، ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ :ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ .ﺵ1389 ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ
ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻓﺮﻋ ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ
ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﯽﻠﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻜﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ یﺩﺮﻤﻳﺎﭘ ﻭ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﮥﺘﻔﻴﺷ ﻭ ﺵﻼﺗﺮﭘ ،ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺖﺼﺷ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻦﻬﻛ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻒﻗﻭ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ یﺎﻬﺒﻧﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﯽﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻖﺣ ﺖﺑﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺏﺩﺍ ﻭ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻢﻠﻗ ﻞﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﻑﺭژ ﻥﺎﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻫﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ یﺎﻬ ﻴﻫﺎﮔﺁ ۀﺮﻳﺍﺩ یﺎﻬﻴﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺠﻨﮔﯽﻤﻧ ﻢﻠﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻧﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﯽﺑ ﮥﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻖﺸﻋ ﺎﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﺯﺭﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ یﺎﭘﺮﻳﺩ ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﻭ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ،ﺶﻧﺎﻛﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ــ ﻢﻫ ﯽﮕﻟﺎﺳ 85 ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺵﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺵﻼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ ﯽﻧﺁ ــ ﺩﺎﺑ ﺯﺍﺭﺩ ﺵﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﺮﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺑﺮﭘ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﺸﻛ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻳﺎﻜﺣ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﯽﻳﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻚﻳ کﺎﺧ ﺐﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺟﻭ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺮﻣ ﻭ ّﺪﺣ ﯽﺑ ﺮﻬﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ 1.ﺖﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﺖﻔﮕﺷ ﻥﺁ ،ﻢﺟﺮﺘﻣ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ یﺭﺪﺻ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻭ ﺭﺎﻛ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻨﺷﺁ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺎﺒﻳﺯ یﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﻗﻼﻋ ﻭ ﻖﺸﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻭ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻤﻬﻓ ﯽﻣ ﻚﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ» :ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻖﺸﻋ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻤﺸﭼﺮﺳ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻖﺸﻋ
2«.ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻖﺸﻋ :ﺖﺳﺍ یﺮﺗﺭﻮﺷﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺮﺗ گﺭﺰﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ یﻻﺍﻭ ﮥﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ یﺎﺟ ﻪﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺠﻨﮕﺑ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ یﺮﺼﺘﺨﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﻳﻮﮔ ﻪﻓﺍﺰﮔ ﻭ ﻪﻐﻟﺎﺒﻣ ،ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ 3.ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺩﺮﮔﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺩ یﺍﺩﺍ ﻚﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﻤﻠﻗ .ﺪﻴﺠﻤﺗ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﯽﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﮔﺁﺮﻄﻋ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ﺎﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻪﻛ 1384 ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ،1380 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ پﺎﭼ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﺳ ﻚﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ۀﺪﻋﻭ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻭ 4 1387 ﻡﻮﺳ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ،(2 ﺹ ،1 ﺝ) ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻭ پﺎﭼ 1389 ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﭘ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻫﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﺳﺭﺩ ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ﻭ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺯﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ کﺭﺍﺪﻣ ،ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﮔ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺰﮔﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺠ ﻜﻳ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ یﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﻮﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﯽﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺎﺗ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻴﻧﺎﮕﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ یﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ یﻮﺳ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ،ﯽﺼﺨﺷ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﯽﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻫ ﻮﻴﺷﺭﺁ .ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺍﺪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ
،ﺍﺭﺎﺨﺑ ،«ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺷﻭﺮﻔﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍﺓﺮﻳﺍﺩ» ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺎﻓﺮﻋ ﺩﻮﻌﺴﻣ .1 .394 ﺹ ،1388 ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ـ ﺩﺍﺩﺮﺧ ،71 ۀﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺸﮔ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻭ ﻩﺎﺠﻨﭘ» ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ یﺭﺪﺻ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﻣﻼﻏ .2 یﺭﻮﻬﻤﺟ ﻭ ﻞﮕﻨﺟ ﺶﺒﻨﺟ :ﻢﺧﺯ ﺩﻼﻴﻣ ،«ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ،یﺮﻛﺎﺷ ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﯽﺘﺴﻴﻟﺎﻴﺳﻮﺳ یﻭﺭﻮﺷ .1386 ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻴﺟﺍﻮﺧ یﺩﺮﮔﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﺨﺘﻓﺍ ﻩﺎﮔ ﭻﻴﻫ ﺐﻧﺎﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ یﺭﻭﺁﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .3
.ﻡﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ۀﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ .4 ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ،ﻝﻭﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ
.ﺵ1380 ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ یﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻠﺟ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ .ﺵ1384 ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺕﺎﻓﻮﻗﻮﻣ ﺩﺎﻴﻨﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻡﻮﺳ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ .ﺵ1387 ،ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ
یﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻔﮔ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻊﻃﺎﻗ ﺱﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ یﺍ ﻪﻃﺎﺣﺍ ﮥﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۀﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻞﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻳﻮﺧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺬﺧﺂﻣ ﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ یﻭﺎﻛﺍﻭ ﺖﺻﺮﻓ ﻪﻛ ــ ﯽﻠﻳﻻﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺯﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ،کﺭﺍﺪﻣ ،ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﭘ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ــ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺮﺒﺧ ﯽﺑ ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ پﺎﭼ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ
ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺸﻳﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺵﻼﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ کﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ یﺭﻭﺁﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺷﻮﮔ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻞﻫﺍ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ًﺎﻤﺘﺣ» ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﻛ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻠﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ،(481 ﺹ) «ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻤﺣﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﺒﻛ ﻢﻜﺣ ﺵﺍ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ .ﺖﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺍﺭ ﺪﻠﺟ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭﺬﮔ یﺭﻭﺮﻣ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺕﺎﺟﺭﺪﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ یﻮﻔﺻ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷ ﻡﺎﻜﺣﺍ ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ یﻮﻔﺻ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ کﻮﻠﻤﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻦﺘﻣ یﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻭ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﮔﺭﺯﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ یﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻪﻳﺭﺎﺟﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﻪﺳ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺎﺘﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ «ﻪﻳﺭﺪﺼﻟﺍﺮﺛﺂﻣ» ﻪﺑ ﻡﻮﺳﻮﻣ
یﺎﻬ ﺘﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺭﻮﻧ ﻪﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﻥﺎﺧﺎﻗﺁ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ یﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ (یﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﯽﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﺸﻨﻣ) ﻪﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ،ﺖﻴﻃﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ یﺮﺻﺎﻧ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻩﺎﺷ ﯽﻠﻌﺤﺘﻓ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻨﻳﻭﺰﻗ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﻔﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ،ﻥﺎﻳﻮﻔﺻ ﮥﭽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺠﻳﺎﺑﺭﺫﺁ ﮥﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﻡﺎﻬﻣ یﺭﺍﺰﮔﺭﺎﻛ یﺎﻬﻠﻤﻌﻟﺍﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻣ ﻥﺎﺧ ﺩﺍﻮﺟ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ،1312 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ 1308 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻔﻏ ﻪﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻭﺎﻌﻣ یﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،(ﻮﻜﻤﺳ) ﻮﻘﺘﻴﻤﺳ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻞﻴﻋﺎﻤﺳﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺏﻼﻘﻧﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ» ،ﯽﻨﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ یﺪﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ «کﺎﻳﺮﺗ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ» ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻚﻳﺪﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ یﺩﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ «ﻪﻃﻭﺮﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻪﻛ «ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ» ،ﯽﻟﻮﺒﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﻛﺮﺗ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﻭﺪﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ 1906 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻗﺮﺷ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ۀﺮﮕﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﺘﺸﻫ «یﻮﻨﻣ» ﻭ .ﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻗﺮﺷ ﯽﻠﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ۀﺮﮕﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻤﺘﺸﻫ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﻢﻠﻬﻜﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ 1889 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺯﺮﻃ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ پﺎﭼ یﺍ ﻪﭼﺮﺘﻓﺩ ،ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﻌﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺍﺬﻏ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺮﺳﺩ ،ﺍﺬﻏ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﮥﻴﻬﺗ ﻞﻠﻣ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺸﻗﺮﺷ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺮﺜﻧ ﻭ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .ﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻂﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﺪﻧﺎﻨﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺮﻜﺴﻨﺳ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻨﻄﻠﺳ «ﻥﻮﻣﻮﺳ»
«یﺩﺭﻮﮕﻳﺮﭘ ۀﺪﻧﺮﭘ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ» ،ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻟﻮﻣﺲﻛﺎﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛﺪﻟﻮﻧ ﺭﻭﺩﻮﺌﺗ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﺮﺳ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﺳ .ﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺪﻛﺍ ﻂﺧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ «ﺩﻻﺎﺳ»
ﺯﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﻂﺧ ﻪﺑ «ﻥﺎﻳﻭﺪﺑ ﺞﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺮﺑ» ،ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ «ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻫ ﻩﻮﻴﻣ» ،ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻚﻴﺑ ﺖﺣﺪﻣ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻧﺎﻤﻟﺁ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ،یﺮﺒﻣﺍﻭ .ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﺘﻐﺟ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻭ ﻂﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺧ» ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﻤﻌﻃﺍ ﻕﺎﺤﺴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺘﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ «ﺱﺎﭙﺳ .ﺮﮕﻳﺩ یﺍﺬﻏ ﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻢﻫ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﻮﺳ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﺻﺎﻧ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ «ﻝﺎﺧﺁ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ» ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻝﺎﺒﻗﺍ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﭙﺳ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺳ «ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺯﻮﺧ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺮﻔﺳ»
ﺕﺭﻮﺻ» ،«ﯽﻌﻴﻤﺳ ﮥﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍﺐﻳﺩﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ» ،ﯽﻧﺎﻴﺘﺷﺁ
«ﻪﻳﺭﺎﻔﻏ ﮥﭽﺑﺎﺘﻛ» ،«ﻪﻏﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﻤﻠﻈﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻴﺿﺭﺎﻋ ﺾﻳﺍﺮﻋ ﯽﻠﻘﻴﻠﻋ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ﻪﻏﺍﺮﻣ ﮥﻧﺎﺧﺪﺻﺭ» ،(ﻥﺎﺘﺴﭼﻮﻠﺑ یﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ) ﻭ «ﻮﻘﺘﻴﻤﺳ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﺟ ﯽﻣﺎﻈﻧ یﺎﻬ ﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ» ،ﻪﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍﺩﺎﻀﺘﻋﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻩﺪﻔﻫ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺰﻴﻧﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬ ﻨﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻩﺮﻃﺎﺧ ،ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ،ﺮﺒﺧ ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻬﻧﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ :ﻢﻴﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻤﻬﻃ ﺪﻬﻋ 1271 ﻝﺎﺳ) «ﺕﺎﺟ ﻪﺨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ»
ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ) «ﺔﻴﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ» ،(ﻪﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﺪﻳﺆﻣ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ،ﯽﻘﻠﺷﺍ یﺩﻭﺮﻣﺮﮔ ﯽﻘﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ (ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺗﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﺧﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﮥﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺸﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﺴﺣ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ﻥﺁ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﺑﺪﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ»
ﻡﻮﺠﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻴﻗﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ) «یﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﺡﺎﺘﺘﻓﺍ» ،یﺭﺎﻳﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﺝﺎﺣ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ» ،(ﷲﺪﻴﺒﻋ ﺦﻴﺷ ۀﺮﻛﺬﺗ» ،ﯽﻧﺎﺳﺎﻛ یﺰﻣﺭ ۀﺩﻭﺮﺳ «ﻦﻴﺣﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺰﻣﺭ» ،ﯽﻧﺎﺠﻧﺯ ،«ﻪﻓﻼﺨﻟﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺕﻼﺤﻣ ﮥﻣﺎﻧﺯﻭﺭ» ،ﯽﻓﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻌﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ءﺎﺑﺁ ،ﺮﻬﺸﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ۀﺩﺍﺯ ﻢﻇﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﺯﺍ «ﺭﺎﮔﺩﺎﻳ ﻭﺩ» ،«ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺖﻛژﺮﭘ»
ﮥﻧﺎﺨﭘﺎﭼ پﺎﭼ یﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ) «ﻥﻭﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ»
.«ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻭ ﺎﺑﺩﺍ یﺎﻀﻣﺍ» ،LE SHAH ؛(ﻦﻴﻟﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﻭﺎﻛ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻨﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺷﻮﻧ 1271 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻛ «ﺕﺎﺟ ﻪﺨﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﻨﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ»
ﻥﺁ ﯽﺴﻜﻋ پﺎﭼ یﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ــ یﺮﺻﺎﻧ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ــ ﻕ یﺎﻗﺁ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻤﻳﺪﻗ ﮥﻗﺮﻔﺘﻣ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ پﺎﭼ ﻥﺪﻨﻟ ﺭﺩ یﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ۀﺩﺍﺯ ﻢﻳﺮﻛ ﯽﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﯽﻓﻭﺮﺣ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺥﺎﺴﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪﻠﻏ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺝﺭﺪﻨﻣ ،(... ﻭ ﻡﺮﻬﺟ ،ﺭﻻ) ﺱﺭﺎﻓ یﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ،ﻪﻠﻏ ﺩﻮﺒﻤﻛ ،ﯽﻔﻴﺻ .ﻩﺮﺼﺑ ﻭ ﻂﻘﺴﻣ ،ﻥﺎﮕﻨﻛ ،ﻪﻳﻮﻠﺴﻋ ﺭﺪﻨﺑ ﯽﻘﻠﺷﺍ یﺩﻭﺮﻣﺮﮔ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ﻪﻴﺒﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻪﻔﻴﺤﺼﻟﺍ»
ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻘﻠﺷﺍ یﺭﺎﺼﻧﺍ ﯽﻘﻨﻴﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﺘﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﻚﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﺗﺆﻣ ﻥﺎﺧﺪﻴﻌﺳ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﺐﺴﻧ ،یﺭﺎﺼﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ یﺭﺎﺼﻧﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﻓﺁ ﺵﻮﻧ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺎﻛﺮﺳ ﯽﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﯽﻌﻴﺒﻃ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ پﺎﭼ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﮥﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺁ
یﺭﺎﺼﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﮥﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ًﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﯽﺗﺎﻜﻧ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺍﺯﺮﻴﻣ ﯽﺟﺎﺣ ﮥﺘﺷﺎﮕﻧ «ﻥﺁ ﺝﻼﻋ ﻭ ﺎﻣ ﯽﺘﺨﺑﺪﺑ ﻞﻠﻋ»
ﻪﺑ ﻕ 1340 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺸﺘﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﺧ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺪﻗﺍ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﺸﻧ ﯽﮕﻨﺳ پﺎﭼ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ پﺎﭼ ﻩﺪﺷ پﺎﭼ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﺑ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﻌﺷ یﺎﻫﺮﻌﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻒﻠﻜﺗ ﯽﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﯽﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻬﺘﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺩﻮﻤﻨﻫﺭ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﯽﻳﺎﻬ ﻠﺣ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺍﺮﻜﻔﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻳﺪﻧﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻢﻫ .ﺖﺳﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺎﺴﻣ ﻭ ﯽﮔﺩﺎﺳ ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ» ﻩﻭﺰﺟ ۀﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺪﻋ ﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﻣﺆﻣ ﺭﺩ ًﻼﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻡﻼﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯽﮕﻧﺍﺩﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻭ ﺕﺍﻭﺎﺴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﻳﺩ ،ﯽﻠﺑ .ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺎﺘﻓﺍ ﻥﺎﺸﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﻛ ﯽﺘﻗﻭ ﯽﻟﻭ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺯ ﯽﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﻮﻣ ﻩﺮﺛﺎﻜﺘﻣ ﻢﻌﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ یﺎﺟ ﯽﺘﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﮥﻴﻟﺎﻋ ﺭﻮﺼﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻔﻌﺿ ﻭ ﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﯽﺘﻤﻴﻗ یﺎﻬ ﻠﻴﺒﻣﻮﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻨﻣﻩﺮﻬﺑ «ﺪﻨﺳﺮﺑ ﺖﻛﻼﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻛﻼﻓ ﻭ ﯽﮕﻨﺳﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻉﺮﺷ ﺐﺣﺎﺻ» ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﻝﺎﺒﻧﺩ ﻪﺑ .(83ـ82 ﺺﺻ) ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﻭ ﻦﻃﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ﺖﻨﻄﻠﺳ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻭ ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻡﻼﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺮﻴﺳ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻨﺳﺮﮔ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻚﻳ ﺕﺮﺧﺁ ﻭ ﮥﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﯽﺿﻮﻋ ﻦﻫﺍﺮﻴﭘ .ﺩﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻮﺟ ﺩﺭﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺮﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻨﻴﭘ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺶﻔﻛ ،ﺩﺯ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ ،ﺩﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﯽﻣ ﺡﺎﻨﺟ ﺾﻔﺧ ﻥﺎﻧﺎﻤﻠﺴﻣ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﯽﻣ کﺎﺧ ﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺣ ﻡﻮﻗ ﺮﻫ ﻡﺍﺮﻛ ،ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻣ ﺖﻛﺮﺷ ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺭﺎﻛﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﺘﻣﺪﺧ ﺩﺮﻤﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺮﺨﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﺳﺮﭘ ﺖﺑ .(83 ﺹ) «ﺩﻮﺑ ﺲﻴﻠﺟ ﻭ ﺲﻴﻧﺍ ﺎﻔﻌﺿ ﻭ ﺍﺮﻘﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺐﻃﺎﺨﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺸﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﺳﺎﻤﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﻴﺗﺁ ،ﯽﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﻥﺎﻧﺍﻮﺟ یﺍ» ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻑﺮﺧﺯ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻬﻧﺯ .ﺖﺳﺎﻤﺷ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺩﺎﻌﺳ ﻭ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺭﻮﺨﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻑّﻮﺠﻣ یﺎﻬ ﻓﺮﺣ ﺐﻳﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻳﺯﺎﺴﻧ ﺭﻭﺮﻏ ﻝﻮﻗ ...ﺪﻳﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﻨﻃﻭ ﻭ ﺖﻜﻠﻤﻣ ﺕﺩﺎﻌﺳ یﺍﺮﺑ
