ﻪﻠﺠﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ يزار ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ هرود
،19 هرﺎﻤﺷ
،99 رﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ 1391
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
،ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ﻚﻳ
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ وﺖﺳاﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ
ﺖـﺷاﺪﻬﺑﻲﻧﺎﻬﺟنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ شراﺰﮔ WHO)
( زاﺶﻴـﺑ
30 ﺮــﻳزنﺎــﻛدﻮﻛ % ﺪــﺷرلﻼﺘــﺧا رﺎــﭼد لﺎــﺳ5
ﻲﻣ داﺪﻌﺗﻦﻳازاﻪﻛﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ 80
نآ % ﺪـﺷر ﺶﻫﺎـﻛﺎﻫ
وﺪﻧراديﺪﻗ 20
نآ % ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣنزوﻢﻛ ﺎﻫ )
1 .(
ﺎـﺑ
ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘـﺧا عﻮﻴﺷ ،هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ طﺎــﻘﻧﺮﻳﺎــﺳزاﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑمﻮــﺳنﺎــﻬﺟيﺎﻫرﻮــﺸﻛرد ﻲـﻜﻳﺰﻴﻓﺪـﺷر ﺎﻫرﻮـﺸﻛ ﻦﻳاﺮﺜﻛا رد وﺖﺳا نﺎﻬﺟ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ نادازﻮﻧ ونﺎﻛدﻮﻛ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳازا ﺮﺗ ﻲـﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﻦﻴﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳﺮـﺧآ ردﻪـﻨﻴﻣز ﻦـﻳاردﻪـﻛيا
ناﺮﻳا رﻮﺸﻛ نﺎﺑآ)
لﺎﺳ هﺎﻣ 1377
ﮔ ترﻮـﺻ ( ﺖـﻓﺮ
ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ نآهﺪﻨﻫد نﺎﺸﻧ 8
/ 12 % ﺮـﻳزنﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ زا 5
،يﺪـﻗ هﺎـﺗﻮﻛرﺎـﭼدلﺎﺳ 7
/ 13 % ﻲـﻧزوﻢـﻛرﺎـﭼد
و ﺪﻳﺪـﺷ وﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 8
/ 4 نآ % يﺮـﻏﻻ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺒﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﺘﻓرﻻﺎـﺑ ﺎـﺑﺪـﻟﻮﺗوﺪﺑزاﻲﻧزوﻢﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا،ﻦﺳ رد ﻪﻛيرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
2 ﻪـﺑ ﻲﮕﻟﺎﺳ
ناﺰﻴﻣﻲﻨﻌﻳدﻮﺧ جوا ﻲﻣ
ﺪﺳر ﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮ
دﻮﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد يﺮﻫﻮﮔﺎﺿر
دﺎﺘﺳا: رﺎﻳ و ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ
،رﺎﻣآ عﻼﻃاوﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺰﻛﺮﻣ،ﻲﺿﺎﻳرورﺎﻣآهوﺮﮔ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﻲﻧﺎﺳر
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ
ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ،ناﺮﻬﺗ .
ﻲﺤﻟﺎﺻدﻮﻌﺴﻣﺮﺘﻛد رﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا:
و ﺺﺼﺨﺘﻣ
،رﺎﻣآ ﮔ عﻼﻃاوﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﺿﺎﻳرورﺎﻣآهوﺮ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﻲﻧﺎﺳر
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ ناﺮﻬﺗ
، ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ .
[email protected] :يﺮﻳازﺪﻳﺮﻓﺮﺘﻛد
،ﻲﺘﺸﻬﺑﺪﻴﻬﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘاﺮﻴﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﺘﺴﻳزرﺎﻣآهوﺮﮔرﺎﻳدﺎﺘﺳا ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ
ﻲﻣﺪﻘﻣﺐﻨﻳز ﺮﻓ
عﻼﻃاوﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣهﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﺘﺴﻳزرﺎﻣآﺪﺷراسﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ: هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﻲﻧﺎﺳر
ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ
،ناﺮﻬﺗ ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ . [email protected]
يﺪﻠﺧﺪﻴﻫﺎﻧ
،ﺪﻫﺎﺷهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘهﺪﻜﺸﻧادﻲﻤﻠﻋتﺎﻴﻫ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗردﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑمﻮﻠﻋﺪﺷراسﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ: ﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ
ناﺮ . [email protected]
ﻲﺑﺎﻫوﻢﻴﺴﻧ * عﻼﻃاوﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ،ﻲﺘﺴﻳزرﺎﻣآﺪﺷراسﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ:
هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘﻲﻧﺎﺳر ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘمﻮﻠﻋ
،ناﺮﻬﺗ ناﺮﻳا،ناﺮﻬﺗ لﻮﺌﺴﻣﻒﻟﻮﻣ*)
.(
ﺮﻳز نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رد ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ تاﺮﺛا لﺪﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﻬﺗ قﺮﺷ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ لﺎﺳ 2
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﻪﻨﻴﻣز و فﺪﻫ ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا: )
Failure To Thrive-FTT كدﻮﻛﺪﺷرردﻒﻗﻮﺗﺎﻳﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ،(
ضراﻮـﻋزوﺮـﺑﺚـﻋﺎﺑلﻼﺘـﺧاﻦـﻳاﻪـﺑﻲﮔﺪﻴـﺳرمﺪﻋوﺖﺳا
يﺪﺟ دﻮﺷﻲﻣﻲﻤﺴﺟﺎﻳﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ،ﻲﻨﻫذﺖﻴﻟﻮﻠﻌﻣوﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎﻧ ويﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛ،ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣيﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺮﻳﺎﺳﺶﻳاﺰﻓا،ﺮﻴﻣوگﺮﻣنﻮﭽﻤﻫيﺮﺗ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .
ﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳاردنﺎﻛدﻮﻛهﺪﻨﻳآردﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧايﺪﺟضراﻮﻋ دﻮﺷﻲﻣﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘنﺎﻛدﻮﻛﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧازوﺮﺑرد
.
