Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
NGHIEN CU'U, LUA CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC HOfP LY CHO VIA DAY DOC
tai XI nghiep tlian Ha Rang
At present, for mining thick and sloping coal seams in Quang Ninh coal basin, the underground coal mines have , so far mainly applied subievel roadway or layer mining '•
systems. However, these mining systems have not solved the fundamental problems such as low coal mining output, ; high cosi loss, tow safety level in the coal production.... In j this paper, the authors refer to the selection of reasonable j mining lechnologv for thick and sloping coai seams at Ha , '^ijRafjg coa! Enterprise of Ha Long Coai Company.
Vien
TS. TRaONG OLfC D J KS. LE VAN HAU
Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Mo - TKV
Hien nay, de khai thae cac via than day ddc d vung Quang Ninh, cac cdng ty khai thac than ham id chD ye'u ap dung he thd'ng khai thac id doc via phan tang hoac chia Idp ngang nghieng. Ngoai ra, mdt sd it md cdn ap dung he thd'ng khai thac Id dgc via phan tang ke't hgp vdi Id khoan dudng kinh Idn, nd min trong eae Id khoan ngan va he thdng khai thac budng, song sd lugng rat it. Cac he thd'ng khai thac nay da giai quye't dugc mdt phan Idn nhung khd khan trong khai thac via day dd'e. Tuy nhien, san lugng khai thae cdn tha'p, tdn that than cao, mCfe do an toan trong san xuat chua cao va chi phf met Id chuan bj Idn. Do dd, de dap Cfng 6ugc yeu eau tang san lugng, nang cao mCfc do an toan va eai thien mdi trudng lam viec...can thie't phai khac phuc nhung nhugc diem cCia cac sg do cdng nghe khai thac truyen thd'ng tai cac cdng ty khai thae ham Id vung than Quang Ninh theo hydng cd gidi hda ddng bd khai thac.
Trong nhung nam vCfa qua, Xi nghiep than Ha Rang tap trung ehu ye'u khai thac phan
tru" lugng cac via day ddc thugc via 13 va 14 khu NCii Khanh vdi san lugng khai thac than nguyen khai hang nam dat khoang 300.000 tan, cdng nghe khai thac bang thu cdng ban eg gidi hda. De khai thae phan trOr lugng cae via than day dd'e, Xf nghiep than Ha Rang dang ap dung chii ye'u he thd'ng khai thac Id dgc via phan tang hoac chia Idp ngang nghieng, chd'ng giLf bang gia thCiy Iyc di ddng loai XDY, kha'u gugng bang phygng phap khoan nd min thu cdng. Kinh nghiem thyc te cho tha'y, viec ap dung he thd'ng khai thac nay trong dieu kien khoang sang d Xf nghiep than Ha Rang cdn nhufng mat han che. Cac khau cdng nghe chfnh trong khai thac nhu pha gugng, tai than len mang cao, di chuyen vi chd'ng van phai thyc hien bang phydng phap thCi cdng va viec phdi hgp giu'a cac khau cdng nghe chua dugc thyc hien mdt each nhip nhang, lien tuc, d i n de'n tdc do tien gygng cua Id chg cham, lam tang thdi gian tdn
tai cua cac Id chuan bj, khi dd chi phf cung ed va chd'ng xen met Id tang. Hon nCfa, vdi chieu cao phan tang khai thac, Xf nghiep dang ap dung tCf 8 -^
10 m thi chi phf met Id chuan bi Idn, lam tang gia thanh khai thac 1 tan than nguyen khai.
