NGHIEN CLTU TRAO DOI
THUAN LOI, KHO KHAN TRONG CONG TAC XUAT KHAU LAO DONG VA GIAI PHAP KHAC PHUC
Ths. Nguyen Thj Hoang Lan
Nam 2011, Viet Nam phan dau dda 87.000 lao dpng di ldm viec b nddc ngoai. Lieu con so nay co trd thanh hiin thde? Bai viet nay phan tich nhffng thuan lai, kho khan ciia XKLD trong thcfi gian gan day vd dira mpt s6 gidi phdp nhdm dda XKLD Viet Nam phdt trien hoan thien hcfn trong thdi gian tdi.
Ve thuanloi
Thd nhdt, nhu cdu thj trUdng tdng NIm 2009, XKLD khdng dat chi tieu do anh hudng eua hau khung hoing kinh te, cac thj trUdng tiep nhan lao ddng d mdc cam chdng thi vao nhdng t h i n g cudi nam 2010 va dau nam 2011, thj trUdng XKLD da phuc hdi va gdp phan hoan thanh vugt mdc chi tieu XKLD do Qudc hdi de ra.
Theo thong ke cua Cue q u i n ly lao ddng ngoai nUdc, sd lao ddng di lam viec d nUde ngoai trong nam 2010 la 86.546 ngUdi, dat 100,6%
ke hoach, tang 16,4% so vdi nam 2009. Trong do Dai Loan hon 28 ngan ngUdi, Han Qudc gan 9 ngan ngUdi, Nhat Bin 5 ngan ngUdi, Ma- laysia tren 11 ngan ngUdi, UAE va Libya tren 5 ngan ngUdi... 6 t h i n g dau nam 2011, c l nUde cung da dua dugc 45.862 lao ddng sang lam viec d nUde ngoai (dat hon 50% ke hoach nam), trong do cd 15.514 lao ddng nd. Hien tren nda trieu lao dgng Viet Nam dang lam viec tai 40 qudc gia va lanh tho, mdi nam gdi ve gan 2 ty USD.
Lao dgng Viet Nam xudt canh di lam viic d nude ngodi Dat dugc ket q u i tren la nhd
cd sU quan t i m d i e biet cua Chfnh phu, sU phdi hgp hieu q u i gida cic Bd, nganh hdu quan trong quan he xuc tien thj trUdng vdi cic nUdc.
He thdng luat p h i p ve XKLD ngay cang dugc hoan thien, tao thuan Igi cho cdng t i e quan ly nha nUde ddi vdi XKLD ngay cang chuyen nghiep, cd kinh nghiem va tao dung quan he tdt vdi thj trUdng lao ddng cae nude. Ben canh do, y thde lao ddng, trinh do tay nghe cua ngUdi lao ddng Viet Nam ngay cang dugc nang eao tao duge tfn nhiem ddi vdi thj trUdng lao ddng.
Theo du b i o cua Cue q u i n ly lao ddng ngoai nUde, cac thj trUdng truyen thdng Dai Loan, Malaysia, Han Qudc van se thu hut nhieu lao ddng Viet Nam. Cu the trong nam 2011, doanh nghiep Han Quoc can tuyen tren 100 ngan lao ddng pho thdng, tap trung vao cic ITnh vUc che tao, sin xuat, dien td, may mac.
Cic thj trudng mdi nhU Ddng Au, va Chau Phi dugc ky vpng la p h i t
trien Theo do, giai doan t d nam 2011 den 2015, se cd khoing 80 den 100 nghln lao ddng Viet Nam cd CO hdi di lam viec d nUdc ngoai moi nam, trong do cd khoing 40 ngan lao ddng I I ngUdi ngheo.
Malaysia van la thj trUdng co k h i nang tiep nhan nhieu lao ddng Viet Nam. 6 t h i n g dau nam, da co 5.074 lao ddng dugc dUa sang lam viec tai nUde nay.
Thj trudng Oai Loan hien kiem tra sde khde va tieng Han chd sang lam viec tai Han Qudc.
Thd hai, co sd quan tam chi dgo sdt sao cia Chinh phu, Bp Lao 4png Thuong binh vdXa hpi, Hiep hpi xudt khau lao dpng Viet Nam, Cue Qudn ly lao dpng ngoai nitdc, cac Sd, Ban nganh lien quan
Cue q u i n ly lao ddng ngoii nude, Hiep hdi xuat khau lao ddng Viet Nam tien hanh trien khai Luat Ngudi lao dgng Viet Nam di lam viec d nude ngoai, hoin thien cic DU t h i o Hiep dinh vd hgp t i c lao ddng vdi cac nUdc. Phoi hgp vdi Cue Lanh
TAP CHf LAO O O N G V A X A H O I - So 412 -Td 1 -15/8/2011
su, Bd Ngoai giao de dam phan vdi cic nude ve Hiep djnh thong nhat q u i n ly ngudi nhap cU, xay dung phuong I n q u i n ly cic thj trudng cdddng ddng di lam viec theo hgp ddng lao ddng c l nhan.... Hd trg cic doanh nghiep tham gia dang ky tuyen chgn lao dgng tai cic huyen ngheo theo Quyet djnh 71 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu.
