NGHIEN CUU IRAO flOl • NGHIEN CUU IRAO flOl
MOT SO VAN BE KINH TE, XA H O I BLfC XUC N A Y S I N H TRONG QUA TRINH
CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA NONG NGHIEP, NONG THON VIET NAM
V
iet Nam la nUdc dang phdl trien nen cdng nghiep hda. hien dai hda ndng nghiep. ndng thdn (CNH. HDH NN. NT) ludn ludn chiem vi iri quan trpng Irong qud Irinh phdl trie'n. Nhin lai chu IrUdng ciia Dang la trong nhO'ng nam qua ludn quan lam de'n van de CNH. HDH NN. NT. Ngay lU Dai hdi diii bieu loan qud'c lan thU 111 ciia Dang (thdng 9-1960).Dang Cdng san Viet Nam lan diiu lien de ra: "Xdy difng mdl nen kinh ic xd hdi chii nghia edn ddi vd hien dai. kcl hgp edng nghii'p vdi ndng nghiep vd lax cdng nghiep ngng Idm nen tdng.
Uu lion phdl nien cdng nghiep ngng iiidi each Intp ly. dong ihdi ra sifi phdl trien ndng nghiep vd edng nghiep nhe. nhdm bien nude ta tif mdl nifdc ndng nghiep Ige hgu ihdnh mdt nifdc cd cdng nghiep hieu dgi vd ndng nghiep hien dgi Quan dit?m nay tiep tue dUde neu len d cde Dai hdi sau va eho de'n nav. Dai hdi dai hieu loan qud'c Ifin ihU .\1 cua O.ing Cling nhii'n manh: "Phdt
ThS. VO TH! TUYET HOA
trie'n ndng nghiep todn dien theo hudng hien dgi, hieu qua, hen vCfng, phut huy lgi the eiia nen ndng nghiep nhiet ddi. Tren ea sd tieh tu ddt dai, ddy munh ea gidi hdu, up dung edng nghe hien dgl (nhd't Id cdng nghe sinh hgc):
hd iri lui ca cdu edy trdng. vilr nudi: phdt Irien kinh tehd. trang trai. Id hgp tdc, hgp tdc .xd ndng nghiep. viing chuyen mdn hdu, khu ndng nghiep edng nghe cuo, ede id hgp sun .xudt ldn"'-'
Chil trUdng ciia Dang vd ehinh sach ciia Nha nUdc ve CNH. HDH NN, NT Ihdi gian qua da gdp phan quan Irong thiie dav phal Irien da't nUdc. Kinh le' ndng nghiep lang trUdng cao va lien luc trong nhieu nam:
ehiivcn dich cdca'u ndng nghiep vd kinh le'ndng thdn theo hudng hien dai tao ra gia tri gia tang ngay cang cao: ddi sd'ng kinh le - xa hdi ndng thdn cd nhieu cai thien.
giai quyet viec lam, xda ddi aiam
ngheo: van hda - xa hpi ndng thdn ed sU chuyen bie'n theo hifdng tich cifc da gdp phan hiio dam phat trien dn dinh kinh te ddt nUdc. Tuy nhien. in)ng qua Irinh dd. nhieu vii'n de kinh tc.
xd hdi bUc xiic da nay sinh doi hdi phai dUdc nhan IhUc rd,
Thd nhdt, tinh trgng mdl ildt, thieu viec ldm d ndng thdn ngciy cdng nghiem trgng.
Trong nhieu ndm qua. thifc hien chu trUdng cua Dang ve day manh CNH, HDH NN, NT tren khdp cdc vung, mien ciia dat nude, nhieu khu cdng nghiep, khu dd Ihi. cac cdng trinh vdi cac quy md khdc nhau dUdc hinh thanh. TU dd. d ede viing nong ihdn da va dang cd nhifng dif dn chuyen ddi muc dich su' diing da't de phuc vu cho vice phdt trien nhffng khu edng nghiep hoiic khu dd thi mdi.