Theo chien lugc phat trien cua Xi nghiep giai doan tCf nam 2010 ^ 2015 da dUdc Tap doan CN Than - Khoang san Viet Nam phe duyet thi san lugng khai thac than ham Id se tang tCf 300.000 tan nam 2010 len tdi 600.000 tan nam 2015, vdi tdc do tang trung binh hang nam la 20%. Nhu vay, viec ap dijng cac sd dd edng nghe khai thac hien tai khdng the dap Cfng dugc td'e do tang trudng eCia Xi nghiep trong cac nam tdi, ddi hdi Xi nghiep than Ha Rang can phai ddi mdi edng nghe, md rdng dien san xua't... nhUng quan trgng hgn la phai ddi mdi edng nghe theo hudng eg gidi hda ddng bd khai thac. Vdi chii trygng tren, ddng thdi de cd hydng phat trien lau dai cho Xi nghiep than Ha Rang, Cdng ty
KHCNM s o 8/2010* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
than Ha Long - TKV da de nghi Vien KHCN Md - TKV nghien cCfu, khao sat, danh gia dieu kien dia chat khu md than Ha Rang de lUa chgn cdng nghe khai thac hgp ly cho Xf nghiep, nham gdp phan tang san lugng khai thac, nang cao mCfc do an toan va eai thien dieu kien lam viec ciia ngudi lao ddng. Qua phan tieh, danh gia tdng the dieu kien dja chat khu md than Ha Rang cho tha'y, cac via cd kha nang ap dung eg gidi hda ddng bd khai thac thugc via 13 va 14, day cung la hai via trong cac nam tdi Xf nghiep se tap trung vao khai thae la ehCi ye'u, do vay Vien KHCN Md -
TKV se nghien cCfu lUa chgn cdng nghe khai thac hgp ly cho dieu kien dia chat hai via tren . Dieu kien dia chat via 13 va 14 nhUsau:
- Via 13: Cd chieu day trung binh 3,61m thugc loai via day, chieu day rieng than trung binh 3,17m, gdc ddc via thay ddi tCf 40° ^ 60°, trung binh 42°. Via cd ca'u tao dgn gian, tCf 0 -^ 5 Idp kep, vdi chieu day trung binh 0,23 m, da kep tdn tai d dang cac Idp mdng, eac thau kfnh, thanh phan kep la set ket, set, set than va bdt ke't. Vach tru via la set ke't, bdt ke't.
- Via 14: Cd chieu day trung binh 6,2m thude loai via day, chieu day rieng than trung binh 5,29m, gdc ddc cCia via thay ddi tCf 45° -^ 65°, trung binh 50°. Via ed cau tao phCfe
tap, tCf 0 + 6 Idp da kep, vdi chieu day trung binh 0,78m da kep tdn tai d dang cac Idp mdng, cae thau kfnh, thanh phan kep la set ket, set, set than va bdt ke't. Vach tru via thudng la bdt ke't, ddi chd la cat ke't, thude loai on djnh de'n dn dinh trung binh.
Tren eg sd danh gia dieu kien dia chat cCia khu md than Ha Rang va kha nang ap dung eCia cac sd dd cdng nghe, Cdng ty than Ha Long - TKV cung Vien Khoa hgc Cdng nghe Md - TKV thd'ng nha't, lya chgn sg do cdng nghe khai thac Id dgc via phan tang, chd'ng giC/ gygng khai thac bang dan chd'ng ty hanh loai KDT-2, pha nd tran than ndc bang Id khoan dai ke't hgp vdi kfp vi sai phi dien de thay the cho cac sg do cdng nghe khai thac hien tai cCia Xf nghiep. Cu the sd dd cdng
nghe khai thac de xua't nhusau:
Cong tac chuan bj: Trong khu vyc tang khai thac dUde chia thanh cac cdt, chieu dai mdi cdt theo phUdng tCf 80 -^ 150 m. De tie'n hanh khai thae, tCf thugng cdt dao cac Id dgc via phan tang khai thac vdi chieu cao moi phan tang tCf 10 -^ 30m, tuy thugc vao dieu kien da vach, tru
via va dac diem ca'u tao the nam cua via than.
