ﯾ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻤ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯿﯿ ﻌﺗ زﻮﻠ
ﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ
،ﺲ زﻮﺗ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ و سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ﯾﻌ
ﯽ ﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯾ
شور ﻪﺑ ﺰ
ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻻﺎﺑ
ﻮﺟدﺎﺷ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،1
ﯿ ﻖﺛﻮﻣ ﻦ
2
*
1 - اﺮﺘﮐد ي ا ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ي هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ، ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣاد ﯽ
، ﺪﺣاو
،ﺮﺘﺴﺒﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ
،
،ﺮﺘﺴﺒﺷ اﯾ ناﺮ .
2 - ياﺮﺘﮐد ﺼﺼﺨﺗ ﯽ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ داﻮﻣ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ
، ﺸﻧاد ﯿ رﺎ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﺶﺨﺑ ﯾ
ﯽ
، ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣاد هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ﯽ
ﺪﺣاو ،
،ﺮﺘﺴﺒﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ
،
،ﺮﺘﺴﺒﺷ اﯾ ناﺮ .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 18 / 05 / 1401
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 10 / 10 / 1401
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ ﯽ
،
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ ، ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ،ﻻﺎﺑ
ﺮﺒﺗ ﯾﺰ .
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.133.59
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﮏ ﯽ
ﭘ زوﺮﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺪﻣﺎ ي ﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﯽ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد
ﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ . ا زا فﺪﻫ ﯾ
ﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﯿﯿ
ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ) ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻮﺳﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﺲ (
ﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯾ
دﻮﺑ ﺰ . اﺮﺑ ي ا ﯾ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ 60 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 20
ا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ ﺮﻫ ز ﯽ
( هﺎﮕﺷوﺮﻓ زا ﺎﻫ
ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ﯾ
ﯽ دروﺮﻓ زا ﯾ هﺎﻣدادﺮﺧ ﺎﺗ هﺎﻣ ﻦ
1400 ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
روآ ﻊﻤﺟ ي
دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪ . ﻣﯿ ﺎﺗ ناﺰ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ شور ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻌﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾ ﺪ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﮐ زا ﺎﻫ
ي ﻗﺎﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ﺬﺧا ﯿ
هﺪﻧﺎﻤ
ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ رد ﻦ 90 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﻫﺎ
ي ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ و سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ و ﺲ 100
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾ
ﺪ . ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ و سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﺲ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿ ﺐ 62 / 2 34± / 19 ، 62 / 2 /± 22 و 62 / 2 2± / 39 ﻣ ﯿ ﮐ رد مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ ﯿ
دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ .
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد ﻦ ﯽ
راد ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺳ زا ﺶ ﺎﯾ ﺮﻓ ﺮ آ هدرو ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ دﻮﺑ .
ا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﯾ ﻣ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﻢﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺲﮐﺪﮐ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ زا ﺮﺗ )
100 ﻣ ﯿ مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ
ﮐ رد ﯿ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ( دﻮﺑ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد ﻦ 90
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد
ﻨﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽ
راد ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺶ ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ زا ﺮﺗ 70
دﻮﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد .
ﻣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﯿ اﺰ ﻗﺎﺑ ن ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯾ
ﺋﺎﭘ ﺰ ﯿ ﻣ ﻦ ﯽ هدروآﺮﻓ مواﺪﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
[ DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0 ] [ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-07 ]
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
هزوﺮﻣا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ رد ماد ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻻد ﯾ ﻞ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ زا ﺒﻗﯿ ﻞ
،نﺎﻣرد ﭘﯿ ﮕﺸ ﯿﺮ ي زا ﺑﯿ رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ و اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ارﺎﮐ ﯾ ﯽ
اﺬﻏ ي ﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﯽ ) اﺰﻓا ﯾ بﺬﺟ ﺶ اﺬﻏداﻮﻣ
ﯾ ﯽ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ كزﺎﻧ نﺪﺷ
دﯾ هراﻮ هدور رﺎﺑ ﯾ ﮏ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺘﻧآ
ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ ( ﺮﻣا ي
بﺎﻨﺘﺟا ﺬﭘﺎﻧ ﯾﺮ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 1 .[
ﺮﻫ هدﺎﻣ ﺷ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ هﺪﺷ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
تادﻮﺟﻮﻣ هﺪﻧز ﻣ ﯿ ﭘﻮﮑﺳوﺮﮑ ﯽ و ﯾ ﺎ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﻋﻮﻨﺼﻣ ﯽ
ﻪﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﻔﻗو ﺪﭘ ﯾ هﺪ ﺎﻫ ي ﺣ ﯿﺗﺎ ﯽ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ هﺪﻧز د ﯾ ﺮﮕ ﺷ
،دﻮ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻣﺎﻧ ﯿ ﻣ هﺪ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﺮﺜﮐا رد ﮏ
ﺷ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ عاﻮﻧا رد ﯿ
اﺮﺑ و دراد دﻮﺟو ﺮ ي
راﺪﻘﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺤﺻ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ
ﺎﻋر و وراد زا ﺢ ﯾ
ﻫﺮﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺖ ﯿ
وراد ﺰ ﯾ ﯽ
روﺮﺿ ماد رﺎﺘﺸﮐ زا ﻞﺒﻗ ي
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 2 .[
ﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو اﻮﻓ ﯾ ﺪ ﺮﮐذ هﺪﺷ
رد درﻮﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
،ﺎﻫ ﺎﻘﺑ ﯾﺎ ي نآ ﺎﻫ رد داﻮﻣ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ
درﻮﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ نﺎﺴﻧا ﻣ ﯽ ﺿراﻮﻋ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽ
ا ار ﯾ ﺎﻤﻧ دﺎﺠ ﯾﺪ و ﺐﺒﺳ
رﻮﻬﻇ ﻮﺳ ﯾﻪ ﺎﻫ ي موﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ي ﺎﻫ ددﺮﮔ . ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
رد لﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﺧا ﯿﺮ رد نﺎﻬﺟ نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد دﻮﺟو اﯾ ﻦ ﺮﻄﺧ هﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ
رد هدروآﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣاد ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 3 .[
سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﻧاﻮﻗ ﯿ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﻦ ﻠﻠﻤﻟا ﯽ و
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻠﻣ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ رد ﻫ ﯿ ﭻ ماﺪﮐ زا داﻮﻣ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﺄﺸﻨﻣ
ﻣاد ﯽ ﺎﺒﻧ ﯾﺪ ﻣ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ زا ﺶ .
ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻣ رد ﺐﻠﻏا ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ي رد لﺎﺣ ﺪﺷر ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻠﻣ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي
زرا ﯾﺑﺎ ﯽ اﯾ ﻦ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯿ هﺪﻧﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ رد هدروآﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣاد ﯽ دﻮﺟو
،دراﺪﻧ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺧﺮﺑ رد ﮏ ﯽ
هدروآﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ي ﻤﺨﺗ ﯿﺮ ي
ﻣ ﯽ ﺑ زا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻦﺘﻓر ﻦ ﯿ
ﻧﺎﮔراوﺮﮑ ﯿ ﻢﺴ ﺎﻫ ي ﻔﻣ ﯿ و ﺪ
ﻣﯿ بوﺮﮑ ﺎﻫ ي ددﺮﮔ ﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ ]
4 .[
ﺴﺑ ﯿ رﺎ ي زا هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ رد ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣاد ﯽ درﻮﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
راﺮﻗ ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﯿ ﺪﻧﺮ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻢﻫ ﻦ ﯾﮑ ﯽ نآ زا ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ] 5 .[
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا زا ﮔ هوﺮ ﻟوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ﯿ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫﺪ . اﯾ وراد ﻦ
ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺳﺄﺘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ماد كارﻮﺧ رد ﺪﺷر قﻮﺸﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ .
ﻮﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا هداد نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯾ
ﻣ ﻪ ﯿ ﺑوﺮﮑ ﯽ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ موﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ
زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
ﺣ زا ﯿ زﺎﺳاﺪﺟ تﺎﻧاﻮ ي
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ]
7 و 6 .[
ا رد ﯾ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ناﺮ ي
اﺮﺑ ي ﻗﺎﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ ﯽ
ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ و دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟ .
ﺲﯾوﺮﺳ ﺳرزﺎﺑ ﯽ ﻨﻤﯾا ﯽ داﻮﻣ ﯾاﺬﻏ ﯽ اﯾ تﻻﺎ ﺮﻣآ هﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﯾ ﺎﮑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ
هﺪﻧﺎﻤﯿﻗﺎﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻫ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ار ﺰﺟ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ
دﻮﺧ راﺮﻗ هداد و ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ شراﺰﮔ دراﻮﻣ ﯾ ﻪﮑ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
ﺶﯿﺑ زا ﻪﻨﯿﺸﯿﺑ زﺎﺠﻣﺪﺣ هﺪﻧﺎﻤﯿﻗﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ماﺪﻗا ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ] 4 .[
هدروآﺮﻓ هزوﺮﻣا
ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺳﻮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﯿ
و سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﺲ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﻞ ﯾ ﻌﻤﺟ ﺶ ﯿ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖ ي ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﮔﺪﻧز ﮏﺒﺳ ﺮ ﯽ
ژر رد ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻢ ﯾ ﯽ ﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ مدﺮﻣ ﯽ
ا ار ﯾ ﻣ ﺎﻔ ﯽ ﺪﻨﮐ .ا ﯾ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦ
اﺮﺑ ندﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻣآ رد ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ ي
هﺪﻋو رد فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي
اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . اﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هزوﺮﻣا ﯾ
ﻗ ﺶ ﯿ ﺖﻤ
رد ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ ]) 8 .[
شور ﺎﻫ ي دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ي ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻤﯿﻗﺎﺑ ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ رد
داﻮﻣ ﯾاﺬﻏ ﯽ رد ﺎﯿﻧد عاﺪﺑا هﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا ﻪﮐ شور ﺎﻫ ي
ﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑوﺮﮑﯿﻣ ﯽ
، ا ﯾ ﻦﻤ و ﺷ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ و شور ﺎﻫ ي ﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﯽ
زا لواﺪﺘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ نآ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ . ور ش ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ارﺎﮐ ﯾ ﯽ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ و ﮔﮋﯾو ﯽ ﻻﺎﺑ زا ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﺶﯿﺑ ﺮﺗ ي
رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﺳا ] 7 .[
ﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﻪﮑﻨ ﻗﺎﺑ دﻮﺟو ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻦ
ﻃﯿ ﻣ رﻮ ﯽ ا رﻮﻀﺣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدروآﺮﻓ رد وراد ﻦ ﯽ
ددﺮﮔ .