Cting vdi td'c dp phdt Iricn cim cdng nghiep da dan ldi lai mpl
'" Dang Cong san \ icl N.im. Van kiin Diing Toan lap. Nxb Chinh Iri qudc gia. Hii Ndi. 2002. t.21. tr54.v546 '•' D.ino Cong san V'lOl \,ini. Win kien Dai hdi dai bieu loiin qud'c liin ihU XI. Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia. Hii
N " i . : ( ) ! 1. ir. h ) ^ - h « ,
I^wgannriMHilCiCWCVCHE
NGHIEN CUU IRAO fiOl • NGHIEN CUU IRAO flOl
s d d i a phUdng. da't ndng nghiep hi xda sd hoan todn.
Va mdt dieu dang quan ldm la dien tich dat ndng nghiep bi thu hdi khdng phdi liic nao eung dUde sif d u n g h i e u q u a . Cd nhieu dien tich dat khi ihu hoi rdi lai bd hoang trong khi ngUdi ndng dan khdng cd dat de san xuat. Tinh trang nay dang tdn tai khdng rieng d mdl. hai linh nao ma hinh nhu la khiip nifi irong ca nUdc. dac biet d nhUng tinh ed nhieu doanh n g h i e p dau lU nhUng k h d n g xem xet vd can nhiic d i i n g n e n c a c d o a n h n g h i e p du da difde c a p g i a y phep Iff rdl ldu nhifng van chUa Ihifc hicMi cdng trinh. Theo thdng ke cua Bd Ke hoach va diiu IU, linh den thang 6-2010. ea nUdc cd 158 khu e d n g n g h i e p , khu che xuat dUdc phan bd Iren 49 dia phifdng. Tuy nhicn. ehi ed 90 khu cdng nghiep di v do hoat ddng. 68 khu cdng nghiep dang trong giai doan dcMi bii va giai phdng mat bang.
Mdl Ihifc trang dd va dang dien ra la khi ngiftti dan ni.il ddt s a n xuat se trd t h a n h nhffng ngifdi that nghiep. thieu v iec lam vd tam ly eua ho ciing ed sU bat binh. hoang mang. .Mdt sd ngift<i h.i'i binh vi hi lav mii I dii I. la phifdng lien smh sdng va eung la ndi "chdn nhau cat rdn lir mav
ddi nay. .Mdt sd ngUdi h o a n g mang vi la ndng dan bdm dat.
nay dUdc den bti mdt khoan tien ma xUa nay hp ed md Udc cung k h d n g cd n e n k h d n g p h a i ai cung biet cdch su" dung. Vi the cd nhieu trudng hdp ngUdi ndng dan phai dieu dUng \ i tien den btl ngdy cang can dan ma vice lam mdi thi chUa cd.
Miii khde. nhffng ndng dan khi mat dat. khdng cd v iec lam bude hp phdi lif lim v iec lam mdt cdch Iff phdl. khdng dn dinh hoac da so hp di cU len thanh phd de kiem sdng vd da so nhifng ngUt'ii ndng dan de-u chUa ed Irinh dp nen se khdng de ddng kiem dUde vide ldm. TUdd. that nghiep ndng thdn sc chuyen sang thdt nghic-p thdnh Ihi.
Vi t h e . neu nhU khdng giai quv el Idt nhffng vdn de nay se lam nav sinh nhieu van dc' kinh te. xd hpi bUe xiic khac va ea ndv sinh nhffng van de ehinh tri neu nhu cd nhffng ldc ddng xau ttf ben ngoiii.
Thiihai. pluui IK'KI gicni - ngheo, hut hinh dung xd hdi gia tdng.
Bat binh dang va qua trinh phan hda gidu - nghc'o Irong xa hdi giffa ede v ting trong qud Irinh IhUc h i e n C N H . HDH da va d a n g d i e n ra vdi t d c dp khd n h a n h . " D d n so d n d n a ihdn
chiem giin 70'7r dan sd'ca nUde nhUng thu nhap chi bang mdt niJa tdng ihu nhiip qudc dan ciia 2 0 ' r dan so song d thanh ihi"'" Thu nhap tha'p lam eho mdl bd phiin ndng dan khdng dii lien ehi tra nhffng dich vu y t e . gido d u e . k h d n g cd dieu kien n a n g e a o trinh dp nhiin thtfc ve chinh tri.
