta da v i can cd nh{mg con nguoi yeu nuoc gan vdi ydu chu ngb&
j ^ hdi, biet lao dpng sing t^o, lim giM cho xa hdi v i ban tban, gia dinh, lao d$Bg vdi nang su4t, chit lupng, hi$u qui, cd tinh ddc lap, ty chu, kha nang hdi nh$p Toin bd nhung gia tn dd lam co sd x&y dyng chuang tnnh, npi dung, thyc h i ^ cic hlnh thuc, bipn phap g i ^ dye - ^ii&
tao. Dong thdi, giao dye - dao t ^ vdi cbiStc nang cua mmh lai trang bi, bdi duSng nhfing gli tn nhan cich, nhihig yeu C ^ ve d ^ due cua nguoi lao dpng, d^o due ngh^nghi^ trong qua tnnh hpc t|ip Didu niy flie hi9n rit ro trong myc tidu giio dye m i Lu^l Giao dye d ^ hpc 2013 xic djnh: Dao 190 nguoi hpc "CO p t i ^ cdj^' chinh trj, d^o diic"; "c6 khi nang sing t^o v i trich nhi$m nghd nghiap"; "c&^
tii6c phyc vy nhin din".
Thdng qua giio dye - dio t9d^ t t t cich, d ^ dtic n ^ l nghidp ciia con n g M "
tung budc phit triln v i hoin flii^. ^ cd thi cd dupc nhihig con ngudi p h ^ tridn diy d i nhin cich, d^o ddrc n ^ l i ^ ^ dip dng tdt ydu c4u cu$c 560^
ndu khdng flidng qua gido dye - dio t9Q, h09c fliyc hidn giio dye khdng t6t. Tk&Bg qua sy phit triln nhin cich v i d^o <t^ .^
nghi nghiap cua con ngudi m i cd. tft, "
dinh gii duprc mOt cich chinh xic, khici^
quan v l chit lupng giio dye - dio t?o eiia ddt nudc, c6a nginh, l&h vyc v i < ^ phuong.
Bdn c^nh vi§c trang bi, phit t A tri flidc, ning cao khi nSng lao dOng, 1 ^ v i ^ , giio dye - dio t9o c&i ttyc tilp 0p phin tang cudng sdc khde, sy bin bl dSo dai, nhung t l chit flie chit c ^ ttiilt c t o 2 ngudi lao ddng. Ngn6n nfaSn I\ic d ^ |
| S 6 05 - THANG 03/2016
T y C H i KHOA H9CB»1 Hpc qu6CTgnaH6BAIiG li^vng cao chj c6 fl4 phit trii^ toin d i ^ c i v l tri lyc. All ly© v i cic bogt d ^ xa hdi kha: nlu giio ^ - dio t^o dupc fliyc h i ^ tot I - ^ l a i ^ ^ cdu vd giao dye - d i o t?o d ttid 1^ XXI a i cdng bd va dira ra bon try cpt chinh cua x3 hpi hpc tip: 7%if n ^ hpc tri th6c l i hpc ki&i flidc dd fliich dng vdi nhimg thay ddi cua l ^ o a l ^ cdng nghd va kmh t l , xa hpi, dd l i "giiy tiidng hirii" cho viec hpc sudt 6M. Thu hai, hpc Mm vide l i hpc nghi, phit haen khi nang &nnig diu vdi nhihig thdt hu&ig Idiic nhau v i Iim vifc trong t ^ thi, nhtmg ky nang lim viec, each fliam gia eic h o ^ dpng nghd nghiap, xa h0i. Thu ba, hpc cich tdn t ^ Ii ddi hdi Gd k h i nang ty quin v i phin doin cao, tang cudng tiich n h i ^ c i nhdn d l deit myc tidu chung. Thutu, hpc cich chung sing la khi nang hilu bilt ngudi xung quanh, Ijch sd, tmyln flidng, van hda tinh ttian ngudi Idiic, bilt phan flch nguy ca v i t h ^ thdc, khi nang thyc hidn dk i n chung v i giii quyit xung dpt flidng minh v i h ^ b l n h .
Vdi nhihig ndi dung v i ySu ciu trdn, giio dye - dio t^o sS t ^ cho ngudi lao d$ng, ngudn nhin luc chit lupng cao nhm^ CO sd can bin, "cdt vit chit" cho sy phit h i l n toin d i ^ ciia mmh. Dd l i v i ^ mang 1^ cho ngudi lao ddng sy phit tti^i v l thi chit v i tinh thin.
