ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﺮﺯ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﺩﺍﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻲ

(1)

ﻥﺍﺭﺎﮑﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺦﺳﺍﺭ :

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

...

۱۲۳

ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﮔ ﻴ ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

ﺩ ﻩﺭﻭ ۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸ ) ۱۳۲ ‐ ۱۲۳ (

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

**(Arachis hypogaea L.) ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ**

ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ

ﺦﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﺴﺣ ﻱﺮﻐﺻﺍ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ،۱

*۲

، ﯽﻣﻮﺼﻌﻣ ﯽﻠﻴﻟ ﻩﺪﻴﺳ

،۳

ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺮﻔﺻ ﻲﻘﻧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻜﺸﻳﻭ

۴

ﺐﺴﻧ ﯼﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﻍﺎﺑﺩ ﻝﺩﺎﻋ ﻭ ۵

۱ ، ۳ ﻴﺑﺮﻣ ، ﻥﺎ ﺭﺍﻮﮐ ﯼﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺵﺯﻮﻣﺁ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﺮﻄﻌﻣ ﻭ ﯽﻳﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﯼﺭﻭﺁﺮﻓ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ

۲ ، ﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺭﻭﺎﺸﻛ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺪﻜﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻴ

۴ ، ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻲﻣﻼﺳﺍ ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﺕﺎﻴﻫ ﻮﻀﻋ ﺖﺷﺭ

۵ ﺰﻳﺮﺒﺗ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺕﺎﺗﺎﺒﻧ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘﺳﺍ ،

) ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۵ / ۵ / ۸۴

‐ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :

۲۵ / ۱۰ / ۸۷ (

ﻩﺪﻴﮑﭼ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺸﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻲ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻳﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ

) ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ (

ﻭ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ )

٣ ، ٣ / ٥ ، ٣ / ٨ ﻭ ٨ / ١٤ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ (

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

٣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ

ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷﺎﻴﻛ ﺭﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ١٣٨١

ﺪﻣﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ .

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﻜﻳﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭ

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ٣

/ ٨ ﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ .

٦٠ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ )

ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ (

ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﮓﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ٥

ﻭ ١ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﻣ ﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺭﻮﻛﺬ

.

٩٠ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ )

ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ (

ﺖﺤﺗ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﮓﭘ ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ .

ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻝﻭ ﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺩﻮﺒ . ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ،ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﻪﻜﻴﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺕﺎﻔﺻ ﻦ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ

. ﺝﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ

،ﺱﻭﺮﺧ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ ﺝﺎﺗ ﻩﺎﻴﺳ

، ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﻩﺮﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺧ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

) ،ﻪﻨﻣﺭﺩ ،ﻍﺮﻣ ﭘ

ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻍﺮﻣ ،ﻲﻏﺮﻣ ﻪﺠﻨ

،ﻩﺭﻮﺗﺎﺗ ،ﺥﺮﺳ ﭘ

ﺩﺭﺯ ﻡﻼﺳﺭﺎﻳﻭﺍ ﻭ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﺏﺍﺰﻴﺳ ،ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﺏﺮﺗ ،ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﺞﻳﻮﻫ ،ﻡﻮﻟﺎﭙﺳﺎ (

ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ .

ﺭﺩ

ﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻊ

ﻱﺎﻫ ٨ / ١٤ ﻭ ٣ / ٨ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ .

ﻩﮊﺍﻭ

ﻱﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ :

ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ،ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ،ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻭ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺮﻫ .

ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ *

: ﯼﺮﻐﺻﺍ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ

ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : ۱۳۲۱۹۳۹ ‐

۰۹۱۱

E-mail: [email protected]

(2)

۱۲۴ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

ﯽﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺍ

۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺎﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻫ

ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻱﺮﺗ

ﻭ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺮﺗ

ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻓﺍ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻴﺑ

(Wilcult & Richburg, 1994; Rehman et al., 2001)

. ﺵﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ

ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘ

ﻲﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺮﮔﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺰﺒﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

ﺎﻀﻓ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ

ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻧ ﻲﻤ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻣﺍ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

، ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻀﻓ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺗ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺩ .

ﻡﻭﺰﻟ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻲﺘﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ

(Bell et al., 1993; Barry et al., 1996)

.