xd hdi. V c ddi sdng van hda. tinh than. Trong ndng Ihdn. khoang cdch gidu - n g h e o n g a y c a n g tic'p luc gian ra. "nam 2002 Id 6 km. nam 2()(W la 6.4 lan va nam 2006 la 6.5 l a n " ' " '
Su chenh lech ve thu nhdp.
sU phan hda gidu ngheo giffa ede liing Idp dan cU. giifa cae viing ehffa dffdc thu hep. Ket qua long dieu Ira hd ngheo dUde Bd Lao ddng thUitng binh - xd hdi edng bdsdng ngay 3()/.'i/20l I eho ihiiv cd 14 tinh ed ly le hd ngheo lir 5 ' ; de'n dudi 1 ()'/<; 18 linh ty le hd ngheo iff lO'/f den dUdi 2 0 ' r : 16 tinh ty Ic hi) n g h e o tff 2 0 ' i de'n dudi MK'c 6 tinh ty le hd ngheo tU 3 0 ' ; de'n dUdi 4 0 ' ; ; 3 tinh ty ic hd nghc-o lU Iren 40'r de'n dudi 50'/c. la: Lai Chdu. Lao Cai va Ha Giang. Ddng ehii y. ca nude hien edn 1 linh cd ty le hd ngheo tren 5()'7r la Dien Bien.
Mat khde. khi qud Irinh hdi nhiip qudc le ngay cang sau rpng hdn Ihi cang lam gia lang bat binh danii xa hdi vi vd'n. con neUdi.
IS Pham Ngoe Diing. CNH. Ht)H NN. NT tir l> luan den thi/e lien Viet Nam hien nav. \ \ b Chinh tri qudegia. Ha Noi. 21) 11. tr.118
\ icn Chinh s.ieh vd ChiC-n kroe phal tne-n ndng nghiep. ndng thdn: Ndng nghiep. ndng dim. ndng ihdn
\'icl X.ini. Nxb Chinh lii qiid'e gia. Ha \ d i . 2()()S. ir. 1 "s
Thong tin KHOA HOC i u A u V G H I
NGHIEN CUU IRAO DOI • NGHIEN CUU IRAO 0 0 !
tai nguven la khdc nhau giffa cac vting nen cd sff chenh lech trong dau tu FDI giffa cae vting.
Su p h d n h d a g i a u - n g h e o trong dieu kien phdt Irien kinh le Ihi IrUdng Id dieu khdng the tranh khdi. SU phdn hda nay cd y nghia tich eifc nhdt dinh ddi vdl sU phdl Irien vi nd kich thich cde ed nhan phdt huv dUde linh ehii ddng, sdng lao. Tuv nhien.
siJphdn hda neu qud ldn se liem a'n nhieu nguy ed nhUdan den phan hda xa hdi sau sac. gia tang cdc mau thudn xa hdi. lam xdi mdn vd suv giam cae quan he gan ket edng ddng; ddng Ihtti.
ed Ihe liC'm an nhffng nguy ed ldm nay sinh van ^\c chinh tri - xd hdi khde.
Thit ha, mdl trudng ndng thdn hi d nhiem vd suy ihodi nghiem trgng.
Vimg ndng Ihdn hien nav la ndi ed kel edu ha Idng cdn nil lac hdu. phan ldn chat thai cQa eon ngUdi V a gia siic khdng dffdc xuf ly nen thdm xudng ddl hoac bi rira trdi lam eho linh Irang d nhiem mdi trUttng ddt. nUde ngav cang cao.
Mat khdc. linh tning d nhiem nidi trutdig cung dang dien bien het stfe phtfe tap d cdc lang nghe.
ede khu edng nghiep (KCN i Theo thdng lin Iff Bd Ke hoaeh v a Ddu lUndm 2010. trong so 172 KCN da di V do hoal ddng hien nav. ed
102 KCN da dau IU va dUa vao
hoat ddng cdc nha may xff ly nUde thai l a p trung ( c h i e m khoang 607f)-. M KCN dang xiiy difng cdng Irinh xff ly nUde thai (chiem 19"(): 36 KCN dang boat ddng hien chUa cd cdng trinh xff Iv nude thai (chiem 2 1 ' ^ ) . Tuy n h i e n . ben c a n h cdc KCN da hodc dang dau IU he thd'ng xff ly nude thai, cd nhieu KCN ehUa van hanh nghiem tue hodc diing ky Ihudl cae tram xff ly nUdc thai.
