ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار
ي ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺎﺑ
نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻟو و ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ
) ﺞﻋ
لﺎﺳ رد
(1390
ﻲﻧﺎﻴﻤﺳﺎﻗ ﻢﻨﺒﺷ
، 1
ﺎﺿررﻮﭘ ﻢﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑاﺮﺘﻛد
*
، 2
ﻦﺗوﺮﻓ ارﺎﺳ 1
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :
29 / 2 / 92 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ
: 14 / 7 / 92
1 - ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد،ﻲﻧﺎﻣرد ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد
2 - ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد،ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد، ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ دﺎﺼﺘﻗا و ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ دﺎﺘﺳا )
* لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﻳﻮﻧ (
ﻦﻔﻠﺗ : 88989128
Email: [email protected]
فﺪـﻫ و ﻪﻨﻴﻣز :
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ زا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ نﺎﺸﻓاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . دﻮـﺷ رﺎـﺘﻓر ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ .
ﻦـﻳا
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑار
ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺑ
و ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮـﺷ يﺎـﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴ
ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻟو ) ﺞﻋ ( لﺎﺳرد 1390 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
شور و داﻮﻣ :ﺎﻫ
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﻲﻌﻄﻘﻣ عﻮﻧ زا -
دﻮـﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ .
ـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻪ 140
نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ زا ﺮـﻔﻧ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻟو و ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺮﺼﻋ
) ﺞﻋ ( ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . و فﻮـﻬﻴﻧ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ياﺮـﺑ
ﻦﻣرﻮﻣ ) 1993 ( ﺮﻳﺎﻣ و ﻦﻟآ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ و )
1990 ( ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺰﺠﺗ ـﻳ ﻪ و
ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ هداد ﺎﻫ رد ود ﺢﻄﺳ رﺎﻣآ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴﻔ ﻲ و رﺎﻣآ ﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘﺳا راﺰـﻓا مﺮـﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻲ ﻪﺨـﺴﻧSPSS
18 ترﻮـﺻ
ﻓﺮﮔ ﺖ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ : و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ 84 / 2 و 72 / 0 رﺎـﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮـﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎـﻴﻣ و
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ
89 / 2 و 66 / 0 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
نﺎـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ
نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ و ﻦـﻳا هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ﺖﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ يراد
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
.
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :يﺮﻴﮔ ﺪﺣ رد ودﺮﻫ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
ﻄﻳار ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و ،ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﺜﻣ و ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪ
ﻢﻫﺎﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ود نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻳآرﺎﻛ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻘﻧ و
،ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ هﮋﻳو ﺢﻄـﺳ يﺎـﻘﺗرا ﺖـﻬﺟرد ناﺮﻳﺪـﻣ و دﻮﺷ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﭼﺮﻫ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ ﺪﻧراد ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨﻨﻛ شﻼﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ .
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ تﺎﻤﻠﻛ :
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
ﻜﭼ
ﻜﭼ
ﻜﭼ
ﻜﭼ
ﻴﻴﻴﻴ
هﺪ
هﺪ
هﺪ
هﺪ
::::
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد هزوﺮﻣا وﺮـﮔ رد يدﺎـﻳز ﺪـﺣ ﺎـﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ و
. نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا يﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا زا نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﻮﭼ ﻢﻫ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻦﻳا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ و دﻮﺧ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ ﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﺎﻫ
ﺎﺑ ار ﻪـﻟﻮﻘﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﻲﻧﺪـﻣ رﺎـﺘﻓر و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺖﺳا هدﺮﻛ ﻆﻔﺣ )
1 ( . ا يوﺮﻴﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧ ﻢـﻬﻣ
ﺮـﺗ ﺎـﺑ و ﻦﻳ
زرا ش ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺮﻜﻔﺘﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺗ
ﻲﻣ و ﺪـﻨﻤﺗرﺪﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ،ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ دﺎﺠﻳا ﺎﻳﻮﭘ .
ﻲﻣ هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻣرﺎﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻬﻳﺪﺑ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ و هدارا ترﺪﻗ ﻊـﻔﻧ ﻪـﺑ ار ﺰـﻴﭼ ﻪـﻤﻫ دﻮـﺧ شزرا
ﻮــﺧ و يرﺎــﻛ ﻂﻴــﺤﻣ ،ﻪــﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪــﻫد ﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ د
) 2 .(
تﺎﻣﺪــﺧ
ﻲﻧﺎـﺴﻧا يوﺮـﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ زا ﺶﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو .
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ﻦﻳا ﺖﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا يا
اراد ﺮـﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ،ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و ﻲﻳارﺎﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﺑ ،ترﺎﻬﻣ و ﺺﺼﺨﺗ ندﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ رﺎﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و يﺪﻨﻣ
) 3 (.
