ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد يروآﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻳر ،يا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ
Pyrus communis cv. Natanzi ) اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ (
ﻒﺠﻧ نﺎﻴﻗدﺎﺻ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ ﻪﻤﻴﻈﻋ يدﺎﺑآ
-
1ﻲﻬﻠﻟا حور نﺎﻤﻳا
2
*
ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
06 / 04 / 1397
شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
27 / 08 / 1397
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﺖﺳاناﺮﻳاﻲﻣﻮﺑﻲﺑﻼﮔﻢﻬﻣمﺎﻗرازايﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ ايدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر .
ﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗنﺎﻜﻣ ﻪ
ﺎـﻫ
دﻮـﻤﻧﺪـﻫاﻮﺧﻢﻫاﺮـﻓاريردﺎـﻣهﺎـﻴﮔﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣونﺎـﺴﻜﻳي .
ﺮﺿﺎﺣﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻃ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷياﺮﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻪﺳ ﻪﺸﻳروﻲﻳاز
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنوردﻲﻳاز ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳريرﺎﮔزﺎﺳويا
حﺮـﻃﺐـﻟﺎﻗردﻞـﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓنﻮـﻣزآسﺎﺳاﺮﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣﺎﺑﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗًﻼﻣﺎﻛﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻬﺟ .
ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻳاز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ارﻮﻣ ﺗﺖﺤﺗگﻮﻜﺳاوﮓﻴﺷ ﺄ
هﺪﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗزاﺢﻄﺳرﺎﻬﭼﺮﻴﺛ ﻦﻳرﻮـﭘﻮﻨﻴﻣآﻞﻳﺰﻨﺑﺪﺷريﺎﻫ
،3
لوﺪﻨﻳا 3 ﺪﻴﺳاﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑ- IBA4
ﺪﻴﺳاﻚﻴﻟﺮﺒﻴﺟﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ، ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ5
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ . ﻂﻴﺤﻣردﺎﻫ وMS
ووﺮﻛﺎـﻣﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋﺖـﻈﻠﻏﻒﺼﻧﺎﺑMS
ﻦﻴﺴﻛازاﺢﻄﺳرﺎﻬﭼرﻮﻀﺣرد،وﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻚﻴﺘﺳاﻦﻴﻟﺎﺘﻔﻧوIBA ﺪﻴﺳا
6
ﻪـﺸﻳرﻲﻳﺎﻨـﺷوروﻲﻜﻳرﺎـﺗرﺎﻤﻴﺗودﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷراد
. ﺪـﺻرد،ﺎـﻘﺑويرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ
ﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗوﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻞﻴﺒﻗزاﻪﺸﻳرﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣيﺎﻫﺖﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧﻲﺧﺮﺑوﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ،اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣنﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﻪ
ﺎﻫ رﺎـﻗﻪـﻧﻮﮔودﻚـﻤﻛﻪﺑ چ
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ G. intraradices و
Glomus mosseae ﺮﺘﺴﺑودرد
ﺖﻴﭘ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛوﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ- ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗنﻮﻣزآدرﻮﻣﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ-
ﺧﺎـﺷﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ . ﻪ
ز ﻲـﻳا
ﻫﺮﺑرد ﻢ ﻛ ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻪﺳﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﺑﺶﻨ ﺮﺘﻴﻟردمﺮﮔ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻢﻴﻧهاﺮﻤﻫﻪﺑBAP ﺮﺘﻴﻟردمﺮﮔ
ﺶﻴﺑوIBA ـﺸﻳرﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻪ
ز ﻂﻴـﺤﻣرﺎـﻤﻴﺗردﻲـﻳا ﻞـﻣﺎﻛMS
ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻢﻴﻧيوﺎﺣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟردمﺮﮔ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣNAA .
ﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﺻرد100 ﭽ ﻪ ﻫ ﺸﻳريﺎ ﻪ د ﺪﻧﺪـﺷرﺎﮔزﺎﺳﻂﻴﺤﻣﺎﺑهﺪﺷرا .
،سﺎـﻣﺖـﻴﭘﺮﺘـﺴﺑردﺮﻔـﺴﻓﺖـﻈﻠﻏ
چرﺎﻗرﻮﻀﺣردﻪﺸﻳرﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ G. mosseae
ﺪﻧدادنﺎﺸﻧﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑردﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗوسﺎﻣﺖﻴﭘﺮﺘﺴﺑرد .
هژاو ﺎﻫ يﺪﻴﻠﻛي
،يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر : ﻪﺸﻳرﺖﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫچرﺎﻗ،يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
، ﻲﺑﻼﮔ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ 1 2
34
5
هﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ ﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ي
ﺎـﺑ يرﺎـﺠﺗ ﻢـﻬﻣ مﺎﻗرا زا ﻲﻜﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ
6ناﺮﻳا ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﺮﻄﻋ و ﻢﻌﻃ شﻮﺧ و ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ )
22 ( ﻊـﺑاﻮﺗ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻃ يﺎﺘﺳور ،
ﺰﻨﻄﻧ نﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا نﺎﺘﺳا )
ﻲﻣ ( ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ و نﺎـﺘﺧرد يﺮـﻴﭘ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،ﻲﻫدرﺎﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ
و ﺎﻫزﺎﺳ رد ﻣز ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
،يزروﺎﺸﻛ ي ﺑ
ﻲ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻦﻳا و
ور ي روآ يﺪﺟ تاﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ زا ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻞﻏﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ي
ﻲﻣﻮﺑ ﺖﺧرد ﻦﻳا ضاﺮﻘﻧا ـﻣ
ﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﻢـﻗر ﻦـﻳا ﻲـﺑﻼﮔ هوﺮـﮔ زا
يﺎـﻫ
و1 2 ﻪﺑ- ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛﻖﺑﺎﺳيﻮﺠﺸﻧاد و
رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا هوﺮـﮔ ،ﻲﻧﺎـﺒﻏﺎﺑمﻮـﻠﻋ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يزروﺎﺸﻛمﻮﻠﻋهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد
*) لﻮﺌﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ- :
(
DOI: 10.22067/jhorts4.v32i4.72622
3- Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) 4- Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
5- Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) 6- Pyrus communis CV. Natanzi
ﻲﻳﺎﭘورا ﺖﻴـﺻﺎﺧ ﺎـﺑ و بﻮـﺧ ﻲﻛارﻮـﺧ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺎﺑ ؛راﺪﺑآ و دﺮﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ
7ﻞﻤﺣ و ﻞﻘﻧ رﺎﺒﻧا و دﺎـﻳز يراد ـﻣ
ﻲ ﻞـﻳاوا و ﺰﻴﻳﺎـﭘ ﺮـﺧاوا رد ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
ز ﻲﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺴﻣ ددﺮﮔ
) و 14 22 .(
هﻮـﻴﻣ نﺎـﺘﺧرد ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻪـﺑ
ﺑﻮﺧ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ رﺬﺑ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﻲ ﻲﻤﻧ و ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
نآ ناﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ار ﺎـﻫ زا ﻲـﺘﺣار
ﻲﺸﻳور ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﻤﻠﻗ و نﺪﻴﻧﺎﺑاﻮﺧ شور )
دﺮﻛ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ( )
1 (
ًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ .
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺧرد ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ي ﺖﺨﺳ
ر ﻪﺸﻳ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ از ) 9 ( ﻢﻬﻣ . ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺎﭘ ﻪﻳ
يﺎﻫ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ و ﻲـﺑ ﻼ ﮔ ،ﻪـِﺑ هﺪـﺷ حﻼﺻا و يرﺬﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻳ ﺎﭘ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ِﺮـﮕﻳد يﺎـﻫ
رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﮔ ﺑﻼ ﻲ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) و 38 1 ﻢﻬﻣ (.
يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر شور ﺖﻳﺰﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
شور ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ نآ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا ﻲﺘﻨـﺳ ﺮـﻴﺜﻜﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ هﺎـﻴﮔ يدﺎﻳز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ يردﺎﻣ هﺎﻴﮔ ﻚﭼﻮﻛ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﻚﻳ زا ناﻮﺗ
ﺳد ﺖ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ . ﺮـﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻧﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ ياﺮـﺑ ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﺖـﺸﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ
يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻪـﺑ موﺎـﻘﻣ ﺎـﻳ لﻮـﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﭘ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ،ﺪﻧراد ﻲﺘﺨﺳ ﻲﺸﻳور ،ﺎـﻫ
عﻮـﻨﺗ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﻳاز ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هﺪﺷ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ يﺎﻫ
7- Pyrus communis
ﻪﻳﺮﺸﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑمﻮﻠﻋ
ﺪﻠﺟ هرﺎﻤﺷ،32
،4 نﺎﺘﺴﻣز ص،1397
. 664 - 655
ﺎﭘﺎﺷ : 4730 - 2008 Journal of Horticultural Science
Vol. 32, No. 4, Winter 2019, p.655-664 ISSN: 2008 - 4730
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻲﺘﻨﺳ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲـﻣ ار ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
دﻮـﻤﻧ دﺎﻬﻨـﺸﻴﭘ ناﻮـﺗ
) 10 شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .(
ﻲﺘﻨﺳ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ
ﺖﻗو هدزﺎﺑ ﻢﻛ و ﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ
ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ .
ا ور ﻦﻳا ز نﺎﺴﻤﻫ ،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻋارز تﺎﻔﺻ ﺖﻴﺒﺜﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ يزﺎـﺳ
و نﺎـﺴﻜﻳ ﻲـﻜﻴﺘﻧژ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ يدﺎﻳز داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد سﺎـﻴﻘﻣ رد
دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ شور زا ﻊﻴﺳو ﻛ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻪﻛ
ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎ يﺎـﻫ
نﺎـﻣز ﺮﻈﻧ زا يﺰﻳر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ نﺎﻜﻣا ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ اراد ار تاﺪـﻴﻟﻮﺗ داﺪـﻌﺗ و يﺪـﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) 10 .(
ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ ﺖــﺸﻛ ﻮﻜــﺳا و ﮓﻴــﺷارﻮﻣ گ
) 23 ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ( ﺶﻴــﺑ
ﺮــﺗ 34 ) ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يدﺎﻳدزا ﺰﻳر رد ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ و
28 ﺶﻴــﺑ (.
ﺮــﺗ ﻧاﺮﮕــﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يور ﻪــﻛ ﻲ
ﻲــﺑﻼﮔ هدﺮــﻛ رﺎــﻛ
،ﺪــﻧا
زا (. 4 و 28 ، 34 ) اﺪﻧ هدﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يروآﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑ
BAPﻦﻴﻨﻳﺎﻛﻮﺘﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻳاز يﺮﻣا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو
ﻪﺑ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧژ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﺸﻳر ياﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺴﻛا زا ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و ﺎﻫ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ نآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ دﻮﺷ
) 21 ( . زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﻦﻴـﺴﻛا
يﺎـﻫ
،
NAAو
IBAﺐـﺟﻮﻣ
IAAﻪـﺸﻳر هرﺎـﺴﺧﺎﺷ ﻲـﻳاز يﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ
P.
syriaca
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد
ﻲﻣ يا ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) 34 ( . ﻲﻜﻳرﺎـﺗ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛا
ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻘﻟا رد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ نﺎـﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﺜﻛا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ و ﺐﻴﺳ ﻲﻳاز
راﺮـﻗ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ )
، 3
، 5
، 15 و 36 37 .(
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ
P. elaegrifolia
رد
½ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ و ( ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮـﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 / 5 )
IBAﺪﺟاو ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و ﮓﻴـﺷارﻮﻣ
گﻮﻜﺳا رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ زور 10
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺪﺻرد 54 ﻪﺘـﺷاد هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﺳا ) 2 (.
يرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ تﻼﻜﺸﻣ زا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ زا هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ .
ﺪـﺷر و ﻢـﻛ ءﺎﻘﺑ
ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﭽ ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫ ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ نورد ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ رد هﺪﺷ راد
يا زا ﺲـﭘ
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ دﺎﻔﺘﺳا ، ﻲـﻣ دوﺪـﺤﻣ ار ﺖـﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ زا ه ﺪـﻨﻛ
ﻋ . ﻞـﻣاﻮ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﺘﺴﻳز چرﺎﻗ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺖﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ
ددﺮﮔ شور ﻦﻳا چرﺎـﻗ .