D d n g Ihdi. Irong san xual ndng nghiep. do lam dung cdc loai thudc bao ve thffc vii I. ede ngudn nffdc d sdng, hd, kenh, mffdng hi d nhiem. anh hffdng ldn den mdi IrUitng va sffe khde nhan dan. Ciing vdi van de thud'c bao vc thffc vdl. chat thdi chdn nudi eung Id ngudn gay d nhiem ldn. Mat khdc. thud'c thu y sff dung khdng theo hUdng dan eiia c h u v e n mdn. bi lam dung lao nen dU lUdng Irong san p h a m chdn nudi gay hien lUdng khang thudc cua nhieu loai mdm benh nguy hiem dd'i vdi con ngUdi.
Thit tit, dill sd'ng vdn hda. .\u hdi ed nhifng hieu hien .xudng cap.
Qud Irinh CNH. HDH NN. NT khdng ben vffng dang dan tdc ddng lieu cUc den ddi sdng van h d a . linh than eiia c d n g ddng dan cU('{ ndng thdn. Nhieu quan he cdng ddng lang, xa tdt d e p dd bi phd vd vi the khi ed van de va linh hudng xay ra thi khd giai quyet. Nhieu gia Iri van hda.
d a o dUc. truvcn thdng tdt dep d ndng thdn da va dang bi xam hai. bien dang. Mat khde. mot bd phan ndng dan bi tha hda ve dao dffc. hdt dau cd ddu hieu eda ldi sdng thffc dung, coi trpng vin chat hdn tinh nghia. chav theo ldi ich ed nhan md quen di kii ich cua cpng ddng. Thdm ehi dii xay ra nhieu mau thuan xa hpi.
tranh c h a p , xung dpi nghiem trpng giffa anh cm. ba con luol thit dd dan den mat doan ket.
gdv mau thuan gay gat. lam lung lav nen tang dao dffc v li ddo Ipn gid tri truyen thdng.
T r o n g nhffng nam qua qua trinh dd Ihi hda dien ra nhanh chdng cung vdi viec xuat hien nhieu thi Iran, Ihi iff,... da lam eho ddi sdng vat chat eiia ngffdi dan dUdc cai thien. Tuy nhien. eiing vdi qud trinh dd, mdt bd phan trong ndng dan. nhat la mpt so thanh nien Iffdi bie'ng, hoc doi dd trd nen hff hdng. xuiil hien nhicu ldi pham vd le nan xa hdi.
Theo bao cdo eua cdc nganh chffc ndng d linh Dong Thdp. tff nam 2005 de'n 2009, tinh Dong Thap xay ra 7.805 vu. vdi 6.658 ddi tffdng ihanh thieu nien vi pham phdp luiit. Ve ed eiiu lpi pham, hanh vi vi pham phdp luat hinh sif eua thanh thieu nien liip trung n h i e u nhd't vdo cdc nhdm ldi nhff: xdm p h a m sd hffu; \ani pham tinh mang. sffe khoe. nhan phdm va danh dff con ngffdi '•' (Xem u6p trang 201
"• hiip;//uvvvv.donglhap.gov.vn. [in. bai: Tran Van Canh. Mot so gidi phap kiem che va ngiin chan tinh hinh Ihanh ihicu nien vi pham phap luat 0 Dong Thdp
t'iSk
KINH NGHIEM, • KY IHUAI NGHIEM - KY IHUAI
MOT SO. Vai tro.,
J ep theo trang Si I Tiep theo trang 5)
Mdt sd tdi pham nguy hiem trffdc day ehffa tffng xav ra d ndng thdn thi nay da xuat hien.