ا رد ﯾ ﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ وآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ هدر
ﺎﻫ ي
ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ زﻮﺗ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ و سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ،ﺲ ﯾﻌ
ﯽ ﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯾ
شور ﻪﺑ ﺰ
ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻌﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ا ،سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ رد ﻮﺠﺘﺴﺟ ﯾ
اﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ي
ﻟوا ﯿ ﺮﺑ رﺎﺑ ﻦ
ور ي ﻣ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ 60 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هدروآﺮﻓ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ) ﻞﻣﺎﺷ 20
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ 20 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﺲ و 20 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ( زا
ﺰﮐاﺮﻣ ﻪﺿﺮﻋ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ
ﯽ رد ﺮﻬﺷ ﺮﺒﺗ ﯾﺰ دروﺮﻓ زا ﯾ ﻦ هﺎﻣ
ﺎﺗ دادﺮﺧ هﺎﻣ لﺎﺳ 1400 ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺷﻮﺧ شور ا
ي ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﯽ و
ﻪﺑ مود ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ
ﯽ هدﺎﺳ ﺬﺧا ﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ رﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ زا ﺲ ي
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ ي
60
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي رﺎﺠﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ زا سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ ي
ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ي
60 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ و ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺪﻧﺮﺑ رﺎﻬﭼ زا ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
رﺎﺠﺗ ي ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ 70
) 10 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ( و 90 ﺪﺻرد ) 10
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ( ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ رد اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻤﺠﻨﻣ ﺪ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ هﺎﮕﺸ
ﺑﯿ ﺷﻮ ﯿﻤ ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻣزراﻮﺧ ﯽ لﺎﺳرا ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
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2 - 2 - جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺎﺗ
ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ زا هدروآﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ
ﺎﺗ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﺖﻬﺟ ﯾ
زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﻦ جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا شور زا ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﻊ - ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻊ .
ﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رد 4 ﻪﺟرد
ﺴﻠﺳ ﯿ سﻮ رد ﺮﺑاﺮﺑpH 8 ﺎﺑ ﻧﻮﺘﺳا ﯿ ﺮﺘ ﯾ ﻞ ) 2 ﻪﺑ 1 ( ﮕﻤﻫ ﻦ زﺎﺳ ي
و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯿ ﻞﺣ ﻦ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺳ ﺘﺳاوﺮﻠﮐ ﯿ ﮏ ﺳا ﯿ ﺪ هداد بﻮﺳر
ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭙﺳ رد 2500 رود ﺮﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯾﻔ ﯿ ژﻮ و ﺖﻧﺎﺗﺎﻧﺮﭘﻮﺳ ﺎﺑ
كﺎﭘ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﮑﻔﺗ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﻊ - ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﻊ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا د ي
نﺎﺘﻣوﺮﻠﮐ كﺎﭘ
زﺎﺳ ي ﺪﺷ . اﯾ ﻢﻨ لﻮﻠﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺬﻏﺎﮐ ﻓﺎﺻ ﯽ 45
ﻣﯿ ﻓﺮﺘﻣوﺮﮑ ﯿ ﺮﺘﻠ و ﺎﻬﻧ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ رد 20 - ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ
ﺪﻬﮕﻧ را ي ﺪﺷ ] 10 و 9 .[
2 - 3 - شور HPLC
20 ﻣ ﯿ ﻟوﺮﮑ ﯿ ﺮﺘ زا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺼﻋ crystl-200
) نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا ( رﺰﺗ ﯾ ﻖ ﺲﭙﺳ ،ﺪﺷ زﺎﺳاﺪﺟ
ي ور ي ﯾ ﮏ نﻮﺘﺳ
3 × 125 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﺷ ) Purospher, C18, 5mm (
ﻪﮐ
ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﮏ نﻮﺘﺳ ﻣ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﺪﺷ . ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ HPLC ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﮏ ﺳ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ
داﺮﮔ ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﺠﺘﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
نﺎ 7/
0 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯿ ﻣ رﺎﮐ ﻪﻘ ﯽ دﺮﮐ . زﺎﻓ
كﺮﺤﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ود ﻮﺷ ءﺰﺟ ﯾ هﺪﻨ )A ﻧﻮﺘﺳا ﯿ ﺮﺘ ﯾ ﻞ ( و ﻮﺷ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﻪﮐ B
ﻧﻮﻣآ ﯿ مﻮ تﺎﺘﺳا 1/
0 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﻟ رد ﺮﺘ ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘ . ا رد ﯾ ﺎﻣزآ ﻦ ﯾ ﺶ زا ﯾ ﮏ
داﺮﮔ ﯾ نﺎ ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ي ﻄﺧ ﯽ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣود ا ي هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ
ﻟوا ﯿ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪ ) A–B
0:100 ﻤﺠﺣ ، ﯽ ﻤﺠﺣ/ ﯽ ( ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ اﺮﺑ ي 1
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ﻣادا ﻪ ﺖﺷاد . رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ داﺮﮔ ﯾ
،لوﺎﻧﺎ ﺪﺻرد ﻮﺷ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﺎﺗ A
30 ردﺪﺻرد 3 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ رد ،ﺖﻓﺎ ﻟﺎﺣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﻮﺷ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﻪﺑ B
70 ﺪﺻرد ) ﻤﺠﺣ ﯽ ﻤﺠﺣ/ ﯽ ( ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . رد ﺣ ﯿ ﻦ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ
داﺮﮔ ﯾ
،موﺪﻧﺎ ﻮﺷ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﻃ A ﯽ 3 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ﻪﺑ 95 ﺪﺻرد ﺳر ﯿ رد ،ﺪ
ﻟﺎﺣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ ﻮﺷ ﯾ هﺪﻨ ﻪﺑ B رﺪﺗ ﯾ ﺞ ﻪﺑ 5 ﺪﺻرد ) ﻤﺠﺣ ﯽ ﻤﺠﺣ/ ﯽ (
ﺳر ﯿ ﺪ . اﯾ ﻦ ﺮﺷ اﯾ ﻂ اﺮﺑ ي 4 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ﻆﻔﺣ و ﺪﺷ ﯾ ﮏ ﺪﻧور 3
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ا ي ﺲﭘ زا ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ اﺮﺑ ي ﺖﺸﮔزﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﻂ ﻟوا ﯿﻪ ﻃ ﯽ ﺪﺷ .