7%ir ba, gido dtfc - ddo tgo gi^ cho n^idih^c cd du^phucmgphdp lam vi$c khoa hgc vd khd ndng thich ung nhanh v&i bien doi cua moi truang Idm vi^
trong nuac vd quoc ti.
Bdn c^nh vi$c trang bj, phit trien tri thdc, ning cao khi nang lao dpng, Iim vi?c, khi ning hoin fliinh nhidm vy d0c 1 ^ v i khi nang lim vi?c t§p flil, Idii ning hi duy Mioa hpc, thi gjio dye - dio t ^ tryc t i ^ boi duong phuong
^&p lim vide khoa hpc v i khi nang fliich dng nhanh vdi sy biln dli cda mdi tnidng lim vide cho n^idi hpc. Khdng cd phuong p b ^ l i m ^ d c khoa hpc v i khi
nang thich dng flii ngudi hpc khdng flil d ^ ung &ipc yeu cau tidu chi cua nhin lyc ch& lupng cao. Thdng qua giio (hic - dao tao, phuong p h ^ lim vide khoa hpc a i a ngudi hpc dugrc hinh thanh v i tfimg budc nang cao. Ddi vdi ngudn nhan lyc chit luprng cao hipn nay, phuang phip lam vide Idioa hpc va khi nang thich dng nhanh vdi sy bien ddi ciia mdi tn^mg lim
\ipc tnmg nuOT v i qudc t l l i v i n d l qaan hpng dac biet Nd taw dilu kidn v i co sd vimg CMC cho ho^t d§ng sing t^o ciia nMn Iuc chit lupng cao, nang tim inh hudng va vai hd eua hp doi vdi qui trinh kinh td - xa hdi cua dit nudc, dja phuong, nginh, ca quan, don vi tiudc sy biln ddi mau 1^ cua mdi tiudng.
Mdi trudng lim vide d trong nudc v i quoc t l ngiy cing xuit hi§n nhilu nginh n ^ l mdi v i nhieu nginh nghi cii ciing bi mit di, ky nang, kira thdc ciia con ngudi ludn dl bi 1 ^ h|u, bj thyc tiln vupt qua, nlu khdng dupc hpc t|^, b l i dip lidn tyc. Hdi nh§p quic t l ngiy cing sau rOng, phan cdng lao dpng quoc t l n ^ y cing md rdng v l quy md v i yeu ciu cao v l chit lupng, ihi cing ddi hdi ngudi lao ddng phii cd kiln thuc v i phim chit can fliiet co bin, cd khi ning thich dng, fliich nghi tdt d l hdi n h ^ quoc te. Giio due - dio tao giup cho ngudi hpc tri thdc, lg' nang, phuong phap can fliilt hi§n d^
de hp cd thd hpi nh|p qudc t l , ning cao hidu qui hpp tic quoc tl; dong flidi khic phyc dupc tinh trang khep kin, ddng cda, ho^c tilp thu miy mdc, philn dign nhung kinh n g h i ^ cua cac nudc tr&i thi gidi.
2.2. Nhimg n h i n t i t i c d$ng din giio dye - d i o tao nguin nhfin 1 ^ chit lupng cao
Mpt Id. tdc dpng cda ca che, chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Mid nuac.
Co che, chinh sich quy dinh phuong hudng, myc tidu va quy md giio dye - dio tao nguon nhan lyc chat lupng cao. Phit triln nguin nhin lyc v i nguin nhin lyc chit hipng cao khdng phii l i sy
Sd 0 5 - T H A N G 03/20161
H v""*"' TRl/ONG DAI HOC QUOC TE HONG BANG phat trien du0c den dau hay den do, ma
phai la qua trinh chu dong, tu giac, voi nhimg CO che, chinh sach cu the phii hop, kha thi ciia Dang va Nha nudc. Dang va Nha nudc la chu the lanh dao, quan ly quyet dinh ca che. chinh sach, quy dinh phucmg hudng, muc tieu va md rong quy mo phat tnen nguon nhan luc chiit lucmg cao ttong rimg thdi ky. Dai hoi X cua Dang chi ro "Nha nudc tang diu tu cho cac muc tieu uu tien, cac chuang ttinh qudc gia phat trien giao due, ho ug vilng ddng bao dan tdc thieu so, viing sau, vung xa, bien gidi, hai dao" [5, tt.35]. Dai hdi XI cua Dang nhan manh phai ti6p tuc ddi mdi CO che, chinh sach phat ttign nguon nhan lire, quan ly giao due, dao tao tten tinh than tang tinh tu chu, tu chiu trach nhiem cua cac co sd giao due, ttong dung va thu hilt nhan tai.
