يژﺮﻧا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ و ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد
ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺖﺨﺑدازآ ﻦﺴﺤﻣ
1
دﺎﺷﻮﻧ ﻪﻤﻃﺎﻓ ،
يدﻮﻤﺤﻣ داﻮﺟ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،
2ﺪﻫﺎﺟ ﺎﺿر ،
2 3
1 - نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﯿﺑ ﮏﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﯿﺸﻧاد
2 - ﺳﻮﯿﺑ ﮏﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻢﺘﺴﯿ
3 - نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳﻮﯿﺑ ﮏﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
) رﺎﺗ ﯾ رد ﺦ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 16 / 03 / 98 رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺬﭘ ﺦ ﯾ شﺮ : 20 / 09 / 98 (
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ
ﻦﯾا رد ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ اﺪﺘﺑا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ و هﺪﺷ دﺮﺧ يوﺎﺴﻣ تﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻫ
يﺎ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ .
ﺶﯿﭘ رد ژﺎﺘﻟو حﻮﻄﺳ
ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ 40
، 60 و 80 نﺎﻣز و ﺖﻟو 3
، 5 و 7 دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد . ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ،نﺎﻣز ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ 5
، 10 و 15 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
دﻮﺑ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ وﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ رد ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻧاﻮﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻮﯾو 360
، 600 و 900 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ تاو .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا درﻮﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد يﺎﻫ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ و رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ و ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ،نآ
نآ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يرو ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﻫ
. ﺮﺜﮐا رد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ
،دراﻮﻣ ﻘﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﻢﯾدﻮﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ راﺪ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يرو ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
نآ راﺪﻘﻣ 8797 / 15
% دﻮﺑ . ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﺰﯿﻧ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ يا
ﻦﯾ هﺮﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ يژﺮﻧا يرو 7061
/ 15
% دﻮﺑ .
ﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد نﺎﻣز ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛا ﯽ
هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا يﺎﻫ ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ يرو
ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
ﻦﯾ هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﮐ و يرو
7409 / 15
% و 2358 / 8 لوژﺎﮕﻣ اﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ هز
ﺪﺷ .
ﺪﯿﻠﮐ نﺎﮔژاو ﺞﯾﻮﻫ : ، ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ، ﮏﯿﻤﻫا ، ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ ، رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ،ﻦﮐ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﺸﯾر يﺰﺒﺳ ﮏﯾ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﺶﯿﭘ و ﻦﺗورﺎﮐﺎﺘﺑ ﯽﻨﻏ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ يا
ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو زﺎﺳ
ﯽﻣ A ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ،ﺎﻫﺎﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺜﮐا رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺨﭘ و مﺎﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ
دﻻﺎﺳ ،ﺎﻫﺮﺳد پﻮﺳ ،
ﯽﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫاﺬﻏ و تﺎﺠﯾرﻮﺷ ،ﺎﻫ ﺷ
دﻮ .
شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ نآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ار هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ و دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ عاﻮﻧارد ناﻮﺗ
.
ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو عاﻮﻧا يوﺎﺣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ و هدﻮﺑ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ و ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﮓﻧر لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﻫد
] 1 .[
رﺎﮑﻫار زا ﯽﮑﯾ هزوﺮﻣا تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﺎﻫ
وﺎﺸﮐ ﯽﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ، يزر ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﯽﻤﯾﺪﻗ يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و يروآﺮﻓ شور ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳا . ﻮﻃر زا ﯽﺘﻤﺴﻗ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ رد زا ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺑ
جرﺎﺧ نآ ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ] 2 .[
ار لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﻤﻋ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ،داﻮﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ و نزو ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻫد
و ﻞﻤﺣ ،يﺪﻨﺑ
و ﻞﻘﻧ هﺮﯿﺧذ ﯽﻣ ﻞﯿﻬﺴﺗ ار تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳ و ﺪﻨﮐ
ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻣا ﻦﯾا
ﻪﻨﯾﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ يﺎﻫ
دﻮﺷ . دراﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﯽﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺮﮐذ ناﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ار ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ رازﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺎﺴﺣ ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ رد دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زا س
] 3 .[
ﺎﺑ يزروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ و ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﻣ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﺸﻧﺎﺟ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ -
ﻦﮐ دﻮﺷ بﻮﺴﺤﻣ مﺮﮔ ياﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ .
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ هزوﺮﻣا ﻪﮐ هدﻮﺑ نازرا ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﯽﺷور ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ زا ﺖﺳا هدﻮﻤﻧ ﺐﻠﺟ دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ار ﻦﯿﻘﻘﺤﻣ .
ددﺮﮔ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻪﺑ مزﻻ
ﯽﺴﯿﻃﺎﻨﻐﻣوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﻒﯿﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﺑ
يﺎﻫ 300 ﺎﺗ ﺰﺗﺮﻫ ﺎﮕﻣ 300
نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﺗﺮﻫ ﺎﮕﯿﮔ ﺖﺳا ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ جاﻮﻣا ﺮﮔ
. فﻼﺧ ﺮﺑ لﺎﺣ ﻦﯾا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ ،ﺞﯾار يﺎﻫ ا
اﺬﻏ رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ جاﻮﻣ رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ و هدﺮﮐ ذﻮﻔﻧ
ﯽﻣ شﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
. ياراد ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺖﯾﺰﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يدﺎﯾز يﺎﻫ و
ير
ﺳا و لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ،ﻻﺎﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﯽﻣ ﺎﻀﻓ زا ﺮﺛﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 5 و 4 .[
ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ شور زا ﯽﮑﯾ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻧوﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ
ياراد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا ﻪﺘﯿﺴﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا نﺎﯾﺮﺟ رﻮﺒﻋ سﺎﺳا ﯽﻣ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا يژﺮﻧا
ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﻃ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽﮑﯾﺮﺘﮑﻟا ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ و ژﺎﺘﻟو راﺪﻘ
ﯽﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . شزادﺮﭘ شور ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ،ﮏﯿﻤﻫا ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ
،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫاﺬﻏ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ،ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ ﯽﻣ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ دﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺑ ﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﯾا
ﯾ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ مﺮﮔ ياﺮﺑ نآ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻞﯿﻟد ﯽﺘﺧاﻮﻨﮑ
ﺮﺗﺪﯿﻔﻣ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ نآ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ،ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ي
شور ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا هدﺮﮐ ]
6 .[
شور ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﺋارا و نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ دﺮﺑ زا ﺲﭘ ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يزﺎﺳ هﺮﯿﺧذ نﺎﻣز نآ ﺖﺷا
ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ -
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ناﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد يﺎﻫراﺪﺸﻫ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ زا ﺮﻈﻧ فﺮﺻ شور ﻦﯾا
ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﯾﺎﺷﻮﺧ ﺰﯿﻧ نﺎﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﺳر
. تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ شور ﻦﯾا رد
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ رد يﺎﻣد رد شﻮﺟ بآ ﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﺗﺪﻣ 100
ﻪﺟرد
ﯽﻣ هدوﺰﻓا داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ دﻮﺷ
] 8 - 6 .[
ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻤﻬﻣ ،ﺖﺳا حﺮﻄﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﯽﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ زا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ هدزﺎﺑ ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
يژﺮﻧا مود نﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺮﺑ ﯽﻨﺘﺒﻣ ،ﯽﮑﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ شور ﮏﯾ ﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﻪﺑ نآ ﻪﻠﯿﺳو ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا ﮏﯿﻣﺎﻨﯾدﻮﻣﺮﺗ
ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺳ و ﯽﻣ ﺎﻨﻌﻣﺎﺑ و ﯽﻘﻄﻨﻣ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ دزادﺮﭘ
] 9 .[
د ﯽﮕﻧﺮﻓ ﻪﺟﻮﮔ هﺎﯿﮔ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ يور ﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد ﮏﺸﺧ ر
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
] 10 .[
ﺮﺑ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد
آ يور يژﺮﺴﮐا و يژﺮﻧا دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧ ﺲﯾﻼﺳا يزﺎﺳ لﺪﻣ و
يﺎﻫ
يﻮﯿﮐ ﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ و يژﺮﻧا هدزﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪ
و ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ يژﺮﺴﮐا ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺲﯾﻼﺳا يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يﻮﯿﮐ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
. ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ ﺲﯾﻼﺳا ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
. ﻢﻫ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ رد ﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ
يور ﺮﺑ ﺲﯾﻼﺳا ﺞﯾﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
، ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏﯿﺘﯿﻨﯿﺳ ندﺮﮐ
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ -
ﻼﺧ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺪﺷ ] 11 .[
و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ ﮏﺸﺧ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يژﺮﻧا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﻦﮐ
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا ﺶﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ و
و فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
هﺮﻬﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يژﺮﻧا يرو
ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻦﮐ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ
ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا رد ،ﺖﻧﺎﻧ ﻢﻗر
رازﺎﺑ زا نﺎﺘﺳا ﯽﻠﺤﻣ
نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮔ - يراﺪﯾﺮﺧ نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ
يﺎﻣد رد هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ رد و 4
ﻪﺟرد
سﻮﯿﺴﻠﺳ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ
. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد هﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ و هدروآ نﺎﮔﺮﮔ ﯽﻌﯿﺒ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ .
هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ راﺮﻗ نوآ نورد رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر يﺮﯿﮔ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . ﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻧ يﺎﻣد رد ﺎﻫ 105
نزو ﻪﺑ نﺪﯿﺳر ﺎﺗ داﺮﮕﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﻦﯾا رد ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ نوآ نورد رد ﺖﺑﺎﺛ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ 134
- 129 ):
1 ( 41 هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ
] 13 و 12 .[
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ يﺎﻫ
3/
14 % ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ
دﻮﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ .
2 - 2 - ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ
ا ﮏﯿﻤﻫا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﮏﯾ ز
ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻪﺸﯿﺷ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺎﺑ يا 10
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ
دﺎﻌﺑا ) لﻮﻃ 8 ضﺮﻋ ،ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ 8
عﺎﻔﺗرا و ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ 15
ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ ( و
ود دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ ﮓﻧز ﺪﺿ ﻞﯿﺘﺳا ﺲﻨﺟ زا دوﺮﺘﮑﻟا 8
× 15 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ .
ﯽﻔﻨﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺐﻄﻗ ود ،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻦﯾا رد
ﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ يﺰﻠﻓ ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ود ﻪﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﻊﺒﻨﻣ زا هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓ
ﯽﻣ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا لﻮﻠﺳ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﺮﯾاد ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺎﺑ يا
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ 4 ﺪﺷ نزو و هﺪﯾﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
3 ، 5
و 7 ﮏﯿﻤﻫا لﻮﻠﺤﻣ رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد )
7 ﯽﻧزو ﺪﺻرد (
يوﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ 1000
و ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ مﺮﮔ 70
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ دﻮﺑ ﮏﻤﻧ مﺮﮔ
ددﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا .
2 - 3 - رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ
اﺪﺘﺑا ﺮﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺪﯿﺳر شﻮﺟ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ
ه
ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نآ رﺎﺨﺑ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ غاد ياﻮﻫ ﺮﺛا ﺖﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ راﺮﻗ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ رد و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ يﺎﻣد ﮏﯾ رد رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ 5
، 10 و 15 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ . شﺮﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ فوﺮﻇ ﻞﺧاد رد هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻗ ﻪﺸﯿﺷ ﺲﻨﺟ زا يا ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮ
.
2 - 4 - ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ شور
داﺪﻌﺗ 20 هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﺲﯾﻼﺳا نورد
يﺮﺘﭘ ﺞﻨﭘ ﯾد ﺶ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ رد فوﺮﻇ و ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ 2
زا يﺮﺘﻤﯿﺘﻧﺎﺳ
ﻢﻫ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﻞﺧاد ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺐﺗﺮﻣ
ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ يﺮﯿﮔراﺮﻗ زا ﺲﭘ و
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ .
ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺳ رد 360
، 600 و 900
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ تاو )
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 ( . نزو ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﯽﯾوزاﺮﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ 0,01 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ هزاﺪﻧا مﺮﮔ ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ نزو رد ﺎﻫ
هزﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ي 1
هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺖﺒﺛ و يﺮﯿﮔ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ زا ماﺪﮐ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ و ﺪﻧﺪﯿﺳر ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﮏﯾ
،ﺎﻫ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ راﺮﮑﺗ رﺎﺑ ﻪﺳ .
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يﺎﻣد رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا 20
و ﻪﺟرد
ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر 71
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺻرد .
ﻫ ﻤ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ )
1 ( ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ]
14 .[
Fig 1 Diagram of microwave drying system.