ا رد ﯾ ﺎﻣزآ ﻦ ﯾ زا ﺶ زﺎﺳرﺎﮑﺷآ UV هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ رد
لﻮﻃ جﻮﻣ 280 ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎﻧ هزاﺪﻧا ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي تﺪﺷ و ﺪﺷ ﺮﺟ
ﯾ نﺎ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ
1/
0 ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ ﻟﯿ ﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘ ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘ . تﺪﻣ اﺮﺑ مزﻻ نﺎﻣز ي
ﻮﻠﺤﻣ رﻮﺒﻋ ل
وﺎﺣ ي ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ نﻮﺘﺳ زا ﻦ 7/
4 ﻗد ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘ ] 10 و 9 .[
2 - 4 - ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﺰ ي
اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ و ﻠﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ زا مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا وSPSS ﯾ اﺮ ﯾ ﺶ 23
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﺠﺗ ﯾﻪ راو ﯾ ﺲﻧﺎ زا نﻮﻣزآ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا F ﺪﺷ .
اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻪﺴ ﻣ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ عﻮﻧ زا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ
ﯿ ناﺰ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯿ نﺪﻧﺎﻤ وراد
زا نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﮑﻧاد ا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳ ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺑ ﻪﺴ ﯿ زا هوﺮﮔ ود ﻦ نﻮﻣزآ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا T .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ي رد اﯾ ﻦ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ زا 05 /0 ) p<0.05 ( رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧ ﺪﺷ .
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
ماﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي رد هﺪﺷ
لﺎﮑﺷا 1 ﺎﺗ 3 هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ .
Fig1Chromatogram of hamburger sample containing tylosin residue
Fig2Chromatogram of sausage sample containing tylosin residue
Fig3Chromatogram of sausage(Kalbas) sample containing tylosin residue
[ DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0 ] [ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-07 ]
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 1
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ رد ﻦ
دﻮﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ .
ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺳر ﯿ
درﻮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ناﺰ
ﻤﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﺳﻮﺳ رد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺮ ﯿ
و ﺲ سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ ﺸﮐ ﺢﻄﺳ رد هﺪﺷ ا رﻮ
ﯾ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯿ دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ ﻪﺠ ي
ﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﯿ ﺖﺳا ﻪ .
Table 1 The mean of tylosin residue in meat products and comparing the means of tylosin residue between product types in Tabriz
Maximum of Tylosin residue(µg/Kg) Minimum of Tylosin
residue(µg/Kg) Mean of Tylosin
residue(Mean±SEM) µg/Kg Sample type
43.63 0
19.34b Sausage
38.68 0
22.2b Sausage(Kalbas)
50.19 28.3
39.2a Hamburger
2.62 SEM
0.0001 P value
Averages that do not have same alphabets have a significant difference (P <0.05)
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 2
رد 100 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي و ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ 90
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ و ﺲ ﯽ
ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﯾ ﻟو ﺪ ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺣ زا دﻮﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ .
Table.2The number of samples containing tylosin residue exceeds the limit of Codex standard [11].
Percent of samples less than MRL(100 µg/Kg
,Codex standard) Percent of samples more
than MRL(100 µg/Kg ,Codex standard) Percent of samples with
Tylosin residue Sample type
100 0
90 Sausage
100 0
90 Sausage(Kalbas)
100 0
100 Hamburger
لوﺪﺟ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ 3
ﻣ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي
صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ )
90 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد (
ﻪﺑ ﻨﻌﻤﺗرﻮﺻ ﯽ راد ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺶ
ﻗﺎﺑ زا ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻟﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﯽ
) 70 ﺪﺻرد ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
( ﻣ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﯽ ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ طﺎﺒﺗرا رد لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ناﺰ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
Table 3 The mean of tylosin residue in hamburgers and the mean comparison of tylosin residue between hamburgers with different percentage of meat in Tabriz
Maximum of Tylosin residue(µg/Kg) Minimum of Tylosin
residue(µg/Kg) Mean of Tylosin
residue(Mean±SEM) µg/Kg Sample type
39.69 28.3
34.6±1.10b Hamburger(70 percent
meat)
50.19 40.11
45.06±1.07a Hamburger(90 percent
meat)
Averages that do not have same alphabets have a significant difference (P <0.05)
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ا ي ﻣورا ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯿ
ﻫ و كﺎﺸﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪ لﺎﺳ رد نارﺎﮑﻤ
1392 ور ﺮﺑ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ ﮐ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد نﻮﻟﻮﻨ
ﻻا شور ﻪﺑ غﺮﻣ ﯾ
مﺎﺠﻧا اﺰ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا 395 ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 217
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 9/
54 ﺪﺻرد ( وﺎﺣ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ . زا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﮐ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
7/
48 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
2/
59 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﻫﺎ
ي وﺎﺣ غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ي
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﮐﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ نﻮﻟﻮﻨ .
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯽ ﮐ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد نﻮﻟﻮﻨ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ غﺮﻣ
ﯿ ﺐ 17 /1 51± /5 و 57 /0 86± / 37 ﻣ ﯿ ﺮﻫ رد مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ
ﮐﯿ دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ]
12 [.
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﻣورا ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﯿ ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑ ﻪ ﯽ
ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﯽ ﻣ نآ ﻞﻠﻋ ﻪﮐ دراﺪﻧ ﯽ
ﺘﻧآ عﻮﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ شور و ﮏ
ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ود رد ﮏ .
