ﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺔ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ،مرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ2 ،1391
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﻪﺑ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻬﺑ راﺮﻘﺘﺳا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻴ ﻪـﻨ
ﺑﻴ نﺎﺘــﺳرﺎﻤ اﺮــﺷ رد ﺎــﻫ
ﻳ و يدﺎــﻋ ﻂ
ناﺮﺤﺑ ) ﻪﻟﺰﻟز (
ﻝﺍﺰـﻏ ﻲﻬﻠﻟﺍﺪـﺒﻋ
١
ﻥﺮﺘـﺴﻧ ﻦﻴـﻬﻣ،
۲
ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺭﺎـﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭﻮﻔـﺻ ،
۳
،
ﻱﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
٤
۱ - ﻝﻮﺌﺴﻣ ﻩﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ :
ﻮﺠﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺳﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻲ ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
ﻪﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻨﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ .
Email: [email protected]
۲ - ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻭ ﺎﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺘﻛﺩ ﻩﻭﺮـﮔ ﺭﺎﻳﺩﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ،ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺰـﻳﺭ
ﺮﻨﻫ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﺮﻬﺷ
۳ - ﺱﺎﻨﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻪـﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺮﻬـﺷ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ
ﻩﺎﮕـﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﻬﻔﺻﺍ ﺮﻨﻫ .
۴ - ﻭ ﺎــﻴﻓﺍﺮﻐﺟ ﺪــﺷﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻨــﺷﺭﺎﻛ ﻭ ﺭﺎــﻣﺁ ﺪــﺷﺭﺍ ﺱﺎﻨــﺷﺭﺎﻛ
ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻱﺰﻳﺭ .
ﻝﻮﺻﻭ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۱۵ / ۱۲ / ۹۰ ﺵﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ :
۶ / ۳ / ۹۱
ﻜﭼ ﻴ هﺪ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻣ ﺭﺩ: ﻴ ﻼﺑ ﻭ ﺙﺩﺍﻮﺣ ﻥﺎ ـﻳ
ﺎ ﻱ ﺒﻃ ﻴ ـﻌ ﻲ
، ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ
، ﻪـﺑ
ﻟﺩ ﻴ ﻏ ﻞ ﻴ ﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗﺮ ﻴ ﺑ ﺶ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ
، ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺏﺮﺨﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺗ
ﻳ ﺍ ﻦ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻼﺑ ﻳ ﺎ ﻣ ﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻲ
ﺩﻭﺭ . ﻌﻤﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻴﺘ
ﻲ ﺩﻭﺪـﺣ ﺭﺩ
٨ / ٧ ﻣ ﻴﻠ ﻴ ﺮﻔﻧ ﻥﻮ ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻞـﺴﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺩﺪـﻌﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻌﻓ .
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎـﻛ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﻜﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺩﺪـﻌﺘﻣ ﺕﻼﮑـﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻱ
ﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻴ ﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺔـﻨ ـﻴ ﻭ ﺖ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺷ ﻲ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﺣ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻴ
ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﺍ ﻳ ﺪـﻫﺩ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺍﺭ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻦ .
ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺕﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺯﺍ ﻲـﺸﺨﺑ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻥﺁ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺬﻟ
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻱﺩﺎـﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻭ )
ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ﺎــﺑ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻭ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻭ ﺱﺎﺴﺣ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻊﺿﻭ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﻭﺭﺎﻳﻭﺭ ﻱﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ .
شور ﺎﻫ ﺍﻳ: ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻖ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ -
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ .
ﻊﻤﺟ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ـﻳ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻪ ـﻴ ﻞ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺁﺮﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﺪﻨ ـﻴ ﻪﻠـﺴﻠﺳ ﻞ
ــﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ ) (AHP ،ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺰــﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺰــﺑﺍ ﺭﺍﻮــﻧ ﻭGIS
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻞ ﻲﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ: ﭘ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﻌﺗ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺶﻫﻭﮋ ﻴـﻴ
ﻪـﻨﻬﭘ ﻦ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺎـﺑ ،ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ
ﻢﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻲـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎـﻜﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺍﻮـﺟ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦ ﺎـﻫ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ ﺎﺘﻧ: ﻳ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﻲ
ﺩﺰﻧ ﺪﻫﺩ ـﻳ ﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﮏ ﻴ ـﻤ ﻲ ﺯﺍ
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻥﺎـﮑﻣ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ـﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺯﺎـﺳ ﻡﻭﺎـﻘﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺍ ﻱ
ـﻤﻧ ﻲ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻳ
ﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﻔ ﻳ ﺪﻨ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﺘﻣ ﺖـﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻊﻗﺍﻭ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺍ ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺮـﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺪﻧﺩﺮﮔ ﻡﻭﺎﻘﻣ .
ﻠﻛ تﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻴ
ﺪ ي ﺑ: ﻴ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ،ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ
ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻠﺤﺗ ، ﻴ ﺎـﻀﻓ ﻞ ﻲﻳ ،
ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ، .
لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓمرﺎﻬﭼهرﺎﻤﺷ ،2 ،1391 ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻪﺸﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﺑ
ﻱ ﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻲ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﻥﺍﺮـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺯﺮـﻟ )
۱ (
ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻱ
ﺮﻬﺷﺮﻴﻏ ﻭ ﻱ
ﺭﻮـﺸﮐ
ﺣﺍﻮﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ﻲ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ
ﻌﻤﺟ ﺎــﺑ ﻴ ــﺘ ﻲ ﺩﻭﺪــﺣ ﺭﺩ ۸
/ ۷ ﻣ ﻴﻠ ــﻴ ﺔــﻤﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﻭ ﺮــﻔﻧ ﻥﻮ
ﭘﻴ ﭽ ﻴ ﮔﺪ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻳ ﺮﻬﺸﻧﻼﮐ ﮏ ﺭﺩ
ﻪﻨﻣﺍﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻩﻮﻛ ،ﺯﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻨﻬﭘ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺔ
ﻩﻮـﻛ ﭗـﻟﺁ ﻲـﻳﺍﺯ -
ﻞﻴﻜـﺸﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺎـﻴﻟﺎﻤﻴﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ
، ﺩﺭﺍﺩﺭﺍﺮﻗ . ﻩﺯﺮﻟ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻭ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﮔ ﻞــﺴ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﺩﺪــﻌﺘﻣ ﻭ ﻝﺎــﻌﻓ ﻱﺎــﻫ .
ﺱﺎــﺳﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ
ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ،ﻲﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ﺖﺸﮔﺯﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ۱۵۰
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻝﺎـﺳ .
ﺍﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺯﺍ ﻦ
ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ـﻳ ﻝﺎـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻦ ۱۲۰۹
ﻥﻮﻨﻛﺎـﺗ ﻱﺪﻴـﺷﺭﻮﺧ
ﺖﺒﻴﺼﻣ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺮﻜﻧ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺭﺎﺑ
، ﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻳ ﻪـﮑﻨ
ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺮﻫ ﺍ
ﻱ ﻭ ﻳ ﺮﮕﻧﺍﺮ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺕﺭﺪﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻱ
۷ ﺭﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘـﺸ
ﺍﻳ ﺴﺑ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺥﺭ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺯ ﺭﺎ ﻳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﺎ . ﻠـﺻﺍ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻲ
ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ
ﻠـﺻﺍ ﻞـﺴﮔ ﺭﺎـﻬﭼ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻲ
ﻞـﺴﮔ ،ﺎـﺸﻣ
ﺭ ﺏﻮـﻨﺟ ﻭ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﺴﮔ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ﻱ
ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ) ۲ .(
ﺳﺄﺗ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻴ
ﻤﻬﻣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻲ
ﺑ ﻥﻮﭼ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ،ﺱﺭﺍﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎــﮔﺩﺎﭘ ــﺘﻟﻭﺩ ﺕﺍﺭﺍﺩﺍ ،ﺎــﻫ ﻲ
ﺰــﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺮــﻤﺣﺍ ﻝﻼــﻫ ،
ﺶــﺗﺁ ﺎــﺸﻧ ﻧ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻢــﻫ ﺍﺭ ﻕﺮــﺑ ﻭ ﺯﺎــﮔ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﻁﻮــﻄﺧ ﻭ
ﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺽﺮﻌﻣ ﻲ
ﺪﻫﺩ . ﺁ ﻴﻳ ﻦ ـﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﻲ
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳ
ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ )
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ۲۸۰۰
( ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ، ﻱ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺯﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻳ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻒ ﻴ
ﺧ ﺖ ﻴﻠ ﻲ ﺯﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺩﺎ .
ﺍ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺎـﻫ ـﻳ ﺪـﺷ ﺔـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﺪ ﻳ
ﺪ
ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻴ ﺑ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖ ﻲ
ﻪﻔﻗﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻭ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻧﺎـﺳﺭ
ﻲ
ﺪــﻨﻨﮐ ﻆــﻔﺣ ﺍﺭ ﺩﻮــﺧ .
ﺍ ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ــﻳ
ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎــﺳ ﻦ ﺎــﻫ
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﺎﻫ .
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ
ـﭼ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﺎ
ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻚـﻳ ﺏﻮﭼﺭ
ﺯﺍ ﻪﻜﺒـﺷ ﻚـﻳ ﻥﺩﺍﺩ ﻞﻜـﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻲ
ﻩﺪــﻬﻋ ﺮــﺑ ﺕﺎــﺠﻧ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺪــﻣﺍ ﺕﺎــﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺪــﻧﺮﻴﮕﺑ
.
ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪــﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺩﺪــﻌﺘﻣ ﻞﺋﺎــﺴﻣ ﺎــﺑ ﻥﺍﺮــﻬﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻢﻫ ،ﻱﺪﺒﻟﺎﻛ ﺕﻼﻜﺸﻣ ﻱﺭﺍﻮـﺟ
ﺮﻳﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳﺎﻧ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻪـﺑﻭﺭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻅﺎـﺤﻟ ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻭﺭ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
،ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ
ﻲـﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﻩﺍﺭ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻞــﺼﻔﻣ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ
ﺯﺍ ﻚــﻳ ﺮــﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘـــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻭ ﺩﻮـــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺺﻴﺨـــﺸﺗ ﺩﻮـــﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎـــﻫ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻪﻳﺍﺭﺍ ﺮﺗ .
ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴــﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺎــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺕﻼﻜــﺸﻣ ﻦﻳﺮــﺘﻤﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲــﻜﻳ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
،ﺎـﻫ
ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻥﺍﺮــﺤﺑ ﻭ )
ﻪــﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ﻲــﻣ ﺎــﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺯﺍ ﻚــﻳﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ
ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻂـﻘﻓ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻌﻣﺎـﺟ ﻩﺎﮕﻧ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﺁ ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ﺩﺭﺍﺪـﻧ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. ﺯ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺮـﻳ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻲﻟﺎـﻤﺟﺍ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ :
ﺭ ﻩﮊﻭﺮﭘ ﺭﺩ - ﻳ
ﻪـﻨﻬﭘ ﺰ ﻩﺯﺮـﻟ ﻱﺪـﻨﺑ ﮒﺭﺰـﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﻱﺍ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺎﻜﻳﺎﺟ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺎﻫ
۴ ﻮـﮕﻟﺍ ﻱ ﻞـﺴﮔ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﻭﺎﻨﺷ ﻭ ﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻱﺭ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺐﻴـﺳﺁ ﺕﺎـﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﻳﺩ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻩﺩﺭﺍﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺭﻭﺁﺮﺑ ﻕﻮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ۲ .(
ﺣﻭ ﻦﻴـﺴﺣ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ - ـﻴ
ﻧﺪ ﻴ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺎ )
۲۰۰۹ ( ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺎــﻜﻣ ﺔــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﺑﺎــﻳ
ﺭﺍﺰــﺑﺍ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺎــﻫ
Fuzzy ﻲـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠـﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺎـﻴﻌﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ،AHP
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺳ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺪﻣ ،ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﻲﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ،ﺎﻫ
،ﺖﺴﻳﺯ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﻤﺟ ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗ ﻭ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻪﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍ
. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺩﺎـﻳ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺞﻨﭘ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪﻨﻛ
) ۳ .(
ﻲﻬﻠﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺍﺰﻏ ﻦﻴﻬﻣ،
ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭﻮﻔﺻ ، ﻱﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ ،
هرﺎﻤﺷ ،مرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ2 ،1391
ﺡﻭﺭ - ﻥﺍﺭﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻠﺑﺍﺯ ﷲﺍ )
۱۳۸۹ ( ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺖـﺳﺍ . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻲﻔﻴﻛ ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺭﺩ
ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻚﺴﻳﺭ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻱﺍ )
۴ .(
ﻥﺍﺭﺎــﻜﻤﻫ ﻭ ﻲﻘﻴﻓﻮــﺗ ﻡﺍﺮﻬـﺷ - )
۱۳۸۸ ( ﺔــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘـﺴﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻬﺟﺍﻮﻣ ،ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﻩﺩﺮـﻛ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻭ ﻱﺭﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﺮﻴﻏ ﺪـﻧﺍ
. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻱﺎـﻫ
) ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮـﻠﻋ ﻱﺎـﻫ
( ﺮــﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ
ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺪـﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻌﺿﻭ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﻳﺬﭘ .
ﺩﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ
ﺵﺮﻳﺬــﭘ ﺖــﻴﻓﺮﻇ ﻭ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺎــﻬﻧﺁ ﻥﺍﺮــﺤﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻲﺗﺎـﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻲـﻣ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎﻧ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺵﺯﻮـﻣﺁ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ
ﻼﻴﻬﺴﺗ ،ﻥﺎﻨﻛﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺕﺎﻣﻭﺰﻠﻣ ﻭ ﺕ
ﺢﻄـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺑﺎﻳﺯﺭﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ )
۵ .(
ﺏﺮﻋ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ - )
١٣٨٨ ( ﺎـﺑ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻲﺗﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺡﺮﻃ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺍﻮـــﻨﻋ
» ﻲﮔﺩﺎـــﻣﺁ ﻲـــﻔﻴﮐ ﻭ ﻲـــﻤﮐ ﻥﺍﺰـــﻴﻣ ﻲـــﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪـﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﻡﻮﻠﻋ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻝﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺎﺑ ١٣٨٥
« ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻲـﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻛ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ
ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﺣ ﻥﺍﺮﻳﺪـﻣ ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻫﺎﮔﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
) ٥٢ / ٤٧ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ـﻧﺁ ﻲـﻠﻛ ﺩﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ، ﻥﺎ
) ٦٩ / ٥٦ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ ( ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﮔﺩﺎﻣﺁ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪــﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺮــﻄﺧ ﻞــﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎــﻧﺁ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪــﻣ ﺖــﺤﺗ )
٥٤ / ٤٩
ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ( ﻪــﻄﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎــﭘ ﺭﺎﻴــﺴﺑ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺖﺳﺍ ) ٦ .(
ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻑﺪـﻫ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﺕﺎﺤﻴـﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ؛ﺖﺳﺍ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺭﻮﻃ ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻱﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ
. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻊﻣﺎـﺟ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺘﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﺋﺎﺴﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎـﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
) ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺪﻫﺩ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻖـﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺓﻮﺤﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺡﺮـﺷ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ﻲﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺪﻴﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿﻭ ﺖـﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ،ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺔﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺑﺎـﻳﺯﺭﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺮـﻳﺯ ﻲﻠـﺻﺍ ﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ : ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ - ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ) ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ - ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ - ﻲـﺟﻭﺮﺧ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ
ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻭ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶـﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺪــﺷ .
ﺭﺩ ﻲﺗﺍﺩﺎﻬﻨــﺸﻴﭘ ﻭ ﻢــﻬﻣ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ ﺎــﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺹﻮﺼﺧ ﻳ
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ،ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ .
شور ﺎﻫ
ﺍﻳ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ،ﻑﺪﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻖ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ – ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ .
ﻊـﻤﺟ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺭﻭﺁ
ﻱ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﻛ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻨﺳﺍ ،ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﻱﺍ
ﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ـﻳ
ﻭ ﻪ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻞ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻥﺯﻭ ﻫﺩ ﻲ ﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻴ ﺁﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﺪـﻨ ـﻴ ﻞ
ﻪﻠﺴﻠﺳ ـﺒﺗﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ ) (AHP ،ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺰـﺑﺍ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮـﻧ ﻭGIS
ﻠﺤﺗﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﻴ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻞ ﻳ
١ﻲ ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﺪﻨﻳﺁﺮﻓ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ،ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱﺪﻨﺑ
ﻲﻠﺻﺍ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻭﺩ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ :
۱ - ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
٢ - ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﺎﺑ
1 .Spatial Analysis
لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓمرﺎﻬﭼهرﺎﻤﺷ ،2 ،1391 ﻊﻣﺎــﺟ ﻲــﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻩﮊﻭﺮــﭘ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﻑﺪــﻫ ﻪــﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
) ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ،ﺖـﺳﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺪـﺟﺍﻭ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ ،ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ ،ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ
ﻴﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻭ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ
ﻂﻳﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ،ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺭﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻞﻳﺪﺒﺗGIS
ﻪﻳﻻ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺭﺩ
ﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺡﺮـﺷ ﻞﻴﺼﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻖ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ :
ﻒﻟﺍ . ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﺯﺎــﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮــﻣ ﻱﺎــﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺶــﺨﺑ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺪﻴـﺳﺭ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ،ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺁ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻟﻮﺻﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻪﻤﻫ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺲﭙـﺳ ﻭ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ،ﺪﻴـﺸﺨﺑ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﻪﺒﻧﺎﺟ
ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻦﻳﻭﺪﺗ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ .
ﻠﺤﺗ ـﻴ ﻭ ﻞ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻞـﺻﺍ ﻪﺳ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮ :
ﺍ ﻞـﺻﺍ ﻳ ـﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳ ﻞـﺻﺍ ، ﻱ
ﻞـﺻﺍ ﻭ
ﺍﺭﺎــﮐ ﻲﻳ . ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻊــﺒﺗ ﻪــﺑ ــﻳ
ﻌﻣ ،ﻝﻮــﺻﺍ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺎــﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎــﮑﻣ ﻲ ﻭ
ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲ ﻧ ﻭ ﻴ ﺯ ﺰ ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎ ﻲﻳ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ
ﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒ .
ﺍﻳ ﺯ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻝﻮﺻﺍ ﻦ ـﻳ
ﺮ
ﺮﻌﺗ ﻳ ﻣ ﻒ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ :
ﻒﻟﺍ ( ﺍ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻳ ﻨﻤ ﻲ : ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻳ
ﻨﻤ ﻲ ﺭﺩ ﻞـﺤﻣ ﻥﺩﻮـﺑ ﻦـﻣﺍ
ﺷﺎﻧ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺮﺑﺍﺮﺑ ﻲ
ـﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﺩﻮـﺧ ﺭﺩ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻭ ﺩﻮﺷ ﺙﺩﺎﺣ ﻞﺤﻣ ﻳ
ﺍﺭ ﻞـﺤﻣ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﺮﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺎ
ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻣ ﺩﺯﺎﺳ ) ۷ .(
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻣﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺍ ﻦ ـﻳ ـﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻦ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻥﺎـﻜﻣ ،
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻠﺤﻣ ﺖﺴ ﻲ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻣﺍ ﻳ
ﺮﻄﺧ ﻦ
ﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻳ ﺪ .
ﺏ ( ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻱ
: ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻠﺻﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺭ ـﻳ ﺰ ﻱ
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻱ ﺿﺍﺭﺍ ﻲ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ، ـﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﺮﺑﺭﺎـﮐ ﻱ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ
ﺯﺎــﺳﺍﺪﺟ ﻭ ﺮﻬــﺷ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻥﻮﮔﺎــﻧﻮﮔ ﻱ
ﺮﺑﺭﺎــﮐ ﻱ ﺎــﻫ ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ
ﻳ ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮﮕ )
۸ .(
ﺍ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ـﻳ
ﻞـﺻﺍ ﻦ
ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻭ ﻱﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮ ﻱ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﺴ ﻴ ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻭ ﻞ ﻲ
ﺩﻮﺷ .