Ngodi ra. nhffng riii ro trong ldm dn kinh te. nhffng bdl hanh trong eude sdng eua nhffng ngffdi ndng ddn eung la nhffng ly do khie'n ede boat dpng me tin di doan ed chieu hffdng gia tang. Nhffng hien Iffdng nay ddi khi hda Idn vdo irong cdc hoat ddng Idn gido. lin ngffdng lam giam tinh thieng lieng.
irong sdng eua cac sinh ho.it van hda. tin ngffdng cdng ddng vd cdn ed tde ddng tieu effe den did sdng van hda linh than d ndng Ihdn.
Ddnh gid diing thffc trang nhffng vdn de kinh tc.
xd hdi hire xiic Irong qud trinh CNH. HDH NN. N 1 hien nay se ed y nghia quan trong gdp phim thffc hien thdnh edng ( N i l , HDH NN. NT nhdm lao lien de vffng chile eho CNH. HDH dii't nffdc. Ddng thdi.
dc giai quyet nhffng van de kinh te. xd hdi bffc xiic nav edn phai lien hdnh ddng bd nhieu giai phdp vi'fi nhieu khdu md chu yeu la phai xuat phdt Iff chinh ldi ich eiia ndng dan. l.io ed hdi de ndng dan dffdc thffc sU hudng ldi iff qud trinh CNH. HDH./.
ndi quy. quy dinh hanh chdnh lien quan den dai bd phan quan ehiing nhdn dan. dac biet quan lam den la eac vung sdu. vting xa cua Td qudc.
Tdm lai. vdi sff phdl Irien cua cdng nghe thdng tin hien nay ddc biet la si/phdt trie'n ciia Internet todn eau. dd lao nhieu dieu thuan ldi eho hoal ddng vdn phdng irong cdng tde Iffu trff. truy xudt v d truy en lai thdng tin hanh chdnh den hiiu het eho mpi ngffdi. Trong tffdng lai sc phdl trien ehinh phu dien iff ehac ehiln khdch hang se dffdc dap ffng ngiiy edng tdt hdn ede nhu cau xd hdi nhat la cde edng v iec lien quan de'n hanh ehinh. Ngu'id ddn se cdm thdy thoai mdi vd tin tffdng hdn ve he thd'ng phdp luiit va quv Irinh thffc thi eae van ban hanh ehinh.
liet kiem dffdc thdi gian v a chi phi di lai. Ludn coi trpng cde kien thffc tin hoe van phdng vd can phai ed sff ehudn hod trong cdng tde dao tao V a bdi dffdng edn bd dc cdn bd. edng chffc van phdng ed dffdc tac phong lam viec hieu qud. chudn mffe va hien dai./.
11^ Bon thue lan I d 60 ngav sau khi trdng:
1/2N 1/2P.(), : 1/2K,0
Bon thue lan 2 d 90 ngav sau khi trdng:
l / 4 \ : 0 P , O , : l/4K,0
10. Cdng thu'c phan NPK cd ke't hdp hii^i cd V i sinh humic Ien nang suiit sen liiy hot
Bdn phdn theo edng thffc 12l)N - 6()P,0, 90K.O CO bd sung 200 kg phdn humic cho 1 ha eho hieu qua e.io ve ndng sudt vd ldi nhudn vc kinh tc eao. C.ich bdn nhff s.iu:
Bdn lot: 50(1 kg vdi vd 1 4N 1/2 P,0, 1/4 K.O bd sung Ihcm l(K)% Humic
Bdn thuc lan I i3(iNSKT): 1 4N - 0 P,0, I 4 K.O
- Bdn thuc liin 2 (dONSKT): 1/4N - 1/2 P,0, 1/4 K ()
Bdn thuc liin 3 (9()NSKT): I/4N - 0 P.O, 1/4 K.O
Nhff vay. neu khdng sff dung phan humic Ihi nen dp dung edng thffc phan 15()N - 80P,O,
I20K,0 vi'ii ba liin bdn ed ban la: bdn ldi. bdn thue d giai doan 60 v a 90 ngdy sau khi trdng ddi vdi sen trdng mdi vd sen tdi sinh.
Neu ed sff dung phan humic ihi dp dung edng thffc phan 12()N - 6()P O^ 9()K,0 va bdn Idt 2(H)kg phdn humie/ha. Nhff vay se gidm dUde 3UN lOP.O, 3()K O md van dam biio dUde hieu qua kinh te trong san xud't.