Co che. chinh sach quy dinh viec doi mdi noi dung, chuang trinh giao due - dao tao phat trien ngudn nhan luc chat luong cao. Phat trien nguon nhan luc chit luong cao phai cd npi dung, chuong ttinh giao due - dao tao phii hop vdi tat ca cac cip hoc. Dieu do chi cd th6 cd dugc khi cd mot he co chS, chinh sach dung din, phu hop. Nhan ro tam quan trpng cua vin de, Bai hdi XI ciia Dang yeu ciu phai ddi mdi chuang trinh, ndi dung, phuang phap day va hpc, thi kiem tta theo hudng hien dai, nang cao chit luong giao due;
hoan thien co chj, chinh sach xa hpi hda giao due khuyjn khich cac hoat ddng khuyen hoc, khuySn tai, thu hiit nhan tai, chuyen gia gidi; thuc hien ddng bd chinli sach dao tao, thu hiit, trpng dung, dai ngd ximg dang nhan tai khoa hpc [6. tt2l9].
Co che, chinh sach quyit dinh din tinh hieu qua, chil lugng phat triin ngudn nhan luc chat lupng cao. Sir tac ddng cua CO che, chinh sach cua Dang, Nha nudc den phat trien ngudn nhan luc chit lugng cao la lac dpng true tiip din cac vin di CO ban ciia giao due - dao tao, Co chi chinh sach diing, phii hgp thi khdng
nhihig thu hiit dugc ngudi tai, ngudi gidi, tang so lugng ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao, ma cdn thuc day lao ddng sang tao, cdng hien to Idn cua ngudn nhan lire nay cho su nghiep ddi mdi, day manh cong nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc, hpi nhap qudc te, xay dung va bao ve Td qudc. Co che, chinh sach khdng phu hgp, tham chi gay can trd sir cdng hiin ciia con ngudi, thi se lam thui chdt nhan tai, kim ham su phat trien ciia nguon nhan lire chat lupng cao. Hien nay, chinh sach, eg che ddi vdi ngudn nhan luc chit lugng cao cdn nhieu han chi. "Chinh sach tiin lugng, thu nhap chua dgng vien dupc can bd, cdng chttc, ngudi lao ddng gan bo, tan tam vdi cdng viec" [7, tt. 168]. Dd la mpt yeu td gay nen tinli ttang "chay mau chat xam", lam viec cam chtmg diln ra kha phd bien ttong tat ca cac nganh, cac Itnh vuc hoat ddng ttong ddi sdng kinh te - xa hgi nudc ta.
Hai Id, tdc dong cita didu kien kinh le, xd hoi
Diiu kien kinh ti - xa hdi tac dpng tich cue tao mdi trudng, diiu kien cho phat ttiin giao due - dao tao nguon nhan iuc chat lugng cao. Con ngudi ndi chung, ngudn nhan luc chit lugng cao ndi neng vua la chii the vira la san phim cua diiu kien kinh ti - xa hgi. Diiu kien kinh ti - xa hdi la nhan td tac dpng co ban phan anh moi quan he giiia phat triin kinh ti va phat triin ngudn nhan luc. Trinh dp phat^trien kinh ti - xa hgi va ,su phat triin ngudn nhan luc quan he bien chung vdi nhau, tao dieu kicn cho nhau cimg phat tnen, Kmh ti - xa hgi phat tnin, thiit b| cdng nghe san xuat hien dai ddi hdi chat lupng ngudn nhan luc phai phu hgp, Ddng thdi, su phat ttiin kinh te - xa hpi lai cho phep con ngudi ed diiu kien nang cap tri luc, the luc, cd diiu kien phat tnin giao due - dao tao, y ti, van hoa, thuc hicn chinh sach xa hpi, phat triin ngudn nhan j lgc chat lugng cao, Diiu kien kinh ti - xa hdi kho khan, mat trai eiia kinh te th
| S 0 05 - THANG 03/2016
T»-OglCHQ»Hpca«IHpcilBSctfrtBIIGBi>He h u t e g chi j i l ^ j B ^ m ^ i n h taiAiig tien cue dka phit t r i i t n ^ i ^ BMa l p ; cMt liHn^ cao. Mjt ttii oqa kinh t6 thj ttudng ttijc aSp h u j hoji nhiia t6 chiic va con nguod, lam xuat h i ^ va phat ttien nhiing can b ^ kho CO lifti thuoc chiia, nhiing giS lli tinh thin, chinh Iri, dsio diic, van hda... bi mft trai cto kinh t l thi ttudng mang ra thich da v4 bj ha xudng h»ng b | c M yin ttong h j fh&ig gia tri, dia vi idng tien I&i ngdi. Vi0c phit ttien nguon i M n luc chat Ingiig cao chju svr tac djng m#lh m8 v i sau sae cia ttoh htoh ttofi,