ﺝ ( ﺍﺭﺎﮐ ﻞﺻﺍ ﻲﻳ : ﺩﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻥﺁ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ .
ﺭﺩ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ
ﻚﻳ ﻲﻳﺍﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﺘﻓﺭ ﻻﺎﺑ ،ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻩﺎﺗﻮﻛ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﻲﻳﺎﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻑﺍﺮﻃﺍ ﻪﺑ .
ﻢﻬﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲﻜﻳ ﺭﺍﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ،ﺮﻣﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻖﻘﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﺿﻮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺤ ﻴ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴـﻴ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻦ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺯﺭﺍ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﻪﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻉﻮﻗﻭ ﻂ
ﻌﻣ ﺔﺘــﺳﺩ ﻴ
ﺎــﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎــﮑﻣ ﻲ ﻢــﻫ ، ﺭﺍﻮــﺟ ﻱ ــﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲ
ﺴﻘﺗ ﻴ ﻢ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺍ ﻪﮐﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻳ
ﺯﺭﺍ ﻦ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻭﺩ ﺮـﻫ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻳ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ ﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ ﻳ
ﻌﻣ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻭﺩ ﺮﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻂ ﻲ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻧﺍ .
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻳ
ﻢﻫ ﻪﮑﻨ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ـﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺛﺄــﺗ ﻴ ﺖــﺒﺜﻣ ﺕﺍﺮ ــﻳ
ــﻔﻨﻣ ﺎ ﻲ ﻭﺭ ﺮــﺑ ﻱ ﻟﺎــﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﺮــﻄﺧ ﻲ
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺍ ،ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺬﮕﺑ ﺎــﻫ
ــﻳ ﻌﻣ ﻦ ﻴ ﺔﺘــﺳﺩ ﻭﺩ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻫﺭﺎ
ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ـﺴﻘﺗ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎـﺳﺎﻧ ﻭ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻴ
ـﻣ ﻢ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ .
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﻦ ﻳ ﻊﻤﺟ ﮏ ﺪـﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻌﻣ ، ﻴ ﺯ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫﺭﺎ ـﻳ
ﺮ
ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ :
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻂ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳ ﻳ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻢﻫ ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧ ﻳ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﻌﻣ - ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻲ
ﻲﻳﺎــﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻕﻮـﻓ ﻱﺎـﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻚـﻳ ﺮـﻫ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻘﻧ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ،ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻲﻋﻮـﻨﺘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻲﻬﻠﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺍﺰﻏ
، ﻦﻴﻬﻣ ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ ، ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭﻮﻔﺻ ،
ﻱﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ،مرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ2 ،1391
ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖــﺳﺍ . ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻊﺑﺎــﻨﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﺶــﺨﺑ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ .
ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺍﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ۱
ﻭ ۲ ، ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﺮﻳﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻚﻳﺮﻫ ﺖﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ .
ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱
: ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻌﺗ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻴﻴ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﺯ
ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ
ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻱ
ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ
ﻭ
ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻲﻳ ﮑﺸﺗ ﺭﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﻴ ﻧﺎﻣﺭﺩ ﺔﮑﺒﺷ ﻞ ﻲ
- ﺴﻧﺍﮊﺭﻭﺍ ﻲ ﺑ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺕﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻲ
ﻭﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻳ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻱ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺩﺰﻧ
ﻳ ﮏ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ
ﺳﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﺳﺎﺗ ﺏﺁ
ﻴ ﺣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﻣﺄﺗ ﻴ ﻦ ﻧ ﺓﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺯﺎ ﻱ ﻟﻭﺍ ﻴ ﺑ ﻪ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺎـﻫ
ﺍﻳ ﻦ ﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻧﺎـﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪ ﻲ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘـﺳﺍ ﻳ ـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻨﺑﺎ ﻲ
ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻪﺑ
ﺯﺎﮔ
ﻕﺮﺑ
ﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻱ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺰﺒﺳ ﺎﻀﻓ
ﻱ ﺯﺍ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻭ ﺰﺒﺳ ﻳ
ﺍﺮﺷ ﻑﺮﻃ ﮏ ﻳ
ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻂ ﻲ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺍ ﻥﺍﺭﺎـﻤ ﻳ ﺩﺎـﺠ
ﻲﻣ ﺩ ﻑﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻳ
ﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮕ ﻳ
ـﻣ ،ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻉﻮـﻗﻭ ﻂ ﻲ
ﻥﺎـﮑﻣ ﺪـﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺖﻗﻮﻣ ﻥﺎﮑﺳﺍ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﮔﺩﺯ
١٠٠ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﻳ ﻂ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ
ﻩﺎﮕﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻴﺘﺸﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﻳ ﻪﮑﻨ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﻥﺎﮑﺳﺍ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺳﺁ
ﻴ ﺐ ﺩﻳ ﺪ ﺘـﺸﭘ ﺰﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻥﺎﮔ ﻴ
ﻧﺎﺒ ﻲ
ﺪﻣ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﻣ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖ ﻲ
ﺩﺰﻧ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻳ
ﺭﻭﺮـﺿ ﺰـﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻦ
ﻱ .ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣ
۵۰۰ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻩﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ
ﻱﺮﻬﺷ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ )
ﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﺗﺁ ﻲ ﺶﺗﺁ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺠﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ( ﻧﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲ ﻳ ﮑ ﻲ ـﺴﺑ ﺰـﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﺭﺎ ﻤﻫﺍ ﺎـﺑ ـﻴ ﺍﺮـﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺖ ﻳ
ﻂﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﺑﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﻦﻳ ﺍﻱﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ؛ﺩﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻲﻘﻠﺗ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺮ
ﺍﺰﺴﺑ ﻲﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻳ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻂ .
۵ - ۲ ﮐ ﻴ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ )۹(
ﺳﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ) ﺯﺎﮔ ﻭ ﺏﺁ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ (
ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ ) ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ( ﺑ ، ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺖـﺴ ﻲ
ﻪـﺑ
ﺳﺄﺗ ﻴ ﺣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﻴ ﺗﺎ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ .
ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫﻱ ﺎﻫﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻱ
ﻙﺎﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ
ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ
ﻙﺎـﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺶﺗﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ،ﻱﺯﻮﺳ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻲـﺘﺣ ﺎﻫ
-
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﻻﺍ ٢٠٠ .
ﺮﺘﻣ )۹(
ﻙﺎﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﺕﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺰﻨﺑ ﭗﻤﭘ
ﻳ ﻦ ﺍﻳ ﺳﺄﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻲـﻣ ﺕﺎﺴ ﺭﺍﻮﮔﺎـﻧ ﺙﺩﺍﻮـﺣ ﺀﺎـﺸﻨﻣ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻱ
،ﺭﺎـﺠﻔﻧﺍ ﻥﻮـﭼ
ﺶﺗﺁ ﺯﻮﺳ ﻱ ﮔﺩﻮﻟﺁ ﺮﺸﻧ ، ﻲ
ﻭ ...
ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻱ
ﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ -
ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺯ ﺮﻄﺧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻳ
ﺩﺎ ﻱ ﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ . ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺑ ﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎـﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﺭﺩ ﺖﺴ ﻲ
ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻴ
ﺩﺮ ۲۰۰
ﺮﺘﻣ )۱۱(
ﻁﻮﻄﺧ ﻕﺮﺑ ﻝﺎﻘﺘﻧﺍ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﺎﺸﻓ ۲۰
ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻣ ﻑﺮﻃ
)۱۲(
ﺰﻛﺍﺮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺔﻠﺻﺎﻓ
ﻢﻛﺍﺮﺗﺮﭘ ﮔﺩﻮــﻟﺁ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﺎــﺑ ...
ﻲ ﺑ ،ﻢﮐﺍﺮــﺗﺮﭘ ﺰــﮐﺍﺮﻣ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎــﻫ ــﻣ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺖــﺴ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﻗ ﮔ ﺭﺍﺮ ﻴ ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧﺮ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻖﻃﺎﻨﻣ ﻦ
ﺭﺍﻮﺠﻤﻫﻱ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺭﺎﮔﺯﺎﺳﺎﻧﻳﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﺮﻄﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﺎﻫ ﻞﺴﮔ
ﻱ ﻠﺻﺍ ﻲ ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺳﺁ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻴ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺷﺎﻧ ﻲ ـﻣ ﻪـﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﺯﺍ ﻲ
ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﺴ
ﺮﺣ ﺯﺍ ﺝﺭﺎﺧ ﻳ
ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻢ ﻱ
ﻞـﺴﮔ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ،ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ
ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻳ ﺪﻨﺑﺎ . ۳۰۰
ﺮﺘﻣ )۱۲(
ﺎﻫ ﻞﺴﮔ ﻱ
ﻋﺮﻓ ﻲ ۲۰۰
ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻙﺎﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﺕﺎﺴﻴﺳﺄﺗ ﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ
ﻴ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﺕﺎﻌﺒﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻙﺎـﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺶﺗﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻣ ،ﻱﺯﻮﺳ
ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺖﺴﻳﺎﺑ ﻲـﺘﺣ ﺎﻫ
-
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻜﻣﻻﺍ .
۲۰۰
ﺮﺘﻣ )۱۱(
ﻙﺎﻧﺮﻄﺧ ﻱﺮﺑﺭﺎﻛ
٢٠٠ ﺮﺘﻣ )۱۰(
لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓمرﺎﻬﭼهرﺎﻤﺷ ،2 ،1391
ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲
: ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﻌﺗ ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻴﻴ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻴ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﺩﺎﻋ ﻂ ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻭ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﺯ
ﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺮ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻤﻫﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺭﻭﺮﺿ
ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺖ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ
ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻧﺎﮑﻣﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﻂﻱ
ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺮﺨﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﺮ ﻳ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ ﺐ
ﻌﺗ ﮊﺍﺮﺘﻣ ﻴﻴ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻢﻫ ،ﺮﻳﺎﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﻣﺯ
ﻱ ﺯ ﻳ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺧﺎﺳﺮ ﻱ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻱ ﺍﺮـﺑ ﻱ
ﺑ ﻦﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻴ ﻐﺗ ﻢﻫ ﻭ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻴﻴ
ﺮﺑﺭﺎﮐ ﺮ ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ
ﺎﻐﻣ ﻡﺪﻋ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻳ
ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﺕﺮ ﺩﻮﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﺗ
. )۹(
ﻣﺯ ﻴ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺗﺁ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺖ ﻲ
ﺑ ﻥﺎــﮑﻣ ﻴ ﺘــﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺎ ــﻳ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪ ﻱ ﺎﻫﺎــﻀﻓ ﻱ ﺍﺮــﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﺔﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫﺎﻀﻓ ﻱ ﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ
ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻱ
ﻧ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺯﺎ ﻱ ﻌﻤﺟ ﺪﺷﺭ ﻴ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺖ .
ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺏﺁ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﺯ ﻳ ﻣﺯﺮ ﻴﻨ ﻲ ﺎﭘ ﻴﻳ ﻦ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﮔﺩﻮـﻟﺁ ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﺖـﻠﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻫ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻭﺍﺮـﻓ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯﺮﻳﺯ ﺏﺁ ﻖﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻜﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﻥﺎﺸﻳﺎﻬﺑﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﺏﻼﺿﺎﻓ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺑﺎﻳ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺫﻮـﻔﻧ ﻲﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﻳﺯ ﺏﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻜﻧ . ﻖﻤﻋ
۲۰ ﺮﺘﻣ
)۹( ﻧﺎﮑﻣﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩﻳﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺐ ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻭﺭ ﻱ ﺷ ﻴ ﻧ ﻦﺘﻓﺎـﻳ ﺕﺪﺷ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺗ ﺐ ﻴ
ﺎـﻫﻭﺮ ﻱ
ﺘﻧﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻟﺰﻟﺯ ﻴ
ﺋﺰﺟ ﻥﺪﺷ ﺩﻭﺪﺴﻣ ﻪﺠ ﻲ
ـﻳ ـﺴﻣ ﻞـﻣﺎﮐ ﺎ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺮ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻳ ﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻭﺭ ﻦ ﻴ
ـﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﻫ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻴ
ﻦ
ﺎﻫ ﻲﻳ ﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺐ ﻳ
ﺪﻨﺑﺎ ۶
- ۳ ﺪﺻ ﺭﺩ )۸(
ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺖﺷﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻢﮐﺍﺮﺗ ﻢﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻪﻧﺍﺩ ﻱ ﺎﻀﻓ ﻱ ﺑ ﺯﺎﺑ ﻴ ﺮﺘﺸ ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ
ﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻢﮐﺍﺮـﺗ ﻢـﮐ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺮﺨﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺩﻮﺷ ﻳ
ﺷﺎﻧ ﺐ ﻲ ﺭﻭﺮﻓ ﺯﺍ ـﻳ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎـﺳ ﺵﺰ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱ
ﺑ ﻥﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻠﺑ ﻴ
ﻞﻗﺍﺪﺣ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺩﺩﺮﮔ
. ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻴ ﺎﭘ ﻦ ﻴﻳ ﻦ
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺑﺎﻌﻣ ﺩﺍﺪﺴﻧﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﺘﺣﺍ ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻳ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻦ ـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﻪـﺑ
ﺑﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺖﺣﺍﺭ ﺍﺭ ﺎﻫ ﻣ ﺮﺗ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ .
ﻌﻣﻴﺎﻫﺭﺎﻱ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩﻲ
ﺴﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺮ ﻱ ﺘﺸﭘ ﻴ ﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻥﺎﺒ ﻳ
ﺮ ﻳ ﺖ
ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﻌﻣ
ﻴ ﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﺭﺎ ﻲ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻁﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻳ
ﻃﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻂ ﻲ ﺑ ﻴ ﺎـﺑ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ
ﺎﺳ ﻳ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﺮ ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻲ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ . ﺍ ـﻳ ﺍﺮـﺷ ﺮـﺑ ﻩﻭﻼـﻋ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦ ﻳ
ﻂ
ﺩﺎﻋ ﻱ ﻣ ﻲ ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﻮﮕﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﺖﺴ ﻲﻳ
ﺍﺮـﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﻳ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻂ
ﻧﻴ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺰ . ﺪﻣ ﻥﺎﻣﺯﺎﺳ ﻳ ﺮ ﻳ ﺴﻣ ،ﻥﺍﺮﺤﺑ ﺖ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺮ ﻱ ﺘﺸﭘ ﻴ ﻧﺎﺒ ﻲ ﺍﺭ
ﺮﻌﺗ ﻳ ﺍﺮﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ ﻒ ﻳ
ـﻣ ﻥﺍﺮـﺤﺑ ﻂ ﻲ
ﺑ ﺪـﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻴ ﺮﺘـﺸ ﻳ ﻦ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ .
)۹(
ﺏ . ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺎــﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻖــﻴﻔﻠﺗ
ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﻱﺪـﻨﺑ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻭGIS ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ
. ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺖﻠﻋ
ﺍ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ ﻳ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺭﺍﺰﺑﺍ ﺭﺍﻮﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ
ﻌﻣ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻴ
ﺎـﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﺕﻭﺎـﻔﺘﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻫﺍﺮﻓ ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻖﻴﻔﻠﺗ ﺩﺭﻭﺁ
. ﺍ ﺮـﺑ ـﻳ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﻦ
ﻲﻬﻠﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ ﻝﺍﺰﻏ
، ﻥﺮﺘﺴﻧ ﻦﻴﻬﻣ ،
ﻩﺩﺍﺯﺭﺎﺘﺨﻣ ﺍﺭﻮﻔﺻ ،
ﻱﺪﻴﺸﻤﺟ ﺩﻮﻤﺤﻣ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ،مرﺎﻬﭼ لﺎﺳ ،تﺎﺠﻧ و داﺪﻣا ﻲﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﻠﺼﻓ2 ،1391
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ،ﻞ ﻴ
ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻦ ﻱ
ﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻴ ﻻ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻞ ﻳ
ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲ
ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻞ ﻴ ﺯﺭﺍ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﺑﺎ ﻲ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ . ﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ـﻳ ﻦ
ﻻ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃﺍ ﻲ ﻣ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻴ
ﻤﻫﺍ ﻥﺍﺰ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺎﺸﺘ ﻱ ﻑﺪﻫ
ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ )
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦ ﻴ
ﺑ ﻥﺎﮑﻣ ﻞ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘـﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎـﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ( ﺎﺑ ﻳ ﺪﮑ ﻳ ﻔﻠﺗ ﺮﮕ ﻴ ﻣ ﻖ ﻲ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ . ﺘﻧ ﻴ ﺯﺍ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺔـﺠ
ﺍﻳ ﻔﻠﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻖ ﻲ
ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻉﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ
ﻌﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻴ
ﺮﻫ ،ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻳ ﻥﺎـﮑﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱ ﻥﺍﺮـﻬﺗ ﺮﻬـﺷ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻪﭼ ﺎﻫ ﻳ
ﻄ ﻲ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ . ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ
ﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻳ ﺿﻮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻞﺣﺍﺮﻣ ،ﺕﺎﺤ ﻳ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦ
ﺯ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻳ
ﻣ ﺮ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ :
ﻠﺤﺗ - ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻞ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳﺍ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ
ﻌﺗ ﻴـﻴ ﻦ
ﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
ﻠﺤﺗ - ﻴ ﮔﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻞ ﻴ
ﺮ ﻱ ﺑ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﺎﻫ ﻌﻣ
ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻞ
ﻔﻠﺗ - ﻴ ﻻ ﻖ ﻳ ﻪ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﻠﺤﺗ ـﻴ ﻥﺯﻭ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻞ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣ ـﻳ
ﻪـﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻫﻭﮋـﭘ ﻦ
ﻌﻣ ﺔﺘﺳﺩ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲ ﻢﻫ ، ﺭﺍﻮﺟ ﻱ ـﺳﺮﺘﺳﺩ ﻭ ﻲ
ـﺴﻘﺗ ﻴ ﻢ -
ﺪﻨﺑ ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﺁﺮﻓ ،ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﻦ ﻳ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺡﺮﺷ ﺪﻨ
ﺍﺮــﺑ ﻕﻮــﻓ ﻱ
ﺮﻫ ــﻳ ﻌﻣ ﺯﺍ ﮏ ﻴ ﻪــﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﺕﺭﻮــﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﺎــﻫﺭﺎ
ﺬﭘ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻳ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺮ .
ﺍﻳ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﻞ ﺎـﻫ ﺕﺭﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺪـﺘﺑﺍ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﺎﮔﺍﺪﺟ ﻳ
ﺎـﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﻳ
ﺪـﮑ ﻳ ﺮﮕ
ﮐﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺎﻬﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺐ ﻳ
ﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﻥﺍﺮﻬﺗ ﺮﻬﺷ ﺖ ـﻳ
ﻪـﺳ ﻦ
ﻌﻣ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺎ ﻱ ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﺎﻫ ﺪـﻨﺑ ﻱ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ .
ﺍ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺓﻮﺤﻧ ﻳ
ﺁﺮﻓ ﻦ ﻳ ﺓﺭﺎﻤـﺷ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻨ ۱
ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ
ﺖﺳﺍ .
ﺓﺭﺎﻤﺷ ﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ۱
: ﺁﺮﻓ ﻳ ﻔﻠﺗ ﺪﻨ ﻴ ﻌﻣ ﻖ ﻴ ﺎﻫﺭﺎ ﻱ ﻌﺗ ﻴﻴ ﻪﻨﻬﭘ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺍﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻱ
ﺑ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﺍ ﻴ ﻥﺎﺘﺳﺭﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ
ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻧﺭﺎﮕﻧ : ﺬﺧﺄﻣ
