vi
UJI EFEK ANTIHIPERGLIKEMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN NIPAH (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) PADA MENCIT YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN
Abstrak
Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang prevalensinya semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Pengobatan penyakit ini memerlukan jangka waktu lama dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal, oleh karena itu banyak penderita berusaha mengendalikan kadar glukosa darahnya menggunakan bahan alam seperti daun nipah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik simplisia daun nipah dan efek ekstrak etanol daun nipah terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang diinduksi aloksan.
Tahapan penelitian yaitu identifikasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan dan pengolahan bahan, pembuatan simplisia, skrining fitokimia, karakterisasi simplisia meliputi pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskopik, penetapan kadar air, penetapan kadar sari larut air, penetapan kadar sari larut etanol, penetapan kadar abu total dan penetapan kadar abu tidak larut asam, pembuatan ekstrak dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%, dan uji efek antihiperglikemia menggunakan mencit jantan yang diinduksi aloksan dosis 175 mg/kg bb secara intraperitoneal. Mencit diabetes dikelompokkan dalam lima kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit. Kelompok I diberi suspensi CMC 0,5% b/v; kelompok II, III, dan IV diberikan ekstrak etanol daun nipah dengan dosis 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bb; dan kelompok V diberi metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb per oral selama 15 hari berturut-turut. Selanjutnya, pengukuran kadar glukosa darah diamati dan diukur dengan Glukometer pada hari ke-3, 6, 9, 12 dan hari ke-15. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis dengan analisis variansi (ANAVA) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Tukey untuk melihat perbedaan antar perlakuan.
Hasil skrining fitokimia simplisia menunjukkan di dalamnya terdapat saponin, tanin, flavonoid, dan glikosida. Hasil karakteristik simplisia daun nipah diketahui kadar air 7,91%; kadar sari larut dalam air 16,48%; kadar sari larut dalam etanol 13,28%; kadar abu total 5,77%; dan kadar abu tidak larut dalam asam 2,83%. Hasil analisis pemberian ekstrak etanol daun nipah menunjukkan efek penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit yang bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol CMC 0,5%. Penurunan kadar glukosa darahyang paling baik pada hari ke-15 ditunjukkan kelompok dosis 100 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 70,9000; dosis 200 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 68,8640; dan dosis 300 mg/kg bb dengan persen penurunan 42,3040. Hasil uji statistik (α = 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun nipah dosis 100 mg/kg bb dan dosis 200 mg/kg bb tidak berbeda nyata dengan metformin dosis 65 mg/kg bb.
vii
THE EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF NIPAH LEAF (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) TO DECREASE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS OF
MICE INDUCED ALOXAN
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the disease which the prevalence increase from year to year. Treatment of this disease a require long period of time and relatively expensive, therefore many people try to control their blood glucose levels using natural ingredients eg nipah leaf. The aims of this study were to determine the characteristics of nipah leaves simplex and to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of nipah leaves in decreasing blood glucose levels in mice induced aloxan.
Steps of this research are identification of plant material, collection and processing of materials, manufacture of the simplex, phytochemistry screening of simplex, the simplex characterization includes macroscopic and microscopic examination, determination of water content, the assay of the water soluble extract, the ethanol soluble extract, the determination of total ash and determination of acid insoluble ash content, manufacture of extract using maseration method with 70% ethanol, and the measurement of mice’s blood sugar levels. Male mice were induced aloxan dose 175 mg / kg bw by intraperitoneal. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into five groups, and each 5 miceper group. Group I was given CMC 0.5% b/v; group II, III, and IV were given ethanol extract of nipah leaf with a dose of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg bw; group V was given metformin dose 65 mg/kg bw by orally for 15 consecutive days. Furthermore, the measurement of blood glucose level was observed with Glucometer on day 3, 6, 9, 12 and day 15. Test result data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANAVA) followed by Tukey's method to see the difference among the treatments.
The result of phytochemical screening showed that the simplex contain saponin, tannin, flavonoid, and glycosides. The results of the characterization of simplicia showed moisture content of 7.91%; water-soluble extract concentration of 16.48%; ethanol soluble extract concentration of 13.28%; total ash content of 5.77%; and insoluble ash content in acid of 2.83%.The results of analysis showed that administration of ethanol extract of nipah leaves decreased blood glucose levels significantly compound to CMC 0.5% control group. The average blood glucose levels on day 15 for 100 mg/kg bw, 200 mg/kg bw, and 300 mg/kg bw were 70.9000, 68.8640, and 42.3040 respectively. The results of statistical tests (α = 0.05) showed that ethanol extract of nipah leaves of 100 mg/kg bw and 200 mg/kg bw were not significantly different with metformin of 65 mg/kg bw dosage form.