Ve kho khan
Mot la, xu hitdng dl chuyen lao dpng tdi Trung Dong tCf cdc nUdc chau A. Xu hudng n i y bat dau t d nhdng nam 1980, dUge gill thfch bdi mdc luong rat thap cua ngUdi lao ddng Chau A (mdt ngudi lao ddng Chau A trung binh nhan 4.000 USD/nIm so vdi 7.000 USD vdi ngUdi Ai Cap hole Ye men). Rat nhieu cic doanh nghiep chau A di cU tdi cic nude vung Vjnh vdi giac mo thien dudng dau Ida mang lai cho hp nhieu tien bac. Nhdng ngUdi dan di cU thudng phli ddi mat vdi dieu kien sdng khd khan. 6 Arlp Saudi, 55% nhan edng nUde ngoai la ngUdi chiu A, d cic Tieu vUOng qudc Arlp thong nhat v l Oman la 85%, Baranh II 80%. Cac nUde cd lao ddng di cU tdi Trung Ddng nhieu nhat la: An Dp, Philippines, Banglades, Indonesia, Sri Lanka.
Dau thd ky XXI, cd khoing 8,7 trieu lao ddng chau A dang lam viec tai Trung Ddng. Khoing 90% trong tong sd 1,85 trieu lao ddng nUde ngoai cua Kerala dang lam viec tai Trung Ddng.TUOng tU, 80% lao ddng di l l m viec nUde ngoai cua Sri Lanka va Bangladesh eung tdi khu vUc nay.
Theo d i n h g i i cua Tap chf Kinh doanh Arlp (Arabian Business), cic nude Trung Ddng thieu tdi 20% lao dgng, d i e biet I I lao ddng ky ning.
Lao ddng Viet Nam di theo dudng chinh thde den Trung Ddng k h i nhieu, nhung chu yeu I I Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar...
Hai la, rdi ro thj tri/dng va nguy cd thu hep ddn thj trifdng Chau Phi vd Trung Dong khien ke hoach difa 87.000 lao ddng di Idm
viec dnudc ngoai trong ndm 2011 kho thi/c Men dUpc.
Sau giai doan suy t h o l i kinh te, XKLD lai tiep tuc ddi mat vdi vd van khd khan, ddng thdi phli hdng chju cu soc thj trUdng Lib- ya: cap toe dUa hon 10.000 ngudi dang lam viec ve nUde db bat on chfnh tri. Sau gan 3 nam md rdng thj trudng, Libya vdn la thj trUdng lao ddng l i n h tinh, dieu kien lam viec, an d cua ngudi lao ddng k h i tdt, quyen Igi dugc d i m bio, rui ro ft, thu nhap tUOng ddi k h i (binh quan 7 trieu - Strieu ddng/ngUdi/
t h i n g trd len khien nhieu lao ddng mudn sang day lam viec. Nhd vay, sau 3 nam khai thic, sd lao ddng Viet Nam dUa sang Libya da len den 10.482 lao dpng, trong do nam 2010 la 5.242 ngUdL
Rui ro t d t h j trUdng Libya cd the t i c dpng day chuyen den XKLD Viet Nam d Bac Phi (cung vdi hai thj trudng nhd Jordan, Angola) va Trung Ddng. Dieu nay khien XKLD khd cd the dat di'ch de ra trong nam 2011.
Ba la, rui ro do dpng ddt xdy ra tai Nhat Ban dnh hudng den lao dpng nifdc ngodi den Nhat lam viec.
Odng dat va sdng than xay ra khien cho hon 20.000 ngUdi Nhat thiet mang va mat tfch, ton that ve kinh te da Inh hudng trUc tiep den viec lam, ddi sdng cua ngUdi dan b i n dja, so lao ddng Viet Nam dang lam viec tai khu vUc vda xay ra ddng dat nhU: Sendai, Iwate, Fukushima...
da dugc nhanh chdng di ddi khdi vung nguy hie'm do lo ngai tinh hinh cd the dien bien xau them.