شور رﺎﻛ ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ: داﺪﻌﺗﻪﻛﺪﻧدﻮﺑناﺮﻬﺗقﺮﺷﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺰﻛاﺮﻣﻪﺑهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣلﺎﺳ2
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧشورزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑكدﻮﻛ1660 يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣوديا يرﺎﻤﻴﺑمﺪﻋزاﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋﻪﻛدورويﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑويا صﺎﺧيﺎﻫ
،ﻲﻧﺎﻣردﺰﻛاﺮﻣﻪﺑﻢﻈﻨﻣﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣوﺪﻟﻮﺗمﺎﮕﻨﻫ بﺎـﺨﺘﻧاﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻧوﺮﭘزاﻲﮔﺪﻧزلوالﺎﺳودتﺎﻋﻼﻃايروآﻊﻤﺟزاﺲﭘ . راﺰﻓامﺮﻧزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋ،نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻦﻳايﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرلﺪﻣوSAS
ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗوﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗدرﻮﻣﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗتاﺮﺛا .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ: ) رﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا± ﺮﺑاﺮﺑﺪﻟﻮﺗنﺎﻣزردناردﺎﻣﻦﺳ (
46 / 5
± 3 /
،دﻮﺑ27 86 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ1428 نآناردﺎﻣزا ( وﺪﻧدﻮﺑرادﻪﻧﺎﺧﺎﻫ
46 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ764 نآ (
ﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا±)ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .(p=0/290 )ﺖﺷاﺪﻧدﻮﺟوﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاوردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑيرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻄﺑارﻲﻟوﺪﻨﺘﺷادﻢﻠﭙﻳدﺢﻄﺳزاﺮﺗﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻲﺗﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ (
نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﺪﻟﻮﺗمﺎﮕﻨﻫنزو 03
/ 463
± ﻪﻛدﻮﺑمﺮﮔ3202 1 / 5 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ85 نآ ( نزوﻢﻛﺎﻫ زاﺮﺘﻤﻛ)
مﺮﮔ2500 وﺪﻧدﻮﺑهﺪﻣآﺎﻴﻧدﻪﺑ ( 1
/ 68 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ1130 نﺎﻛدﻮﻛزا (
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهﺪﺷﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧارﺎﭼدﻲﻧﺎﻣزهرودﻚﻳردﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ناﺪﻧد،ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗويرارداﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ،لﺎﻬﺳاﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑا.
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺮﻳﺎﺳوردﺎﻣﺮﻴﺷﻊﻄﻗ،ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ،ندروآرد ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷادكدﻮﻛﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧادﺎﺠﻳارديرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
05 / 0
<
( p نآنﺎﻴﻣزاﻪﻛ ءﺰـﺟﺲﻧﺎـﻳراو،دﻮـﺑلﺎﻬـﺳاﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑاﻞﻣﺎﻋﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣﺎﻬﺘﺨﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧراﺪﻘﻣﻦﻳﺮﺘﮔرﺰﺑﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﺰﻴﻧلﺪﻣﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ )
024 / 0
= ( p ﻳوندﻮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣهﺪﻨﻫدنﺎﺸﻧﻪﻛ ﮔﮋ
ﻲ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷيﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺑهوﻼﻋﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاردنﺎﻛدﻮﻛيدﺮﻓيﺎﻫ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛردﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاعﻮﻴﺷناﺰﻴﻣندﻮﺑﻻﺎﺑوكدﻮﻛهﺪﻨﻳآردلﻼﺘﺧاﻦﻳايﺪﺟوناواﺮﻓضراﻮﻋﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ: 2
ﻪـﺑﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳرموﺰﻟ،لﺎﺳ
ًﻼﻣﺎﻛلﻼﺘﺧاﻦﻳا دﻮﺷﻲﻣسﺎﺴﺣا
. وهدﻮـﺒﻧﻲﻓﺎـﻛنﺎـﻛدﻮﻛﺪـﺷرلﻼﺘـﺧاﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘياﺮﺑﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗﻪﺑهﺪﺷﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻞﻣاﻮﻋ،ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﺮﺛايرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو ﺮﺛﻮﻣﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧازوﺮﺑردﺰﻴﻧﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣوﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژﻞﻣاﻮﻋونﺎﻛدﻮﻛيدﺮﻓيﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا
.
هژاوﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺎﻫ
،ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا،ﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋ،ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗتاﺮﺛالﺪﻣ : كدﻮﻛ
.
ﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
4 / 10 / شﺮﻳﺬﭘﺦﻳرﺎﺗ 90 :
20 / 3 / 91
لﻼﺘﺧاﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗردﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗتاﺮﺛالﺪﻣيﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛﻪﺑ
33 ...
ردنآ راﻮﮔﺎـﻧضراﻮـﻋ و ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا يﻻﺎﺑ عﻮﻴﺷ ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣو تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ هﺪﻨﻳآ ﻲﻣسﺎﺴﺣاًﻼﻣﺎﻛﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳارد دﻮﺷ
) 2 .(
ﻪﺑ مﻮﺳﻮﻣ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ردﻒـﻗﻮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﺧﺎﺗ ،FTT
ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ردًﺎﻣﻮﻤﻋﻪﻛﺖﺳا كدﻮﻛ ﺪﺷر لﺎﺳ5
ﻦـﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻴﺳر مﺪﻋو دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لﻼﺘـﺧا
ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا نﻮـﭽﻤﻫيﺮـﺗ يﺪـﺟ ضراﻮـﻋ زوﺮﺑﺚﻋﺎﺑ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ،ﺮﻴﻣ و گﺮﻣ ،ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣيﺎـﻫ
،ﻲــﻨﻫذﺖــﻴﻟﻮﻠﻌﻣ وﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎــﻧويﺮﻴﮔدﺎــﻳﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﻲﻣﻲﻤﺴﺟﺎﻳﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ دﻮﺷ
) 3 .(
زوﺮـﺑ ردهﺪـﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻟدودﻲﻠﻛرﻮﻃﻪﺑ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣFTT
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻚﻴﻧﺎﮔرا ﻞﻴﻟﻻدزا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻛﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ دﻮـﺟو
ــﻣ ﺎــﻳدﺎــﺣ يرﺎــﻤﻴﺑﻚــﻳ ﻦﻣﺰ
ويرارداﺖــﻧﻮﻔﻋ)
ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ( يﺬـﻐﻣداﻮـﻣﻢـﺴﻴﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣﺎـﻳبﺬـﺟ ردﻪﻛ
ﻞﺧاﺪﺗ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﻨﻛ ارﻲﺘﻓﺎـﻳرد يژﺮـﻧا ﻪـﺑ زﺎـﻴﻧﺎـﻳ و
ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫد
ﻞﻳﻻدو ﻚـﻴﻧﺎﮔراﺮﻴﻏ
ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ مﺪـﻋ
ياﺬﻏ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد
،ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ،ﺎﻬﺘـﺷا ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﻦﺘـﺷاد مﺪـﻋ
ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﺶﻧاد ردﺎﻣ
اﺬـﻏﺢﻴﺤـﺻيﺎـﻫهﻮﻴﺷدرﻮﻣرد
نداد ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو لﺎﻐﺘـﺷاﺖﻴﻌﺿو وكدﻮﻛ ﻪﺑ )
5 - 3 .(
ﺪـﻫدﻲـﻣنﺎﺸﻧﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻳاردهﺪﺷمﺎﺠﻧاتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻢﻳژرويﺬﻐﻣداﻮﻣﻲﻓﺎﻛﺎﻧﺖﻓﺎﻳردﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻲﻠﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧﻮـﻔﻋ يﺎـﻫ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ،كدﻮﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧﻲﻳاﺬﻏ قﺎﻔﺗاتﺎﻌﻓدﻪﺑ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛردﻪﻛلﺎﻬﺳاوﺐﺗهﮋﻳو
زوﺮﺑ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﺪﺘﻓاﻲﻣ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣFTT
) و4 10 - 6 ( ﺶﻴـﺑ لﺎﻬﺳا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺐﻠﻏارد و
ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ نزوﺖـﻓازوﺮـﺑ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋﺮﻳﺎﺳزا ) 9،11 و 12 .(
ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ نزولﻼﺘـﺧاتﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زايرﺎﻴﺴﺑ رد وهﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ردنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ﺺﺧﺎﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘـﺧا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳازا دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ .
ﻣﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣﺮـﮕﻳد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﭼﺮﮔ ناﺰـﻴ
نآلﺎﻐﺘﺷاﺖﻴﻌﺿو،ردﺎﻣورﺪﭘتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ،ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺒﻗاﺮﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ،ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ داﺪﻌﺗ وهداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺪﻣآرد يﺎـﻫ
ﺖـﺒﻗاﺮﻣﻲﮕﻧﻮـﮕﭼ زاردﺎـﻣﻲﻣﻮـﻤﻋﺶـﻧادورﺮﻜﻣ ﻲﻣﺖﻴﻤﻫاﺰﺋﺎﺣﺰﻴﻧﺪﻧزﺮﻓزاﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 3 .(
ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو ﻲﺳرﺮﺑياﺮﺑ هداد،FTT
ترﻮـﺻﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
هزاﺪـﻧا ﻲﻟﻮﻃ رد كدﻮـﻛ ﺮـﻫو هﺪـﺷ يﺮـﻴﮔ
لﻮـﻃ
هزاﺪﻧادرﻮﻣ رﺎﺑﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻲﻣراﺮﻗ يﺮﻴﮔ
دﺮـﻴﮔ .
هدادعﻮــﻧ ﻦــﻳاﻢــﻬﻣﻲــﮔﮋﻳو وندﻮــﺒﻧﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣﺎــﻫ
نﺎـﻣزلﻮـﻃردكدﻮـﻛﻚـﻳتاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ
لﺪﻣ زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻪﻛﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣيرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ)
ﻲﻄﺧنﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرلﺪﻣ دزﺎﺳﻲﻣﻦﻜﻤﻣﺎﻧ ار (
.
هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ندﻮﺑمﻮﻠﻌﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﻳديﻮﺳ زا ﻮﻣ ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘنﺎﻜﻣا ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺑﺮﺛ رد نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ اﺮﻳز ،دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻖﻴﻗد رﻮﻃﻪﺑ
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ وﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ،ﻲـﻜﻴﺘﻧژﻞـﻣاﻮﻋﺮـﺛاوﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣلﻼﺘﺧا ﻦﻳازوﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ .
لﺪـﻣ
شورزا ﻲﻜﻳﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ تاﺮﺛاﺎﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﻮﻃ يﺎﻫهداد ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗياﺮﺑ يرﺎﻣآ هوﻼـﻋ ﻪﻛ
،تاﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ ﻦﻴــﺑﻲﮕﺘــﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﺘﻓﺮــﮔﺮــﻈﻧردﺮــﺑ ﻲــﮔﮋﻳو وهدﻮــﻤﻧلﺪــﻣ دراو ﺰــﻴﻧاريدﺮــﻓيﺎــﻫ
ﻖﻴﻗد يﺎﻫدروآﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛازايﺮﺗ
ﻪـﺑ FTT
ﻲﻣﺖﺳد ﺪﻫد
.
لﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳازافﺪﻫ ﺮـﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ردﺪﺷر 2
ﻪـﺑ هﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻪـﻌﺟاﺮﻣلﺎـﺳ
دﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ناﺮﻬﺗ قﺮﺷ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﺎـﺑنﻮﻴـﺳﺮﮔر لﺪﻣ زاه
ﺖﺳاﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ تاﺮﺛا .
شور رﺎﻛ
هداد ﺎــﻫ ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗﻦــﻳاردﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣدرﻮــﻣﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ:
ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ يﺎﻫلﺎﺳردﻪﻛﺖﺳالﺎﺳ 2
و1385
ﻪــﻌﺟاﺮﻣناﺮــﻬﺗقﺮــﺷﺖــﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺰــﻛاﺮﻣﻪــﺑ1386 هدﺮﻛ ﺪﻧا داﺪﻌﺗﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻦﻳازا . شورﻪﺑ كدﻮﻛ 1660
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺷﻮﺧيﺮﻴﮔ بﺎﺨﺘﻧاياﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ وديا
ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ .
داﺪــﻌﺗلواﻪــﻠﺣﺮﻣرد نﺎــﻴﻣ زاﺖــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺰــﻛﺮﻣ5
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣرد ﺲﭙﺳوﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧا ناﺮﻬﺗقﺮﺷ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣ ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧمود ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ،يﺮــﻴﮔ
ﻢــﺠﺣﺎــﺑﺐــﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣﺎــﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﺰﻛاﺮﻣﻦﻴﺑﺰﻛﺮﻣﺮﻫتﺎﻌﺟاﺮﻣ .
ترﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ دورو يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ زاﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻦﺳﻦﺘﺷاد :
2 ،ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣمﺎـﺠﻧامﺎﮕﻨﻫ لﺎﺳ
مﺎـﻤﺗ ﺖـﺒﺛو نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻧوﺮﭘ ندﻮﺑﻞﻣﺎﻛ مﺪـﻋ،كدﻮـﻛ ﻊـﻗﻮﻣﻪﺑ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ ،هﺪﻧوﺮﭘردمزﻻ دراﻮﻣ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻪـﻌﺟاﺮﻣ وﺪـﻟﻮﺗوﺪـﺑ رد صﺎﺧيﺎﻫ
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا
ﺎـﻫ ﺟاﺮﻣ زارﻮـﻈﻨﻣ . ﻪـﻌ
وﻲﻟاﻮـﺘﻣ هرودود ترﻮـﺻﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣمﺪﻋ،ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻳ ﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧرد
.