Trong tinh htoh dd, ngudn nhin luc chit lugng cao khdng nhung thi&i diiu W ^ phit triln, ctog hiln, ma d hg con iM dl iiiy smh v i phit ttiln tu tudng
"Uah t l don thuln", "kJ thu^t thuin tiy", m i xem nh?, bing quan, thd a cic vto d l chinh tri - xa hgi, Nhin cich, d»o diio trong giio dye - dio tao n g u ^ nhin Ivc chit lugng cao bj tio djng manh me bfti CO chi thj tnidng. Su tic dOng tiSu c\rc dd din din m§t b$ phJu cin b^, tti thftc, nhi kmh doanh, nhin vi&i, cdng nhin ky fliuilt v i nguoi lao dgng gidi d cio Itoh vvrc hojt d^ng cd xu hudng lao d0ng chi vi "milng com tim io", Ngudi lao dgng cd thi lao dgng sin xuit chi vdi vdi mvc ti6u kith tl, m i khdng tieh eye tham gia cic hoat d0ng chmh ttj - xa hgi, khdng quan tim din xiy dtmg co quan, don vj, nginh, doanh n ^ ^ , khdng chii f din phit ttiln bin viing. Chieu hudng dd khdng phii tit ylu xiy ra, nhung rit di xiy ra v i phit ttiln, cin phii tinh din dl cd hi$n phip khae phyc, ning cao chit Iugng nguin nhin I\rc chit lugng cao dap ling y«u ciu nhi$m vy ttong giai doan mdi.
Ba la, tic dgng cua dieu Ufn vdn hda, tdm ly, phong tgc, tgp qudn
Bilu kifn vin hda, tim IJ, pbong tyc, tip quin l i mdt ylu t l tie djng khdng nhd din vifc phit triln ngudn nhin lyc chit toong cao. Phit triln nguon nhin lyc chit togng caa«ung l i phit ttiln con
ngudi cho nhu ciu phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi. EH&i kien van hda, tim If, phong tyc, tjj) quin cd nhilu ylu to tt'ch eye, tien hO, phd hgp la co sd rat quan trgng hinh thinh nhiing phim chit tdt dep cho con ngudi, cho su phit triln ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao. Dd la nhung ylu tfl nen ting m i tren CO sd dd mdi con ngudi v i c i nguon nhin lyc dugc phit triln.
Nhung gii tij van hda tiuyln thdng tdt dep eua dan tgc hoi quyen vdi cic gii trj each mang tjo thanh luc lugng tinh thin to ldn_ trong chdng ngoai xim v i xiy dung dit nudc. Ddc lap dan tgc gin li&i vdi chtl ngUa xa hgi, yeu nudc phit trien Ihinh yeu nudc xa h0i c h i nghia;
e h i nghta anh hiing cich mang khdng chi trong chiln diu m i c i ttong lao dOng sin xuit xay dyng dit nnde, can cii lao ddng khdng chi cho bin flian, gia dmh m i cdn cho xa hdi, thuong ngydi da ttd thinh le sotig va hinh dOng giii phdng con ngudi, phin diu vi hanh phuc eua nhin din lao ddng. Toin bg gii trj tinh thin tot d?p dd tic ddng sau sic v i tao co sd, lim "b?
dS" cho vise htoh thinh nhimg phim chat tdt ifp ciia nhin lyc chit lugng cao.
Tuy nbidn, nhiing phong tye, t | p quin, tim ly, thdi quen lac hiu ciing l i ydu t l giy cin ttd khdng nhd din sy phit ttien nguon nhin luc chit lugng eao, Theo Chii tjch Ho Chi Mmh "Thdi quen v i truyen fliong lac hju cimg la kd dieh to; nd ngim ngam ngan ttd cich mjng tien bg. Ching ta Iji khong Ihl ttin ip nd, m i phii cii t^io nd mgt each rit cin than, rit chju Ithd, lit liu dii" [8, tt.287], Nhung tu ttrdng, tim ly khdng muln ngudi khac hon mtoh, dja phuong chu nghia, thilu tiich nhi$m, thilu ky lujlt, ken cya, dun diy trach nhigm, khong din chi, him danh, him lgi.,,, neu khdng khae phyc tot Uii dd se Ii vjt cin sy phit ttien cia con ngudi v i nguon nhin lyc chit Iugng eao,
Bon Id, tdc dgng cia hgi nhgp quic te.