MC = W-We/ W (1)
2 - 5 - يژﺮﻧا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
يژﺮﻧا و مﺮﺟ ﺎﻘﺑ رد
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻦﮐ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ 2
ا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳ
. هدﻮﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﻘﺑ ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻄﺑار 2 ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ]
15 .[
(2)
يدورو مﺮﺟ )
min
( ، ﯽﺟوﺮﺧ مﺮﺟ )
mout
(
(3) ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﯿﻟوا مﺮﺟ )
mwp
( ﮏﺸﺧ هدﺎﻣ مﺮﺟ ، )
mdp
( بآ مﺮﺟ ،
هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ )
mwt
(
Fig 2 Volume control of microwave system ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ بآ مﺮﺟ 4
ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺪﻣآ ] 16 .[
(4) ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ مﺮﺟ )
md
( يدورو ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ، )
(Mo ،
ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺮﻫ رد يدورو ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ )
Mt
(
ﻊﺒﻨﻣ و نﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ ،سﻮﺴﺤﻣ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ هﺪﺷ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ يژﺮﻧا ار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑ
5 ﮏﺸﺧ يدورو يژﺮﻧا و
ﻪﻄﺑار زا ﻦﮐ 6
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ]
17 .[
ﻪﻄﺑار رد 5 هﺪﺷ ﻒﻠﺗ يژﺮﻧا
) (
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻄﺑار رد ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ 6
) (
ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا .
(5)
ﺖﻨﮕﻣ يدورو ناﻮﺗ )
pin
( ، هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ )
Pabs
( ،
داد ﺖﺸﮔزﺎﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ه
) Pref
( رﻮﺒﻋ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ،
هدﺮﮐ ) Pref
(
نﺎﻣز ) (t ﺎﻣد ، ) (T ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هﮋﯾو يﺎﻣﺮﮔ ، )
Cp
( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ ،
( ) هﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮔزﺎﺑ يژﺮﻧا ، )
Eref
( ، هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا
) Etra
( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ يﺎﻫ
ﺞﯾﻮﻫ ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ 7
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
ﺪﺷ ] 18 .[
(7) ( ) هﺪﺷ دازآ بآ نﺎﻬﻧ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺮﮐوﺮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ دازآ بآ ﺮﯿﺨﺒﺗ نﺎﻬﻨﭘ يﺎﻣﺮﮔ
و
ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ 8
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ ] 19 .[
(8) ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ و ﺖﺳا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا
9
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ ] 20 .[
(9) ﻪﻄﺑار زا ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﻣﺮﮔ هدزﺎﺑ 10
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ ] 21 .[
(10) ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا هﮋﯾو يژﺮﻧا 11
هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ
] 16 .[
(11)
2 - 6 - يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﺎﻫ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ و ﮏﯿﻤﻫا يﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ .
ژﺎﺘﻟو ﻪﺳ رد ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ 40
، 60
و 80 نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ و ﺖﻟو 3
، 5 و 7 ﺶﯿﭘ و ﻪﻘﯿﻗد رد ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ
نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ 5 ، 10 و 15 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺗ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﺪﺷ ناﻮ
360 ، 600 و 900 تاو
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا . ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ و هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺳ رد ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يرﺎﻣآ راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ SAS
.
3 - ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
3 - 1 - رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا
لوﺪﺟ 1 ﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ار نﺎﻣز و ژﺎﺘﻟو ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ يور
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺞﯾﻮﻫ رد ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ -
ﺪﻫد . ﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﯽﻣ لوﺪﺟ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ يراد يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ،ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ 1
% ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺪﻧا . ﺮﮐذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ
ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺛا
رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮ ﺶﯿﭘ ژﺎﺘﻟو
يژﺮﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا
فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ يراد .
Table 1 Analysis of variance of consumed and lost energy in ohmic pre-treatment
Energy effenciey Energy loss specifict(MJ) Variables DF Mean Squares F value DF Mean Squares F value
Microwave 2 29.6036 8.96** 2 163.5124 384.15**
Voltage 2 17.3778 5.26** 2 19.5889 46.02**
Time 2 28.0148 8.48** 2 3.8263 8.99**
Microwave× Voltage 4 1.7511 0.53ns 4 1.6014 3.76**
Microwave× Time 4 0.3130 0.09ns 4 0.4573 1.07ns
Voltage× Time 4 2.9954 0.91ns 4 0.1723 0.40ns
**: Represent significant difference within probability level of 1% *: Represent significant difference within probability level of 5% ns: Represents the lack of significant difference
3 - 2 - ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا ﯾ
يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑ
ﻞﮑﺷ 3 ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا
راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ يرو ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يژﺮﻧا ﺪﻫد
.
تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ زا دراﻮﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ رد يراد .