Dgng dl't, phdng xa, sdng than tai Nhat da Inh hudng khdng nhd den viec lam, thu nhap ddi sdng cua ngudi dan ban dja, cua lao ddng nude ngoai den Nhat lam viec trong do cd lao ddng Viet Nam.
Giii phap trong thdi gian tdi
* Vephia Nha nUdc:
Cue q u i n ly lao ddng ngoai nude can phdi hgp vdi Cue Lanh sU, Bp ngoai giao dam phin vdi cic nude ve Hiep djnh thdng nhat quin
NGHllNCOrU TRAO Ddi
ly ngudi nhap cu, trien khai chi dao cua Chfnh phu ve viec gill quyet cdng an viec lam cho so lao ddng ve nude trudc han do ly do bat k h i khing. Day manh cdng t i e tuyen truyen pho bien phap luat, nang cao nhan thde cpng ddng ve hieu q u i va y nghTa cua cdng tac XKLD.
Ben canh do, can day manh cdng tie nghien cUu, tU van va cung cap thdng tin eho doanh nghiep ve thj trudng, luat phap cua nUdc tiep nhan lao ddng, phdi hgp vdi cic co quan chdc nang pho bien chinh saeh, phap luat ve XKLD, ve cdng t i c tuyen ehpn va quan ly lao ddng, gdp phan ngan ngda tieu cUc trong boat ddng dUa ngUdi lao ddng di lam viec d nUde ngoii.
Nhdng thj trUdng nen tap trung dau tu, khai thac t i n g thj phan, ddng thdi thUc thi cac giai phap nham duy tri, phat trien ben vdng.
Dang lUu y la: Dai Loan, Nhat Bin, Han Qudc, Malaysia, Ma Cao va A rap Xe ut; Cic thj trUdng mdi tuy tiep nhan sd lugng lao dpng Viet Nam chUa Idn, nhung cd thu nhap cao, dieu kien lam viec tdt nhu Is- rael, Thuy Dien... can tiep tuc dau t u chuan bj va dao tao ngudn lao ddng chat lugng cao de tang thj phan va khang djnh vi the cua lao ddng Viet Nam.
Hiep hdi XKLD cung can tiep tuc tap huan cho c i n bp doanh nghiep ve Bp quy t i c dng xU va cac quy djnh lien quan cua phap luat qudc te; thue day trien khai CoC- VN d cac doanh nghiep; phoi hgp vdi Cue Quin ly Lao dpng ngoai nude nghien cdu, xay dUng bd bai gilng ve cac thj trudng: Nhat Bin, Malaysia, A rap Xe Ot va Israel de cap cho cic doanh nghiep phuc vu nang cao chat lugng dao tao, giio due djnh hudng cho ngUdi lao ddng; xay dUng, p h i t hanh cic cudn cam nang ve cic thj trudng lao ddng de trang bj cho ngUdi lao ddng, giup hp tra cdu nhdng thdng tin can thiet mdt cich tien Igi khi sinh song v l lam viec d nude ngoii.
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NGHIEN CCTU TRAO D d i
due qude phdng an ninh ngay cang di vao chieu sau, ed hieu q u i . Ludn quan tam eham lo den dpi ngu g i l o vien Gilo due qude phdng an ninh, chu trpng den cdng t i c dao tao, boi dudng, tao ngudn nham b i o d i m du sd lugng, chat lugng khdng ngdng duge nang len d i p dng yeu eau nhiem vu. Tdng bude xay dUng chuong trinh tai lieu g i l n g day, tang cUdng co sd vat chat, trang thiet bj phuc vu cdng t i c Gilo due qudc phdng- an ninh eho hgc sinh, sinh vien.
-Ting cudng cdng t i c kiem tra, thanh tra, g i i m slt cua d c cap de' kjp thdi phat hien v l khac phuc nhdng thieu sdt, khuyet diem;
bieu duong, nhan rdng cle guong dien hinh tien tien trong thUe hien nhiem vu edng t i e Gilo due qudc phdng an ninh. Quan tam d i m b i o tdt cle che do chfnh sich ddi vdi dpi ngu nhdng ngudi lam cdng t i e Gilo due qudc phdng - an ninh.
De n i n g cao chat lugng va d i p dng dugc nhdng yeu eau mdi, cdng t i e g i l o due quoc phdng - an ninh trong cle trUdng day nghe d nude ta can tiep tue thUc hien mdt sd cle g i i i p h i p sau:
Tap trung n i n g cao hieu q u i lanh dao, chi dao cdng t i e bdi dudng kien thde quoc phdng - an ninh cho hgc sinh, sinh vien, nham tao sU chuyen bien ve nhan thde cua hgc sinh, sinh vien ve edng t i c qudc phdng an ninh trong tinh hinh mdi.