SO 05 - THANG 03/20161
H "°^"T- TRl/OWG OAI HOC QUOC TE HONG BANG Hoi nhap qudc te thuc day sir phat
trien, nang cao chat lucmg nguon nhan lire chat Iuong cao. Trong dieu kien toan cau hoa, hpi nhap quoc te trd thanh van de dac biet he trpng trong chien luge phat trien ciia cac qudc gia. Giao luu va hpp tac quoc te ngay cang ma rong ve quy md va phat trien ve chieu sau tren tat ca cac llnh vuc se tao dieu kien, moi trucmg thuan lgi cho sir phat tnen nguon nhan lire chat lugng cao. Nhung chuyen gia, tri thuc gioi, cac nha lanh dao, quan ly cac cap, cac nha quan tri doanh nghiep, kinh doanh, lao dgng co tay nghe cao...
se dugc thii sue trong mdi truang mdi do hgi nhap quoc te mang Iai. Qua do, trinh dg tu duy, tri thuc, chuyen mdn, kha nang lao dpng sang tao, kinh nghiem Iam vi^c tap the, nang lire quan ly, toan bg he pham chat, nang Iuc ciia hg dugc nang Ien, nang cao chat lugng tung ngucri va ca nguon nhan Iuc chat Iugng cao.
Hgi nhap qudc te vira tao co hgi cho su phat trien d§t nuoc, diy manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, vira dat ra nhieu van de mdi trong viec phat triSn ngudn nhan lire, nhk la ngudn nhan li/c chat lugng cao, vdi nhieu nguy ca tiem an neu khong co chien Iugc hgi nhap va phat trien phii hgp. Thuc tg do tac dgng true tigp d6n nr tudng, tinh cam con ngucri, anh hudng nhSt dinh dan chat iugng dao tao nguon nhan lire chSt lugng cao, Han nua, qua trinh hgi nhap khdng chi CO "hoa tham va trai ngpt" ma cd ca
"rac ruai", "npc dpc" v^ van hoa, chinh tn tham^ nhap vao bing nhi€u con duang vcri nhifiu hinh thiic khac nhau, Iam cho tu tuang, dao diic con ngucri de bj nhiSm dgc. Phat trign nguon nhan lire chk Iirpng cao trong b6i canh do, khong the khong chiu anh huong. Tuy nhien, anh huang nhu the nao va khic phuc no ra sao la do su no lire chii quan cua timg tap thg, timg con ngirai, ciia cac ca sa giao due - dao
E^SO 05 -
tao, cua cac cap, cac nganh, cua Dang, Nha nuac va toan xa hgi.
Ndm la, tdc dpng aia gido due - ddo tgo, nghien ciru vd img dung khoa hoc cong nghe.
Trong cac yeu to tac dgng, thi giao due - dao tao, nghien ciiu va iing dung khoa hgc cong ngh? Ia yeu to tac dgng manh me, toan dien, ca ban va true tiep.
Bai vi, giao due - dao tao, nghien cuu va ling dung khoa hpc cong nghe tn^c tiip trang hi cho con nguoi, cho ca nguSn nhan luc nhung tri thiic can thigt, nhung kinh nghiem, kha nang lao dpng, chuyen mon, nghg nghiep nhdt dinh. Thong qua chuang trinh, npi dung va phuang phap, giao due - dao tao va nghien ciiu khoa hpc trang bi tri thiic, kinh nghiem, ky nang cho nguai hgc, nang cao chat Iuong nguon nhan lire. Mpi yeu t6 cau thanh pham chat, nang Iuc ngu6n nhan Iuc chat lugng cao ca ban dgu dugc hinh thanh tir giao due - dao tao, nghien cuu va ling dung khoa hgc cong ngh$. Niu giao due - dao tao dugc thyc hien t6t, npi dung, chuang trinh khoa hgc, hi?n dgi, tien tien, phuang phap quan ly, giang day va hgc tap phu hgp, khoa hgc, thi chat Iugng nguai hgc dugc nang cao. Hoat dgng nghign cuu iing dung khoa hpc cong nghe la hoat dpng mang tinh dac thu ciia ngudn nhan Iuc chat lugng cao.