چرﺎـﻗ ﻲـﻠﺧاد اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎـﻣ يﺎـﻫ ﻪﺘـﺳار زا ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
Glomales
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ و
Glomeromycota
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ چرﺎﻗ ﻦﻳا . ﻲـﻜﻳ ﺎﻫ
ناواﺮﻓ زا چرﺎـﻗ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ـﻫ
هﺪـﻳد نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺮـﺜﻛا رد و ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺖـﻌﻴﺒﻃ رد ﺎ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ) 32 ( ﺖﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳا يﺎﻀﻋا ﻪﻤﻫ . نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﺒﺟا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ) 25 ( چرﺎﻗ . ،ﺰـﻨﮕﻨﻣ ،ﻦﻫآﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ بﺬـﺟ ًﻻﻮـﻤﻌﻣ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار نژوﺮﺘﻴﻧ و ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ،ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ،ﻢﻳﺰﻴﻨﻣ ،ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و ﺪﻫد
ﻲﻣ هﺎﻴﮔ رد ﺮﻔﺴﻓ بﺬﺟ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻤﻫ دﻮـﺷ
) 35 ( . نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺢﻴـﻘﻠﺗ
ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نوﺮﻴﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ﻲـﮔﮋﻳو دﻮـﺒﻬﺑ و ﺮﺘـﺴﺑ زا ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ بﺬﺟ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و هﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎـﺠﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) و 6 20 ( ﻪﻳﺎﭘ رد . ﻲﺑﻼﮔ هوﺮﮔ ﻢﻫ يﺎﻫ )
×
F51(
OH، ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ
و بآ رد لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ ،ﺮﻔـﺴﻓ بﺬـﺟ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا و ﺪﺷر ﺖـﻣوﺎﻘﻣ
ﻪـﺑ
ﺶﻨﺗ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ رد يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ يﺎﻫ چرﺎـﻗ ﺎـﺑ هﺪـﺷ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ
Glomus
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
spp.) 31 ﻪﻳﺎﭘ .(
هﺪـﺷ دﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر يﺎﻫ
ﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ زا ﻲﻨﻏ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ لﻮﻃ رد ﺐﻴﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻲﻳا
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ زا زور 112 ﺪﺷر ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻦﻳا ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺪﺷر ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ
نﻮﻴـﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ تﺪـﺷ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا و ﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺎﺑ چرﺎﻗ )
31 (.
ﺖﺳد و ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻊﻳﺮﺴﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳا رد ﻞـﻜﺗوﺮﭘ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳ
ﻪﺸﻳر و ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد ﻲﻳاز
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺰﻨﻈﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يا ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺼﺤﻨﻣ يا
ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ رﺎـﻬﭼ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ناﺮﻳا ﻲﻣﻮﺑ و ضاﺮﻘﻧا ﺮﻄﺧ رد ،دﺮﻓ
نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
×
BAPو
IBA×
BAP GA3ﻪﺧﺎـﺷ ﺮﺑ و ﻲـﻳاز
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و
NAAﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﺑ
IBAﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳر ﻲﻳاز ،يﺰـﻨﻄﻧ ﻲـﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺗﺄ ﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ ﺖﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫ چرﺎﻗ ﺮﻴﺛ ﺆ
ﺪـﺷر دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺮﺛ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺮﻔﺴﻓ بﺬﺟ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ و ﻮﻤﻧ و هﺪﻧز و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻣ
ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ نوﺮﺑ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ .
ور و داﻮﻣ ش
ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳر ﺰـﻨﻄﻧ نﺎﺘـﺳﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻃ يﺎﺘﺳور زا يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻳﺎـﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ لﻮـﻃ و ضﺮﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 28 '
° و 33 53 '
° 51 ﻲـﺘﺧرد زا
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ مﺎﺠﻧا زور نﺎﻤﻫ رد ﻢﻟﺎﺳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
.
لواﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ :
ﻲﻳاز
ﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ
نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ود ﻲﻃ ﻲﻳاز
ﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻞﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ و راﺮﻜﺗ ﻪﺳ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ حﺮ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﻳر ﻪﺳ راﺮﻜﺗ ﺮﻫ رد ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
يﺎـﻫ ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ يروآﺮـﭘ ﺎـﺑ ﻞـﻣﺎﻛ
MSﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻲـﻜﻳ ؛ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻣآ ﺮﻳز راﺮﻗ زا ﺪﺷر هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ داﻮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﻳﺎــﻣزآ زا رﻮﺘﻛﺎــﻓ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ رﺎــﻬﭼ ﻞﻣﺎــﺷ ﺎــﻫ
)
BAP،ﺮﻔــﺻ
، 1 و 2 3
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ (
ﺄ ـﻈﻠﻏ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﻴﺛ رﻮﺘﻛﺎـﻓ ﺖ
GA3
) ،ﺮﻔـﺻ 1 /
، 0
3 / و 0 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 0 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ (
رﻮﺘﻛﺎـﻓ زا ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺮـﮕﻳد ﻞﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ و
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ نﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ
BAPرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رﺎﻬﭼ و ﺎﻫ )
IBA،ﺮﻔـﺻ 5 /
، 0 و 1
5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ (
ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا .
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳر ﺖـﺸﻛ زا ﺲـﭘ رد ﺎـﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يوﺎﺣ ﺖﺸﻛ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ يرﻮـﻧ هرود و ﺪﺻرد 60 ± 2 ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ، 24 ± 2
˚сيﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﻚﻗﺎﺗا 16
ﺪﻴﻔﺳ رﻮﻧ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ لﻮﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ 400
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺶﺷ زا ﺪﻌﺑ .
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻲﻳاز .
مودﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺸﻳر :
ﻲﻳاز
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻲﻳاز
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻪﺳ ﺎﻫ وﺪﺑ
MSن ﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳا زا ﺪﻌﺑ . ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺸﻛ ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻞﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ نﻮﻣزآ سﺎﺳا ﻪﺸﻳر ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻲﻳاز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ لوا رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ .
ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ رﺎـﻬﭼ رد
IBA،ﺮﻔﺻ ) 5 /
، 0 و 1 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ مود رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ و (
رد
NAAﺖﻈﻠﻏ رﺎﻬﭼ ﺻ )
ﺮﻔ
، 1 /
، 0 3 / و 0 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 0 ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮـﮔ (
ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ود رد
و
MSﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
½MSو ﻚﻳرﺎﺗ نﺎﻜﻣ ود رد رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺲﭙﺳ .
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنورديروآﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻳر،يا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاوﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
يﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﻚﻗﺎﺗا رد ﻦﺷور
с
2
˚± ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ، 24
± 2 60 هرود و ﺪـﺻرد
يرﻮﻧ ﺪﻴﻔﺳ رﻮﻧ تﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﺖﻋﺎﺳ 16 400
ﺮـﺘﻣ ﺮـﺑ لﻮـﻣوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ا فﺪﻫ .
ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ و ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ دﺎﺠﻳا ز
ﻪﺸﻳر ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ رﻮﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ دﻮﺑ ﻲﻫد
. ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﺶـﺷ ﺖـﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ هﺪﺷ راد .
مﻮﺳﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ :
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳر يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﺪـﻣﺎﺟ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ زا هﺪﺷ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ
MS
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يوﺎﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ
ﻢﻴﻧ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
BAPﻲﻠﻴﻣ
مﺮﮔ
MSﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد هﺪﺷ راد ﻪﺸﻳر ﺲﭙﺳ و
IBAﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد ﻢﻴـﻧ يوﺎـﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ و اﺪـﺟ ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ نورد ﺖـﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ زا
NAAﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ زا جرﺎـﺧ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﺑ هﺪﻴﺒﺴﭼ رﺎﮔآ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﺘﺴﺷ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ود زا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ . ﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ و سﺎﻣ
) 1:1 و ﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛ و (
ﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ ) 1:1 ا ( تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ وﻼﻛﻮﺗا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳ 15
يﺎـﻣد رد ﻪـﻘﻴﻗد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد 121 رﺎﺸﻓ ﺎﺑ داﺮﮔ
2 / و ﺮﻔﺴﻤﺗا 1 ﻟ ناﻮﻴ ﻚﻳ يﺎﻫ فﺮﺼﻣ رﺎﺑ
شﻮﭘرد ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ راد ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫ
ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ،هﺪـﺷ راد .
ﺮﻫ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ مﺮﮔ 50
10 يوﺎـﺣ ﻲﻛﺎـﺧ ﻪـﺘﺨﻴﻣآ مﺮـﮔ
ﺎﺗ 300 رﻮﭙـﺳا 400
چرﺎـﻗ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ
G. intraradices
و
G. mosseae
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﻳز ﺮﺘﻣ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ .
هﺪﺷ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺘﻔﻫ ﺖـﺸﻫ تﺪـﻣ زا ﺪـﻌﺑ و ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﻲﻳﺎﻣد ،يرﻮﻧ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ زا ﺎﻫ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو .
نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ زا ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ )
ﺮﺘﻣ ر داﺪﻌﺗ ، ( صﻮـﺼﺨﻣ لﻮـﻃ ،ﻪﺸﻳ
ﻪﺸﻳر )
1ﻪـﺸﻳر لﻮـﻃ عﻮـﻤﺠﻣ
ﻪـﺸﻳر ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻢـﺠﺣ ﺮـﺑ ﻢﻴـﺴﻘﺗ ﺎـﻫ (
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ) ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺐﻌﻜﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻪﺑ ضﺮﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ، ( ﻖﻤﻋ
ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ) ﺮـﺑ ﺮـﺘﻣ
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﻣ مﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ( راﺰـﻓا
GiA Roots
ﺖـﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮـﻣ .
هزاﺪـﻧا ﻲﺠﻨﺳ ﮓﻧر شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ بﺬﺟ ناﺰﻴﻣ يﺮـﻴﮔ
ﺪﺷ ) 19 .(
ﺪﻋ 20 ﻪﺸﻳر كﻮﻧ زا د لﺎـﻬﻧاد يﺎـﻫ
ﺎـﺑ هﺪـﺷ رﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ يﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﻤﻳﺎـﻫ و ﺲﭙـﻴﻠﻴﻓ
) 26 ﮓـﻧر ( و يﺰـﻴﻣآ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ و ﺖﺒﺛ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺪﺻرد
.
ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻦﻳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺐـﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻞـﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ترﻮﺻ
ﻲﻳاز ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد راﺮﻜﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ حﺮﻃ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ ود ﺎـﺑ
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
BAP
× وIBA BAP
× GA3
ﻪـﺸﻳر ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد و ود ﺎـﺑ ﻲـﻳاز
رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ و
IBAﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا
NAAمﺮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ . راﺰﻓا ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ
SASﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ ﻪــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ و نﻮــﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ ﺎــﻫ
ﺖــﻓﺮﮔ ترﻮــﺻ
LSD.
مﺮﻧ رد ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻢﺳر ﻞﺴﻛا راﺰﻓا
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ و يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻳاز
ﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪ
لوﺪﺟ ) 1 ﻢﻫﺮﺑ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ( ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻨﻛ
يﺎـﻫ
1- Specific root length (SRL)
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
×
BAPو
IBA×
BAP GA3ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﻲﻳاز
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺖـﺳا هدﻮﺑ راد
ﻢﻫﺮـﺑ رد . ﺶﻨـﻛ
×
BAP GA3ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ رد ﻲﻳاز
ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ
BAPو ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮـﮔ
GA3
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻢﻫد ﻚﻳ ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ
) ﻞﻜـﺷ 1
–a.(
ﺗﺄ زا نﺎﻣز ﻢﻫ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛ
GA3
و ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ياﺮﺑ
BAPﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﻳاز
يﺮﺒﺳ ) 18 ﻪِﺑ و ( ) 8 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ( .
مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ رد ﺮـﺑ هﺪـﺷ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ
BAPﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﻲﻳاز
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ لﻮﻃ و ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ
. و گﺮـﺑ ﻞﻜـﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ دوﺪﻌﻣ دراﻮﻣ رد
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد .
ﺰﻨﻴﻟﻮـﻣ و ﻦﺷ )
33 (
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ نآ يدﻮﺑﺎﻧ و ﺎﻫ
د ﺎـﻫ ﻞـﻴﻟد ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺸﻛاو ﻲـﻃ ر
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
BAP. رد ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ﻢـﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ درﻮﻣ
P. calleryana
) 5 و (
P. syrica
) 33 ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ( ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و
BAPﻪﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲـﻳاز
،شﺰـﻳر ،يدرز ،ﺖـﺸﻛ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﺘﻓر ﻦﻴﺑ زا و لﻮﻃ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ،گﺮﺑ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺰﻴﻧ هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ
ﺖﺳا ﻧ . ﻲﺑﻼﮔ درﻮﻣ رد ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺠﻴﺘ ﺰﻨﻄﻧ
نﺎﻴﺑ ي زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺮﮔ
BAP
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴـﻈﻨﺗ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺪﺷر دﻮﺑ ﻲﻳاز
ﻞﻜﺷ ) 1 .(
ﺰـﻴﻧ يﺮﺒـﺳ ﻲـﺑﻼﮔ رد
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ود زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ
ﻪﺧﺎـﺷ ياﺮﺑ
BAPﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲـﻳاز
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ )
18 دراد ﺖـﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ( .
ﺪــﻗﺎﻓ ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ رد ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ ﻦــﻳا رد ﻪﺧﺎــﺷ
BAPﺪــﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻲــﻳاز
ﻞﻜﺷ ) 1
-a.(
ﻲـﺑﻼﮔ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ درﻮـﻣ رد ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
OH×F33
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ مﺪﻋ ﺖـﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﻦﻴﻨﻛﻮﺘﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد ار ﻲﻳاز )
7 (.