هداد،ﺐــﺨﺘﻨﻣﺰــﻛاﺮﻣﻪــﺑﻪــﻌﺟاﺮﻣ زاﺲــﭘ يﺎــﻫ
مﺮـﻓ رد ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷﺪـﺟاو نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ هﺪﻧوﺮﭘ رددﻮﺟﻮﻣ ياﺮـﺑ ﺲﭙـﺳ و ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔﺖﺒﺛ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗعﻼﻃا ﺖﺒﺛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗمﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷﻲﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃاﻚﻧﺎﺑدراو يرﺎﻣآيﺎﻫ
.
يﺮﻫﻮﮔﺎﺿردﻮﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد و
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ 34
لوﺪﺟ 1 ﻮﺗ- ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻲﻧاواﺮﻓﻊﻳز ﺰﻛاﺮﻣﻪﺑهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣلﺎﺳ2
ردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗﺢﻄﺳﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗﻪﺑناﺮﻬﺗقﺮﺷﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺪﺻرد
ﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑا 241
5
/ 14
ﻢﻠﭙﻳدوﻪﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ
1059 8
/ 63
ﻢﻠﭙﻳدزاﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ
360 7
/ 21
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺺﺧﺎـﺷ
ﺮـﻫياﺮـﺑ ﻦـﺳﻪـﺑ نزو
سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑوهﺪـﺷ ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ ردكدﻮﻛ ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ،ﻊﺟﺮﻣﻲﻠﻠﻤﻟاﻦﻴﺑ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ )
13 .(
زاﺮﺘﻤﻛ هﺪﺷدراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ 2
ﻪـﺑ رﺎـﻴﻌﻣفاﺮﺤﻧا
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ناﻮﻨﻋ )
14 .(
ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ردكدﻮـﻛﻚـﻳ ،قﻮـﻓهﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﻲﻣ يﺮﻴﮕﻴﭘ هرود لﻮﻃ ﻮﺗ
ﻪـﺒﺗﺮﻣﻚـﻳ زا ﺶﻴـﺑ ﺪـﻧا
دﻮﺷﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا رﺎﭼد .
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﻴﻌﻣﻪﻛﻲﻧﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ياﺮﺑ :
ر يﺎـﻫ
هﺪﻧوﺮﭘ زاﺮﻳز تﺎﻋﻼﻃا،ﺪﻧدﻮﺑارادارﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑدورو
نآ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
،ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ : ،ﺪـﻟﻮﺗمﺎـﮕﻨﻫ نزو
ردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ )
ﻢﻠﭙـﻳد،ﻢﻠﭙﻳدﺎﺗﻲﻳﺎﻤﻨﻫار ،ﻲﻳاﺪﺘﺑا
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑو مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ردﺎﻣ ﻦﺳ ،(
،ﺪﻟﻮﺗ مﺎـﮕﻨﻫ كدﻮﻛ ﻦﺳ
ﺮﻴـﺷﻊﻄﻗ مﺎﮕﻨﻫكدﻮﻛ ﻦﺳ،ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗعوﺮﺷ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زاﻚﻳﺮﻫﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاو ردﺎﻣ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ،لﺎﻬﺳا يﺎﻫ
يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻲﻣﺎـﻤﺗﻪﻛردﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺷﻊﻄﻗو ﺐﺗ،يراردا ﺎــﺗهﺪــﺷﺮــﻛذ داﺪــﻌﺗﻪــﺑﻲﮕﻫﺎــﻣ24
ﻪــﺒﺗﺮﻣ18
هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﻧﺪﻳدﺮﮔﺖﺒﺛ ويﺮﻴﮔ .
يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫشور :
هدادﻪـﻜﻨﻳا ﻪـﺑﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ يﺎـﻫ
هدادلﻼﻘﺘــﺳاطﺮــﺷوﺪﻨﺘــﺴﻫﻲﻟﻮــﻃﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺎــﻫ ﻲﻤﻧ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ
ﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗتاﺮـﺛالﺪـﻣزا ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
Random Effects Model) (
ﺮــﺛاﻲــﺳرﺮﺑﺖــﻬﺟ
ﺮﻄﺧ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ يور زﺎﺳ
ﺪﺷ . ردﻲﮕﺘـﺴﺒﻤﻫضﺮﻓ،ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗيﺎﻫﺮﺛا لﺪﻣرد
ﺦـﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻴﻣ ﺐﻳاﺮـﺿ ﻪﻠﻴـﺳوﻪـﺑ هﺪـﺷ راﺮـﻜﺗ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآ رد توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ هداد .
ﻲﻌﺑﺎـﺗناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘ،لﺪﻣ ﻦﻳارد
ضﺮـﻓياﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺐﻳاﺮﺿﺎﺑﻲﻜﻤﻛيﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣزا توﺎـﻔﺘﻣﺮﮕﻳدﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآﻚﻳ زا ﻪﻛهﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻳا . ﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪ هزاﺪـﻧا ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻃﺎـﺧ يﺮـﻴﮔ
هﺪﺸﻧ ﻧژ وﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃﻞﻣاﻮﻋزاﺞﺘﻨﻣ ﻪﻛﺖﺳا يا ﻲـﻜﻴﺘ
ﺖﺳا ﻲﻣﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺮﺛا . لﺪـﻣ ردترﻮـﺻودﻪـﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
دﻮﺷ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ زاﺖﺳاترﺎﺒﻋلﺪﻣﻦﻳاهدﺎﺳعﻮﻧ .
:
نآردﻪﻛ x
،ﺖـﺳاﻲـﻜﻤﻛﺮـﻴﻐﺘﻣ رادﺮﺑ τ
ﺮـﺛا
ﻲﻓدﺎــﺼﺗ اﺪــﺒﻣزاضﺮــﻋترﻮــﺻ ﻪــﺑﻪــﻛﺖــﺳايا
يﺎــﻫرادﺮﺑوﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺷﺮﻫﺎــﻇ لﺪــﻣردﻲﻓدﺎــﺼﺗ ﺐﻳاﺮــﺿ β )
ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮــﻈﻧردمﻮﻠﻌﻣﺎــﻧﻲــﻟوﺖــﺑﺎﺛ ( هﺪﺷ
ﺪﻧا . ناﻮـﺗﻲـﻣ τ
ونﺎـﺴﻜﻳ ﻊـﻳزﻮﺗﻊﺑﺎـﺗﺎـﺑار
ﺎــﺑ ﻢــﻫزاﻞﻘﺘــﺴﻣ E τ = °
مﻮﻠﻌﻣﺎــﻧ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎــﭘو
var τ = σ ﺖﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧرد
) 17 - 15 ( .