Cong tac khai thac: Cdng tac khai thae dugc thyc hien theo trinh ty lan lugt cac cdt tCf bien gidi cua khu vyc ve trung tam theo hydng khau dat.
Trong mdi cdt tien hanh khai thac ddng thdi hai phan tang ndi tie'p nhau, phan tang tren khai thac tie'n trudc phan tang dudi mdt khoang each Idn hon tCf 15 ^ 20 m. Cdng tac khai thac thyc hien bang khoan nd min ha tran bdi eac id khoan dai; di chuyen dan chdng va thu hdi than ndc. Cae Id khoan dai cd dudng kfnh 038 H- 42mm dugc khoan tCf Id dgc via phan tang trydc td hgp dan chd'ng ty hanh ve phfa pha hda. Viec nap nd dugc thyc hien bang thii cdng hoac eg gidi. To hgp dan chdng ty hanh loai KDT-2 gdm hai ddn
Hmh 1. Sadd eong nghe khai thae 16 dgc via phan tang, ndmin trong cac id khoan dai, chong
giOtguctig khai thae bang dim chdng tuhanh
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Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
Hinh 2. Dan chdng tif hanh loai KDT-2
Bang I.Dac tinh ky thuat eua dan chang tifhanh loa KDT-2 Sd
TT / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ten chi tieu Kich thudc Chieu cao Chieu rong
Khoang each giifa hai dan chdng
Life chdng ban dau Life chdng lam viec Cudng do chdng dd
p life len nen p sua't tram bdm Trpng luong
Don vj
mm mm mm KN KN MPa MPa MPa kg
Trj so'
1600^2400 1430 2180 1940 2600 0,50 ^ 0,54 0,12-^0,52
31,4 9330
Sd do cdng nghe khai thae Id dgc via phan tang, nd min trong cac Id khoan dai, chdng giuf gUdng khai thac bang dan chd'ng tu hanh the hien tren hinh 1.
Dan chd'ng ty hanh loai KDT-2 cd ke't ca'u vCfng chae, dn dinh hdn so vdi gia thuy Iyc di ddng nhd ke't ca'u ehinh the ban xa lien khd'i, kha nang chiu tai Idn, do khang lun nen td't do de dan cd dien tfch Idn. Do dd, dan chd'ng ty hanh khdng nhung khac phuc 6ugc nhifng nhugc diem cCia gia thiiy Iyc XDY ma cdn ed kha nang tang chieu cao phan tang khai thae nhd tai trgng lam viec cua dan chd'ng Idn, ke't hgp vdi nd min trong Id khoan dai. Hdn nu'a, vdi dien tich chd'ng 6d ndc eCia dan chd'ng ty hanh Idn nen trong Id chg khdng can dung ludi thep trai ndc, do vay se gdp phan giam chi phf gia thanh khai thac than. Ddng thdi vdi he thdng dieu khien bang thCiy Iyc tap trung, nen cdng tac di chuyen dan chd'ng ty hanh trong qua trinh khai thac dygc thyc hien kha dgn gian, giam dang ke cudng do lao ddng eiia cdng nhan van hanh; tang td'e dp tie'n gygng cua Id chg; giam chi phf met Id cung ed va chd'ng xen met Id ehuan bi.
Hinh 3. Sa do dudng 16 khu vuc ap dung dau tien
nguyen, d giu'a cd mang cao pha nd (tien do kha'u) theo chuyen tai, cho phep thu hdi phuong thay ddi tCf 0,7 den 2,8 than tCf tren ndc va tCf phfa pha m, tuy theo do cCfng va kha hda. Chieu rdng cac dai kha'u nang thu hdi than.
Cong tac van tai: Than thu hdi dugc mang cao chuyen tai van chuyen va do vao mang cao Id dgc via phan tang, rdt xud'ng thygng cdt, xud'ng he thd'ng van tai chfnh va ra ngoai. Viec di ehuyen he
KHCNM SO 8/2010* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
thd'ng td hdp dan chd'ng va cac thie't bj van tai 6\jgc thyc hien hoan toan bang eg gidi.