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
×
BAPﺮـﺑ
IBAﻪﺧﺎﺷ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﻳاز نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻪﺧﺎـﺷ ﻪﻛ داد ﺖـﺸﻛ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ رد ﻲـﻳاز
يوﺎﺣ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑ
BAPهاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﺎـﺑ
IBAﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻢﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﻮﺤﻧ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يراد ﻞﻜﺷ )
1
–b.(
هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ
×
IBAرد
BAPﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ
يﺮﺒـﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ )
18
، (
P. elaeagrifolia
) 2 و (
P. boissieriana
) 40 (
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ و راﺮﻘﺘﺳا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺰﻴﻣآ .
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﺖـﺸﻛ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ رد
IBAMS
رد و ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﺎـﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و
½MS56
و ﺪﺻرد ﺪﺻرد 41
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳاز ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ
ﺖﺒﺛ
IBAﺪـــﻳدﺮﮔ لوﺪـــﺟ ) 2 ﺖـــﺸﻛ ﻂﻴـــﺤﻣ رد ﻦﻴـــﻨﭽﻤﻫ .(
و ﻞـــﻣﺎﻛ
MSﺖﻈﻠﻏ
½MS5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 0 رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ود ﺮـﻫ رد
NAAﺎﺑ ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ و ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷور 58
ﻪـﺸﻳر ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﻲـﻳاز
ياﺮﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ
NAAلوﺪﺟ ) 2 .(
لوﺪﺟ 1 تاﺮﺛاﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ-
×BAP ،IBA
×BAP GA3
ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳرﻲﻳاز ﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
ي
Table 1 - ANOVA of BAP×IBA،BAP×GA3effects on the shoot proliferation of Natanzi pear تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
Mean of squares تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ
يدازآﻪﺟرد df ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟﻪﻧاﻮﺟداﺪﻌﺗ
Number of lateral branches Source of variation
3 89.93**
BAP
3 5.09**
GA3
9 5.75**
GA3
× BAP
9 9.37**
×IBA BAP
32 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻄﺧ 0.61
Error
21.88
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ Coefficient of variations (%)
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ**
لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد ﺪﺻرد1
**Significant at 1% probability level
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﻪﺸﻳرﺪﺻرد- ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳرﻲﻳاز
ﺖﺸﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣودرديﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ وMS
ﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺖﺤﺗ½MS ﻲﻳﺎﻨﺷوروﻲﻜﻳرﺎ
Table 2 - Rooting percentage of Natanzi pear explants in MS and ½MS medium under dark and light conditions ﻪﺸﻳر از ﻲﻳ
NAA (mg.L) ﻪﺸﻳر
از ﻲﻳ
Rooting (%)
IBA (mg.L) رﻮﻧ
Light ﺖﺸﻛﻂﻴﺤﻣ
Medium
Rooting (%)
00.00 0
00.00 0
+
MS
12.50 0.1
25.00 0.5
23.07 0.3
33.33 1
25.00 0.5
58.33 1.5
19.50 Total treatments
رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ Total treatments 37.5
رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ
**
00.00 0
00.00 0
-
31.25 0.1
00.00 0.5
37.50 0.3
6.25 1
56.25 0.5
8.33 1.5
41.66 رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ
رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ 7.50
8.33 0
8.33 0
+
½MS
00.00 0.1
12.50 0.5
33.33 0.3
37.50 1
41.66 0.5
6.25 1.5
37.50 Total treatments
رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ 18.75
Total treatments رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ
00.00 0
00.00 0
-
41.66 0.1
6.25 0.5
25.00 0.3
31.25 1
33.33 0.5
58.33 1.5
33.33 Total treatments
رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ 27.08
Total treatments رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻞﻛ
و + ﻲﻣرﻮﻧدﻮﺟومﺪﻋودﻮﺟوﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ– ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
+ And – Respectively means with and without light
ﻪﺸﻳرتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗﻞﺻﺎﺣﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﻫردﺪﺻرد* ﻲﻣرﺎﻤﻴﺗنآتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻞﻛﻪﺑﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﻫهﺪﺷراد
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
*Percentage in each concentration comes from division of rooted observations of each hormone concentration into total observations of treatment.
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنورديروآﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻳر،يا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاوﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ 1 ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣحﻮﻄﺳﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ -
×BAP GA3
) (a و
×BAP )IBA (b ﻪﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳرﻲﻳاز يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ )LSD
01 / 0 α= (
Figure 1- Compares the average levels of BAP×GA3 (a) and BAP×IBA (b) on shoot proliferation of Natanzi pear using LSD Test (α =0.01)
ﻪﺸﻳر درﻮﻣ رد هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ،
MSشراﺰـﮔ ﺎـﺑ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ و
IBAدرﻮـﻣ رد
ﻪــﻧﻮﮔ
P. elaeagrifolia
) 2 ﻪــﻳﺎﭘ و ( يﺎــﻫ ــﺑﻼﮔ ﻲ ) 39 ﻲــﻣ ( ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ .
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ سﻮﻟﺎﻛ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﻳاز
ﻪﺸﻳر زا ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ار دﺮﻜﻧ نﺎﻴﺑ ﻲﻳاز
سﻮﻟﺎﻛ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ . يﺎـﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ رد ﻲـﻳاز
و
NAAﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﺑ
IBAسﻮـﺑ هرﻮـﺑ و ﺰﻣﺎـﻴﻠﻳو ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﻳاز )
33 ( نﺎـﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ درﻮﻣ رد تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﺰـﻨﻄﻧ ي ار
NAAﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮـﺗ زا
ﻪﺸﻳر ياﺮﺑ
IBAﻪـﺸﻳر ؛داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳاز رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ يﺎـﻫ
NAA
و ﺐﻌﺸﻨﻣ ،هﺎﺗﻮﻛ ،رﻮﻄﻗ ﻪﺠﻨﭘ
ا ﻪـﺸﻳر و ي ا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ يﺎـﻫ
رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ز
IBA
،ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻪﺘﺷر ا ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻒﻳﺮﻇ و ي ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻲﺗوﺎـﻔﺗ ﭻﻴـﻫ يرﺎﮔزﺎـﺳ لﻮـﻃ رد
.ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷر هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ود زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
.
يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ لوﺪﺟ )
3 ( چرﺎـﻗ و ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ ﺮـﺑ يدﺎـﻳدزاﺰﻳر زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ
ﻧﺎﻴﻣ و ﺪـﺻرد ﻚـﻳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﺸﻳر صﻮﺼﺨﻣ لﻮﻃ و ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕ
ﺮﺛا ﺪﺻرد ﺞﻨﭘ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻪﺸﻳر ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ضﺮﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺖﺷاد يراد ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .
چرﺎـﻗ راد
G. mosseae
ﺖـﻴﭘ ﺮﺘـﺴﺑ رد
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ سﺎﻣ )
ﻞﻜـﺷ
2
–aﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد (.
ﻪـﺸﻳر داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺎـﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﻪ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد يراد
ﻞﻜﺷ ) 2
–b( . ﻪـﺋارا شراﺰـﮔ فﻼﺧﺮـﺑ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ
Fortunato
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و )
2005 ﻪﻧﻮﮔ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ( چرﺎﻗ يﺎﻫ
Glomus
ﻪﺸﻳر داﺪﻌﺗ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ رد ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يﺎﻫ
هﺪـﺷ ﺢﻴـﻘﻠﺗ يﺎﻫ
داﺪﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ )
3
–b( ـﺑ ﻪﺸﻳر صﻮﺼﺨﻣ لﻮﻃ .
ﻪ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ
چرﺎﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ود ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ راد
ود ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ و ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ . چرﺎـﻗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘـﺧا سﺎـﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ﻪـﺸﻳر صﻮـﺼﺨﻣ لﻮـﻃ رد يراد
ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ )
2
–c.(
ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ ﺖـﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛ ﺮﺘـﺴﺑ
نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺸﻳر ﻖﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ داد
ﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ . نﺪـﺷ ﺶـﺨﭘ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺸﻳر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ و ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ ) 2
–dﻪﺑ .(
و داﺪﻌﺗ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺸﻳر صﻮﺼﺨﻣ لﻮﻃ
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا .
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ رد ﻪﺸﻳر ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا و ذﻮﻔﻧ ترﺪﻗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ،هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ يا
ـﺸﻣ ﺖـﺴﻳﺰﻤﻫ چرﺎـﻗ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ هﺪﻫﺎ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ . ( 2
–aﺎﺗ
dﻞﻜﺷ ) ﺪﺷ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎـﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ يا
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ )
، 24 و 27 29 .(
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ لوﺪﺟ )
4 ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ( ﻦﻴـﺑ يراد
ﻚـﻳ لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄـﺳ رد گﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ چرﺎﻗ عﻮﻧ و ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲــﻣ نﺎــﺸﻧ ار ﺪــﺻرد ﻧﺎــﻴﺑ ﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﺪــﻫد
ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ ﺮــﺛا ﺮﮕ ﺪــﺻرد راد
ﺪـﺻرد ﻚـﻳ لﺎـﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ چرﺎﻗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رد ﺮﻔـﺴﻓ هﮋـﻳو ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺻﺎﻨﻋ بﺬـﺟ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا شراﺰﮔ فﻼﺧﺮﺑ
كﺎﺧ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ چرﺎﻗ ﻪﺑ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫ )
و 16 17 ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ رد ، ( ﻲـﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ . ( 3 -
aﻞﻜﺷ ) ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ هﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ راد
چرﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ هدﻮﻟآ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﻤﻫ نﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ و يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ رد
ﺖﺳا دﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ )
-
b3 ﺎﻤﺗ نﺪﺷ هدﻮﻟآ (.
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ م ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ يﺎـﻫ ﺐﻴـﺳ
MM106
ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ شراﺰـﮔ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻲﭼرﺎـﻗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ )
31 .(
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻪﺸﻳر نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺪﺻرد و گﺮﺑ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻞﻜﺷ )
و
b-
a3 نﺎﺸﻧ (
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد نﻮﻴـﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﺪـﺻرد و ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻴﺑ يراد
ﺖــﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮــﺟو ﻲــﻨﻌﻣ .
ﺪــﺻرد و ﺮﻔــﺴﻓ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ناﺰــﻴﻣ ندﻮــﺒﻧ راد
ﻳر نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ رد هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺋارا شراﺰـﮔ ﺎـﺑ ﻖﺑﺎـﻄﻣ يﺰـﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻪﺸ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﺐﻴﺳ يﺎﻫ و
M9)
M2613 دﻮﺑ ( .
b a
لوﺪﺟ 3 ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ- تﺎﻔﺻ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﺸﻳرﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻓرﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺑﻼﮔ يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲ چرﺎﻗوﺖﺸﻛيﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ
Table 3 - ANOVAof root morphological traits of Natanzi pear seedling affected by substrates and mycorrhizal fungi تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
Mean of squares
ﻪﺸﻳرﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
Average root diameter (cm)
ﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗ
Number of
roots (n) ﻪﺸﻳرصﻮﺼﺨﻣلﻮﻃ
Specific root length (cm/cm3)
ﻖﻤﻋﻪﺑضﺮﻋﺖﺒﺴﻧ
Width to depth ratio (cm/cm) ﻪﺟرد
يدازآ Df
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ Source of variation
0.04ns 11.68
102ns˟
7.8
10-5ns˟
0.06ns
1
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑ
Culture media
0.55ns 12.83
103**˟
7.78
10-4*˟
0.15ns
3
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣچرﺎﻗ
Mycorrhizae
2.99**
37.64
102*˟
10.95
10-4˟
**
0.29*
3
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑ چرﺎﻗ×
Culture media × Mycorrhizae
0.21 994.4
2.05
10-4˟
0.07
24 ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻄﺧ
Error
10.76 23.87
24.51
21.33
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ
Coefficient of variations (%)
،ns و* ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ**
ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻨﻌﻣوراد لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد وﺪﺻرد5
ﺪﺻرد1 .
ns, * and **: non-significant, significant at 5% and 1% probability level, respectively.
لوﺪﺟ 4 ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﺸﻳرنﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردوگﺮﺑﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ- يﺎﻫ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﺖﺤﺗ
رﺎﻗوﺖﺸﻛيﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ چ
يﺎﻫ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣ
Table 4 - ANOVAof phosphorus leaf content and the root colonization percentage of Natanzi pear seedlings affected by substrates and mycorrhizal fungi
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
Mean of squares
يدازآﻪﺟرد
df تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ
Source of variation
ﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮ
Concentration of phosphorus (mg/g DW)
نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻرد
Colonization (%)
15.65**
110.51ns
1
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑ
Media
1.59ns 3917.12**
3
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣچرﺎﻗ
Mycorrhizae
5.38**
275.45ns
3
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑ چرﺎﻗ×
Media × Mycorrhizae
0.67 139.01
16
ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻄﺧ
Error
26.62 23.66
1
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿ Coefficient of variations (%)
وns ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ**
ﻲﻨﻌﻣوراد لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد ﺪﺻرد1
.
ns and **: non-significant, and significant at 1% probability level, respectively.