مﺮﻧ زاﺎﻫ هداديور مزﻻ يﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗمﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﻬﺟ راﺰﻓا ﻪﺨﺴﻧSAS
1 / ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا9 .
ﻳ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﻔﻧ 921
) 5 / 55 (%
ارﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ
و ناﺮﺘﺧد 5
/ ﺪﺻرد45 ) ﺮﻔﻧ739 ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗناﺮﺴﭘ ار (
داد ﺪﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .
±) رﺎـﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا (
رد ناردﺎـﻣ ﻦـﺳ
ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑﺪــﻟﻮﺗ نﺎــﻣز 46
/
±5 3 / 27 ،دﻮــﺑلﺎــﺳ 86
%
) 1428 ﺪﻧدﻮﺑرادﻪﻧﺎﺧ ناردﺎﻣزا ( و
46 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ764 (
نآ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد ﻢﻠﭙـﻳد ﺢﻄﺳ زا ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻲﺗﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻪــﻄﺑار،ودﻲــﺧنﻮــﻣزآﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ ﻪــﺑﻪــﺟﻮﺗﺎــﺑﻲــﻟو ﻦﻴﺑيرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧاوردﺎﻣ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗناﺰﻴﻣ
دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو )
290 / 0 p= ( ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ .
±) رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا (
نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ نزو 03
/
±463 3202 دﻮـﺑ مﺮﮔ
ﻪﻛ 1 / 5 ) % ﺮﻔﻧ85 نآ ( نزو ﻢـﻛ ﺎﻫ )
زا ﺮـﺘﻤﻛ 2500
مﺮﮔ ( ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ هﺪـﻣآ ﺎـﻴﻧد ﻪـﺑ .
ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا
لوﺪﺟردناردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﻪﺋارا1
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ .
داﺪــﻌﺗ كدﻮــﻛ1130
) 1 / 68 ﺎــﺗ (%
ﻲﮕﻫﺎــﻣ24
رﺎﭼدﻲﻧﺎﻣزهرودﻚﻳ ردﻞﻗاﺪﺣ هﺪـﺷ ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا
ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 554
كدﻮـﻛ )
4 / 33 (%
،ﻪـﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻚـﻳ 354
كدﻮــﻛ )
3 / 21
،ﻪــﺒﺗﺮﻣود (%
كدﻮــﻛ 146 )
8 / 8 (%
وﻪــﺒﺗﺮﻣﻪــﺳ كدﻮــﻛ76
) 6 / 4 وﻪــﺒﺗﺮﻣرﺎــﻬﭼ (%
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑهﺪﺷﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا رﺎﭼد ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ .
ردﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧﻦﻳا
لوﺪﺟ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدادنﺎﺸﻧ 2
. رﻮـﻃ ﻪﺑ كدﻮﻛ ﺮﻫ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 73
/ رﺎﭼد ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ 0 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ FTT
ﻮﺗ . ﻊـﻳز
يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑا ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗﻪﺑ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ يﺎـﻫ
نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ لوﺪﺟرد
ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧ3 .
ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘـﺧا ﺮـﺑﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ لﺪﻣ زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻚـﻴﻧﺎﮔراﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ،نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗﺮﺛﻮﻣ .
لﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑا ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻖـﺒﻃ
لﻼﺘﺧاﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗردﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗتاﺮﺛالﺪﻣيﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛﻪﺑ
35 ...
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﺒﺛتﺎﻌﻓدﻲﻧاواﺮﻓﻊﻳزﻮﺗ- ﺎﺗنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ
ﻲﮕﻫﺎﻣ24
ﻲﻃ يﺮﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧاﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ18
ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا ﺖﺒﺛ تﺎﻌﻓد داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺪﺻرد
دراﺪﻧ 530
9 / 31
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻚﻳ 554
4 / 33
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣود 354
3 / 21
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣﻪﺳ 146
8 / 8
ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ رﺎﻬﭼ
76 6 / 4
لوﺪﺟ 3 ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻲﻧاواﺮﻓﻊﻳزﻮﺗ- ﻪﺑﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣلﺎﺳ2
ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑاﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣيﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا دراﺪﻧ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا
دراد ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا
دراﺪﻧ لﺎﻬﺳا 4
/ 99
% 1
/ 77
%
دراد لﺎﻬﺳا 6
/ 0
% 9
/ 22
%
دراﺪﻧﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗويرارداﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ
9 / 99
% 1
/ 99
%
دراد ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ و يراردا ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ
1 / 0
% 9
/ 0
%
ﺎﻫيرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺮﻳﺎﺳﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑا
8 / 99
% 5
/ 97
%
ﺮﻳﺎﺳﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑامﺪﻋ
ﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ 2
/ 0
% 5
/ 2
%
لوﺪﺟ 4 ﺖﺨﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧوﻲﻧﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺐﻳاﺮﺿدروآﺮﺑ- ﺮﻳزنﺎﻛدﻮﻛﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧاﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋيﺎﻫ
ناﺮﻬﺗقﺮﺷﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑﺰﻛاﺮﻣﻪﺑهﺪﻨﻨﻛﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣلﺎﺳ2
*
زﺎﺳﺮﻄﺧﻞﻣﺎﻋ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔرﺐﻳﺮﺿ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳايﺎﻄﺧ نﺎﻨﻴﻤﻃاﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ
95
% ﺖﺨﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
لﺎﻬﺳاﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑا
23 / 4 148
/ 0 )
52 / 4،94 / 3 ( 71
/ 68
ويرارداﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ
ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗويراردا) (
18 / 3 434
/ 0 )
03 / 4،32 / 3 ( 04
/ 24
ندروآردناﺪﻧد
91 / 3 143
/ 0 )
19 / 4،63 / 3 ( 89
/ 49
ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ 80
/ 2 239
/ 0 )
2 / 3،33 / 2 ( 44
/ 16
ردﺎﻣﺮﻴﺷﻊﻄﻗ
87 / 3 246
/ 0 )
36 / 4،39 / 3 ( 94
/ 47
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ
61
/ 3 281
/ 0 )
16 / 4،06 / 3 ( 96
/ 36
ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗﺮﺛا 95
/ 0 063
/ 0 )
09 / 1،84 / 0 (
* ﺎﺑلوﺪﺟردهﺪﺷﺮﻛذﻞﻣاﻮﻋمﺎﻤﺗ
001 / 0 p= ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ .
) 001 / 0 p= ﻲـﺴﻔﻨﺗويرارداﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ ،( )
001 / 0 p=
،(
ندروآردناﺪــﻧد )
001 / 0 p= ﻪــﻳﺬﻐﺗ،( )
001 / 0 p=
،(
ردﺎــﻣﺮﻴــﺷﻊــﻄﻗ )
008 / 0 p= ( ﺮﻳﺎــﺳﻪــﺑﻼﺘــﺑاو
يرﺎــﻤﻴﺑ ﺎــﻫ
) 024 / 0 p= ( ﻪــﻄﺑارﺪــﺷر لﻼﺘــﺧاﺎــﺑ
ﻪﺘـﺷاد يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ )
05 /
<0 (p زوﺮـﺑ ﺎـﺑﺐـﺗ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ و
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﻄﺑارﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا )
103 / 0 p= ( .
كدﻮﻛ ﺮﻫﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣيدﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋﺮﺛا ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗياﺮﺑ نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻪـﻛﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ءﺰﺟ ﻚﻳ ،ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا زوﺮﺑرد هدوﺰـﻓالﺪـﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا يدﺮﻓﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺮﺛا هﺪﻨﻫد ﻪـﺑﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗتاﺮـﺛاﺎـﺑنﻮﻴـﺳﺮﮔر لﺪـﻣﻚﻳ وﺪﺷ هداد ﺪﺷهدادشزاﺮﺑﺎﻫ .
ﻦـﻳاشزاﺮﺑ زاﻞﺻﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ دروآﺮـﺑ ولﺪﻣ ردﻞـﻣاﻮﻋزا ﻚـﻳﺮﻫﺖـﺨﺑ
لوﺪﺟ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ ﻪﺋارا4
. ،قﻮـﻓهﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔرﺎﻛﻪﺑ لﺪﻣرد
ﺮـﺛاﺲﻧﺎـﻳراو
ﺮــﺑاﺮﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎــﺼﺗ 004
/ ﺮــﻈﻧزاﻪــﻛهﺪــﺷﻪﺒــﺳﺎﺤﻣ0
ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ يرﺎﻣآ )
001 / 0 p= ( . ﺮـﮕﻳد ترﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ
ﻲﮔﮋﻳو زوﺮـﺑ رد نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ ﻲـﻜﻴﺘﻧژ ﺎـﻳ يدﺮـﻓ يﺎـﻫ ياراد ﻪـﻛﻲﻛدﻮـﻛودوﺖـﺳا ﺮﺛﻮـﻣﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا
ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ يﺎـﻫيرﺎـﻤﻴﺑﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑا وياﻪـﻳﺬﻐﺗﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ لﻼﺘـﺧاﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاردﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣرﺎﺘﻓر ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺪﻧراد ﺪﺷر .
ﻦﻴـﺑ رد ﺖﺨﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ
ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ويا
لﺎﻬﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ،ﺎﻫ
نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘـﺧازوﺮـﺑردارﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاد .
ﺚﺤﺑ ﺘﻧو ﻴ ﻪﺠ ﮔﻴ ﺮ ي
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛﺮﺿﺎﺣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردهﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧاﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ تاﺮـﺛا نﻮﻴـﺳﺮﮔر لﺪـﻣ زاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
و زﺎـﺳﺮﻄﺧ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋﻪـﻄﺑار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺖـﺧادﺮﭘ FTT
زاردﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺷﻊﻄﻗو لﺎﻬﺳاﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ
ﻦﻳﺮـﺗ
ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا زوﺮﺑ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻦﻴﺘﺳا .
ﺰﻴﻧ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو ﺮﻜﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻴﻛﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻚﻳ رد
يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ ﺪـﺷر وﻪـﻳﺬﻐﺗ ،ﺎـﻫ 5
ﺎـﺗ 18 هﺎـﻣ
ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ لﺪﻣزا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﺑﻪﻄﺑارﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ياﺮﺑوﺪﻧا
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ تاﺮﺛاﺎﺑ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر .
ﻦـﻳا رد
تاﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ كدﻮـﻛ نزو
ﺖﺳا . نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫزورﺪﺻرد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳارد
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ لﺎﻬﺳا وﺐﺗ رﺎﭼد 11
و % 8 %
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ .
،ﺐـﺗهﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد ﻪـﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻪـﺑ كدﻮـﻛﻂـﺳﻮﺗﻲﺘﻓﺎـﻳرد يژﺮﻧاناﺰﻴﻣولﺎﻬﺳا و ﺪـﻧراد ﻪـﻄﺑار نزو تاﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎـﺑيرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ
يﺮﻫﻮﮔﺎﺿردﻮﻤﺤﻣﺮﺘﻛد و
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ 36
ﭼدنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫزور ﺪﺻرد ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ لﺎﻬـﺳا رﺎ
بﺬـﺟ يژﺮـﻧا ناﺰـﻴﻣﺎـﺑ ﻲﺘﺒﺜﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺐﺗو درادمﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛﻚﻳﺮﻫيازا ﻪﺑهﺪﺷ .
ﻪـﺳﺮﻫهوﻼﻋﻪﺑ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷادلﺪﻣرديرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﺐﻳاﺮﺿﻻﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ .
هزاﺪﻧايﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﺮﺛا ﺎﻳو ﻲﻠﺼﻓتاﺮﺛا هﺪﺸﻧيﺮﻴﮔ
ـﻴﻧ ﺰ راﺮــﻗﻲـﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮـﻣلﺪـﻣﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗﺶـﺨﺑرد
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪﻧا . ﻣﺰـﻴﻧﺖﻴـﺴﻨﺟ وﻦـﺳ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ رادﺎـﻨﻌ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ . ردﺰـﻴﻧ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴـﺑ ودﻪـﺑود ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮـﺛا
ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ،ﻲﻠﺻاتاﺮﺛا رﻮﻀﺣ .
ﻪـﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧﻖﺒﻃ
ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ رﻮـﻀﺣردلﺪـﻣ زاﺐـﺗ فﺬـﺣ هﺪـﻣآﺖﺳد رﻮـﻀﺣردلﺪـﻣ زا لﺎﻬـﺳافﺪﺣ ﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ درادنزو ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓايور يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﻞﻣاﻮﻋﺮﻳﺎﺳ .