ﻢﻠﻋ ﻦﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ یﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺎﻬﺘﺟﺍ ﻭ ﯽﻨﺗﻭﺮﻓ ﻝﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺲﭘ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ .(77 ﺹ) «ﺪﻳﺯﺎﺳ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻕﻼﺧﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺗﺎﻜﻧ ﻪﻨﻄﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻢﺸﺘﺤﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻭ ﺎﻀﻗ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻩﻭﺰﺟ ﺭﺩ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ «یﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﺡﺎﺘﺘﻓﺍ»
ﷲﺪﻴﺒﻋ ﺢﻴﺷ ﮥﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﻮﻟﺯﻮﮔﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺒﻛﺍ ﯽﻠﻋ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﺻﺎﻧ ﮥﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﮥﺨﺴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﺗ ﻥﻭﺪﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﯽﻠﻣ ﮥﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،ﺩﺍﺪﻳﻭﺭ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻌﺒﻨﻣ ﻭ ﺬﺧﺄﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺖﺳﺩ .ﺩﺮﻴﮕﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻳﺯﻭ ﯽﺟﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ «ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﻭ ﺕﺍﺮﻃﺎﺧ»
ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺥﺎﺴﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﯽﻠﻴﺑﺩﺭﺍ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻪﻛ ﯽﻧﺎﺠﻧﺯ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺠﻨﮔ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ یﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺎﮔﺩﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ یﺪﻨﻤﺷﺯﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺴﻤﺧ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻧﺁ ﯽﮔﺪﻧﺯ
ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻓﺎﻣ ﻥﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﮥﭽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ «ءﺎﺑﻵﺍ ﺓﺮﻛﺬﺗ»
.ﯽﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻦﻤﻬﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﻣ ﯽﻠﻌﻧﺎﻄﻠﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﯽﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﺭﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﮕﺘﻣﻮﻜﺣ یﺎﻬ ﻧﺍﺪﻧﺎﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﭼ
ﻪﻳﺭﺎﺟﺎﻗ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺎﻬﻴﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺐﺻﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻬﻋ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻭ ﯽﻓﺎﻣ ﻞﻳﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻞﺻﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ یﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺘﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ .ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻒﻠﻳﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ،«ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻣ ﺖﻛژﺮﭘ»
ﺪﻴﺳ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﺻﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﯽﭽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ یﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺰﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﯽﻘﺗ ﻦﺴﺣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ کﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻭ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻬ ﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻩﺍﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺭﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﯽﻣﻼﺳﺍ گﺭﺰﺑ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺩ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﯽﺗﺍﺰﻠﻓ ﻥﺩﺎﻌﻣ ۀﺪﻳﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﻳﻮﺳ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻬ ﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺏﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻫﺎﻇﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﯽﺗﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻥﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻜﻠﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻧ ﺏﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻤﻋ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺍﺰﻠﻓ یﺎﻫ ﻪﮔﺭ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻛ ﺏﺁ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ یﺭﺎﻔﺣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻢﻴﺨﺿ ﺐﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﮥﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺭﺎﻜ ﻫﺍﺭ ﻒﻠﻳﻮﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺗﺭﻭﺁﺩﻮﺳ ﺭﻭﺪﺻ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺩﺰﺷﻮﮔ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺗﺎﻜﻧ ﻢﻫ ﺖﻔﻧ ﺝﺍﺮﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ یﺎﻬ ﻫﺍﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺁ ﻻﺎﺣ ﻥﻮﭼ» :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺎﺻ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻞﻤﺣ ﻚﻟﺎﻤﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻓﺎﻛ ﺭﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﻴﻠﻋ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻉﺎﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﺸﻛ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻻﺎﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻤﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺦﻳﺭﺍﻮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻡﺯﻻ ﯽﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺩﺍﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ یﺍﺮﺑ ﯽﺗﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﯽﺘﺸﻛ ﻪﻛ ﯽﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﻠﻣﺎﻛ ﺕﺎّﻴﻗﺮﺗ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻉﺎﺘﻣ ﻞﻤﺣ ﺾﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻞﻤﻋ ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ .(517ـ516 ﺺﺻ) «ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻖﻧﻭﺭ ﻪﺟﺭﺎﺧ /ﻕ1342 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ «ﻥﻭﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﻭﺩﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ»
ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻴﻟﺮﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻳﻭﺎﻛ ﮥﻧﺎﺨﭘﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻡ1924 .ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻞﻫﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﻥﻭﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻢﻫ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ یﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﻮﺴﻠﻜﻴﻧ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ یﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻥﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻕﺮﺷ ﺶﺷﻮﻛ ﻭ ﯽﻌﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺐﻴﮔ ﻑﺎﻗﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ پﺎﭼ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫﺭﻮﺗﺎﻜﻳﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ "LE SHAH"
L'Assiette ﮥﻠﺠﻣ 225 ۀﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺭﺎﺟﺎﻗ ﻩﺎﺷ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﻔﻈﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ 1905 ﻪﻴﺋﻭژ 22 ﺭﺩ au Beurre