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنورديروآﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻳر،يا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاوﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
ﻞﻜﺷ 2 ﺗﺄ - ﻲﮔﮋﻳوﺮﺑﺮﺘﺴﺑواﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣچرﺎﻗﺮﻴﺛ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳرﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ،ﻪﺸﻳريﺪﺷري )
(a ﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗ، )
(b ﻪﺸﻳرصﻮﺼﺨﻣلﻮﻃ، )
(c
ﻖﻤﻋﻪﺑضﺮﻋﺖﺒﺴﻧو )
(d ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑيﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ )LSD
01 / 0 α= (
Figure 2- The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and the substrate on root growth characteristics, Average root diameter (a), Number of roots (b), Specific root length (c) and Width to depth ratio (d), of seedlings Natanzi pear using LSD Test (α =0.01)
ﻞﻜﺷ 3 ﺗﺄ - ﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﺮﺑﺖﺸﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑواﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎﻣچرﺎﻗﺮﻴﺛ )
(a نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردو )
(b ﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﺸﻳر
اﺎﺑيﺰﻨﻄﻧ نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳ )LSD
01 / 0 α= (
Figure 3- The effect of mycorrhizal fungi and the substrate on the root phosphorus content (a) and the colonization percentage (b) of Natanzi pear seedlings using LSD Test (α =0.01)
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد دﺎﻳدزا ﺖﻬﺟ ﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يا
زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا يﺰـﻨﻄ )
BAP3
ﻣﻴ ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد رﺎﻤﻴﺗ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ( )
IBA5 / ﻣﻴ 0 ﻠ ﻲ مﺮﮔ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ رد ( ياﺮـﺑ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻲـﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻳاز ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا
BAPﻪﺧﺎﺷ ـﺗ و ﺖﺷاد هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ار ﻲﻳاز ﺄ
ﻲـﺸﻳور تﺎﻴـﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮـﺑ ﻲـﻔﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﺛ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد .
ﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد ﻲﻳاز يﺎﻫرﺎﻤ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ود ﺮﻫ رد ﻲﻳاز گﻮﻜﺳا و ﮓﻴﺷارﻮﻣ
و ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﮓﻴـﺷارﻮﻣ
½گﻮﻜﺳا و ﺪـﺟاو ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ رﺎـﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻬﺑ ، دﻮـﺑ
IBA. ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ ﻦﻳﺮـﺘﻬﺑ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻲﻳاز 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 0 ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ
NAA. ـﺗ سﻮﻟﺎـﻛ دﻮﺟو ﺄ
ﺮﻴﺛ
a b
c d
a b
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﺑ ﻲﻔﻨﻣ داﺪـﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻳاز
. ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻳﺎـﻣ چرﺎـﻗ ﺎـﺑ ﺢﻴـﻘﻠﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻲﻟﻮـﻃ ﺪـﺷر ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ نوﺮـﻴﺑ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺎـﺑ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺎﻫ ﺪـﺷ ﻪﺸﻳر يﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ
. ﺮﺘـﺴﺑ رد
چرﺎﻗ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﺑ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ
G. mosseae
ﻪـﺑ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ رﻮـﻃ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا يراد
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يﺎﻘﺑ و يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ .
ناﺰـﻴﻣ و ﺎﻫ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ
. 100 ﻪـﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪـﺻرد ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﺷ هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ نﻮﻴـﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ چرﺎـﻗ رﻮﻀﺣ رد و رﺎﮔزﺎﺳ .
ﺮﻔـﺴﻓ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ
ماﺪـﻧا ﺮﻔـﺴﻓ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد و دﻮﺑ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻳاﻮﻫ ﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ
.
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
1- Al-Maarri K., Arnaud Y., and Miginiac E. 1994. Micro propagation of Pyrus communis cultivar ‘Passe Crassane’seedlings and cultivar ‘Williams’: Factors affecting root formation in vitro and ex vitro. Scientia horticulture, 58(3): 207-214.
2- Aygun A., and Dumanoglu H. 2015. In vitro shoot proliferation and in vitro and ex vitro root formation of Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas. Frontiers in plant science, 6(March) 225.
3- Banno K., Yoshida K., Hayashi S., and Tanabe K. 1989. In vitro propagation of Japanese pear cultivars. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 58(1): 37-42.
4- Bell R.L., Srinivasan C., and Lomberk D. 2009. Effect of nutrient media on axillary shoot proliferation and preconditioning for adventitious shoot regeneration of pears. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 45(6), 708.
5- Berardi G., Infante R., and Neri D. 1993. Micro propagation of Pyrus calleryana Dcn. from seedlings. Scientia horticulture, 53(1-2): 157-165.
6- Branzanti B., Gianinazzi-Pearson V., and Gianinazzi S. 1992. Influence of phosphate fertilization on the growth and nutrient status of micropropagated apple infected with endomycorrhizal fungi during the weaning stage.
Agronomie, 12(10): 841-845.
7- Cordier C., Trouvelot A., Gianinazzi S., and Gianinazzi-Pearson V. 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhiza technology applied to micro propagated Prunus avium and to protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agronomie, 16:
679-688.
8- Dimitrova N., Nacheva L., and Berova M. 2016. Effect of Meta-topolion on the shoot multiplication of pear rootstock OH×F-333 (Pyrus communis L.). Acta Scientiarum polonorum. Hortorum Cultus, 15(2): 43–53.
9- Duron M., Decourtye L., and Druart P. 1989. Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). In Trees II. p. 42-58. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg.
10- Fadl M.S., and Hartmann H.T. 1967. Isolation, purification, and characterization of an endogenous root-promoting factor obtained from basal sections of pear hardwood cuttings. Plant Physiology, 42(4): 541-549.
11- Forotan A., and Vadi dar R. 2007. Plant tissue culture, Sepehr, Tehran. (In Persian)
12- Fortunato I.M., Ruta C., Castrignano A., and Saccardo F. 2005. The effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the development of micropropagated artichokes. Scientia Horticulture, 106(4): 472–483.
13- Ganji Moghadam I. 2011. Pomology in temperate regions. Agriculture research and education. Tehran. (In Persian) 14- Jalili Marandi R. 2010. Growing fruits temperate regions. Jahad Daneshgahi. (In Persian)
15- James D.J. 1983. Adventitious root formation ‘in vitro’in apple rootstocks (Malus pumila) I. Factors affecting the length of the auxin‐sensitive phase in M. 9. Physiologia Plantarum, 57(1): 149-153.
16- Jeffries P., Gianinazzi S., Perotto S., Turnau K., and Barea J.M. 2003. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biology and fertility of soils, 37(1): 1–16.
17- Kapoor R., Sharma D., and Bhatnagar A. K. 2008. Arbuscular mycorrhizae in micro propagation systems and their potential applications. Scientia Horticulturae, 116(3): 227–239.