Nhiing chuygn gia, tri thiic gioi, quan Iy, kinh doanh gioi, thong qua cac hoat dgng nay, ma kign thiic, kinh nghi?m cua hp dugc phat trien va phat huy, trinh dg ciia hp ngay cang dugc nang cao.
Sdu Id, tdc dong ciia yeu to sinh hoc
Sinh hgc la ygu to dac bi?t quan trpng, khong dii siic khoe thi khong thg nam trong nguon nhan Iuc, khong co t6 chat sinh hgc, bim sinh, nhu nang khigu, than d6ng, thi kho co thg co tai nang. Tai nang cin phai dugc xem xet nhu la mpt THANG 03/2016
T»PCHt KHOA Hpc flAI HQC QuScTgHOHe BMIG pham chat c i a con ngudi vda cd yeu td
bam sinh, v i a cd ylu to xa hdi thdng qua giio dye, ren luydn, bao gom c i ty giio liuc, ty ren luypi c i a con ngudi, Theo C M i c , ngudi cd tii ning cdn l i sin phim cia ty nhidn, tii ylu to smh hgc, "khtog chi la sin pham c i a xa hdi" [9, tt.72].
VXdnin khdng tan thinh quan dilm mgi ngudi diu ngang nhau v l smh hgc "nlu n h ^ thuc ring xa hgi xa hot chu nghia fliyc hi$n mgt sy btah ding v l siic luc v i tai nang con ngudi, flii dd la mOt dilu ngu xuin" [10, h.449]. Sinh hgc l i ylu t s khdng thi fliilu, tic ddng tryc tilp din hhih thinh, phat triln phim chit, nang lye c i a nhin lyc chit lugng eao, Trdn co sft ylu to sinh hgc, dudi tic ddng cua ylu ro x i hOi, dac bidt la thdng qua giio dye - (So ttio, rdn luygn va hoat ddng thyc tien, cic phim chit, nang luc cia eon ngudi dugc phat triln v i phit huy,
13. YSu ciu cfla giio dye - ttio t«o tnmg v i ^ p h i t triln nguin n b i n Ivc c h i t luvng cao » Vi^t Nam U$n nay
Thu nhdt, phdi ttudng vdo phgc vg true tiep cho nhu cdu phdt triin Unh ti- xa li^ ddt nudc.
TVong bit c i giai d o ^ lich s i nio, vile phyc vy ttyc tilp nhu eiu phit triln kinh t e - x a hdi, nhigm vy xiy dung v i bio v§ T l quic cung Ii yeu cau quan ttpng tiudc hit doi vfti giio dye - dio t ^ phit triln ngudn nhin lyc chit Iugng cao. D l i vfti nudc ta hidn nay, vin d l niy cing tid ndn quan trgng ein phai dat ra mdt cich git gao. Oiao dye - dao tao phit triln nguin nhan lyc chit lugng eag Ii hoat ddng cd tnye dich rd rang, phai bim sit vio nhu ciu phit tiiln kmh t l - xa hSi, cua cic liiih vyc ttong ting ttidi ky m i thyc hi?n eho phi hgp, dam bio ehit lugng v i hi^u qui nhat
Thoit Iy nhu ciu kinh t e - x a hdi, hojc khdng dya chic vio tinh htoh die dilm, vao n h i ^ vy cy thi cia kmh t l
- xa hoi ciia dit nuftc, cia cic lmh vyc, nginh, flii giio dye - dio tao phit triln ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao tid nen thilu Ihilt thyc, tham chi tdn nUlu cdng s i c , tiln cia, nhimg hieu qua lai fli^, lang p h i Yeu eiu quan trgng niy ein phii dugc ttil hien cy thi ttxmg xic djnh mue tidu, ndi dung, dnrong trinh giio dye - dio tao, trong doi mdi giao dye - dio tao ft nuftc ta hien nay, nhif l i ddi vdi cic truftng dai hgc,
Thi tuu, bio dam thdng nhdt giOa ly ludn va thgc tiin, hgc -vdi hinh.
