١
قﺎﺒﻄﻧاويدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔهﺪﺷيدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳريﺎﻫ
Pyrus communic cv. Natanzi) ﺎﺑ(
ﻪﺸﻴﺷنوﺮﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣ يا
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗﻚﻤﻛﻪﺑ
ﻲﺟﺎﺣﻪﻤﻴﻈﻋ ﻒﺠﻧنﺎﻴﻗدﺎﺻ
يدﺎﺑآ حورنﺎﻤﻳا،1
ﻲﻬﻟا
*
،2
يﺰﻳﺮﻬﻛﻪﭽﻗآاﺮﻫز
،3
ﺎﺑﺎﺑﻲﻤﺷﺎﻫﷲاﺪﺒﻋﺪﻴﺳ ﺣ
يرﺪﻴ
،4
آ ﺖﻳ ﷲا ﻲﻫدﻮﻧﻲﻳﺎﺿر
5
يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد1
ﺪﺷراﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،
مﻮﻠﻋ ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يزروﺎﺸﻛ
2 و*
دﺎﺘﺳا5
رﺎﻳ هوﺮﮔ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻏﺎﺑ مﻮﻠﻋ
ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يزروﺎﺸﻛ
نﮋﻴﺗآنﺎﻴﻨﺑﺶﻧادﺖﻛﺮﺷﻞﻣﺎﻋﺮﻳﺪﻣ3
هوﺮﮔرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا4
ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،يزروﺎﺸﻛمﻮﻠﻋهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻫﺎﻴﮔ
:لﻮﺌﺴﻣهﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ*
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ ويرﺎﺠﺗﻢﻬﻣمﺎﻗرا زايﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻲﺑﻼﮔهوﺮﮔزا ،ناﺮﻳاﻲﻣﻮﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﭘورا .ﺖﺳا اﺰﻳر نﺎﻜﻣايدﺎﻳدز
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻣ هﺎﻴﮔﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ونﺎﺴﻜﻳ يﺎﻫ
.دﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ اريردﺎ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﺮﻴﺜﻜﺗ فﺪﻫﺎﺑ و
ﻪﺸﻳر راد ندﺮﻛ ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ كﻮﻜﺳاوﮓﻨﻴﺷارﻮﻣﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣرد
) 1962 (
MS) ﻢﻫﺮﺑ ( ﺶﻨﻛ
نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻳﺰﻨﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻞ ﻦﻴﻧدآ
BA) لوﺪﻨﻳا و ( 3
ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑ -
IBA) ﺎﺷ ﺮﺑ ( ﻪﺧ رد و ﻲﻳاز
ﻪﺸﻳرﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳﻲﻳاز
ﻤﻫ .ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ IBA
قﺎﺒﻄﻧادﻮﺒﻬﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺸﻴﺷ زا جرﺎﺧﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺛﺄﺗ
ﺮﻴ ﻃ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗ وﺖﺸﻛ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻲﻧﻮﻣزآ ﻲ
ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﺑ ﻞﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺮ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ ﺎﺷﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .ﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻪﺧ
ﻢﻫﺮﺑردﻲﻳاز ﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﺑﺶﻨﻛ
ﻪﺳ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟردمﺮﮔ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ
ﻢﻴﻧوBA
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﻴﻟرد وIBA
رﺪﺻردﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﺸﻳ
ﻳاز وﺎﺣﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫودرﺎﻤﻴﺗردﻲ ي
وﻚﻳ ﻢﻴﻧ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ
،يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد .ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ IBA
ﺪﺻ ﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﻪ
ﻫ ﺸﻳر يﺎ ﻪ د ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ را
.ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻖﺒﻄﻨﻣﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺸﻳرﻲﻜﻳژﻮﻟﻮﻓﺮﻣتﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧوﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏوهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﻪﻤﻫردنﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ
ﻪ
رد سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد زاﺪﻧا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣ چرﺎﻗ رﻮﻀﺣ
ه ﮔ
.ﺪﺷ يﺮﻴ
ﮔ يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ياﺮﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻲﺑﻼ
نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يﺰﻨﻄﻧ و BA
ﻪﺸﻳر ياﺮﺑ و IBA
ﻲﻳاز ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ IBA
.ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻗزاهدﺎ ﺎﺑسﺎﻣﺖﻴﭘﺮﺘﺴﺑرداﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچر ﻲﮔﮋﻳودﻮﺒﻬﺑ