18- Karimpour S., Davarynejadur G.H., Bagheri A., and Tehranifar A. 2013. In vitro establishment and clonal propagation of Sebri pear cultivar. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 15(6): 1209-1217.
19- Kitson R.E., and Mellon M.G. 1944. Colorimetric determination of phosphorus as molybdivanadophosphoric acid.
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition, 16(6): 379-383.
20- Lovato P., Guillemin J. P., and Gianinazzi S. 1992. Application of commercial arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungal inoculants to the establishment of micropropagated grapevine rootstock and pineapple plants. Agronomie, 12(10):
873-880.
21- Mansseri-Lamrioui A., Louerguioui A., Bonaly J., Yakoub-Bougdal S., Allili N., and Gana-Kebbouche S. 2011.
Proliferation and rooting of wild cherry: The influence of cytokinin and auxin types and their concentration.
African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(43): 8613-8624.
22- Moniee A.A. 2001. Pear and Quinces Growing. Iran Technical Publishing Corporation, 105pp. (In Persian) 23- Murashige T., and Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures.
Physiologia plantarum, 15(3): 473-497.
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنورديروآﺮﭘ ﻪﺸﻳر،يا
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاوﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
24- Norman J.R., Atkinson D., and Hooker J.E. 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal-induced alteration to root architecture in strawberry and induced resistance to the root pathogen. Phytophthora fragariae. Plant and Soil, 185(2): 191-198.
25- Ozdemir G., Akpinar C., Sabir A., Bilir H., Tangolar S., and Ortas I. 2010. Effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrient uptake of grapevine genotypes (Vitis spp.). European Journal of Horticultural Science, 103-110.
26- Phillips J.M., and Hayman D.S. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British mycological Society, 55(1): 158IN18.
27- Ponton F., Piche Y., Parent S., and Caron M. 1990. The use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in Boston fern production: I. Effects of peat-based mixes. HortScience, 25(2): 183-189.
28- Predieri S., and Govoni M. 1997. In vitro propagation of compact pear clones. In VII International Symposium on Pear Growing, 475: 127-134.
29- Puthur J.T., Prasad K.V.S.K., Sharmila P., and Saradhi P.P. 1998. Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improves establishment of micro propagated Leucaena leucocephala plantlets. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 53(1):
41.
30- Reed B.M., and Bell R.L. 2000. In vitro tissue culture of pear: advances in techniques for micro propagation and germplasm preservation. In VIII International Symposium on Pear, 596: 412-418.
31- Schubert A., and Lubraco G. 2000. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhances growth and nutrient uptake of micro propagated apple rootstocks during weaning in commercial substrates of high nutrient availability. Applied Soil Ecology, 15(2): 113-118.
32- Shah M.A. 2014. Mycorrhizas: novel dimensions in the changing world. Springer, India.
33- Shen X.S., and Mullins M.G. 1984. Propagation in vitro of pear, Pyrus communis L. cultivars ‘William's Bon Chrétien’,‘Packham's Triumph’and ‘Beurré Bosc’. Scientia horticulture, 23(1): 51-57.
34- Shibli R.A., Ajlouni M.M., Jaradat A., Aljanabi S., and Shatnawi M. 1997. Micro propagation in wild pear (Pyrus syricca). Scientia Horticulture, 68(1-4): 237-242.
35- Smith S.E., and Read D.J. 2010. Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic press.
36- Viseur J. 1985. Micro propagation of pear, Pyrus communis L., in a double-phase culture medium. In Symposium on In Vitro Problems Related to Mass Propagation of Horticultural Plants, 212: 117-124.
37- Welander M. 1983. In vitro rooting of the apple rootstock M 26 in adult and juvenile growth phases and acclimatization of the plantlets. Physiologia Plantarum, 58(3): 231-238.
38- Westwood M.N. 1993. Temperate Zone Pomology. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon, USA.
39- Yeo D.Y., and Reed B.M. 1995. Micropropagation of three Pyrus rootstocks. HortScience, 30(3): 620-623.
40- Zakavi M., Askari H., and Irvani N. 2016. Optimizing micropropagation of drought resistant Pyrus boissieriana Buhse. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 22(4): 583–593.
In vitro Proliferation, Rooting and Acclimatization of Natanzi Pear Seedlings (Pyrus communis cv. Natanzi) with Mycorrhiza Fungi Infection
A. Hajisadeghian Najafabadi1, I. Rohollahi2*
Received: 27-06-2018 Accepted: 18-11-2018
Introduction: Natanzi, a native pear cultivar of Iran, is one of the Iranian high quality and commercial pear. True plant type can be produced with in vitro micropropagation. Micropropagation used for species that have long generation time, low levels of seed production, or seeds that do not readily germinate. Auxins in various concentrations are used for rooting depending on the different conditions of the tissue and culture medium. After propagation one of the problems with the production of plants through micropropagation is acclimatization. Low survival and poor growth of rooted seedlings in in vitro conditions after transferring to the environment, limits the use of tissue culture. The fungi symbiosis with root can enhance the success of this method. Natanzi pear propagation in Murashige and Skoog (MS) and propagated seedling acclimatization with mycorrhiza treatment were not reported. The aim of this study is evaluation the effects of various concentrations of BAP, IBA and GA3 on shooting, and NAA and IBA on rooting of Natanzi pear. In the second part of this experiment, the effects of mycorrhizal fungi on root development and absorption of phosphorus were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: In this study one-year branch buds of P.communis cv. Natanz from a wild mature tree native in village Tame, Natanz city, Isfahan Province, were used as plant material. Natanzi pear cutting were propagated supplemented with MS media under factorial experimental designs with three replications. Shoot proliferation in MS and MS with half concentration by BAP, IBA and GA3 were studied. Four different levels of IBA and NAA under light and dark condition for rooting were studied. After rooting plants were transplanted into 10 cm×12 cm plastic pots.
Transplant was made in conditions of high ambient humidity to reduce damage to the plantlets. At transplant, pots were filled with different sterilized substrates, composed of mixtures of a coco peat:perlit and peat moss:perlit at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio. Substrates were wetted before filling the pots. At transplant, plants were inoculated with the AM fungus Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices, in the form of a mixture of spores, soil, and infected clover roots. Ten grams of inoculum were placed in each planting hole about 1 cm below the roots, for a total treatment. 10 g of the autoclaved mixed soil used for inoculated control treatment. Acclimatization, seedling survival, colonization, phosphorus concentrations and some morphological characteristics of root such as root characteristic were evaluated under G. mosseae and G.
intraradices infection. Also two different bed, coco peat:perlite and peat moss:perlite at a 1:1 (v/v) ratio were examined.
At the end of the experiment, Roots plants wer
