دﻮﺧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ
ﻲﺣور ﺮﺒﻨﻗ ﺶﻳﺎﺳآ ﺪﻴﻤﺣ ،1
*
ﻲﻳﺎﺤﻄﺑ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺪﻴﺳ ،2
ﻲﻠﮔﺪﻴﺑ يرﻮﻌﺷ ﺎﺿﺮﻴﻠﻋ ،3
ﻪﻟدﺎﺑ ﻲﻘﺗ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،4
ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺣر ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ،5 6
1 - ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ و ﻦﻓ هوﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﻪﻳﻮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ و يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ
2
، - ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﻳرﻮﻓ هوﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،
3 - ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻞﻤﻋ قﺎﺗا ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،
4 - ﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ﻢﻗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻜﺷ
5 - ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ﻲﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧا نﺎﺑز شزﻮﻣآ ،ﻲﺷﻮﻬﻴﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ،ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ سورد هوﺮﮔ ،ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌﻴﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ
د نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ،نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧا
6 - ،ﻲﺑﺮﻣ ،ﻲﺣاﺮﺟ ﻲﻠﺧاد هوﺮﮔ ﺘﺳﺮﭘ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
اد ،نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﻪﻳﻮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ و يرﺎ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 14 / 5 / 91 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 7 / 11 / 91
هژاو ﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛ ي :
ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد شزﻮﻣآ ،هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
*
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ فاﺪﻫا و ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ :
روﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هرﺎﺑرد دﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ
قﻼﻃا ﻲﮔﺪﻧز رد ﻢﻬﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﻳ يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ رد ﺶﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ و دﻮﺷ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﻛ رد ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻨﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺎ و دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ًﻻﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ .
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور :
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد -
ﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲ ) ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ (
داﺪﻌﺗ ، 275 رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ .
راﺰﺑا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ،ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﮔﺮﺑ
يروآدﺮﮔ هداد
ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
هداد ﺎﻫ مﺮﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد يرﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا
SPSS 16
ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ،ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ يرﺎﻣآ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ .
ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد نﻮﻣزآ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ يراد
05 / 0 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ :
،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻦﺳ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 47
/
±2 97 / 20 دﻮﺑ . ﺮﺘﺧد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد 68
ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ار ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻧداد . يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تاﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 03
/
±4 28 / 30 و دﻮﺑ
2 / 50 ﻻﺎﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ زا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا ﺮﺗ
. ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ و ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
ﺷاد رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﺖ
) 05 / 0
<
.(P
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ تاﺮﻤﻧ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و ﻲﮔﺰﻴﮕﻧا
ﻨﻌﻣ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲ
دﻮﺒﻧ راد . ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺲﻨﺟ ود ﻲ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاﺪﻧ يراد .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ : ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
دراد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫرﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و دﻮﺷ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
.
ص 51 - 45
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻲﻠﺻا هزﺎﺳ ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
ﻲﻣ اروﺪﻨﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ زا داﺮﻓا ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ياﺮﺑ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
دراد هرﺎﺷا ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و رﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﺪﻧراد ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ داﺮﻓا ،سﺎﺳا ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧزادﺮﭙﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
نآ ﺎﻫ سﺎﺴﺣا
سﺎﺴﺣا ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻚﻳ مﺎﺠﻧا درﻮﻣ رد داﺮﻓا ﺮﮔا و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا ﻲﻣ بﺎﻨﺘﺟا نآ مﺎﺠﻧا زا لﻮﻤﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ مﺪﻋ -
ﺪﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ . مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ يژﺮﻧا فﺮﺻ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ راد ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻊﻧاﻮﻣ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﺎﻫ د
) 1،2 .(
زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﻲﺸﻳﺪﻧادﻮﺧ ،اروﺪﻨﺑ يرﻮﺌﺗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ
يﺎﻫ
ﻠﻴﺳو ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نﺎﺴﻧا رد دﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺼﺤﻨﻣ ﻪ
رﺎﺘﻓر نﺎﺴﻧا نآ
ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ و ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا دﻮﺧ ﻦﻳا و ﺪﻫد
رد ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد هﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
. شزرا يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ
داﺮﻓا يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺑ زﺎﻏآ رد شﺰﻴﮕﻧا ،رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻲﭘ هرﺎﺑرد
يﺎﻫﺪﻣآ
ﺶﻨﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﺷزرا و ﺎﻫ
نآ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻣآ ﻲﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻫد . ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻲﭘ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻈﺘﻧا درﻮﻣ ﺪﻣآ نآ
ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ شزرا ﺎﺑ .
ﻪﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺎﻣا
ﻲﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻣآ نآ
ﺎﻫ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ شزرا
اﻮﺧ يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﮔدﺎﻣآ ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻨﻫ
. ﻲﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﻈﺘﻧا يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻣآ
ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ار تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ،ﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا نﻮﭼ ،ﺪﻧا
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧآ زا و ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺑاو نﺎﺴﻧا رﺎﻈﺘﻧا درﻮﻣ ﺪﻣآ
ﻪﺑ يدﺎﻳز يرواد
نﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻛ يرﺎﻛ زا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻫﺪﺑ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺮﮔا ،ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ،دراد كاردا
يﺎﻫ ﻮﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ دﻮﺧ ،د
ﻲﺑ ﺪﻣآ ﻲﭘ يﺎﻫرﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﺶﻴﭘ رد اﺰﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺸﻘﻧ نﺎﻤﮔ
ﻲﻨﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷاد ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ رﺎﺘﻓر )
3،4 .(
ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،هﺪﺷ فﺮﺻ شﻼﺗ ،ﺎﻫ
طﺎﺒﺗرا ناﺮﻴﮔاﺮﻓ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا رد ﺖﻣﺎﻘﺘﺳا دراد . ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ رد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ياراد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺎﻫ
ﻬﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،دﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺲﻜﻋ ﺮﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد يﺮﺘ
رﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻛ د
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﻔﻨﻣ توﺎﻀﻗ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻔﻴﻌﺿ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ،ﺪﻧرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ زا ﻨﺘﺷاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ رﻮﻣا رد ﺪ
) 5،6 ( ﺪﻫاﻮﺷ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ و رد يﻮﻗ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ و ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﻮﺷ د ) 2،7،8 .(
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ داد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ردMimi
دراد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا )
9 .(
Nilsen
ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﺧ ـ ﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮ ـ ﻴﮕﻧا و يﺪ ـ
ﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰ ـ ﺑ ﻲﻠ ـ ﻤﻋ ﺮ ـ ﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠ ـ
ﻲﻠ
ﺸﻧاد ـ نﺎﻳﻮﺠ ﻴﺛﺄﺗ ـ ﺮ ﺒﺜﻣ ـ ﻧراد ﺖ ـ ﺪ ) 10 .(
Zimmerman
و
ﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ د
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هرﺎﺑرد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺮﺑ يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ ﻲﻫد ﻢﻈﻧ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد نﺎﺸﻳا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ رد و ﺪﻳاﺰﻓا
ﻲﻣ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻦﻳا و دﻮﺷ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧا دﻮﺧ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ زا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ي
ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ
) 2 (.
Cheng & Chiou
ياراد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ دﻮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ار يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ فاﺪﻫا ،ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻬﺘﻨﻣ نﺎﺸﻳا ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ دﻮﺷ
) 11 .(
ﺎﺑ
ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ،ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻳا لاﺆﺳ
" ﻪﻛ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺎﻳآ
؟ﻪﻧ ﺎﻳ دراد طﺎﺒﺗرا
"
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ اﺮﺟا و ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ .
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ شور
لﺎﺳ رد ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا 1389
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يور ﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
ﻪﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﻘﺒﻃ
يا ﺑ ﺮ ﻞﺤﻣ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد و ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ سﺎﺳا
ﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮﺻ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖ
. داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ 270
ﺪﺷ دروآﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ
داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺘﺣا شﺰﻳر ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ 300
دراو ﺮﻔﻧ
زا يداﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ رد ﺺﻘﻧ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و هﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ 275 ﺪﻴﺳر ﺮﻔﻧ .