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﻳﺍﻭﺍ ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺍ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺒﺟ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﺭﺎﺴﺧ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻦﻳ

ﺪﺷ

(Kochaki et al., 1994; Rashed Mohassel et al., 1996; Andriw & Wilcut, 2002)

. ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺖﻠﻋ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻫﺩ ﮓﭘ

) ﻲﻫﺩ ﻚﻳﺎﭘ (

ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﺍ ﻲﻫﺪﻠﮔ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺕﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺘﻓﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎ

ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺯﺍ ﹰﻼﻤﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ

ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

(Patel et al., 1985)

. ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺮﺗ

ﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﻳﺎﺳ ﻱﻻﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ﻪ

ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ

ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ

(Hauser & Buchanan, 1981; Jaffar &

Gardner, 1988; Kasai et al., 1997)

. ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺐﻴﻗﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﺋﻮﻤﮕﻴﺳ .

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻝﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻲﻤﻛ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﻋﺍﺭ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﻣﺍ ، ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ﻱﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺳﺭ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺨﻧ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ

(Gardner & Auma, 1989; Barry et al., 1996; Kasai et al., 1997)

. ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺒﻠﻏ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻣﺮﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﺭﺩ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻪﻛ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻭ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺭﻮﺒﻋ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺶﺨﺑ

ﯼﺎﻫ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺯ

ﺘﺴﻫ ﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻨ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

(Bell et al., 1987; Bell et al.,

1993)

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺭﻭ ﻭ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻲﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

(Bridges et al., 1992)

. ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

(Tahbaz & Sanee Shariat

Panahi, 1992; Kochaki et al., 1994; Andriw &

Wilcut, 2002)

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﺕﺎﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻞﮔ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪ

ﺩﺍﺩ

(Bull et al., 1987; Tahbaz & Sanee Shariat Panahi, 1992)

. ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺪﻧﺩﺮﻛ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﻛ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻥﺎﻳﺎﭘ ﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

٧٧ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺪﻫﺩ

(Choudhury et al., 1997)

. ﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻲﻣ ﻪﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳﺩ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ

ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ١٥ ﺎﻳ ٢٠ ﺎﺗ ﻭ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ٦٠

ﺎﻳ ٩٠ ﺯﻭﺭ

ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

(Ghosh & Biswas, 1995)

. ﺭﺩ

ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ

ﻫ ﻱﺎ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

(Kasai et al., 1997)

ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﺖﺸﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺶﺷ ﻭ

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

(Jaffar & Gardner, 1988; Fiebig et al., 1991)

،

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺵﺭﺍﺰﮔ .

ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ٧٠

ﻲﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪ ﺭﺩ

ﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻔﻣ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫ

(Bridges et al., 1992)

. ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻖﺒﻃ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

٤٥ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ

ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

(Bridges et al.,

1992)

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻤﺿ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻚﺗ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻚﺗ ٥٤

ﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Raghvani et

(3)

...

۱۲۵

al., 1984)

. ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻩﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ٤٥

ﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻥ

٣٩ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Rehman et al., 2001)

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻫﺩ

ﻨ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ ﺪ

ﻩﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻫﺩ

ﻨ ﺪ . ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

٨٠ ﺎﺗ ١٠٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ

(David et al., 2001)

. ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻩﻭﻼﻋ ﻲﻣ ﮔ ﺩﺮﻴ . ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺆﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺛ ﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺍ ﺭ

٢٥ ‐ ٢٠ ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Gardner & Auma, 1989)

.

ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻔﻳﺩﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺮﺗ

ﺭﺩ ﻪﻔﻳﺩﺭ ﻚﻳ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ

(Hauser &

Buchanan, 1981)

. ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ

ﺭﺩ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺘﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ) ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ (

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻢﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

(Choudhury et al.,

1997)

.(

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻳﻮﻗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﹰﺎ

ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ،ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﭗﻴﺗﻮﻧﮊ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺩﺮﻴﮔ

(Hausar et

al., 1979; RAO, 1992)

. ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ

.

ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﻫ

ﺭﺪﻨﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻬﺷﺎﻴﻛ ١٣٨١

ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ

ﺪﻣﺁ . ﻲﻣﻮﻟ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ )

ﺎﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ

٦٦ ، ١٨ ﻭ ١٦ ﻭ ﻦﺷ ،ﺖﻠﻴﺳ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﺱﺭ

( ﻭ ﯽﻟﺩﺎﻌﻣ pH

٧ / ٦ ﻭ ﺖﻳﺍﺪﻫ ﻲﻜﻳﺮﺘﻜﻟﺍ ٢٩

/ ٠ ﻲﺳﺩ ﺲﻨﻤﻳﺯ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﺮﺑ .

ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ

١

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ .

ﻭﺩ ﻞﻳﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻱﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ

ﺎﺑ ﻲﻓﺩﺎﺼﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ٣

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻜﺗ .

ﺢﻄﺳ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻝﻭﺍ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ

) ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ١

× ١ ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ

١

× ٣ ﻡﻭﺩ ﺭﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ )

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ )

٣٠ ، ٥٣ ، ٨٣ ﻭ ١٤٨ ﺭﺍﺰﻫ

ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ (

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ .

ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ

ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ٢٦

× ٢٦ ، ٥ / ٣٤

× ٥ / ٣٤ ،

٥ / ٤٣

× ٥ / ٤٣ ﻭ ٥ / ٥٧

× ٥ / ٥٧ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺎﻬﭼﻭ

ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ١٥

× ٤٥ ، ٢٠

× ٦٠ ، ٢٥

× ٧٥ ﻭ ٣٣

× ١٠٠

ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١

‐ ﺕﺎﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ

ﺕﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ

ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ ﻝﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ

ﻲﻟﺩﺎﺒﺗ ﻢﻴﺴﻠﻛ ﻙﺎﺧ

ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺏﺬﺟ

ﻦﻫﺁ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺏﺬﺟ

ﻢﻴﺳﺎﺘﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺏﺬﺟ

ﺮﻔﺴﻓ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺏﺬﺟ

ﻞﻛ ﺕﺯﺍ

٥ / ٠ meq/lit

٦ / ٣ meq/lit

٩ / ٣١ meq/100 gr

٥ / ٠ mg/kg

٢٩ mg/kg

١٣٠ mg/kg

٣ mg/kg

٦٥ / ٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻄﺳ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺢ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ .

ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ

ﻩﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺩﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻱﺭﺎﺳ ١٣٨١

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

ﺕﺮﻛ ﺡﺮﻃ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﻱﺍﺮﺟﺍ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

٥

× ٦ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ .

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺕﺮﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ

٨٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺮﺘﻣ

ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺎﻫ .

ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ

ﺿ ﭺﺭﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺬﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﻧﻮﻔﻋﺪ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻡﺍﺮﻴﺗ ﺶﻛ

ﺭﺍﺰﻫ

(Bell et al., 1993)

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻢﻳﺩ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺢﻄﺴﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ .

ﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ

ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ٢٠٠

ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻞﭙﻳﺮﺗ ﺕﺎﻔﺴﻓﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺩﻮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺭﻭﺍ ﺩﻮﻛ

٨٠ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻊﻗﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ ٢٠

ﺭﺩ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ

ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻙﺮﺳ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻜﻫ .

ﻪﻴﺷﺎﺣ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻥﺩﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ،ﻱﺍ

ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﻨﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ

ﺕﺮﻛ ﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺕﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨﺘﺷ ﺭﺩ

ﻝﻮﻃ

ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺭﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ٣٠

، ٦٠ ، ٩٠ ﺯﻭﺭ

ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ .

ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ

ﺕﺍﺭﺩﺍﻮﻛ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ١

× ١ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻱﺭﺍﺩﺮﺑ

ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ،ﻱﺭﻭﺁ ﻭ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ .

ﻠﻋ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻒ ﻚﺸﺧ ﺍﻮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﻭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ ٧٠

ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﮕﻴﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ٤٨

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ

(4)

۱۲۶ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﺎﺑ ﻱﻭﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻡﺪﺻ ﻚﻳ ﺖﻗﺩ .

ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ

ﻂﺧ ﻚﻳ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻴﻠﻴﻣ ﺶﻛ

ﺮﻫ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﺑ ١٥

ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺗ ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻳ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ

ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

ﺪﺷ . ﺮﻫ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﻭ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻩﻮﺤﻧ

١٥ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺎﺒﻜﻳ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ

. ﺖﻬﺟ

ﻩﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ ١٥

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻩﺯﻭﺭ

٥ / ٠ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻱﺭ

ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ .

ﮒﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺞﻨﺳ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻩﺎﮕﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ

، ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﻫ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ .

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﺰﻴﻧ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﮓﭘ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺎﺑ ٦٠

، ٩٠ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻭ

ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﻭ ﺵﺭﺎﻤﺷ .

ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺱﺭﺎﻧ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻴﻤﺗ ﻩﻮﻬﻗ ﻙﻼﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

ﻲﻧﻭﺭﺩ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻱﺍ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

(Bell et al., 1993)

ﻞﻛ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﻫ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﻱﺍﻮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻔﻫ ﻭﺩ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ،ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ )

ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ

ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺭ ( ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺎﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ

ﻥﻭﺁ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ )

ﻱﺎﻣﺩ ٦٠ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ ﮔ

ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺍﺮ ٤٨

ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ( ﻪﮕﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ .

ﺖﻗﺩ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﻭﺯﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ

ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻦﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﻡﺮﮔ ﻡﺪﺻ ﻚﻳ .

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﻩﺎﮕﻧﺁ

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ .

ﺏﺮﻀﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻲﻫﺩ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ )

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻥﺯﻭ (

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

(Bell et al., 1993)

. ﺎﻧﺁ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺰﻴﻟ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ

ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ SAS

. ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﻜﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ

. ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ

ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻡﺮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ

EXCEL

ﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ .

ﺚﺤﺑ ﻭ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸ )

ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ (

ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ

ﻱﺪﻨﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ

. ﺱﻭﺮﺧ ﺝﺎﺗ

(Amaranthus retofelexus L.)

،

ﻪﻤﻠﺳ ﻩﺮﺗ )

Chenopodium album L.

( ﻪﻓﺮﺧ ،

(Portolaca

oleracea L.)

ﻩﺎﻴﺳ ﻱﺰﻳﺮﺟﺎﺗ ﻭ

(Solanum nigrum L.)

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺎﺗ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺕﺮﻛ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺐﻟﺎﻏ ﻦﻳﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

. ﻪﻨﻣﺭﺩ

)

Artemisia biennis Willd.

( ﻍﺮﻣ ،

(Cynodon dactylon

ﻲﻏﺮﻣ ﻪﺠﻨﭘ ،L.)

)

Digitaria sanguinalis L.

( ،

ﺥﺮﺳ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ ﻍﺮﻣ

(Eleusine indica L.)

ﻭ ﺩ ﻩﺭﻮﺗﺍ

(Datura

stramonicum L.)

ﺕﺮﻛ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

. ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺕﺮﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻀﻌﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻛﺍﺮﭘ ﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻭ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻩﻭﺮﮔ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﺎﺒﻋ ﻲﺸﺣﻭ ﺞﻳﻮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻨﺗﺭ )

Daucus carota L.

( ﺏﺍﺰﻴﺳ

ﻲﺸﺣﻭ )

Veronica persica poir

( ﻡﻮﻟﺎﭙﺳﺎﭘ

(Paspalum

dilatatum poir)

ﺩﺭﺯ ﻡﻼﺳﺭﺎﻳﻭﺍ ﻭ

(Cyperus esculantus

.L.)

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ )

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( ﻣ ﻁﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻨﻳﺍ ﻲ

ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ

.

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻭ

ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﻮﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜ

ﺍﺪﻧ ﻪﺘﺷ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻱﺩﺎﺼﺘﻗﺍ ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ

(Barry et al., 1996)

. ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ )

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( ﻱﺭﻮﻄﺑ ، ﻪﻛ

ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ١٠

ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ .

ﺖﻠﻋ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ،ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻊﻳﺮﺳ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺮﺗ .

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻲﻨﻴﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ

ﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﻴﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻲﻟﺎﺧ ﻱﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

. ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

(5)

...