شور ﺖﻗد
ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻻا شور زا ﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺖﺳا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ اﺰ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ هدرواﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ د داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﺮﮕ ي ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺰﺠﺑ
[ DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0 ] [ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-07 ]
ﮐﺮﺗ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا هدروآﺮﻓ ﺐ ﯽ
ﻣ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯿ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻤ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺎﻘﻣ رد ﮏ ﯾ ﻟﺎﺧ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﺛﺎﺗ ﺺ
ﯿ ﻣ راﺬﮔﺮ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺟﺎﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﯿ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﮏ )
1390 ( 160 ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻠﮐ و ﺪﺒﮐ ،ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ﯿ
ﻃ ﻪﺷﻻ ﻪ ﯿ ﺘﺷﻮﮔ رﻮ ﯽ نﺎﺘﺳا زا ﺎﻫ ي
ﺎﺑرذآ ﯾ ﻗﺮﺷ نﺎﺠ ﯽ ﺎﺑرذآ ، ﯾ ﺑﺮﻏ نﺎﺠ ﯽ ﺑدرا و ﯿ ﻊﻤﺟ ﻞ روآ ي و ﺪﺷ
ﻣﯿ ناﺰ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ
شور ﻪﺑ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻠﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ ﯿﺘ ﯽ و
ﻻا ﯾ ﻌﺗ اﺰ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . ﺪﻌﺗ دا 28 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 5/
17 ﺪﺻرد ( وﺎﺣ ي
زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا ﯾ
و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﻦ 4
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ) 5/
2 ﺪﺻرد ( اراد ﻪﻠﻀﻋ ي
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺑ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯿ ﺶ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣزا ]
13 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﯾ
ﺞ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدرواﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﯽ دراﺪﻧ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي ﻗﺎﺑ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﯽ
ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻻ رد ﮏ ﻪﺷ
ﻃﯿ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ رﻮ ﯽ ﻠﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ شور ﻪﺑ ﯿﺘ
ﯽ ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . زا عﻮﻤﺠﻣرد
815 ﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﻪﺷﻻ ﯽ
4 / 65 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد رد ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺎﻫ
ﯾﮑ ﯽ زا
ﺎﻀﻋا ي ﺎﻣزآ درﻮﻣ ﯾ ﺶ ) ﻪﻠﻀﻋ - ﺪﺒﮐ - ﻠﮐ ﯿﻪ ( و ﻮﻀﻋ ود ﯾ
ﻮﻀﻋ ﻪﺳ ﺎ
اراد ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ . ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ
وﺎﺣ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻠﻀﻋ رد ﮏ دﻮﺑ ﻪ
] 14 .[
ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻦ ﯽ
دﻮﺑ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي نﺎﻣﺮﮐ نﺎﺘﺳا رد 474
زا غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
هﺎﮔرﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﺎﻫ ي هﺎﻣدادﺮﺧ زا نﺎﺘﺳا 1394
ﺎﻐﻟ ﯾ هﺎﻣرذآ ﺖ 1395
ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد و ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻠﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ شور ﻪﺑ ﮏ ﯿﺘ
ﯽ ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . عﻮﻤﺠﻣرد 02 /8
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ وﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ
ﮐورﻮﻠﻓ ﯿ ﻟوﺮﮐﺎﻣ ،نﻮﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ
رﻮﭙﺳﻮﻟﺎﻔﺳ ،ﺪ ﯾ
ﺎﺳاﺮﺘﺗ ،مﺎﺘﮐﻻﺎﺘﺑ ،ﻦ ﯾ
ﻠﮑ ﯿ ،ﻦ
ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ ﯿ ﻣآ و ﺪ ﯿ ﻠﮔﻮﻨ ﯿ زﻮﮑ ﯾ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪ ﯾ
ﺪ ] 15 .[
ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺴﺑ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ رد ﮏ ﯿ
ﮐ رﺎ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﺮﺘﻤ
ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﯽ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽ
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا شور ﺖﻗد ﺪﺳر رد هﺪﺷ
مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺋﺎﭘ نﺎﻣﺮﮐ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﯿ ﺖﺳا ﻦ .
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و مﺪﻘﻣ غﺎﺑد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد 70
و غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻢﺨﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧدﺮﺳ زا غﺮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﺮﻬﺗ نﺎﺘﺳا رد ﺶﺗرا رادﺮﺑ
ي
ﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﯿ ناﺰ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﻮﺗ ﯿ ﮏ ﻻا نﻮﻣزآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﯾ
ﻌﺗ اﺰ ﯿﯿ ﻦ
ﺪﺷ . زا 35 غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 35
) 100 ﺪﺻرد ( ، 30 ) 71 / 85
ﺪﺻرد ( و 28 ) 80 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯿ
وﺎﺣ ﺐ ي ﮐورﻮﻠﻓ ﯿ ،نﻮﻨ
ﺎﺳاﺮﺘﺗ ﯾ ﻠﮑ ﯿ ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻔﻟﻮﺳ و ﻦ ﯿ
ﻣ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪ ﯿ
ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﮏ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﺐ 30 /4 59± / 72 ، 6/
1 35± / 15
و 61 /3 52± / 36 ﻣ ﯿ ﮐ ﺮﻫ رد مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ ﯿ
دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ]
16 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ
ﯾ ﻠﻋ قﻮﻓ ﺞ ﯿ
ﺘﻧآ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ عﻮﻧ ﻢﻏﺮ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﮏ ﯽ ﺎﺗ هﺪﺷ
دوﺪﺣ ي ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﯽ
دراد . ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧزا ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ﻣ ناﺰ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻦ
ﮐرﻮﻠﻓ رد ﯿ ﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ نﻮﻨ ﯿ
ﺶ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﺮﺗ ﺎﺗ رد ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪ
ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
ﻟو ﺖﺳا ﯽ دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻣ ﺮ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﺎﺳ ﻦ ﯾ ﺘﻧآ ﺮ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻣ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﯿ
ناﺰ
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ هدرواﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ دﻮﺑ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد 90
زا غﺮﻣ ﺮﮕﺟ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
13 ﻃ هﺎﮔرﺎﺘﺸﮐ ﯿ
لﺎﺳ رد رﻮ 1397
دﺮﮔ ﺬﺧا ﯾ ﻣ و ﺪ ﯿ ناﺰ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ شور ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻊ ﯿ ﻒ ﻣﺮﺟ ﺞﻨﺳ ﯽ
ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . ﻟوﺮﮐﺎﻣ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا ﯿ
ﺪ ﻟ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺎﻣﻮﮑﻨ ﯾ ﺴ ﯿ هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ زا و ﻦ
ﮐﯿ نﻮﻟﻮﻨ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا ﺎﻫ ﯾ
ﺳ و ﻦ ﯿ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﭙ ﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾﺪ
. ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦ ﯽ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا ﻪﺑ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﻣ ﯾ
،ﻦ
ﻟﯿ ﺎﻣﻮﮑﻨ ﯾ ﺴ ﯿ ﺳ و ﻦ ﯿ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﭙ ﯾ
دﻮﺑ ﻦ . رد 24 و 16 دراﻮﻣ ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﻘﻓ ﺪﺒﮐ و ﻪﻠﻀﻋ وﺎﺣ ﻂ
ي ﯾ ﺘﻧآ عﻮﻧ ﮏ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ
] 17 .[
ﺘﻧآ عﻮﻧ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﮏ ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد هﺪﺷ
ﯽ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد و ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
ﺴﺑ ﯿ ﻢﮐ رﺎ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﺮﺗ .
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﻮﭘﺎﺑﺎﺑ )
1390 ( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي لﺎﺳ رد ﻪﮐ 1388
و
1389 ﺑدرا ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯿ
داد مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞ ﻠﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ شور زا ﺪﻧ
ﯿﺘ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ي
ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﮏ .
زا
عﻮﻤﺠﻣ 500 ﻊﻤﺟ ﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ روآ
ي زا هﺪﺷ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻬﺷ رد شوﺮﻓ ﺢﻄﺳ ﯿ
ﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ و وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﺐ
8/
22 و 14 وﺎﺣ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ ]
18 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﯽ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ
ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ ﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ و رﺎﮐ شور ﺖﻗد ،عﻮﻧ ﺪﺳر ﯿ
هدرواﺮﻓ نﻮ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺎﺘﻧ رد ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯿ
ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﺮ ﯽ دراد .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي ﮐﺮﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯿ
ﻣ ﻪ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ
،ﻦ
ﺴﮐاد ﯽ ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻠﮑ ﯿ ﺎﺗ و ﻦ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ زﻮﺗ غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻦ ﯾﻌ
ﯽ شور ﺎﺑ
ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﺗﺎﻣوﺮﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ﻊ ارﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﯽ ﻌﺗ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . ﻞﮐ زا 300
ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ روآ
ي هﺪﺷ 6/
3 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد وﺎﺣ
ي دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻗﺎﺑ ﺮ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﮐﺮﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣزا ﯿﻪ
) 100 ﺎﺗ 150 ﻣ ﯿ ﺮﻫ رد مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ
ﮐﯿ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ( ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . 2 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد وﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ
ي زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا ﯾ
،ﻦ 1
وﺎﺣ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﺴﮐاد ﯽ ﺎﺳ ﯾ ﻠﮑ ﯿ و ﻦ 6/
0 وﺎﺣ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
ﺑﯿ ﺶ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣزا .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻣ قﻮﻓ ﺞ ﯿ ﻗﺎﺑ ناﺰ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻓﺮﺼﻣ غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﮏ ﯽ
ﮐﺮﺗ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯿ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻪ
ﺖﺳا زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ ]
19 .[
ﺑ دراﻮﻣ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﯿ
ﺶ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣزا
[ DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0 ] [ Downloaded from fsct.modares.ac.ir on 2023-10-07 ]
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾ
ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ ﺪ ﯽ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ رد ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ا ي ﺑرا ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯿ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ قاﺮﻋ ﻞ ﻧاﺪﻬﺸﻤﻟا
ﯽ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ
ﺖﺳا . ا رد ﯾ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ 250
ﺢﻄﺳ زا وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
دﺮﮔ ﺬﺧا ﺮﻬﺷ رد شوﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﻗﺎﺑ و ﺪ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ﻠﭘ رﺎﻬﭼ شور ﻪﺑ ﯿﺘ
ﯽ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﮐ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ زا ﺎﻫ
8/
11
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد وﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ . ا رد ﯾ ﻦ
ﻦﺘﺨﭘ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
30 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ اﺮﺑ رﺎﮑﻫار ناﻮﻨﻋ ي
وﺎﺣ وﺎﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ فﺮﺼﻣ تاﺮﻄﺧ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ي
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﭘ ﮏ ﯿ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷدﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺳر
ﻫﺎﻣ ﯿ ﺘﻧآ عﻮﻧ ﺖ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺻﻮﺗ ﮏ ﯿ ﻠﮐ ﻪ ﯽ ﻧ ﯿ ﺧﺮﺑ و ﺖﺴ ﯽ
زا
ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻤﻧ سﺎﺴﺣ ﻻﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ] 20 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ
ﻧ ﺎﺑ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺘﯾ
ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﯽ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ .
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي داﺪﻌﺗ قاﺮﻋ رﻮﺸﮐ كﻮﻫد ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ رد 88
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻊﻤﺟ ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ هﺎﮔرﺎﺘﺸﮐ زا ﺪﻨﻔﺳﻮﮔ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ روآ
ي ﻣ و ﺪﺷ ﯿ ناﺰ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻻا شور ﻪﺑ ﮏ ﯾ
ﻌﺗ اﺰ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮔ ﻦ ﯾﺪ . ﻪﻠﻀﻋ رد
ﻗﺎﺑ ،ﻪﺘﺳار ﯽ ﺎﺳاﺮﺘﺗ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ
ﻠﮑ ﯿ رد ﻦ 9/
40 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ 45 / 138 ﻗﺎﺑ،
ﯽ ﻨﭘ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺳ ﯿﻠﯿ ﻦ ﺟ ﯽ رد 9/
40 ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ 64 / 355 ﻗﺎﺑ ، ﯽ ﺎﻣﻮﺘﭘﺮﺘﺳا هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯾ
ﺴ ﯿ رد ﻦ
45 / 45 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ 19 / 227 ﻗﺎﺑ و ﯽ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺎﻣﺎﺘﻨﺟ ﯾ ﺴ ﯿ رد ﻦ 63 / 13 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ 03 / 897
ﻣﯿ ﮐ ﺮﻫ رد مﺮﮔوﺮﮑ ﯿ
دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ . ﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﻗاﺮﻋ ﻦ ﯽ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪ
ﺘﻧآ قاﺮﻋ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ،قﻮﻓ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻪﻠﮔ رد ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻪﺟﻮﺗ نوﺪﺑ ماد
ﻫﺮﭘ هرود ﻪﺑ ﯿ
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ناراﺪﻣاد ﻂﺳﻮﺗ فﺮﺼﻣ زا ﺰ ﯽ
ﻪﮐ ،دﻮﺷ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ا قاﺮﻋ رد هﺪﺷ
ﯾ ﺋﺎﺗ ار درﻮﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻣﺪ ﯽ ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺪ
] 21 .[
ﻣﯿ ﻣ ناﺰ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﮏ
ﺑﯿ ﺶ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﺮﺗ .
رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ا ي ﺎﻬﮕﻧﺎﺷ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ي
ﭼ ﯿ ﻦ 125 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺷ ،غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ،ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﯿ
رد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ و ﺮ ﯾﺎﯾ
ﯽ ﻊﻤﺟ روآ ي ﺪﺷ .
ﻞﮐ رد 3/
35 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي
،ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ 2/
22 زا ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ،غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ 6/
10 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺷ ﯿ و ﺮ 1/
52
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي رد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾﺎﯾ
ﯽ وﺎﺣ ي ﺘﻧآ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
ﻮﺑ ﺪﻧد . رد 9/
5 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ
ﺴﮐور ﯽ ﺎﻣوﺮﺗ ﯾ ﺴ ﯿ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺪ ] 22 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﻢﻫ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ
ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﯽ ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﯽ
رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﺪﺳر
ﭼ ﯿ ﻦ ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺶ رد تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﺮﺗ ﯾﺎﯾ
ﯽ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ا ي ﻧ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯿ
ﺮﺠ ﯾ زا ﻪ 50 ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد هﺪﺷﺬﺧا
،هﺎﮔرﺎﺘﺸﮐ 44
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد وﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
ﻨﭘ و ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﯽ ﺳ ﯿﻠﯿ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦ ﯽ ﺑ رد ار ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻪﮑﺘﺷاد ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ﺞ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽ
ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ] 23 .[
ﻟ ﯽ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ا
ي ﺑﻮﻨﺟ هﺮﮐ رﻮﺸﮐ رد ﯽ
نﺎﺘﺳا ﺞﻨﭘ زا ،
58 ﻊﻤﺟ ار غﺮﻣ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ روآ
ي ﻧ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤ . ﻞﮐ رد 45 ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ وﺎﺣ ﺎﻫ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﮏ . دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺘﻧآ ﺮ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ زﺎﺠﻣ ﺪﺣ رد ﺎﻫ .
ﺴﮐﻮﻣآ ﯽ ﺳ ﯿﻠﯿ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺑ رد ار ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﻪﺒﺗر رد و ﺖﺷاد ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺪﻌﺑ ي زﺎﺴﮐﻮﻠﻓوﺮﻧا ﯾ
ﻦ
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ لوزﺎﺴﮐﻮﺘﻣﺎﻔﻟﻮﺳ و ]
24 .[
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ قﻮﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ
ﻣ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﺎﻫ
ي وﺎﺣ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﻢﮐ ﮏ ﺮﺗ
ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ زا ﯽ
ﺖﺳا .
ﺘﺷﻮﮔ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد ﯽ
ﻪﺿﺮﻋ ا رد هﺪﺷ ﯾ
هدروآﺮﻓ ناﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺳﻮﺳ ﯿ ﺎﻣد ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ رد سﺎﺒﻟﺎﮐ و ﺲ ي
70 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ
ﻣ راﺮﻗ ﯽ ﮔﯿ ﻬﺗ ﻦﻏور رد ندﺮﮐ خﺮﺳ شور ﺎﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ و ﺪﻧﺮ ﯿ
و ﻪ
ﻣ راﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﮔﯿ ﺮ د . ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا ي ﺘﻤﺸﺣ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد ار ﺎﻣد ﺮ ﯿ
ﺎﺗ ناﺰ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦ ﯽ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رد ندﺮﮐ خﺮﺳ ﺪﺳر ﯿ
ﺎﺗ ناﺰ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﻦ ﯿ
ﺮ
ﻟو دراد ﯽ ﻨﺌﻤﻄﻣ شور ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ي ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﻗﺎﺑ فﺬﺣ ﺎ ﯽ
هﺪﻧﺎﻣ
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻧ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ زا ﻦ ﯿ
ﺖﺴ ] 6 .[
ﻪﺋارا ﺐﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ،هﺪﺷ
ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﮑﺸﻣ ﻦ فﺮﺼﻣ رد ﻞ
اﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ وﺎﺣ ي ﻗﺎﺑ ﯽ ﺘﻧآ هﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ زوﺮﺑ ﮏ
ﻣﯿ بوﺮﮑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﻧآ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد موﺎﻘﻣ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺑ نﺎﻣرد رد هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺧﺮﭼ زا وراد نﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯿ
رﺎﻤ ي ﺎﻫ
ددﺮﮔ . اﯾ ﺑ ﻞﮑﺸﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺶ ﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ رد ﺮﺗ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
ﺑ فﺮﺼﻣ ﯽ ور ﯾ ﺘﻧآ ﻪ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻌﻤﺟ رد ﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﯽ ﻣاد و ﯽ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺻﻮﺗ هزوﺮﻣا ﯿ
ﻣ ﻪ ﯽ ﻫﺮﭘ هرود ﻪﮐ ددﺮﮔ ﯿ
زا ﺰ
ماد رد فﺮﺼﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﻧآ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ نﺎﻣرد ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺎﻋر ﮏ ﯾ ددﺮﮔ ﺖ .