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ زا ﺪﻌﺑ
ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد داﺪﻌﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ زا ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هزاﺪﻧا ﺴﻨﺟ ﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد و ﺖﻴ ﻞ
] ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ ،ﻲﻳﺎﻣﺎﻣ و يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ
ﻜﺷﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘ و ﻲ
) ﻪﺘﺷر
مﻮﻠﻋ ،ﻞﻤﻋ قﺎﺗا ،يﺮﺒﺷﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ و ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ،ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ (
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ درﻮﻣ .
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ياﺮﺑ
ﺮﻫ ﺮﺘﺧد و ﺮﺴﭘ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﻲﺘﺴﻴﻟ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ
ﻦﻴﺑ زا و ﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺖﺴﻴﻟ
يﺎﻫ يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
) داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
يﺎﻫ و ﺮﺴﭘ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺮﻫ
ﺮﺘﺧد ( ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا هدﺎﺳ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ .
ﻪﺑ لﺎﻐﺘﺷا
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ دورو ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ نﺎﻣز رد ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﻮﺑ يروﺮﺿ .
ﻣ زا مزﻻ يﺎﻫزﻮﺠﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﻦﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴ
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ
ﺪﺷ ﺬﺧا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ زا و
نﺎﺸﻳا ﻪﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﺬﺧا ﻲﻫﺎﻔﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ياﺮﺑ هداد ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃا رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ و مﺎﻧ نوﺪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻣ يروآ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻪﺘﺷر ،ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻗ ،ﺲﻨﺟ ،ﻦﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻫﺄﺗ
ﻞ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ رد ار ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
. ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد
هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ شﺰﻴﮕﻧا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ زا ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا يﺮﻴﮔ
)
Academic motivation scale
( ﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪ
) 12 .(
ﻦﻳا
ﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻪ
ياراد و ﺖﺳا اﺮﺟا دﻮﺧ 28
ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ
ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ رد ار ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻪﻛ :
ﻲﻧورد شﺰﻴﮕﻧا )
12 لاﺆﺳ ( ،
ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ شﺰﻴﮕﻧا )
12 لاﺆﺳ ( ﻲﺑ و ﻲﮔﺰﻴﮕﻧا ) 4 لاﺆﺳ ( ﻲﻣ ﺪﺠﻨﺳ
تﺮﻜﻴﻟ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ يور ﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ تاﺮﻈﻧ ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ دﺮﻓ و 7
ﻪﺟرد زا يا
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ ﻖﻓاﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻒﻟﺎﺨﻣ
ﺪﻨﻛ . ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻴﻴﻐﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تاﺮﻤﻧ تاﺮ 28
ﺎﺗ 196 تاﺮﻤﻧ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ دﺮﻓ يﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا هﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﺗ نآ ﻲﻳاﻮﺘﺤﻣ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ رد ﻳﺄ
و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻴ
ﺎﺑ شور ﻪﺑ نآ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ز
ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ود ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻣزآ )
73 / r=0 ( و
ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧورد تﺎﺒﺛ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ
88 / 0
ﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖ
) 13 .(
هداد سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ و ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻧورد شﺰﻴﮕﻧا يﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑ ﻲﮔﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
69 / 0
، 84 / 0 و 77 / 0 خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ و
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ 83
/ 0 ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ياراد ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ 10
ﻲﻣ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻳﺎﻘﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
هرﺎﺑرد ار دﺮﻓ ﺪ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ يراﻮﺷد و ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺶﻳﺎﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻧز يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ . ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ دﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا اﺮﺟا دﻮﺧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻚﻳ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا
تﺮﻜﻴﻟ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ يور ﺮﺑ ار دﻮﺧ تاﺮﻈﻧ 4
ﻪﺟرد يا زا
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳرد ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺖﺳردﺎﻧ
ﺪﻨﻛ . تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣاد زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ تاﺮﻤﻧ
10 ﺎﺗ 40 نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ تاﺮﻤﻧ و ﺖﺳا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻲﻣ دﺮﻓ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ هﺪﻨﻫد ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻦﻳا
لﺎﺳ رد ﻢﻠﺳوﺮﺟ و رﺰﺗراﻮﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ 1995
ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ
و هﺪﺷ نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ 28 و ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﻴﻧد نﺎﺑز نآ
ﺎﻫ
خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ شور ﻪﺑ ار ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ 89
/ 0 شراﺰﮔ
هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻧا . ﻳﺮﺿ ﻲﺒﺟر ار سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐ
82 / 0 ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ )
14 .(
هداد ﺎﻫ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد
يرﺎﻣآ
SPSS 16
ﺰﻴﻧ و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ
يﺎﻫ
ﻚﻳ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ و نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻲﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻓﺮﻃ .
نﻮﻣزآ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ يراد
05 / 0 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
ﻣ ﻴ ﮕﻧﺎ ﻴ ﻦ ﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻴ
رﺎ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻦﺳ ﻳ
نﺎ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ
اﻳ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ 47 /
±2 97 / 20 دﻮﺑ . ﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد نﺎ ﺮﺘﺧد 68 زا ﺪﺻرد
ﻜﺸﺗ ار ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻴ
ﻞ ﻲﻣ ﻂﻘﻓ و ﺪﻧداد 2
/ 9 ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﺪﺻرد ﻳ
نﺎ
ﺘﻣ ﺄ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻞﻫ .
ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻳ نﺎ ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ 6 / 69 ،ﺪﺻرد
ﺮﺘﻛد ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ي
ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲ ﺎﺑ 2 / 21 ﻧادرﺎﻛ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ،ﺪﺻرد ﻲ
1 / 8
د ﺪﺻر ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ و ﻲ
ﺪﺷرا 1 / 1 ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺒﺗر رد ﺪﺻرد ي
راﺮﻗ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . 5 / 63 ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﺪﺻرد ﻳ
نﺎ ﻣﻮﻗ زا ﻴ ﺖ سرﺎﻓ
، 8 / 25
ﻘﺑﺎﻣ و ﻦﻤﻛﺮﺗ ﺪﺻرد ﻲ
ﺎﺳ زا ﻳ ﺮ ﻣﻮﻗ ﻴ ﺖ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ .
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ 03
/
±4 28 / 30 دﻮﺑ ) هﺮﻤﻧ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻨﻣاد
ﻦﻴﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ 40
- 10 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .(
2 / 50 زا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد زا ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺮﻈﻧ .
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
يﺎﻫ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻚﺗ لﺪﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ناﺰﻴﻣ ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ دﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟ ﺶﻴﭘ ار نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺪﻨﻛ ) 19 / 1 - 03 / 1 :
%CI
،95
1 / 1 : (OR
ﻲﺑ و ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗرﻮﺻ رد طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﮔﺰﻴﮕﻧا
ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ار ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻮﻤﻧ د ) 17 / 1 -
03 / 1 :
%CI
،95 12 / 1 : ) (OR
لوﺪﺟ 1 ( . يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ناﺮﺘﺧد و ناﺮﺴﭘ رد ﺘﻣ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
ﺄ دﺮﺠﻣ و ﻞﻫ
ﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻲ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ يراد )
05 / 0
>
.(P
و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻦﺳ )
05 / 0
>
.(P
،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﻃﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد رد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻲ
داﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار يراد )
05 / 0
>
.(P
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
فﻼﺘﺧا ،ﻲﺘﻴﻣﻮﻗ توﺎﻔﺗ
دﺮﻜﻧ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ار يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
05 / 0
>
.(P
لوﺪﺟ 1 : سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻚﻴﺘﺴﺠﻟ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻚﺗ لﺪﻣ رد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ تاﺮﻤﻧ تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ نآ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ OR
CI
95%
P-value
ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا 03
/ 1 )
1 / 1 - 97 / 0 ( 226
/ 0
ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا 1
/ 1 )
19 / 1 - 03 / 1 ( 006
/ 0
ﻲﺑ ﻲﮔﺰﻴﮕﻧا 05
/ 1 )
12 / 1 - 99 / 0 ( 09
/ 0
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻞﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ 12
/ 1 )
17 / 1 - 03 / 1 ( 003
/ 0
ﺚﺤﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا
ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو .
ناﺰﻴﻣ ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻓﺎﻳ
ﺖ . يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ار ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا تاﺮﻤﻧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺪﻨﻛ .
،ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و دﺮﻓ نﺎﻴﺳﺎﺒﻋ ﺶﻧاد ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﺶﻴﭘ نازﻮﻣآ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و دراد رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا يﺎﻫ
،يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ يﺎﻘﺗرا و ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ
ناﻮﺗ ار ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا
داد ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا )
15 .(
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻠﻨﻳز يﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘ
ﺖﻟﻻد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﺑ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا دراد ) 6 ( ﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟ
ﻢﻫ ﻲﻧاﻮﺧ دراد . ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻮﺧ طﺎﺒﺗرا صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ د
ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
Pajares
و ﻲﻣ ﻮﻤﺴﻫ Mimi
ﺷﺎﺑ ﺪ ) 9
، 1 .(
Tabernero
&
Hernandez
ﻲﻜﻳ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ زا ﻲﻣ ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا يﺎﻫ
رد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﻦﻳا ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ شﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
دراﺪﻧ طﺎﺒﺗرا )
16 .(
Niehaus
راﺬﮔ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻘﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺶﻧارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و
ار نازﻮﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻲﻧورد هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا رد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺗﺄ هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻴﻳ ﺪﻧا
) 17 .(
ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺒﻣ يﺎﻫروﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻚﻳرﻮﺌﺗ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﺎﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺎﻫرﺎﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ يدﺮﻓ ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ دﻮﺷ
ﻲﻧورد ﻪﺒﻨﺟ دﻮﺷ ﺖﻳﻮﻘﺗ دﺮﻓ رد شﺰﻴﮕﻧا
. ،ﻻﺎﺑ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ياراد داﺮﻓا اﺮﻳز
ﺪﻧراد دﻮﺧ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا .
د ر ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺘﺧد و ﺮﺴﭘ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ،تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﻳا و ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ اﺮﺴﭘ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ناﺮﺘﺧد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ن
) 4،18 .(
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ دوﺪﺤﻣ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
و ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ رﻮﺸﻛ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ گرﺰﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ رد يا
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا يﺮﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﻳآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ يﺮﺗ .
راﺰﺑا هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺮﻴﮔ
يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ،ﻲﻠﻌﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ار ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﺪﺠﻨﺳ
. ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا ﺮﻴﻏ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﺎﺣرد
درﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻲﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﻲﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد دﻮﺷ
ﻤﺟﺮﺗ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ راﺰﺑا ﺪﻳﺪﺟ دﺮﻴﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ناور درﻮﻣ و ﻪ
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا دﻮﺟو ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻦﻳا و دراد ﺖﻟﻻد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا و يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ
ﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد دﺎﻘﺘﻋا و روﺎﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا -
ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ رﻮﻣا مﺎﺠﻧا رد نﺎﺸﻳﺎﻫ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا زا ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ
دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ رادﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ .
ﺮﻫ
ﺖﺤﺗ داﺮﻓا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ
دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ
ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻟو دﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻳا ﺢﻄﺳ ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻘﺗرا نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد رد ار ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ء دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﻳا زا و داد
ﺪﻴﺸﺨﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ .
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The relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation among students of medical sciences
Gh. Roohi (MSc)1, H. Asayesh (MSc)*2, S. A. Bathai (MSc)3, A. R. Shouri Bidgoli (MSc)4, M. T. Badeleh (MSc)5, H. Rahmani (MSc)6
1,5,6. Golestan University of Medical Sciences 2,3,4. Qom University of Medical Sciences
Received: 4 Aug 2012 Accepted: 27 Dec 2012
Abstract
Introduction: self-efficacy is referred to individual's beliefs about their abilities to learn and doing significant tasks in life. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and academic motivation in a group of medical sciences' students.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study 275 students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GOUMS) were selected using stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire consists of questions regarding demographic, academic motivation, and self-efficacy beliefs were used to collect data. Pearson correlation coefficients, independent T-Test and one way ANOVA were applied on the data.
Results: The average of students’ academic motivation was 30.3±4.0. 50.2 percent of students had self- efficacy higher than average. Self-efficacy had significant correlation with intrinsic motivation sub-scale (r=0.196, P=0.001) and total score of academic motivation scale (r=0.155, P=0.01). There were no significant correlations between self-efficacy and extrinsic motivation (r=0.054, P=0.376) and motivation sub-scale (r=0.104, P=0.08). There was no significant difference between two genders in self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Improvement in self-efficacy of medical sciences' students could improve their motivation.
Keywords: Student, self-efficacy, motivation, university, academic training
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