ﻪﺸﻳريﺎﻫ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺖﻬﺟ
اويرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑقﺎﺒﻄﻧ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻲﻣﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
:يﺪﻴﻠﻛتﺎﻤﻠﻛ چرﺎﻗ،يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑﺖﺸﻛ
ﺰﻤﻫ ﺴﻳ ﻪﺸﻳرﺖ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ )
Pyrus communis cv. Natanzi
وﻢﻌﻃ شﻮﺧوﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛﺎﺑرﺎﻴﺴﺑيرﺎﺠﺗﻢﻬﻣمﺎﻗرا زا ( ﺮﻄﻋ
ﻲﻣﻮﺑ
.ﺖﺳاناﺮﻳا هﺎﮕﺘﺳاﻮﺧ
يﺎﺘﺳور،ﻪﻣﺎﻃيﺎﺘﺳورردﻲﺑﻼﮔﻦﻳا ﺰﻨﻄﻧنﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷﻊﺑاﻮﺗ زاﻲﻜﭼﻮﻛ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻢﻗرﻦﻳا . ﺮﺧاوارد
ﻲﻣﻪﺿﺮﻋ رازﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺴﻣزﻞﻳاوا وﺰﻴﻳﺎﭘ ) ددﺮﮔ
Jalili Marandi, 2010
ﻪﻧﻮﮔًﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ .(
ﺖﺨﺳﻲﻧﺎﺘﺧردﻲﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺸﻳر
از
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
Fadl and Hartmann, 1967)
.(
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﻛ ﺖﺸ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ MS
ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ر رد
ﻳ يدﺎﻳدزاﺰ ﺑﻼﮔ
ﻲ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ راﺮﻗ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا
؛ ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ
زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺳ
ﻳ ﻮﺘ ﻛﺎ ﻳﻨ ﻴ ﻦ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗدﺮﺑرﺎﻛﺮﭘ يروآﺮﭘ ياﺮﺑBA Predieri and Govoni, 1997)
و(
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ زا رﺎﮔآ ياﺮﺑ
ﻪﻟژ ﻂﻴﺤﻣندﺮﻛيا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
Reed and Bell, 2002) (
.
٢
رﻳ ﻪﺸ از ﻲﻳ يﺮﻣا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﻪﺑ ﺗﻮﻧژ ﻴ ﻪﺸﻳر ياﺮﺑ .ﺖﺳا ﭗ ﻦﻴﺴﻛا زا ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ و ﺎﻫ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ نآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺖﺸﻛ
ﻲﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﻮﺷ
Mansseri-Lamrioui et al., 2011)
.(
يﺎﻘﻟا رد ﻲﻜﻳرﺎﺗ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛا
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺖﺑﺎﺛنﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣﻂﺳﻮﺗﻲﺑﻼﮔوﺐﻴﺳﻲﻳاز ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
Berardi et al., 1993)
( .
تﻼﻜﺸﻣ زا ﻮﺗ
يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ﻖﻳﺮﻃزا نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﻴﻟ ﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﻪﭽ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻒﻴﻌﺿ ﺪﺷر وﻢﻛ ءﺎﻘﺑ . ﻫﺎﻴﮔ
ﻪﭽ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نورد ﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد هﺪﺷ راد يا
ﻲﻣ دوﺪﺤﻣار ﺖﻓﺎﺑﺖﺸﻛ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا زا ﺲﭘ ﺪﻨﻛ
چرﺎﻗ . يﺎﻫ
رﻻﻮﻜﺳﻮﺑرآ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣ )
Arbuscular Mycorrhizael
ناواﺮﻓ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ( ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
چرﺎﻗ هﺪﻳدنﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔﺮﺜﻛاردو ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﺖﻌﻴﺒﻃردﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
Shah, 2014)
ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ .(
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
) سﻼﻴﮔ يﺎﻫ
Prunus avium
يدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳر ( چرﺎﻗ ﻦﻳا ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ رد
ﻲﮔﮋﻳودﻮﺒﻬﺑوهدزﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا،ﺮﺘﺴﺑ زاﻲﻳاﺬﻏداﻮﻣبﺬﺟﺶﻳاﺰﻓاوهﺎﻴﮔﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑنوﺮﻴﺑﻂﻴﺤﻣ يرﺎﺠﺗيﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ
1996) et al., Cordier
.(
ﻪﺸﻳرﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ ردچرﺎﻗﺎﺑﺎﻫ
يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳمﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﻲﺑﻼﮔﻲﻧﻮﻠﻛيﺎﻫ )
et al., Rapparini
1996
و(
ﺐﻴﺳ
Schubert and Lubraco, 2000)
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا( هﺎﻴﮔﺪﺷرﻚﻳﺮﺤﺗ ﺪﻧدادنﺎﺸﻧار
.