Fig 3 Effect of microwave power parameter in ohmic pretreatment on energy values
راﺪﻘﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ يرو يژﺮﻧا زا ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
360 ﻪﺑ 600 زا و 600 ﻪﺑ 900 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياراد تاو دﻮﺑ يراد
.
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياراد ﯽﻣ يراد
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﯽﻣ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﮏﺸﺧ نآ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ
ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻣادا رد ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺨﺳ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ،نآ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جوﺮﺧ ندﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ
دراد زﺎﯿﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا ﻪﺑ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ .
رد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ هﺮﻬﺑ و هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا ﻦﯿﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار
يژﺮﻧا يرو
ﯽﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد ناﻮﺗ يرو
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
] 22 .[
يژﺮﻧا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد
ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ ﻦﮐ
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺪﺑﺎﯾ .
3 - 3 - ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺮﺛا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ
هﺮﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ژﺎﺘﻟو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺛا يرو
ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يژﺮﻧا 4
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
رد
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ژﺎﺘﻟو ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺜﮐا -
ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يراد .
ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻦﯾا رد ﻦﯿﺑ ،
هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ رد يژﺮﻧا يرو
و ژﺎﺘﻟ يﺎﻫ
40 و 60 ﺖﻟو ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد
هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﺻرد راﺪﻘﻣ ،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﮏﺸﺧ رد يرو
ﻦﮐ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد يراد
. يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا -
ﯽﻣ يراد ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . يژﺮﻧا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هﺮﻬﺑ
ﯽﻣ ار يرو ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ناﻮﺗ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ رد ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و ﯽﺗراﺮﺣ تﺎﯿﻠﻤﻋ ﻢﯾدﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ .
ﻪﻄﺑار ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ
ﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ و هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا و ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﯿﺑ سﻮﮑﻌ ،يرو
ژﺮﻧا هﺮﻬﺑ ي ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺟاﻮﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ يرو ]
23 .[
Fig 4 Effect of ohmic pretreatment voltage parameter on energy values
3 - 4 - يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا
ﻞﮑﺷ 5 نﺎﻣز ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛا ،رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ
راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ار ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ رد
هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يژﺮﻧا يرو
ﺪﻫد . رد
هﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ يژﺮﻧا يرو 5
و 7 ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ود ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﺑ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو يراد
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ 3
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﯽﺸﯾاﺰﻓا و راد
. رد
ﻮﻄﺳ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ،ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ﺶﺨﺑ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ح
يراد
ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ،ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
. ﯽﻣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ و ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد
راﺪﯾﺎﭘ و يﻮﻗ حﻮﻄﺳ دﻮﺟو ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ زا يﺮﺗ
يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻣز ﺎﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺐﺴﮐ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ
هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺰﯿﻧ و اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يرو
ددﺮﮔ
] 24 .[
Fig 5 Effect of ohmic pretreatment time parameter on
energy values
3 - 5 - رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ
لوﺪﺟ 2 ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﺳر
ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ار نﺎﻣز و
ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ يور ﺮﺑ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺞﯾﻮﻫ رد ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺪﻫد
.
ﯽﻣ لوﺪﺟ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ناﻮﺗ
ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ يراد
ا و ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ د زا يژﺮﻧ
ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد .
ﺰﺟ ﻪﺑ دراﻮﻣ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد
ﺢﻄﺳ رد يراد 1
%
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا رد يراد
ﺢﻄﺳ 5 % دﻮﺑ . ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺮﮐذ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺮﺛا
رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ
نﺎﻣز ﺶﯿﭘ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ ياﺮﺑ و ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ يژﺮﻧا يژﺮﻧا
ﺖﺳد زا
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ياراد ﻪﺘﻓر دﻮﺒﻧ يراد
.
Table 2 Analysis of variance of consumed and lost energy in blanching pre-treatment
Energy effenciey Energy loss specifict(MJ) Variables DF Mean Squares F value DF Mean Squares F value
Microwave 2 25.7322 111.36** 2 10.6926 36.46**
Time 2 1.3161 5.70* 2 1.7785 6.06**
Microwave× Time 4 0.0843 0.37ns 4 0.7999 2.73ns
**: Represent significant difference within probability level of 1% *: Represent significant difference within probability level of 5% ns: Represents the lack of significant difference
3 - 6 - يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮐﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا
ﻞﮑﺷ 6 ﮏﺸﺧ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ
هﺮﻬﺑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يژﺮﻧا يرو
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻫد . ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ زا دراﻮﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦﯾا رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ تا هﺮﻬﺑ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ رد يراد ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يژﺮﻧا يرو
.
ناﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ 360
و 600 ﺎﺑ 900 ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا تاو رد يراد
ﺪﺷ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ .
ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا ،ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار
هﺮﻬﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﯽﻣ يژﺮﻧا يرو
دﺮﮐ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ار تاﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ناﻮﺗ
د و ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ر
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ناﻮﺗ رد ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر ي هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺖﺨﺳ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺧ نﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جو
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ناﺰﯿﻣ نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و ﻪﺘﻓر ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر
هﺮﻬﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يژﺮﻧا يرو ﺪﺑﺎﯾ
] 22 .[
ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ،لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ بﺬﺟ يژﺮﻧا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﯽﻣ ار هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻦﯾا -
ﻪﯾﻻ جوﺮﺧ ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ ﻪﯿﺟﻮﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﯾا ناﻮﺗ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﻮﻃر يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ظﺎﺤﻟ زا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﻣ
دﻮﺷ . رد
ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ي ﺘﺸﯿﺑ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ،ﺮ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ] 24 .[
Fig 6 The effect of microwave power parameter in blanching pretreatment on energy values
3 - 7 - يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا
ﺮﺑ ﮓﻨﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺶﯿﭘ رد ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛا اﺪﻘﻣ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﺻرد ر ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا و يژﺮﻧا يرو
7
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
Fig 7 Effect of blanching pretreatment time parameter on energy values
هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎﻣز حﻮﻄﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ يژﺮﻧا و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يرو
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا .
حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ 10
و 15 ﺎﺑ
5 هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﺑ و يرو
5 و 10 ﺎﺑ 15 رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا ﺖﺷاد دﻮﺟو يراد
.
4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻮﯾووﺮﮑﯾﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺮﺛا ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ،ناﻮﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﯿﭘ ود ﺮﻫ رد يرو
-
ﯿﭽﻧﻼﺑ و ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﮓﻨ
ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﺶﯿﭘ ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ
هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺑ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا و يرو
ﻪﺑ هدﻮﺑ سﻮﮑﻌﻣ يژﺮﻧا ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ود ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﯿﺛﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ،ژﺎﺘﻟو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ يرﻮﻃ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ يرو
ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺮﻫ .
يژﺮﻧا ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد هﺮﻬﺑ يﺎﻫ
ﺶﯿﭘ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا و يرو
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز حﻮﻄﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ ﮏﯿﻤﻫا يﺎﻫ
هﺮﻬﺑ يژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﻓر ﺖﺳد زا يژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا يرو
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Microwave dryer energy analysis with ohmic and blanching pretreatments in drying carrots
Azadbakht, M. 1, Noshad, F. 2, Mahmoodi, M. J. 2, Jahed, R. 3
1. Associate Professor of Department of Bio-system Mechanical Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2. Msc. Student of Department of Bio-system Mechanical Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3. Bsc. Student of Department of Bio-system Mechanical Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
(Received: 2019/06/06 Accepted:2019/12/11)
In this research, carrots were first cut into equal pieces and then subjected to different treatments at different levels. The voltage levels were at 40, 60 and 80 volt in ohmic pretreatment and at 3, 5, and 7 minutes. The parameters studied in the blanching pretreatment included time, with different levels of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. Immediately after pretreatment, samples were dried in microwaves at 360, 600 and 900 watts. Finally, for each case of microwave dried and pretreated samples and their different levels, the energy efficiency values and their lost energy were calculated. According to the results, in the majority of cases, we see that increasing the amount of microwave power increases the energy efficiency, and subsequently the lost energy decreases, so that the maximum value was 15.8797%. In the study of the effect of voltage in the ohmic pretreatment, a similar result was obtained, with the highest energy efficiency of 15.7061%. Also, in evaluating the effect of time parameter in ohmic pretreatments, it was observed that with increasing pretreatment time, the amount of energy efficiency was also increased and the energy lost was reduced, so that the highest amount of energy efficiency and the lowest amount of energy lost were respectively 15.7409% and 8.2358 MJ were measured.
Keywords: Carrot, Microwave, Ohmic, Blanching, Drying, Pretreatment
Corresponding Author E-Mail Address: [email protected]