Viec bio dam thing nhit giiia If luan va ttiyc tiln, hgc vdi hanh ddi hdi phii tip hung nang cao ehit lugng giio dye - dio tao, khic phyc ttoh ttang thoit Iy hole xa thyc t l cudc sdng, yeu eiu qui cao v l ly thuyit m i coi nhg nhihig tti fliue, ky ning ein fliiet cho cudc sing hing ngiy, cho hoat ddng fliuc tiln cia ngudi hge, khiln eho nang hfc hojt dgng fliyc tiln cia ngydi hgc bi han chi, thilu sing tao, khdng dip ung dugc sy biln dli nhanh chdng v i da dang, phuc tap cua dfti sing xa hdi, Ttoh ttang "fliia fliiy, fliilu ttig", nang vl ly fliuylt, nhg v l fliyc hinh, xa san xuit, khdng sit thuc tiln ddi sing cia nen giic dye - dio tao cin phii kita quyit khic phyc mdt each hi$u qui,
Tmh ttiilt fliyc, sit ttiyc tien ddi sing kinh te, chinh tij, xa hdi dit nuftc va thi gidi cin ttil hi^n id ttong toin bO chuong trinh, ndi dung giio dye - dio tao ttong eic bie hgc dip i n g tdt nhat ySu ciu phat triln ngudn nhin lyc chit lugng eag d ViSt Nam ttgng flidi ky mfti. Myc tita CO ban cia giio dye - dao tao Ii phit trita uang lye, nhin each ngudi hgc, liy chit Iugng Iam ttgng tam, nhim chuin hi va phit ttiln ngudn nhin Iuc, nhit l i nhin lyc chit lugng eao cho sy nghigp ddi mdi dit nudc, Dita dd quy dinh giio dye - dio tao phii bio dim ttilng nhit giiia ly luin vi ttiuc tiln, hgc vdi hinh, Dieu
Sfi 05 - THANG 03/201s|
H
TRUdNG B«I HQC QUfiC TE HONG BANG , ^ffff, i c'mxtta^3 Luit Giio due dai hgc 2013, khoin a cd ghi *'Dio tao nhin lyc, nang cao dan tti, b l i duong nMn tii; Nghita diu khoa hgc, cdng nghg t^o ra tri thic, sin phim mdi, phyc vy yeu ciu phit triln kinh t l - x i hgi, bio dam qudc phdng, an ninh v i hdi nhip quoc tl". Y t a ciu niy ddi hdi phii chuyin t i giio dye chi ylu l i t n ^ t a thy tri fliic sang htoh thanh nhin each v i nang lyc cho ngudi hgc la chinh, liy ydu ciu phit triln nhin cich v i nang lyc, ning lyc thi;rc tien cia ngudi hgc la myc dich chmh yta v i tiung tam ciia giio dye - dio t ^ .
Thi ba, llio ddm tliong nhdt giOa tinh tn^iin thing vi hifn dgi
Yta ciu niy khdng chi bit nguin t i yta ciu ty than c i a giio dye - dio t ^ , m i cdn tii ddi hdi phit triln phim chit, ning lyc toin dita cia nhin lyc ehit Iugng cao ttxmg dilu H t a mfti. Bio dim sy ttilng nhit gifla tinh tiuyln ttilng v i hita ^ Ii lim cho ngudi hgc via cd tri thic tita tiln, hita d^, c|p nh^t, phucmg phip tu duy khoa hgc hita ^ , viia vin giii bin sic, tiuyln flilng din tdc, phim chit, cit cich ngudi Vigt Nam, ning eao Idng ydu nudc, f fliic din tdc, tinh ttiin ttich nhitai dli vfti xa hgi Khdng chi vi hita <lai m i xem nhg ylu t l tiuyln thing, cing khdng flil nhin manh din truyin ttiong m i khdng c h i f ding muc din hita d»i. Dilu quan ttgng l i phii hidn bio dim ttiong nhit giiia tinh ttuyin ttiong va hita dai ttong chnong trinh, ngi dung v i toin bd hoat ddng giio dye - dio ttio, dl tao ra sin phim giao dye cd chit lugng toin dita. Theo dd, giao dye Vigt Nam phii l i
"Nta giio dye xa hgi chu nghia ed tinh nhin din, din tdc, khoa hge, hita dai, liy chi nghia Mic - Lento v i to toftng Ho Chi Minh Iim nin ting" [11, tt.32]. Phii quin tti^t quan dilm "Thyc hita ding bd cic giii phip phit ttiln v i ning cao chit Iugng giio dye, dio tao, Dli mfti chuong
trinh, ndi dirng, j f i t w a g j i * ^ d f y « i ( j | ^ phuong phip flii, ki&n tis Sim k ^ ^ M hita d^, nSng cao c ^ t Jhigrag g i ^ o . ) ^ ^ toin dita, ^ hidt coi trgng giao d y ^ ^ tilling, giio dye truyin thing Ijch sft l ^ ^ mang, dao diic, l l i sing, nang lyc s i ^ ^ tyo, ky nang thyc h^nh, t i c phong c d ^ ~ nghiap, f tttic ftidi.nlii^,xS hgi" [ l i , "
tt.216]. , ,, Cic y t a oiu ttdn phin,inh-,lteh toin dign magiio dye - dio t ^ p h i t t l i ^ . nguin nhin lye chit higng cao trong fli^
k^ mdi phii dap ling. Chiing quan h§ d ^ t ehe v i thdng nhit vdi,nhau cing cH^ik^
quy djnh chuang trinh, n§i dung, phucmg^
phip giio dye - dio t?o phit l i i f e n g i ) ^ ; nhin lyc chit lugng cao. licsig qui'trinh giio dye - dio tao, phii nh|n tWc y i quin lri$t siu sic, Iim cor sft xic djnh-n^
dung v i thyc flu giii phip p h i h ( ^ , ^ i n g yta ciu.