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﻃ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
و BAP
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﺮﺑIBA
ﻲﻳاز رﺎﻬﭼ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و
ﻲﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﺑIBA
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻲﻳاز
،يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ ﺛﺄﺗ
ﺮﻴ ﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗ ﻔﺴﻓبﺬﺟو ﻪﺸﻳرﻮﻤﻧوﺪﺷر ﺮﺑاﺰ
ﺮ زا
ﺮﺘﺴﺑ و ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد اﺮﻗﻲﺑﺎﻳزرادرﻮﻣﻪﺸﻴﺷنوﺮﺑﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺎﺑﻲﺘﻓﺎﺑﺖﺸﻛيﺎﻫ
.ﺖﻓﺮﮔر
شوروداﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﻲﻳاز
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ ﺎﺑ MS
ﻢﻫﺮﺑ ﺶﻨﻛ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫ
BA
ﺮﻔﺻ)
،
،1 و2 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ3 ردمﺮﮔ
(ﺮﺘﻴﻟ و
IBA
ﺮﻔﺻ)
، 5 /
،0 و 1 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻣآ (ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ردمﺮﮔ ﻪﺸﻳر ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد .
ﺎﻴﮔاﺪﺘﺑا ﻲﻳاز ﻪﭽﻫ
ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
MS
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رﺎﻬﭼ يوﺎﺣ
IBA
ﺮﻔﺻ)
، 5 /
،0 و 1 5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 (ﺮﺘﻴﻟ رد مﺮﮔ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﻴﺗ رﺎﻤ رد ﺎﻫ نوﺮﺗﻮﺘﻴﻓ هداد راﺮﻗ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺸﻳررﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ . ﻳرﺎﺗنﺎﻜﻣودردﻲﻳاز
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗنرﻮﺗﻮﺘﻴﻓ ردﻦﺷوروﻚ ﻪﺘﻔﻫﺶﺷ زاﺪﻌﺑ .
ﻣ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﻴ ﻲﻳاز
و
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﺪﺻرد ﻪﺸﻳريﺎﻫ
راد .ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﺖﺒﺛ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳر ﻪﺸﻳر يﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ راد
ﺑ ﻂﻴﺤ ﻪﺸﻴﺷ نوﺮ ) ﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘ و سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ود زا
و (1:1
) ﺖﻴﻟﺮﭘوﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛ راﺮﻘﺘﺳاﺖﻬﺟ (1:1
.ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﻫﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ
زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﺮﺘﺴﺑمﺮﮔ50 مﺮﮔ10
يوﺎﺣﻲﻛﺎﺧﻪﺘﺨﻴﻣآ
ﺎﺗ 300 رﺎﻗ رﻮﭙﺳا 400
چ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
Glomus intraradices
و
G. mosseae
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ .
ﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻫ ﻂﻳا
ﻳﺎﻣد،يرﻮﻧهﺪﺷلﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻲ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔﻪﺘﻔﻫﺖﺸﻫتﺪﻣزاﺪﻌﺑوﺪﻧﺪﺷهدادراﺮﻗﺖﺑﻮﻃرو ﺎﺧﺮﺘﺴﺑزاﺎﻫ
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ .ﺪﻧﺪﺷجر
زا مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا
Camscaner
ﻪﺸﻳر زا ﺲﻜﻋ رادﺮﺑ ي .ﺪﺷ ) ﻪﺸﻳرﺮﻄﻗ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
cm
و( ﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗ مﺮﻧﻂﺳﻮﺗ
راﺰﻓا
Giaroots
و
ﺮﻔﺴﻓﺮﺼﻨﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ گﺮﺑ
شورﻪﺑ ) ﻲﻳﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ 2013
) ﻦﻤﻳﺎﻫ وﺲﭙﻴﻠﻴﻓ شورﻪﺑ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردو ( وﺖﺒﺛ (1970
.ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻪﻛ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻦﻳازا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ ﺎﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ حﺮﻃﺐﻟﺎﻗردﻞﻳرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺳ
ﺗ ﻫ ردوراﺮﻜ ﺳ راﺮﻜﺗﺮ
ﻪ
ﻣ مﺮﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔمﺎﺠﻧاهﺪﻫﺎﺸ راﺰﻓا
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣوﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗSAS
نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻLSD
مﺮﻧردﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧوﺖﻓﺮﮔ .ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﻢﺳرﻞﺴﻛاراﺰﻓا
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑو
لوﺪﺟ) ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻢﻫﺮﺑ داد نﺎﺸﻧ (1
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺶﻨﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
BA IBA×
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ رد ﻲﻳاز
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻚﻳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ .ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ راد
اد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺧﺎﺷد
ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ردﻲﻳاز ﺪﺟاو
ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻪﺳﺖﻈﻠﻏﺎﺑ BA
هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑﺮﺘﻴﻟ ردمﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣﻢﻴﻧﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑIBA
ردمﺮﮔ ﻟ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺘﻴ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ
ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يراد
ﻞﻜﺷ) ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ .(1 ﺐﻴﻛﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
IBA BA×
ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ رد
P. elaeagrifolia
Aygun and Dumanoglu, 2015)
ﻪﺧﺎﺷوراﺮﻘﺘﺳاﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣرد(
ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣﻲﻳاز .ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔﺰﻴﻣآ
٣
ﻪﺸﻳر ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻲﻳاز
ﺖﺸﻛ ﻂﻴﺤﻣرد ﺗ ﺎﺑ MS
رﺎﻤﻴ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑIBA
5 / ﻲﻠﻴﻣ 1 ﻚﻳرﺎﺗ ﻂﻴﺤﻣﺮﺘﻴﻟ ردمﺮﮔ ﺪﺻرد 56
ﺖﺒﺛ ﺪﺷ درﻮﻣردشراﺰﮔﺎﺑﻮﺴﻤﻫهﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ .
P. elaeagrifolia Aygun and Dumanoglu, 2015)
ﻳﺎﭘو(
ﻪ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑﻼﮔ
Yeo and Reed, 1995)
ﻲﻣ(
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
لوﺪﺟ) ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ لوﺪﺟ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ 2
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ( ﻦﻴﺑ ار يراد
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣ چرﺎﻗ و ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔيرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺮﺑيدﺎﻳدزاﺰﻳرزاﻞﺻﺎﺣيﺎﻫ
وﻪﺸﻳر گﺮﺑﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﺑوﺪﺻردﻚﻳلﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳرد
ﺮﺛاﺪﺻرد ﺞﻨﭘلﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳردﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧ
ﺪﻫد ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﺛاﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ . رﺎﻤﻴﺗﻦﻴﺑنﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردراد
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺻردﻚﻳ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رداﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣ چرﺎﻗ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ راد چرﺎﻗ
G.mosseae
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺮﺑ سﺎﻣﺖﻴﭘﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد
ﻪﺸﻳر ﺮﻄﻗ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ
ﻣ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸ ﻞﻜﺷ)
–a
2 ( ﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺮﻳﺎﺳﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧﺪﻫﺎﺷﺖﻴﭘﻮﻛﻮﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑرد.