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺧﺮﺑ رد ﻦ ﯽ ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻤﺨﺗ ﯿﺮ ي ﻣ زا ﻪﮐ ﯿ بوﺮﮑ ﺎﻫ ي
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ ﯽ
ﺘﻧآ رﻮﻀﺣ دﻮﺷ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ ﻟوا مﺎﺧ داﻮﻣ رد ﺎﻫ ﯿ
ﻪ
ﻣ ﯽ ﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻣ ﺪﺷر زا ﯿ بوﺮﮑ ﺎﻫ ي و ددﺮﮔ ﺮﮔزﺎﻏآ
ترﺎﺴﺧ ﺎﻫ ي دﺎﺼﺘﻗا ي ﻧاواﺮﻓ ﯽ ا ار ﯾ ﺎﻤﻧ دﺎﺠ ﯾ ﺪ ] 25 .[
4 - ﺘﻧﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻠﮐ ﯽ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞ ﯽ
اﺮﺷ رد ﯾ ﻠﻌﻓ ﻂ ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ ﺎﺗ ناﺰ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
هدروآﺮﻓ عاﻮﻧا رد ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ زﻮﺗ ﯾﻌ ﯽ ﺮﺒﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ رد ﯾ
ﺪﺣ رد ﺰ
ﻟو ﺖﺳا زﺎﺠﻣ ﯽ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي وﺎﺣ ي ﺎﺗ ﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﻦ
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نﺎﺸﻧ ا رﻮﻀﺣ هﺪﻨﻫد ﯾ
ﺘﻧآ ﻦ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ رد ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﯽ رد
اﯾ هدروآﺮﻓ ﻦ دراد ﺎﻫ
. ﺑ رد ﯿ هدروآﺮﻓ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ،ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
ﻪﺑ وﯾ ﺎﺑ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ هﮋ 90
ﺑ ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺶ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ ناﺰ
ﺎﺗﯾ زﻮﻠ ﯾ ﺖﺷاد ار ﻦ .
ﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﺑ ﯽ نﺎﮔراﺪﺳر ﺎﻫ ي ﺗرﺎﻈﻧ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺪ
ﻪﺑ ﻗﺎﺑ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﯽ
ﺘﻧﺂﻫﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﯿ ﮏ عاﻮﻧا رد ﺎﻫ
هدروآﺮﻓ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ ﺎﭘ ار ﯾ ﻌﺗ و ﺶ ﯿﯿ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻦ ﯾ زا ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨ
ﺪﻌﺑ تﻼﮑﺸﻣ زوﺮﺑ ي
ﭘ ﯿ ﮕﺸ ﯿﺮ ي دﻮﺷ .
5 - ﺪﻘﺗ ﯾ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ و ﺮ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ جﺮﺨﺘﺴﻣ ﺎﭘ زا ﯾ نﺎ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ اﺮﺘﮐد ي ﻪﻓﺮﺣ ا ي ﻪﺘﺷر
ﮑﺷﺰﭙﻣاد ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دازآ ﻣﻼﺳا ﯽ ﺪﺣاو ﺮﺘﺴﺒﺷ ﺖﺳا . ﻮﻧ ﯾ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ دﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻣ ﺐﺟاو ﯽ ﺪﻨﻧاد ﻪﮐ زا ﺴﻣ تﺪﻋﺎ ﺮﺘﮐد يﺎﻗآ ﻠﻋ ﯿ ﺎﺿﺮ
هدازﺪﻤﺣا ﺖﻬﺟ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ يﺎﻫﺰ يرﺎﻣآ و ﺎﻗآ ي ﻠﻋ ﺮﺘﮐد ﯽ ﺮﺒﮐا
ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ي ياﺮﺑ رﺎﺟﻮﺑ يرﺎﮑﻤﻫ
رد مﺎﺠﻧا ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻖ ﺮﮑﺸﺗ و
ﻧادرﺪﻗ ﯽ ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺪﻨ .
- 6 ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Determination of Tylosin Residues in the Distributed Sausages and Hamburger Products in Tabriz by High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography method
Shadjou, J. 1, Movassagh, M. H. 2*
1. D.V.M., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2022/ 08/ 09 Accepted 2022/ 12/ 31 Keywords:
Meat Products, Tylosin, HPLC, Tabriz.
Antibiotic residues in meat products may have public health implications. The aim of this study was to determine the tylosin residue level in meat products(sausages, persian sausages, and hamburgers) in Tabriz. For this study 60 samples( 20 samples from each meat product) were collected from food supply stores from March to May 2021, randomly. The tylosin residue levels were detected by the HPLC method. Of all samples, 90 percent of sausages, and 100 percent of hamburgers had tylosin residue. The mean of tylosin residue in sausages, persian sausages(Kalbas), and hamburgers were 19.34±2.62, 22.2±2.62 , and 39.2±2.62 µg/Kg, respectively. The mean of tylosin residue in hamburgers was higher than in other products significantly.
In addition, the residual amount of tylosin in all samples was lower than the allowed limit of CodexAlimentarius(100 µg/Kg). Furthermore, the tylosin residue level in hamburgers with 90 percent meat was higher than hamburgers with 70 percent meat significantly. Even though the amount of tylosin residues is low in meat products in Tabriz, continuous control of antibiotic residues in meat products is recommended.
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.133.59
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.133.5.0
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran)
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir Scientific Research
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