Tang cUdng mdi quan he phoi hgp, hiep ddng chat che vdi cle co quan, don vj lien quan cua Bd Qudc phdng va d e q u i n khu noi trUdng dat tru sd de thUc hien cle nhiem vu Gilo due qude phdng- an ninh;
d i e biet, phdi hgp vdi cle eo quan quan sU cle dja phuong to chdc thUe hien tdt cdng t i c Gilo due qude phdng - an ninh cho hgc sinh, sinh vien.
- Xiy dung ke hoaeh trien khai viec thue hien nhiem vu g i l o due qudc phdng - an ninh hang nam, trong tdng giai doan cu the.
Cii thien, nang cao cle yeu to I n h hudng tdi chat lugng gilo due qude phdng an ninh trong d c trudng nghe nhU: p h i t trien chuong trinh, t l i lieu gilng day, doi mdi phuong p h i p g i l n g day mdn Gilo due qude phdng an ninh;
n i n g cao chat lugng dpi ngu giao vien; dau tU co sd vat chat va trang thiet bj... theo hudng phu hgp vdi tien bd cua khoa hpc ky thuat quan sU va tinh hinh thue tien, kfch thich sU say me va k h i ning sang tao cua ngUdi hg c, n i n g cao chat lugng ddi ngu g i l o vien v l cin bo q u i n ly, co sd vat chat va trang thiet bj...
Kjp thdi so ket, tong ket bieu duong khen thudng nhdng trUdng hgp, c l n h i n cd t h i n h tich noi bat trong thUe hien cdng t i c gilo due qude phdng - an ninh.Q
THUAN LOI, KHO KHAN TRONG CONG TAC...
(Tiep theo trang 15)
* Viphia doanh nghiip XKLD:
Ket hgp va thUe hien nghiem tuc chi dao cua Chinh phCi, Bd lao ddng ThUOng binh va Xa hdi d e Sd ban nganh ve g i i i quyet quyen Igi eho ngUdi lao dgng trudc khi di xua't khau lao dpng va sau khi ve nUde.
Ben canh g i i i p h i p lien quan den p h i t trien thj trudng, nhdm gill p h i p CO b i n , then chdt ma doanh nghiep can tap trung thUe hien van la: Nang eao chat lugng boat ddng v l thuong hieu eua doanh nghiep. Cu the:
Tap huan eho c i n bd, nhan vien ve Bd quy t i e dng xd.Tren eo sd dd ra solt hoan thien, tien tdi chuan hda cle quy trinh nghiep vu cua doanh nghiep d tdng khiu, b i o d i m eho cdng viec duge thue
hien trdi ehly, hgp ly, phat huy duge trich nhiem va sde sang tao eCia moi d n bd nhan vien.
ThUe hien tuyen chgn va dao tao ky ludng eho luc lugng lao ddng c l ve ky nang, t h i i dp nghe, ngoai ngd va y thde k]/ luat trong lao ddng v l sinh boat tap the. Kiem solt chat, kien quyet khdng dUa nhdng ngUdi khdng dat yeu cau hole y thde kem di lam viec d nude ngoai de t r i n h hau q u i eho chinh doanh nghiep va gay bat Igi eho p h i t trien thj trudng. Doanh nghiep can dau t u dai hoi hon eho k h i u dao tao, ke c l CO sd vat c h i t va ddi ngu g i l n g vien.
Tim kiem va tha'm djnh don hang mdt d e h ed chat lugng, hidu q u i . Dam phan ky ket hgp
ddng sao eho d i m b i o tot nhat ve quyen Igi cua ngUdi lao ddng va doanh nghiep...
- Ning cao va d i m bio chat lugng dao tao, sde khde, ngoai nguf, phong tue tap quan nUde sdtai cho lao dgng trudc luc xuat clnh.„
Ket hgp, xd ly kjp thdi cac phat sinh x i y ra khi gap phai rui ro bat k h i khing. Trong hgp dong ky ket vdi ddi t i c va ngUdi lao ddng nen luu ^ den nhOfng p h i t sinh "bat k h i khing" de doi tic, doanh nghidp v l ngUdi lao dpng ehuan bj san sing neu tinh huong xau nhat x i y ra.
* Vephia ngUdilao dgng:
Tuan thu luat phap nude sd tai, t u nang cao trinh dp ve ky nang l l m viec, ve ngoai ngd va sde khde. Khi cd dot bien x i y ra, p h l i lien hd vdi cle ehu the lidn quan t r i n h manh ddng d i n den bao dgng.Q
TAP CHf LAO OdNG VA XA »6\ -S6412-Td 1-15/8/2(^11