۱۲۷

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻥﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻭ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺿﺮﻋ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻌﻳﺮﺳ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺗ

ﺮﺘ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺖﺴﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

Andriw & Wilcut, 2002)

( . ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ

ﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻛ

ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺎﺗ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﺩﺮﻴﮔ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺭﺍﺩ

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻲﻤﻧ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺮﻓ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

(Fiebig et al., 1991)

.

ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٩٠

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ )

ﺎﺑ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

( ﺯﺍ ﻞﺒﻗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻭ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺍﺪﻧ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﻥﻮﭼ

ﺭﺩ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﻫ ﻭ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ

ﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺍﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻞ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﭘﻮﻧﺎﻛ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﻮﻧ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﺬﺑ ﻲﻧﺯ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯ

ﺪﺷ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣﺍ

ﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻌﺑﺮ

ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﺗ

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ .

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷ . ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﺎﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻩ

ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺯﻮﻨﻫ

ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺮﻧ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻱﺪﺷﺭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺯﻮﻨﻴﻣﻮﮕﻟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺭﺍﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺑ ﹰﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻲﻣﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺪﻧ ﺍﺭ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

(Barry et al., 1996)

ﻪﻛ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻄﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﺘﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺖﺳﺍﺪﻴﭘ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ٨

/ ١٤ ﻭ ٣ ﻱﺭﺎﻣﺁ ﻅﺎﺤﻟ ﺯﺍ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺎﻣ ﻭﺩ ﺩﻭﺪﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺮﻴﮕﻤﺸﭼ ﺕﺎﻓﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ

. ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺳﺎﺴﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ٥٠

ﺎﺗ ٦٠ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ ﻞﮔ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻑﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ

ﮓﭘ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻉﻭﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻲﻫﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻭ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

(Jaffar & Gardner, 1988; Fiebig et al., 1991)

. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻞﮔ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﮓﭘ ،ﺎﻫ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺰﺨﻣ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺍﺮﻓ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺰﺘﻨﺳﻮﺘﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﮓﭘ ﻭ ﻞﮔ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﹰﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﻭ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺪﻨﭼ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ

ﺪﻫﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻛ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺕﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻚﺗ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ، ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﮒﺮﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ

ﻲﻣ ﺖﻓﺍ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ

٨٠

ﺎﺗ ١٠٠ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(David et al., 2001)

٧٧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Choudhury et al., 1997)

، ٤٤ / ٤١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Hausar et al.,

1979)

ﻭ ٩٤ / ٢١ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

(Fiebig et al., 1991)

ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﺪﺷ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻣﺎﻧ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻪﻄﺳﺍﻭ ﺤ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﺩﻭﺪ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ

. ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺕﺎﺷﺭﺍﺰﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ

(Ghosh & Biswas, 1995)

،

ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻑﻼﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻋ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺭﺩ ﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺭ

ﺩﺮ

ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ .

ﻲﻳﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ

ﻞﮔ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗ ﺲﻧﺎﺷ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ ١٥

ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﮓﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻢﻛ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻑﻼﻏ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

Andriw & Wilcut, 2002)

( .

ﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻮ

ﺖﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺗﺄ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛ )

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ .(

ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ

ﻱﺪﻨﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺭﺎﻴﺴﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻡﺯﻻ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ

. ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺮﻳﺯ

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻥﺰﺨﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻋ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻭ ﻱﻮﻗ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻥﺯﻭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ

(6)

۱۲۸ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ

۴۰ ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ، ۴ ، ۱۳۸۸

ﻑﻼﻏ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ

(Gardner & Auma, 1989; David

et al., 2001)

. ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻦﻴﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻚﺗ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﺩ

ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻩﺎﻣ ﻪﺳ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻜﻳﺭﻮﻄﺑ ﻲﻧﺯ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻚﺗ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ٥٤

ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

(Raghvani et al., 1984)

. ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ

ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ )

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ١ ( ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

٨ / ١٤

ﻭ ٣ / ٨ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻧﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ

. ﺖﺷﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺭﺩ

ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻥﻼﻴﮔ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺳﺩ ﺎﺑ ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ

ﻲﻣ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻋﺭﺰﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺯﺮﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺖﺷﺍﺩﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ

ﻥﺯﻭ ﺮﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ .

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ ‐ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻚﺸﺧ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﻨ

ﺕﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ

ﻡﻮﺳ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻪﺟﺭﺩ

ﻱﺩﺍﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ٢٨

/

٣٣٥ ^ns ٥٢٠٧/٧٩^** ٢١٠٤/٤٤^ns ٣٤٦/٣٨^ns ٢ ﻙﻮﻠﺑ ٠٧

/

٦٤٩٨ ^ns ١٨٣٨/٧٢^ns ٨٦٦٥/٩^* ٢/٠٣^ns ١ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ٤٤

/

٥١٧٩ ^* ٣١٦٠/٠٦^* ١٦٧٨٨/٣٦^* ٧٠٤/٥٨^ns ٣ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ٧٤

/

٩٩٥ ^ns ٤٦٨/٢٩^ns ٣٢٠٩/٢٢^ns ١٠١/١١^ns ٣ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ٥٦

/

١٤٦٠ ١١٨٧/٦٩ ١٨٥٧/٠٧ ٢٢٧/٩٣ ١٤ ﺎﻄﺧ ٩٩

/

١٤ ١٠/٢٦ ١١/٩٩ ١٧ /٣ (%)ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ،ns ﻭ **

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ* ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ،ﺭﺍﺩ

ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﺩ ١

ﻭ ٥ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱ

٢ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ .

ﺪﺷﺭ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ

ﺪﻨﻛ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻡﺍﺩﺎﺑ

ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻣ ﻲﺗﺪ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ

ﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻌﻗﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ

(Hausar et al., 1979)

. ﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﻝﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﻖﻓﻮﻣ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺮﺗ .

ﺭﺩ ﺎﺑ ﻞﻴﻄﺘﺴﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﻦﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ

) ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻭ ﻱﻭﺭ

ﺎﻛ ﺖﺷ ( ﺍﺭ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﺍ

ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺯﺮﻫ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ

(Choudhury et al., 1997; David et al.,

2001)

. ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ .

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﹰﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﻥﺁ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﻮﺷ

. ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ

ﻱﺎﻀﻓ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺎﻐﺷﺍ

ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﻛ ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

. ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ

ﺵﻭﺭ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻩﺯﺭﺎﺒﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻲﻫ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻩﺩﺮﺸﻓ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺮﺗ ﻒﻳﺩﺭ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺗ

ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﻜﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻱﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻞﺼﻓ ﻱﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﺭﺩ

. ﹰﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ

ﻭ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﻲﻣ ﺥﺭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ .

ﺮﮔﺍ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ

ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﺘﺷﺎﻛ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻋﺍﺭﺯ ﻩﺎﻴﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﺳ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﻗﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺯﺍﺪﻧﺍ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ . ﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻣﻮﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻡﻭﺩ ﻪﻠﺣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺯﺮﻫ .

ﺪﻌﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻝﻭﺍ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ

ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﺵﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺭ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ

ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ

ﺭﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺶﺷﻮﭘ ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﺰﺒﺳ ﻪﻧﺍﻮﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ

ﻒﻠﻋ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺯ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻒﻠﻋ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﺭﺍﺩﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺯﺮﻫ

ﻡﺭﺎﻬﭼ ﻭ ﻡﻮﺳ ،ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﺭﺩ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﻛﺪﻧﺪﻳﺩﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ

) ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۶ ﻭ ۷ (.

ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻒﻠﻋ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺪﻳﺩﺮﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﺩ

.

ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﮓﭘ

ﻙﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻒﻠﻋ

ﺯﺮﻫ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﺶﻳﺍﺭﺁ ﻭ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺲﻧﺎﻳﺭﺍﻭ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺘﻣﺍﺭﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﻛﺬﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ٣ ﻭ ٤ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ .

ﺭﺩ ٦٠ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺯﻭﺭ

ﺖﺷﺎﻛ ) ﻡﻭﺩ ﻦﻴﺟﻭ (

ﺕﺎﺑﺎﻌﺸﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ

ﻭ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﮓﭘ

ﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻙﺎﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺐ

٥ ﻭ ١