ﺎﺸﻧ لﺪﻣ زاهﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧرد هﺪﻨﻫد ن
فﺬـﺣﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ دﻮﺒﻬﺑﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ نآ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧاﺶﻫﺎﻛ رديﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﺐﺗ ولﺎﻬﺳا ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮــﺳ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎــﻨﺑودراد دﻮــﺒﻬﺑﻪــﻨﻴﻣزرديراﺬــﮔ
ﺶﻫﺎﻛرديﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺮﺛاﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ درادFTT
) 5 .(
ﺪـﻧدادنﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣردﺰﻴﻧ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو يﺮﺋاز ﻢـﻬﻣزالﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاوردﺎﻣ ﺮﻴﺷ ﻊﻄﻗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻲـﻣﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘـﺧازوﺮـﺑﺮـﺑراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻳﺮﺗ ندروآرد ناﺪﻧدﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ردﻪﭼﺮﮔ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑﺖﺨﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زاﻲﻜﻳ كدﻮﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻤﻫويﺮﺋازﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ردﻲﻟو،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋﻦﻳانارﺎﻜ
زا ﺖﺳارادرﻮﺧﺮﺑيﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا )
4 .(
ﻪـﻨﻴﻣز ﻦﻴﻤﻫرددﻮﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ردﺰﻴﻧ رﻮﭘﻲﻧﺎﺴﺣا نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ نزوﺖـﻓا ردلﺎﻬﺳا ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاﻪﻛ دادنﺎﺸﻧ
ﺮﻳز 2 ﺖـﺳا رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑﻲﻳﻻﺎـﺑ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا زالﺎﺳ .
ﻪـﺑ
ﺢﻄــﺳﻦﺘــﻓرﻻﺎــﺑﺎــﺑﻪــﻛﺪــﺷهدادنﺎــﺸﻧ هوﻼــﻋ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛردنزو ﺖﻓاناﺰﻴﻣ،ردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺮـﻳز
2
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ لﺎﺳ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
) 18 .(
ﻪـﻄﺑار ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
لﻼﺘـﺧازوﺮـﺑوردﺎـﻣتﻼﻴـﺼﺤﺗﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﺑيرﺎﻣآ ﺮﻳز نﺎﻛدﻮﻛردﺪﺷر ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣلﺎﺳ2
ﻲﻟﺎﺣرد .
هدادنﺎـﺸﻧ رﻮـﺸﻛﻞـﺧادتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣزاﻲﺧﺮﺑرد ﻪﻛ وردﺎﻣ تﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑﻲﻃﺎﺒﺗرا ﻪﻛﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ ﺮﻳز ﻦﻴﻨﺳردكدﻮﻛ نزو ﺖﻓازوﺮﺑ لﺎـﺳ 2
دﻮـﺟو
نزوﺖـﻓا،ردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﺘﻓرﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﺑودراد ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
. تﻼﻴـﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ درﻮـﻣ رد
نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫويﺪـﻴﺣو،نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ نزوﺖﻓايور ردﺎﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓاﺎـﺑنزوﺖـﻓا ﺶﻫﺎـﻛدﻮـﺧ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﺰﻴﻧ ﺪﻧدادنﺎﺸﻧارردﺎﻣتﻼﻴﺼﺤﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ )
19 .(
ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣرد ﺰﻴﻧنارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮﻨﺸﺑ
نﺎﻴﺑ وﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛردنآتﺎﻣوﺰﻠﻣ و ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ لﺎﺣرديﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛردﻪﻛﺪﻧا هدﻮﻤﻧ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑزوﺮﺑﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣﻚﻴﻧﺎﮔرا رديﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ ،ﺎـﻫ
زوﺮﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد،ﺪﻧراد FTT
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﻛ رد ﻪﻛ
ﻞــﻣاﻮﻋﺎــﻜﻳﺮﻣآﻞــﺜﻣﻲــﺑﺮﻏيﺎﻫرﻮــﺸﻛوﻪــﺘﻓﺎﻳ
ﻢﻬـﺳ ﻲـﻧاور و ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻚﻴﻧﺎﮔراﺮﻴﻏ ﺪــﻧرادﺪــﺷر لﻼﺘــﺧازوﺮــﺑ رديﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ )
20 .(
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يور نآتاﺮـﺛا و ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗءﻮـﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار رديا ساﺰـﮕﺗهﺎﮕـﺸﻧادلﺎﻔﻃاﻦﻤﺠﻧا ردنﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
لﺎــﺳرد 1990
وﺖــﻳارﻪــﻛﺖــﺳاهﺪــﺷ مﺎــﺠﻧا
ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻴـﺳر ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳارد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺒﻣ ناراﻮﺧﺮﻴﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاضﺮﻌﻣ ردﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ FTT
ﻤﻴﺑ يرﺎ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫرادﺮﻴﮔاويﺎﻫ )
21 .(
ﺲﭘﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳاردﻪﻛرﻮﻃ نﺎﻤﻫ زاﻲﻜﻳكدﻮﻛ يﺮﻴﮔﺮﻴﺷ زا،لﺎﻬﺳا ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑا ﻞﻣﺎﻋزا
ﺖﺳا كدﻮﻛ نزوﺖﻓارد زﺎﺳﺮﻄﺧﻞﻣاﻮﻋ .
ﻊـﻄﻗﺎـﺑ
وﻞـﻤﻜﻣ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮـﻣﺎـﺑكدﻮﻛ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ،ردﺎﻣﺮﻴﺷ زﺎـﻏآ ردﺎـﻣﺮﻴـﺷ ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻣﺮﮔاودﻮﺷ وهدﻮﺑﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟﻲﻳاﺬﻏداﻮ
ﻲﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣنﺎـﻣز ردﻞﻤﻜﻣﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻳ نزوﺶﻫﺎـﻛ عﻮـﻗوردﻲﻳاﺰـﺳﻪـﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ،دﻮﺸﻧزﺎﻏآ ﺖــﺷادﺪــﻫاﻮﺧ .
ﻪــﻄﺑارﺰــﻴﻧﺮــﮕﻳدتﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ردﺎــﻣﺮﻴــﺷﻊــﻄﻗﻦﻴــﺑيرادﺎــﻨﻌﻣ ﻪــﻳﺬﻐﺗعوﺮــﺷ و
ﻲﻠﻴﻤﻜﺗ درﻮـﻣ وهﺪـﺷ هدادنﺎـﺸﻧ ﺪـﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا و
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ﺖﺳا
)
،3 و11 24 - 22 ( رﻮﻃنﺎﻤﻫ .
لﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪﺑﻼﺘﺑا ﺪﺷهدادنﺎﺸﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ردﻪﻛ ﻲﺴﻔﻨﺗ ويراردا يﺎﻫ ﺖﻧﻮﻔﻋ و رد يرادﺎـﻨﻌﻣﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ
زوﺮﺑ ﻪـﻛﺪـﻳدﺮﮔﺺﺨﺸﻣﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ وﺪﻨﺘﺷادFTT
ويرارداﺖـﻧﻮﻔﻋ ولﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑاتﺎـﻌﻓد داﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﮔﺪـــﻧزلوا لﺎـــﺳلﻮـــﻃ ردﻲـــﺴﻔﻨﺗ زاﺪـــﻌﺑ)
ﻲﮕﻫﺎﻣ12 ﺸﻴﺑ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ (
ﻲﻣ قﺎﻔﺗا ﺮﺘ ﻦـﻳا ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻨﺘﻓا
وﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗدرﻮﻣ ﺰﻴﻧﺮﮕﻳدتﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳﺪـﻨﭼﻦﻴـﺑ زا ﻪﻛﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدادنﺎﺸﻧ و يرارداﺖـﻧﻮﻔﻋ ولﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺑا ،ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ردزﺎــﺳﺮــﻄﺧﻞــﻣاﻮﻋزاﻲــﺴﻔﻨﺗ وهدﻮــﺑFTT
ﻲــﺴﻔﻨﺗويرارداﺖــﻧﻮﻔﻋﺮــﺛاﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ زاﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳالﺎﻬﺳا )
و9 22 .(
ﻪـﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ردهﺪﺷ ﺮﻛذدراﻮﻣ مﺎﻤﺗ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ نﻮﻴـﺳﺮﮔر لﺪـﻣ رد ﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗ ﺶـﺨﺑ رﻮـﻀﺣ ﺖﻠﻋ
لﻼﺘﺧاﺮﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﻞﻣاﻮﻋﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗردﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗتاﺮﺛالﺪﻣيﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛﻪﺑ
37 ...
ردﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ و يدﺮﻓﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ،ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﻪﻛﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧا زوﺮﺑ ﻢﻴﺘﻓﺮـﮔﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﺶﺨﺑيرادﺎﻨﻌﻣﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﮔراﺮﻴﻏ وﻚـﻴﻧﺎﮔراﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻚـﻴﻧﺎ
ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﺰـﻴﻧ كدﻮـﻛﺮـﻫيدﺮـﻓ تﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ،FTT
ﻲﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑﺮﺛﻮـﻣ ﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا زوﺮﺑردﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .
ﻦـﻳاﻪـﺑ
لﺎﻬـﺳا ﻪـﺑﻼﺘﺑا ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑﻲﻛدﻮﻛﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻪﻛﺎﻨﻌﻣ دﻮﺷ نزو ﺖﻓارﺎﭼد
، ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘﺑاﺎﺑ يﺮﮕﻳد كدﻮﻛﻲﻟو
رﺎـﭼديدﺮﻓتوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷﺖﻠﻋﻪﺑيرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ دﻮﺸﻧ نزو ﺖﻓا ﻟا ﻪﻛ،عﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ .
ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﺘﺒ
،ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرادرﻮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد ﻲـــﻣ وﺎﻫﺮﻴـــﺴﻔﺗرديﺮﻴﮕﻤـــﺸﭼﺮﻴﺛﺎـــﺗﺪـــﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادﺎﻫ .
ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧناﻮـﺗ ﻲﻣﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳايﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ يرﺎـﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺑا ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ،لﺎﻬـﺳانﻮـﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
وﻲﮔدرﻮﺧﺎﻣﺮــــﺳوﻲـــﺴﻔﻨﺗويرارداﺖـــﻧﻮﻔﻋ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ
وردﺎـﻣﺮﻴـﺷ ﻊـﻄﻗﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣيا
وﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺮﺛﻮـﻣﺪﺷر لﻼﺘﺧازوﺮﺑردكدﻮﻛ ﻪﻳﺬﻐﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮـﮕﭼزاناردﺎـﻣ ﻲﻫﺎـﮔآﺢﻄـﺳﻦﺘﻓرﻻﺎـﺑﻪﺘﺒﻟا ﻲـﻣﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻠﻛﺖﻟﺎﺣ رددﻮﺧ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻦﻴﻣﺎﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺛﻮﻣﺪﺷرلﻼﺘﺧا زوﺮﺑﺶﻫﺎﻛردﺪﻧاﻮﺗ .
ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Original Article
Application of random effect model for determining factors affecting FTT in less than 2 years children in east of Tehran
Mahmood Reza Gohari, PhD. Assistant Professor of Statistics, Department of Statistics and Mathematics Hospital Management Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
Masoud Salehi, PhD. Assistant Professor of Statistics, Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
Farid Zaeri, PhD. Assistant Professor of Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
Zeinab Moghdamifard, MSc in Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nahid Kholdi, MSc., Faculty member of School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. [email protected]
*Nasim Vahabi, MSc in Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (*Corresponding author).
Abstract
Background: Failure To Thrive (FTT) is the delay or suspension in child growth; not dealing with this disorder may lead to more serious consequences like increased death rate, appearance of other relevant diseases, reduced learning, and mental, emotional, or physical disabilities. Given the serious symptoms of failure to thrive in children’s future, this paper tries to identify and investigate factors affected in FTT.
Methods: The study population included children below 2 years old visiting the Health Center of East Tehran from which 1660 infants using two-stage cluster sampling method were selected according to the input criteria (not suffering from any particular disease at birth, and having regular visit to health centers). After gathering data from the first two years of the infants’ lives, factors associated with FTT using SAS software and Random Effect Regression Model were analyzed.
Results: Mean age (± SD) of mothers at birth time was 27.3 ± 5.46 years and 46% (764) of the mothers had an education lower than high school diploma but there was no significant relationship between mothers’ education and FTT (p = 0.290). Mean weight (± SD) of children at birth was 3202
± 463.03 g and 5.1% (85) of them were born with underweight (2500g) and 68.1% (1130) of the children were affected by FTT at least in one period. Factors associated with diarrhea, infection, teething, nourishment, weaning, and other diseases had significant role in causing FTT (p < 0.05), out of which the cause of diarrhea was the most likely factor. In addition, the model’s random section became significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Given the abundance and graveness of the symptoms of this disorder in child’s future and the high likelihood of occurrence of this disorder among infants below 2 years, a strong need is felt to deal with this impairment. Given the significance of the random effect, the known causes alone are not enough for prediction of FTT among infants and genetic and environmental factors play a role in occurrence of FTT as well.
Keywords: Random effect model, Affected factor, Failure to thrive, Children.