Cong tac thong gid:
Gugng khai thac dugc thdng gid theo sg 66 thdng gid cue bd nhu trong dao Id chuan bi.
Khu vyc dugc lya chgn ap dung thCf nghiem dau tien thude via 14 mCfc +50 ^ +110 khu II Nui Khanh vdi cac thdng sd dja chat - ky thuat md nhu sau: Chieu dai theo phuong khu khai thae khoang 400m; via ed chieu day trung binh 6,2m; gdc ddc via trung binh 52°, thudc loai dn dinh trung binh ve chieu day va gdc ddc. Da vach true tiep la eac Idp set than phan bd khdng deu cd chieu day tCf 0,2 -^ 1,2m, trgng lugng the tich trung binh y = 2,66 T/m^
cudng do khang nen trung binh 5n = 464,8 KG/cm^ thude loai vach khdng dn djnh. Da vach eg ban la Idp bdt ke't, cat ket xen kep, chieu day tCf 10 -^
25m, trgng lygng the tfch trung binh y = 2,64T/m^
cudng do khang nen trung binh 5„ = 104,5 KG/cml Tru tryc tie'p la cac Idp set than, set ke't, cd chieu day tCf 0,25 + 0,6m thude loai dn djnh trung binh. Vj trf khu vyc Id ehg ap dung thCf nghiem the hien tren hinh 3.
Tren cd sd dieu kien khu vyc ap dung dau tien, Vien KHCN Md - TKV tfnh toan sd bd cac chi tieu kinh te ky thuat
Bang 2. Bang ehi tieu kinh teky thuat TT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ten c h l t i e u Chieu day via trung binh Gdc ddc via trung binh
Chieu cao nghieng phan tang khai thac
Chieu cao nghieng Idp than ha tran
Trong luqng the tich cua than San lUdng than khai thac Ichu ky (hai phan tang khai thac ddng thdi)
San luong than khai thac 1 ngay dem
Cong suat khai thac
Sd cong nhan 16 cho mot ngay dem (phuc vu hai phan tang) NSng suat lao dong cong nhan 16 cho
Chi phi thudc nd cho 1000 tan than
Chi phf kip nd cho 1000 tan than
Chi phi met 16 chuan bj cho 1000 tan than
Chi phi met khoan cho 1000 tan than
Chi phf dau nhu hoa cho 1000 tan than
Ton that cong nghe
Tdng mCfc dau tif (gia trj sau thue)
Don vj m do m m llm'
T T T/n§m
ngu'di T/cong
kg kip m m kg
% lO^d
Trj so' 6,2
52 15 11,3 1,64 224 604 150.000
69 8,7 71,4
142 12 714
29 28 27.344.111 cho id chg ap dung thCf
nghiem tai bang 2.
De sdm ap dung cdng nghe mdi vao thyc te san xua't, hien nay, Vien KHCN Md - TKV da phdi hgp vdi dd'i tac Trung Qud'c thiet ke, che tao td hgp thiet bj phu hgp vdi yeu cau cCia sg dd edng nghe khai thac, ddng thdi, phdi hdp vdi ddi tae Ba Lan nghien cCfu ve cdng nghe nap thude nd trong Id khoan dai va nhap thiet bj
khoan Id khoan dai de nang cao chieu cao phan tang khai thac. Ve phfa trong nUdc, Vien KHCN Md - TKV cung vdi Cdng ty Hda chat Z21 cua Bd Qudc phdng nghien cCfu che tao thud'c nd deo cung vdi kfp vi sai phi dien de phu hgp vdi Id khoan dai va dy kie'n trong quy IV nam 2010 cd the dua vao ap dung trong thyc te san xua't tai Xf nghiep than Ha Rang./.
KHCNM SO 8/2010* CNKT HAM L 6