3 . K l t l u $ n
Nguin nhin lyc chit lugng' Hio gim nhung ngudi cd Irinh dg hfC v4l tii dai hge, lao ddng Iinh nghe trung hg«:' ttft Idn, cd tiinh dd n g h i ^ vy, ed chuyin mdn ky fliuit cao, c6 s i c khde tit ^ p i n g ydu ciu, cd phim chit ning lyc ttong boat ddng sin xuit, hojt ddng khoa hgc v i boat d$ng ehinh tti xa h g i . , Phit tti^
nguin nhin lye chit lugng cao Ii vkt dd cap bich, Ii nhin td quyit djnh tang tiudng kmh tl, ttiyc hita xda ddi giim nghdo, ttiic diy tiln b$ v i edng bang x»
h d i Dd Ii tdng flil hoat ddng cia D i n ^ Nhi nude, cia hg ttilng chinh tti, cia h>in xa hdi v i c i a bin ttiin nguin nhin lye.
Trong qui ttinh dd, giio dye - dio tao cd yai ttd die b i ^ quan trgng trong phit ttiln nguin nhin lyc chit Iugng cao d Vigt Nam. Giio dye - dio t»o nhim phit triln ngyin n U n lyc chit lugng oao d nuftc ta hifn n ^ chju sy tic d|ng c i a nhilu ylu to, cd c i ylu to khich quan v |
| S 6 05 - THANG 03/2016
i
T«PCHi KHOA HQC BM HQC QUSctfHOIIG BANG
chi quan. ci ylu tftxMiSi vaylu^sfah 1^ hin v* ftuc tiln, hgc di ddi vdi hinh- h ^ . Dodd, can phii,ipmv«ngva tfnh flidng nhit giiia tinh ttuyin ttilng vi ttnh tota chu dio ttong qyi trinh fliyc Mta hita dai li nhiing yta eiu eg bin ddi vfti giai p h ^ phi, ttim giio dye - dao tao giio dye - dio tao phat ttiln nguin nhin m t S . l f ' ^ ^ i " ^ ' ^ ' ' ' ^ ' ' ' ' 'W=<='>S'l'^gcaottx.ngflidikyhdinhip Bhuciukmhll-xftihdiThdngnhitgiua hita nay eua nuftc ta. '
TAI LIfiU THAM KHAO JU, JNxb Chtoh tri Qudc gia - Sy flijt. Hi Ndi [2]. SingCgngsinViStNam(20Il),sdd.
[3], BingCdngsanVi8tNam(20Il),sdd.
[4], Ctetmg tttoh khoa hge cdng nghg eip Nhi nude (1995), Nghiin cuu con ngudi
fZit^tmm "^ ^™-""''"^"^ •"" ^-•"" """^ *" ^'-
Nxb Chmh tri quoc gia, Ha Ndi [6]. Bing Cdng sin Vi$t Nam (2011), sdd [7]. Bing Cdng sin Vidt Nam (2011), sdd.
[8]. Hi Chi Minh (2000), Toin t|p, t?p 9, Nxb Chmh ttj Quic gia. Hi Ndi [9]. CMic vi PaAngghen (1995). Toan tSp. t«p 2, Nxb Chmh ttj Quic gia, Hi Ndi [10]. V.I.Ltam (2005), Toin tilp, t|p 24, Nxb Chhih ttj Quie gia. Hi Ndi [II]. Qulchdi(201I),LuStGiiodyc,NxbLaoddng,HiNdi [12], Bang Cdng sin Vigt Nam (2011), sdd
SO 05 - THANG 03/20161