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاد يراد
ﻞﻜﺷ)
–b
2 ( ﻪﺸﻳر ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳدﻮﺒﻬﺑ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ . يا
تﻮﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﺮﻓ
Norman et )
al., 1996
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ (
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ رد . سﺎﻣ ﺖﻴﭘ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ رد ﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔﺖﺒﺛﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗﺮﻳﺎﺳزاﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑيراد ﻞﻜﺷ)
–c
2 ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗ .( چرﺎﻗﺎﺑهﺪﺷ هدﻮﻟآيﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗنﺪﺷهﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛراد
ﺖﺳا دﻮﻬﺸﻣﺪﻫﺎﺷ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ ويﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ رد ﻞﻜﺷ)
–d
2 ﻣﺎﻤﺗ نﺪﺷهدﻮﻟآ .( ﻲ
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﭘيﺎﻫ ﺐﻴﺳ
MM106
ﺖﺤﺗ
ﻲﭼرﺎﻗرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷشراﺰﮔﺰﻴﻧ
(Schubert and Lubraco, 2000
ﻪﻳﺎﭘردهﺪﺷﻪﺋاراشراﺰﮔﺎﺑﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ (
ﺐﻴﺳيﺎﻫ
M9
و
M26 Gianinazzi, 1992)
ﻪﺸﻳرنﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردوگﺮﺑﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ(
يﺰﻨﻄﻧ ﻲﺑﻼﮔ ﻞﻜﺷ)
وd c
- 2 نﺎﺸﻧ (
اد ﻲﻨﻌﻣطﺎﺒﺗراﻪﻛد ﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردوﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏﻦﻴﺑيراد
ﻴ ﺘﺷاﺪﻧدﻮﺟو نﻮ ﺖﺳاﻪ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣرداﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗﺎﺑﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ.
ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ يرﺎﮔزﺎﺳ ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ نوﺮﻴﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺸﻳر يﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ
دﺮﮔ .د هﺪﻧز ناﺰﻴﻣ و ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻧﺎﻣ
ﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛزا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ وﺮﺘﺴﺑزا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ ﻴ
ﻲﻣ نﻮ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺚﻋﺎﺑسﺎﻣﺖﻴﭘﺮﺘﺴﺑ
ﻲﻳاﻮﻫماﺪﻧاﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻲﻣ
ددﺮﮔ .
لوﺪﺟ 1 تاﺮﺛاﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ- ﺪﺷرنﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳرﻲﻳازﻪﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑ يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ ازآﻪﺟرد
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ يد ﻪﻧاﻮﺟداﺪﻌﺗ
ﻨﺑﻲﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ )ﻦﻴﻧدآﻞﻳﺰ
BA (
** 3 77 / 54
ﺪﻴﺳاﻚﻳﺮﻴﺗﻮﺑلوﺪﻨﻳاﻲﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ IBA)
(
** 3 35 / 18
IBA BA×
** 9 37 / 9
ﺎﻄﺧ 32
34 / 0
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿﺪﺻرد
78
/ 24
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ**
لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد ﺪﺻرد1
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﻳرﻲﻳازﻪﺧﺎﺷﺮﺑIBA×BAﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣحﻮﻄﺳﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ-1ﻞﻜﺷ نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑيﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
LSD
01) /
=0 α نﺎﺸﻧكﺮﺘﺸﻣفوﺮﺣ .(
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗمﺪﻋهﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣراد
.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
۴
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﺲﻧﺎﻳراوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ- داﺪﻌﺗوﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﻪﺸﻳر نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردوگﺮﺑﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ، ﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ
يﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔيﺎﻫ
چرﺎﻗوﺖﺸﻛيﺎﻫﺮﺘﺴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﺖﺤﺗ اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣيﺎﻫ
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣ يدازآﻪﺟرد
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺮﻄﻗﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ cm)
ﻪﺸﻳرداﺪﻌﺗ ( ) ﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ
mg/g DW
( (%) نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛ
ﺖﺷﺎﻛﺮﺘﺴﺑ
1
ns 04 / 0
ns 102
68˟
/
** 11 15,65 110,51ns
اﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗ
3
ns 55 / 0
**
103
83˟
/
ns 12
** 1,59 3917,12
چرﺎﻗ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ×
3
**
99 / 2
* 102
64˟
/
** 37
ns 5,38 275,45
ﺎﻄﺧ 24
21
/ 0 4
/ 994 0,67
139,01
تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺐﻳﺮﺿﺪﺻرد
76 / 10 87
/ 23 26,62
23,66
،ns و* ﻲﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﻏﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ**
ﻲﻨﻌﻣوراد لﺎﻤﺘﺣاﺢﻄﺳردراد
وﺪﺻرد5 ﺪﺻرد1
يﺎﻫﻪﭽﻫﺎﻴﮔ (d) نﻮﻴﺳاﺰﻴﻧﻮﻠﻛﺪﺻردو (c)ﺮﻔﺴﻓﺖﻈﻠﻏ،(bوa)ﻪﺸﻳريﺪﺷريﺎﻫﻲﮔﮋﻳوﺮﺑﺮﺘﺴﺑواﺰﻳرﻮﻜﻴﻣچرﺎﻗﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ-2ﻞﻜﺷ نﻮﻣزآزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑيﺰﻨﻄﻧﻲﺑﻼﮔ LSD
) 01 /
=0 α ( نﺎﺸﻧكﺮﺘﺸﻣفوﺮﺣ .