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺍﺭ ﺭﻮﺗﺎﻜﻳﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺩﺰﻧﺎﺷ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻠﺟ یﻭﺭ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﻳﻭﺎﺼﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﻪﺴﻧﺍﺮﻓ ﮥﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ 1324ـ1323 ﻝﺎﺳ ﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻭ ﺎﺑﺩﺍ یﺎﻫﺎﻀﻣﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ .ﺖﺳﺍ یﺪﻴﺷﺭﻮﺧ ﺎﺗ 1323 ﺮﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻨﻳﺁ ﮥﻠﺠﻣ ﻡﻮﺳ ۀﺭﻭﺩ» :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺎﻣﻮﻃ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ 1324 ﺪﻨﻔﺳﺍ کﺍﺮﺘﺷﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻗﺭﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻑﻭﺮﻌﻣ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﻭ ﺎﺑﺩﺍ یﺎﻫﺎﻀﻣﺍ ﺪﻬﻋ ﮥﻘﻴﻠﺳ ﻪﺑ یﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺍﺪﺟ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻭ .ﻡﺩﺮﭙﺳ ﺵﺭﺁ ﻡﺪﻧﺯﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺎﻫﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻡﺪﻴﻧﺎﺒﺴﭼ ﯽﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺍ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷﺯﺎﺑ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ یﺎﻀﻣﺍ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻥﺩﻭﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺮﻳﻮﺼﺗ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﯽﺘﻜﻠﻤﻣ ﯽﻤﺳﺭ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﺒﻔﻟﺍ ﯽﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓ .(608 ﺹ) «ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﻧﺎﺳﺭ ،ﻝﺎﺒﻗﺍ ﺮﻬﭼﻮﻨﻣ ﻥﻮﭼ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﻣﺍ ﻥﺎﺒﺣﺎﺻ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺯﻭﺮﻬﺑ ﺢﻴﺑﺫ ،ﺭﺎﻬﺑ یﺍﺮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻚﻠﻣ ،یﺰﻴﺧﺮﻴﻣﺍ ﻞﻴﻌﻤﺳﺍ ،یﺩﺎﺑﺁ ﺖﻟﻭﺩ ﻪﻘﻳﺪﺻ ،یﺭﻭ ﻪﺸﻴﭘ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ،ﺩﻭﺍﺩﺭﻮﭘ ﻢﻴﻫﺍﺮﺑﺍ ،ﺮﺧﺎﻓ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﺳ ،ﯽﺸﺧﺭﺫﺁ یﺪﻋﺭ ﯽﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ،ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﺸﻨﻳﺩ ۀﺩﺍﺯﺮﻫﺎﻃ ،ﺮﮕﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﯽﻠﻌﻔﻄﻟ ،ﺢﻟﺎﺻﺎﺷﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻋ ،ﺢﻟﺎﺻ ﺭﺎﻴﻬﻠﻟﺍ ﯽﻔﻄﺼﻣ ،ﯽﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﷲﺮﺼﻧ ،ﯽﻨﻏ ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ،یﻮﻠﻋ گﺭﺰﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺰﻬﺑ ،ﻦﺑﺮُﻛ یﺮﻧﺎﻫ ،ﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻥﻭﺪﻳﺮﻓ ،یﻭﺮﺴﻛ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ،ﺢﺗﺎﻓ ،ﻕﺩﺎﺻ ﻪﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻕﺪﺼﻣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﺕﺭﺎﻬﻜﻟ ﺲﻧﺭﻮﻟ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻦﺗ ﺎﻬ ﻫﺩ ﻭ ﯽﻳﺎﻤﻐﻳ ﺐﻴﺒﺣ ﻭ ﯽﺴﻴﻔﻧ ﺪﻴﻌﺳ .ﺩﺭﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ پﺎﭼ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ یﺍﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺏﺎﻳﺎﻧ ،ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻉﻮﻨﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻭ ﻕﺍﺭﻭﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺍﻩﺭﺎﭘ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ،ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺮﺘﻓﺩ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ یﺍ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ یﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﮔ ﯽﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﻧﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﻭ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﯽﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۀﺯﻮﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﯽﻳﺎﻬﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺍﻮﻃ ،ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ،ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ،ﺹﺎﺨﺷﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺱﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺎﻬﻴﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺍ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﺳ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ،ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻤﺜﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻭﺪﻟﺍ ءﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺔّﻴﻧﺎﻤﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺷ
،(ﻕ935ـ857) ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻱﺮﺒ ُﻜﺷﺎﻃ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﻳ ّﺪﻟﺍﻡﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪّﻴﺳ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺲﻠﺠﻣ ﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺯﻮﻣ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ،(ﺭﻮﺼﻨﻣ) .ﺵ1389 ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﻮﺷ
ﯽﻃﻼﻣ یﺪﻳﻮﻧ ﯽﻠﻋ
ﻥﺪﻤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑﺮﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻭ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺖّﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺝﺍﻭﺭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻬﻳﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﺗﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺐﺴﻧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﻢﻫ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻭ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ،(ﻲﻧﺎﻌﻤﺳ ﺏﺎﺴﻧﻷﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ) ،ﻥﺎﻜّﻠﺧ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻋﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻭ) ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ،(ﻱﺪﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺍﻮﻟﺍ ،ﺮﻛﺎﺷ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﻮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻌﻓﺎﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﻲﻌﻓﺎﺷ) ﺐﻫﺬﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓ ﻪﺌﻴﻀﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻫﺍﻮﺟ :ﻲﻔﻨﺣ ؛ﻲﻜﺒ ُﺳ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻴﻔﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ ﻲﻓ ﻢﺟﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺎﺗ ،ﺎﻓﻮﻟﺍ ﻲﺑﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻲﻠﻌﻳ ﻲﺑﺍ ﻦﺑ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﻲﻠﺒﻨﺣ ؛ﺎﻘﺑﻮﻠﻄﻗ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،(ﻲﻠﺒﻨﺤﻟﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻐﺒﻟﺍ ءﺍﺮﻓ :ﺮ ّﺴﻔﻣ ؛ﻪﻌﺒﻴﺻﺍ ﻲﺑﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎّﺒﻃﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﺐﻴﺒﻃ) ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﺎﻤﻜﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﻑﻮﺴﻠﻴﻓ ؛ﻲﺒﻫﺫ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺮ ّﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﺙّﺪﺤﻣ ؛ﻲﻃﻮﻴﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻔﻠﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ؛ﻱﺭﻭﺯﺮﻬﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :ﺐﻳﺩﺍ ؛ﻲﺒﻫﺫ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻴﺛّﺪﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ
ءﺍّﺮُﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﺒﻃ :ﻱﺭﺎﻗ ؛ﻱﻮﻤﺣ ﺕﻮﻗﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﺑﺩﻷﺍ ﻢﺠﻌﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺒﻧﺍ (... ﻭ ﺭﻼﺳ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻒﺳﻮﻳ ﻦﺑ ﺏﺎّﻫﻮﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺧﺄﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﺖّﻨﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﺱﺭﺪﻣ ﻲﻠﻋﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺩﻷﺍ ﺔﻧﺎﺤﻳﺭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁﺭﺩ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ (81 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺎﺗ 1304 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﻴﻓﻭ) ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻩﺭﺩﺎﻧ ﺯﺍ .ﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺭﺎﺸﻓﺍ ﺝﺮﻳﺍ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻩﺪﻧﺯ ﻱﺮﺒﻜﺷﺎﻃ ﻲﮔﺪﻧﺯ ﻦﺑ ﻲﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﺼﻣ ﻦﺑﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﺮﻴﺨﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺎﺼﻋ ﻞﺻﻷﺍ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ «ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻱﺮﺒُﻜﺷﺎﻃ» ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺧ ﺕﺎﻳﻻﻭ ﺯﺍ ،ﻱﺮﺒﻜﺷﺎﻃ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺴﺘﻨﻣ ،ﻢﻫﺩ ﻥﺮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﺳﻭﺮﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻕ901 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﻟﻮﺗﺎﻧﺁ ﻲﻧﻮﻤﻄﺴﻗ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭ .ﺪﻣﺁ ﺎﻴﻧﺩ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻛﺎﻴﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ «ﺎﻔﺻ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ» ﺯﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﻼﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻮﻐﻣ ﮥﻨﺘﻓ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ (411 ﺹ) ﺩﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺍ .ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺨﻳﺮﮔ ﻡﻭﺭ ﺩﻼﺑ ِﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻢﺠﻋ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻃﻮﺴﺒﻣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺵﺭﺪﭘ ﻭ ﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ (477ـ471 ﺺﺻ) ﺩﻮﺧ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻞﻳﺫ ﻭ ﻪﻗﻮﺘﻤﻳﺩ ،ﻭﺮﺴﺧ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ،ﺎﺳﻭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﻭ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﻞﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺴﺣ ﺝﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ﮥﻴﻗﺎﺤﺳﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﺳﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ،ﺕﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﺯﺍ ﮥﺳﺭﺪﻣ ،ﻱﺎﺷﺎﭘ ﻲﻔﻄﺼﻣ ﮥﺳﺭﺪﻣ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺧﺭﺪﻨﻠﻗ ،ﺏﻮﻜﺳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺧ ﺪﻳﺰﻳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ
ِﺯّﺮﺒﻣ ﻥﺍﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ِﺩﺰﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺐﺘﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻱﻭ ،(ﺶﻳﻮﻤﻋ) ﻢﺳﺎﻗ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﻮﻗ ،ﺵﺭﺪﭘ ﻥﻮﭼ ،ﻥﺍﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻣﻭﺭ ۀﺩﺍﺯ ﻲﺿﺎﻗ ،ﻱﻮﺟﻮﻘﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺎﻨﻔﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻴﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺱﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺴﻧﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،ﻲﺒﻠﭼ ﻡﺮﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻠﻐﺸﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ،ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺰﺠﺑ.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﻕ952 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻱﺮﺒﻜﺷﺎﻃ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺮﻤﻋ ﺵﺩﻮﺧ ﻝﻮﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ .(476 ﺹ) (!ﺭﺎﻤﻋﻷﺍ ﺔﻌﻴﺿ ﺎﻴﻓ) ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻒﻠﺗ ﻪﻴﻨﻄﻨﻄﺴﻗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ِﺐﺼﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ًﺍﺩّﺪﺠﻣ ﻕ958 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻢﺸﭼ ﮥﺿﺭﺎﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻕ961 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﺷ ﺏﻮﺼﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﻮﻛ ِﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺎﻬﻫﺎﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﭼﺩ .ﺪﺷ ﻭﺍ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ۀﻮﻴﺷ ﻭ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ِﺵﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ۀﺰﻴﮕﻧﺍ ﻱﺮﺒﻜﺷﺎﻃ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ِﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺪﻳﺪﺷ ِﻞﻴﻣ ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﻦﻴﻨﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ِﺱﺮﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ِﺭﺎﺒﺧﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ِﻝﺍﻮﺣﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻭ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﺑ ِﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻤﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻢﺳﺍ ،ﻪﻄﺧ ﻦﻳﺍ ِﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ِﻝﺍﻮﺣﺍ ﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﮔﺭﺰﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ِِﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺬﻟ .ﺪَﻧﺎﻤﻧ ﻭ ﻡﻭﺭ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ِﺐﻗﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺪﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻌﺘﺳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺶﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺪﻨﻤﺟﺭﺍ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺔّﻴﻧﺎﻤﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﻖﺋﺎﻘﺷ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺻ ﻱﺎﻴﺳﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺴﻳﻮﻧ ،ﺩﻮﺑﻲﻤﻧ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ِﺪﻳﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻴﻈﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﻗﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﺷﻮﮔ .ﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻝﺎﺟﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺕﻮﻓ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻛﺮﻫ ِﺮﺻﺎﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ِﺏﺎﺘﻛ ،ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻴﻧ ﻥﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ ﺏﺎﺑ ﻩﺩ ﺮﺑ .(ﻕ926)ﻲﻧﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻥﺎﻤﻴﻠﺳ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﺎﺗ (ﻕ699)ﻝﺮﻐﻃﺭﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﻏ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻟﺎﺳﺪﺼﻴﺳ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻚﻳ ًﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ۀﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣ ِﺕﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ِﻲﻤﻛ ِﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣﺮﺑﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺒﺗ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ِﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ۀﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻳﺯ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻒﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻴﺳ ﻱﺎﻗﺁ ﺏﺎﻨﺟ .ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻥﺁ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ِﻝﻮﻳﺫ ﻩﺩﺰﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻬﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ﻢﻛ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﮕﻧ ِﻞﻳﺫ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺐﻟﺎﺟ ﺕﺎﻜﻧ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻣﺯﺮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ِﻡﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ
.ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ چﻮﻛ ﺮﻴﻐﺻ ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺭﺩﺎﻣ ﻱﺍ ﻲﻣﺎﺳﺍ ؛ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺜﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﻗ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺒﺼﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ ﺕﺎﻔﻴﻟﺄﺗ ﮥﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﻪﺑ ،ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﻣ ِﻥﺍﺪﻨﻣ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ
.ﺖﺳﺎﻨﺷﺁﺎﻧ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ،ﻩﺯﻮﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺪﺻ ﺪﻨﭼ ِﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ـ ﺵﻮﭘﻦﻴﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻣﺎﻧ ؛ﺩﻮﺑ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ
. ... ﻭ (376 ﺵ) ﻥﺎﻨﺳﻪﺘﺧﻮﺳ ،(25 ﺵ) ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷﺩﺎﻳ ِﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ۀﺪﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ
ﺎﻀﻗ ﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻓﻮﺻ ﻱﺎﻬﺸﻳﺍﺮﮔ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻝﺎﻐﺘﺷﺍ ﺎﺳﺭﻮﺑ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻳﻭﺍﺯ ﻭ ﺦﻳﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﻈﻋ ﺕﻭﺮﺛ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ـ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻟﺎﺑ ﻩﺩَﺍ ﺎﻧﻻﻮﻣ :ﻚﻧ) ﻥﺎﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ
.((ﻕ726 ﺩ) :ﺪﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺒﻜﺷﺎﻃ .ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ﻲﺼﺨﺷ ﺕﺍﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ـ ﻩﺮﻗ» ﺩﻮﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍءﻼﻋ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﺎﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻠﺠﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﻳﺩ ﺍﺭ (ﻕ800 ﺩ) «ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻬﺷ ﮥﻠﺴﻠﺴﻣ ﮥﺳﺭﺪﻣ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﺟ ﮥﺘﻜﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻁﺮﺷ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺑ .ﻥﺎﻣﺍﺮﻗ ﺡﺎﺤﺻ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺎﺷ .ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻆﻔﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﻫﻮﺟ ﻲﻧﺩﺍ ﮥﻘﺒﻃ :ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻦﻴﺋﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻣ ﻩﺮﻬﺑ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺍﺭ ﻕﺍﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻂﺳﻭﺍ ﮥﻘﺒﻃ ،ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﻦﻴﻗﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺖﻧﻮﻜﺳ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻲﻠﻋﺍ ﮥﻘﺒﻃ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ .ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ؛ﻦﺘﺳﺍﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ِﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗ ۀﺭﻭﺩ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ـ ِﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺯﺍﺮﻴﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻴﻣﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺯﻭ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ِﺖﺳﺍﻮﺧﺭﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺩ ﺕﺭﺎﻏ ﻥﺁ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﺟﺮﺟ ﻒﻳﺮﺷ ﺪﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺵﺍ ﻪﻧﺎﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻤﻴﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻣﺍ ﻱﺭﺰﺠﻟﺍ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺨﻟﺍﻮﺑﺍ ﺦﻴﺷ ،39 ﺵ :ﻚﻧ) ﺪﻨﺘﺨﻳﻭﺁ .((ﻕ833ـ751) ﺔﻣﺎّﻤﻋ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻛﺰﻴﻨﻛ ﮓﻧﺭ ﻲﻳﻼﻃ ِﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﻫﻼﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ـ
.(28 ﺹ) ﺦﻳﺎﺸﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻢﺟﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ،ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺣ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻱﺎﻨﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻟﺆﻣ ـ ﺪﻤﺣﺍ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﻥﺎﻫﺮﺑ ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻞﻳﺫ ًﻼﺜﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ ﻦﺑﺍ ﻪﻨﻣﺎﻜﻟﺍ ﺭﺭّﺪﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﻟﺎﻄﻣ (ﻕ800 ﺩ) ﻲﺳﺍﻮﻴﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻞﻘﻧ ﺮﺠﺣ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ،ﻱﺩﺮﮔﺎﺷ ﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﮥﻄﺑﺍﺭ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ـ ﻲﻣﺎﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﺬﻤﻠﺗ ﻭ ﺲﻳﺭﺪﺗ ﺖﻨﺳ ﺮﺑ
.ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻄﻠﺳ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺴﻴﻨﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ ﻪﺳﺭﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻛ ﺢﺘﻓ ﺍﺭ ﮥﻴﻨﻄﻨﻄﺴﻗ ﺢﺗﺎﻓ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
.(91 ﺵ) ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ :ﻲﺳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍءﻼﻋ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻲﺘﻴﺑ ﻞﻘﻧ ـ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﺯ ﻱﺪﻧﺭ ﻭ ﻲﺋﺍﺪﮔ ﻻﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﭼ ﺮﻫ ﺯ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ِﺖﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﺩ
89 ﺵ
ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺢﻠﺼﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ :ﺱﻭﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺪﻴﻌﻣ ﻡﺎﻧ ﺮﺑ ﻉﻼﻃﺍ ـ ﻲﻟﺎﻴﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻬﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﺷ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ
.(86 ﺵ) ﺵ) ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﻫﺎﻇ ِﺕﺄﻴﻫ ﻭ ﻞﻜﺷ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ـ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﺣﻭﺭ ،(ﺶﻳﺭ ،117 ،108 ﺵ ،ﺪﻗ ِﻲﻫﺎﺗﻮﻛ ،86 ﻭ (ﻲﺴﻳﻮﻧﺪﻨﺗ ،97 ﺵ) ﺖﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ،ﻥﺎﺸﺗﺎﻴﻘﻠﺧ ،94 ،40 ﺵ) ﺩﺍﺮﻓﺍ ﻂﺧ ،ﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻀﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺕﺪﻣ .(117 ،97 ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﺍ ﻭ ﻞﺋﺎﺳﺭ ﻭ ﺐﺘﻛ ،ﻡﻼﻋﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺎﻬﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ
.ﺪﺳﺭ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ پﺎﭼ ﻦﻳﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺎﻜﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺸﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ پﺎﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺎﻣﺍ .ﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﻱﺎﻗﺁ ﺏﺎﻨﺟ ﺖﻳﺎﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻨﺘﻔﮔ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ِﺹﻮﺼﺧ «چ ،گ ،ژ ،پ» ﻑﻭﺮﺣ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺒﺿ ِﻲﻧﻮﮕﻤﻫﺎﻧ ﻱﺪﺣﺍﻭ ۀﻮﻴﺷ ﻂﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﮕﻤﻫ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻳﺎﺑ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﮕﻧﺎﮔﻭﺩ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﮥﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺧ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺫﺎﺨﺗﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ .ﺪﻨﻜﻧ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻄﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺎﮔ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺸﻧ ﻡﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،(304ﺹ) ﺮﻴﮕﻧﺎﻬﺟ :ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺍﺮﭼ ،ﻢﻠﻋ ﻢﺳﺍ ﺰﻴﻜﻨﺟ ،(74ﺹ) ﻥﺎﮕﻳ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ،(304ﺹ) ﻲﻧﺍﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻲﻟﻮﻣ ﺹ) ﻲﺠﺷﻮﻗ :ﺎﻬﻤﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ چ ﻂﺒﺿ ﺎﻳ ؛(118 ﺹ) ﻥﺎﺧ ؛(237 ﺹ) ﻪﻔﻴﻠﺧ ﻲﺒﻠﭼ ،(278ﺹ) ﻩﺩﺍﺯ ﻱﻮﭼ ،(289 ﺪﻧﻮﺴﭘ ِﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ِﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ (397ﺹ) «ﻲﭽﺷﺁ» ًﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻂﺒﺿ «ﻲﺠﺷﻮﻗ» ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﭽﺷﻮﻗ ﺎﺑ «ﻲﭼ»
.ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ِﺕﺎﻤﺣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻱﻭﺭ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ یﺎﻴﺣﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺋﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻱﺎﻗﺁ ﺏﺎﻨﺟ ،ﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺖﺳﻭﺩ
.ﺪﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﺰﻳﺰﻋ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ
ِﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ،(ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ) ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ .2009 ،(ﺪﺋﻮﺳ) ﻻﺎﺴﭘﻭﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﻮﻳﺭﺍﺩ
Ardāy-Vīrāf Nāma: Iranian Conceptions of the Other World, Dariush Kargar, Upsala, 2009.
ﯽﻣﺍﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﻜﺴﻋ
/ﺯﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺎﺗ/ﺩﺭﺍ :ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ،ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﺎﻳ) ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺩﺰﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﯽﻣﺍﺮﮔ ﺯﺍ ،(ﮓَﻣ/ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ یﺩﺮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﺣﻭﺭ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ یﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻥﺪﻴﺷﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻦﺗ ﻭﺩ ﯽﻧﻮﻤﻨﻫﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﯽﻣ ﻭﺮﻓ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﺩﺰﻣﺭﻭﺍ یﺍﺮﻴﻣﺎﻧ ﻡﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺩ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭﺬﮔ ﯽﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻛﺩﺎﺷ ﻭ ﯽﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺍ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻜﻴﻟ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﺳﺭﺎﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﻣﺩﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺞﻧﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻭﺭ ﯽﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﯽﻳﺎﺟ ﺭﺎﻛﺪﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻭﺭ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺏﺍﺬﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻦﻴﻣﻮﺳ ،ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍﺮﺳ ﻭ .ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺷﺪﺑ ﻭ ﻚﻴﻧ ﺭﺍﺩﺮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﯽﻣ ،ﺩﺰﻴﺧ ﯽﻣﺮﺑ ﺏﺍﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﯽﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻥﺎﮕﻤﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻨﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺵﺮﻔﺳ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﺳ ﻪﭼ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻥﺍﺪﺑ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﮥﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﺵﺍ ﯽﻳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻊﻣﺍﻮﺟ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﻴﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ،ﻢﻳﺪﻗ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﺠﮔ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻜﺴﻨﺳ ،ﺪﻧﺯﺎﭘ ،یﻮﻠﻬﭘ :ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ
ﻭ ،(ﺭﻮﺜﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ) ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ .(ﺭﻮﺜﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ) ﻮﻧ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﺠﮔ ﺯﺍ) ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﮥﻴﻬﺗ ﺎﺑ پﻮﭘ .ﺁ .ﺝ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ (.... ﻭ ﯽﺗﺍﺮﺠﮔ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ یﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ یﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻡ1816 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﮥﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﮕﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺁ ﯽﭘ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻴﻧﺎﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﯽﻘﻴﺒﻄﺗ یﺎﻬﻴﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺁ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ،ﻦﺘﻣ یﺎﻬﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ .ﺪﻨﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﮥﻫﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺭﺩ پﺎﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ (یﻮﻠﻬﭘ /ﻪﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ) ﮓﻴﺳﺭﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻥﺁ ﻡﻮﻈﻨﻣ یﺎﻬﺘﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻜﻳ ،ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﻭﺰﻓﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺭﺎﺘﻔﮕﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ یﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ،ﻪﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻚﻳ یﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ،ﺰﻴﻧ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ پﺎﭼ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ۀﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻩﺯﺎﺗ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﺵﻮﻳﺭﺍﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺭﺩ یﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﮥﻟﺎﺳﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡ2009 ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻉﺎﻓﺩ ﺪﺋﻮﺳ یﻻﺎﺴﭘﻭﺍ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺸﺘﻧﺍ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ یﺎﻫﺭﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ یﺍ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﯽﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻝﺎﻤﺟﺍ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺩﺎﻳ ﮥﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺭﺩ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ :ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺘﺳﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﮥﻴﻬﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺭﻮﺜﻨﻣ ﻦﺘﻣ :ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻩﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﯽﻠﻛ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺩ یﺍ ﻪﭼﺎﺒﻳﺩ ﺖﺴﺨﻧ ﻞﺼﻓ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺯﺍ یﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻡﺎﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻭﺍ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻬﺗﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﻮﻣﺍﺮﻴﭘ یﺎﻬﺜﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ،ﺵﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﯽﻠﺼﻔﻣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ﺮﺘﻛﺩ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺚﺤﺑ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻭ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ یﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺷﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺁ ۀﺪﻴﻜﭼ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺒﺧ ،ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ یﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺑﺮﻋ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺟﺍ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻢﻫ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ یﺎﻫﺭﻭﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ یﺎﻬﻨﻳﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺕﺎﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﻩﺎﮔﺪﻳﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﯽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻭ ﯽﻨﻳﺩ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻣ یﺎﻬﻨﺘﻣ ﮥﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ،ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ ،ﺕﺎﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻴﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﯽﺑﺩﺍ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻞﺼﻓ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ یﺎﻬﺸﻫﻭﮋﭘ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ
ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ یﺎﻬﺘﺷﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩ ﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻢﺠﻨﭘ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺖﺷﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩ ﻩﺩﺯﺍﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ یﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﮥﻴﻬﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩ ﺶﺷ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ،یﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﺩﻮﺧ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻥﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺖﺳﺍ
یﺎﻬﻠﻌﻓ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ) ﻦﺘﻣ یﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ،ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺍﺭ (ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ یﺭﻮﺘﺳﺩ یﺎﻬﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻭ ﻦﻬﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ یﺎﻬﺘﺷﻮﻨﺘﺳﺩ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﻩﺮﺠﺷ ﻢﻫ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﺍﺭ ﺢﻴﺤﺼﺗ ﮥﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﯽﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻢﺸﺷ ﻞﺼﻓ ،ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﮥﺘﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ
ﯽﻜﻳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻥﺍﺩﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﻠﺻﺍ یﺎﻬﻧﺎﺑﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻩژﺍﻭ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﻭ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﻔﻫ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻭ ،ﺎﻬﻨﻴﻳﺁ ،ﯽﻨﻳﺩ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ ،ﻦﺘﻣ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﻛﺫ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﻭ یﺍ ﻩﺭﻮﻄﺳﺍ یﺎﻫ ﻩﺮﻬﭼ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺷﻮﻛ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ﻢﺘﺸﻫ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺭﺩ.ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺜﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺪﺠﻨﺴﺑ ﻥﺁ یﻮﻠﻬﭘ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﻜﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ یﺎﻬﺸﺨﺑ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﻳﺎﻬﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ یﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ﻞﺼﻔﻣ ﯽﻜﻳ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻬﻧ ﻞﺼﻓ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﺍﺭ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺩﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ یﺮﻈﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ یﻮﻠﻬﭘ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺶﻴﭘ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺘﺳﺎﺧ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ یﺎﻬﺘﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ یﺎﻬﺗﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ .ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﯽﮕﻨﻳﺮﻳﺩ ،یﻮﻠﻬﭘ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺯﺍ یﺪﻫﺍﻮﺷ ﮥﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷﻮﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭﺍ .ﺪﻫﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳﺍ ﯽﺘﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ ،ﺖﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ ﯽﻧﺍﺮﻳﺍ ﮥﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻦﻬﻛ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻦﻤﺷ یﺩﺮﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺘﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺻﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺮﻔﺳ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻮﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﻳﺩﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺣ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ یﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ ،ﯽﺳﺎﻤﺣ .ﺖﺴﺟﺯﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺸﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻴﭘ ﯽﺜﺤﺑ ﺮﮔﺭﺎﻛ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺱﻮﻧﺍﻭَﺩ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﺯﺎﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ .ﺪﻨﻛ ﯽﻣ ﺭﺍﺪﻳﺩ ﻭﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻥﺎﻬﺟ یﺎﻬﺜﺤﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻥﺁ ﯽﺘﺴﻴﻛ ﻭ ﻡﺎﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ۀﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺩﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ ﻭ ﯽﺘﺷﺩﺭﺯ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ،ﯽﺑﺮﻋ یﺎﻬﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺎﺠﻨﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺘﺴﺨﻧ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﯽﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ .ﯽﺸﻨﻣﺎﺨﻫ ﻩﺎﺷﺩﺎﭘ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺵﻮﻳﺭﺍﺩ ﺰﺟ ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﯽﺴﻛ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﺖﺳﺮﻬﻓ ،ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻑﺍﺮﻳﻭ یﺍﺩﺭﺍ یﺩﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺢﺤﺼﻣ ۀﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﯽﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺏﺎﺘﻛ ﺖﺳﺍﺭ یﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻫ ﯽﺳﺭﺎﻓ ﻭ ﺕﺎﺣﻼﻄﺻﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ژﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ ﯽﺘﺳﺮﻬﻓ ﻢﻫ ﻥﺁ ﯽﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺝﺭﺩ ﻦﺘﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ یﺎﻬﻠﻌﻓ