ﻲﻨﻌﻣتوﺎﻔﺗمﺪﻋهﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣراد
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
Al-Maarri, K., Arnaud, Y. and Miginiac, E. 1994. Micro propagation of Pyrus communis cultivar
‘Passe Crassane’seedlings and cultivar ‘Williams’: Factors affecting root formation in vitro and ex vitro. Scientia horticulturae, 58(3), 207-214.
Aygun, A. and Dumanoglu, H. 2015. In vitro shoot proliferation and in vitro and ex vitro root formation of Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pallas. Frontiers in plant science, 6.
Berardi, G., Infante, R. and Neri, D. 1993. Micro propagation of Pyrus calleryana Dcn. from seedlings.
Scientia horticulturae, 53(1-2), 157-165.
Cordier, C., Trouvelot, A., Gianinazzi, S. and Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhiza technology applied to micro propagated Prunus avium and to protection against Phytophthora cinnamomi. Agronomie, 16, 679-688.
Fadl, M. S. and Hartmann, H. T. 1967. Isolation, purification, and characterization of an endogenous root-promoting factor obtained from basal sections of pear hardwood cuttings. Plant Physiology, 42(4), 541-549.
Gianinazzi, S. 1992. Influence of phosphate fertilization on the growth and nutrient status of micropropagated apple infected with endomycorrhizal fungi during the weaning stage.
Jalili Marandi, R. 2010. Growing fruits temperate regions. (In Farsi)
a b
c d
۵
Mansseri-Lamrioui, A., Louerguioui, A., Bonaly, J., Yakoub-Bougdal, S., Allili, N. and Gana- Kebbouche, S. 2011. Proliferation and rooting of wild cherry: The influence of cytokinin and auxin types and their concentration. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(43), 8613-8624.
Norman, J. R., Atkinson, D. and Hooker, J. E. 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal-induced alteration to root architecture in strawberry and induced resistance to the root pathogenPhytophthora fragariae. Plant and Soil, 185(2), 191-198.
Phillips, J. M. and Hayman, D. S. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British mycological Society, 55(1), 158IN16-161IN18.
Predieri, S. and Govoni, M. 1997. In vitro propagation of compact pear clones. In VII International Symposium on Pear Growing 475, 127-134.
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Micro Propagation and Adaptation of Seedlings Natanzi Pear (Pyrus communis cv. natanzi) with Mycorrhizal Infection
Hajisadeghian Najafabadi, Azimeh1; Roohollahi, Iman2*; Aghche kahrizi, zahra3*; Hashemi Baba heeydari, Seyd Abdollah4; Rezai Nodehi, Ayatolah5
1 HorticultureMaster of Science Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahed.
2* and 5 Horticulture Department of Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahed
3 The manager of Ati Gene Company
4 Plant Protection Department of Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Shahed
*Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract
Natanzi pear is one of the important commercially and Iranian high quality varieties from European pear. True to type plant can be produced with in vitro micro propagation. In this study propagation and rooting of seedling Natanzi pear in Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium were investigate under different level of growth regulators including benzyl adenine (BA) and indole-3- butyric acid (IBA) for proliferation and IBA for rooting stage. Also, influence of different bed and mycorrhizal fungi infection, were tested with the factorial experiment based on completely randomized design, to improve acclimatization of seedlings with ex vitro conditions. Most of the proliferation under BA and IBA (3 × 0.5 mg/L) treatment and most of the rooting percentage in two week darkness with 1.5 mg/L IBA were recorded. 100% of seedling were survived after acclimatization with mycorrhiza. The most phosphorus concentrations and root morphological characteristics was observed in peat moss with mycorrhiza fungi. In finally, BA and IBA and IBA only were recommend for Natanzi pear micro propagation, and rooting darkness treatment, respectively. Application of mycorrhiza fungi in peat moss bed were suitable to improve root characteristics, Acclimatization and seedling survival.
Key words: tissue culture, acclimatization, glomus mycorrhiza.