ﻤﺘﺟا مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎﺼﺼﺨﺘﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ ﺎﻬﺗﺪﻣ زا ﻲﻋﺎ
ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫﺪـﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻲـﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ياﺮـﺑ ﻲﺳﺎﺳا يا
هدﺮﺑ ﻲﭘ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
،ﺪﻧا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺮـﻣا ﺎﻫ
هﺮﻈﺘﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻴﻟوا ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺎﻋدا نﻮﭼ ،ﺖﺴﻴﻧ يا
ﻲـﻣ بﻮـﺴﺤﻣ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا تﺎﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﺳ دﻮـﺷ
) 4 ( . و تﺎـﻴﺣ
ﺮـﻫ مواﺪﺗ وﺮـﮔ رد ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا دﺎـﻬﻧ و ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ
يﺪـﻧﻮﻴﭘ دﻮـﺟو
هﺪـﻨﻫد ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﺴﻣ ي
ﺖـﺳا نآ . ﺪـﻧﻮﻴﭘ ﻦـﻳا
ﺮﻗ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ نآ رد ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
؛دراد را كاردا
،ﻪـﻴﺣور ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺼﻨﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲـﻣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺋورردور و ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ يدراﻮﻣ رد ﻲﺘﺣ و ﻞﻐﺷ كﺮﺗ ﮔ ﺖـﻟﻻد ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﺷﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ددﺮ
دراد ـﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ يرادﺎﻓو سﺎﺴﺣا زا ﻪﻛ ﻪ
ﻲـﻣ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ
داﺮـﻓا ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ تﺎﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ رد داﺮﻓا ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ و دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﺠﺗ نﺎﻧآ هﺎﻓر و ﺖﻴﻘﻓﻮﻣ و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ
) 5 ( .
دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﺳا ﻲﺘﺷاﺪﻬﺑ تﺎﻣﺪﺧ ندﻮﺑ ﻲﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳد ﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو نﺎﻣرد و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻞﻨﺳﺮ .
ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ﺖﻬﺟ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ فاﺪﻫا ﻪﺑ )
ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ( ﻪﻛ راﺪﻳﺎﭘ و ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﺘﺷاد
ﻦـﻳا ياﺮـﺑ ﻪـﻜﻠﺑ ،ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ﻲﻓﺎـﻛ ﺪـﻨﺑﺎﻳ رﻮﻀﺣ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻓﺮﺻ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ و ﻖﻠﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ﻚﻳ زا ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ د ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ و ﻪﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ رد نﺪﺷ ﺮﻴﮔر
و ﻲﻟﻮــﻤﻌﻣ ﻒﻳﺎــﻇوزا ﺮــﺗاﺮﻓ رادرﻮــﺧﺮﺑ هﺪــﺷ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ﺶﻴــﭘ زا
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ) 1 .(
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر و ﻪﻴﺣور ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ياﺮﺑ
دﻮﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا مزﻻ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ )
6 .(
ﻦﺘﻣ رد ار دﻮﺧ هراﻮﻤﻫ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻛﺎﺗ يﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻳد ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ رد و ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ سﺎـﺴﺣا داﺮﻓا ﺮﮔا ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ناﺮﮕ
ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋﺎﻧ نﺎﻧآ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ نﺎﺷدﻮﺧ نﺎﻴﻣ رد ار ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ .
) 7 (
ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ اﺮﻳز ،ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻬﻌﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪ
ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋو ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ ﺖﻳﺎـﺿر ،ﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ قﻮﻘﺣ ،
ﺖﺳا . ﻨﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر و نﺎـﻣز ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻧﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا يﺰـﻴﭼ ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺼ
،ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻲـﻣ يراﺬـﮔ ﻪﻳﺎﻣﺮـﺳ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﻚﻳ رداردﻮﺧ يﺎﻬﻴﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻧراد رﺎﻈﺘﻧا ) .
8 (
ﻪـﺑ ﺮـﺠﻨﻣ ﺎـﻣﻮﻤﻋ نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﻮﺳ زا ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ رﺎﺘﻓر ﻲـﺸﻘﻧاﺮﻓ يﺪﻧوﺮﻬـﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﻮﺷ . سﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﻛ يداﺮﻓا ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا ﻲﺑ
ﻲـﻣ ﻲﺘﻟاﺪﻋ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻫر ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ حﻮﻄـﺳ ﺎﻳ و ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ زا ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻜﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﺣ و ﺪﻨﻫد
مﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﻞﺜﻣ رﺎﺠﻨﻫﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪﺑ عوﺮﺷ ﺖﺳا ﺪـﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻳﻮـﺟ
) 9 .(
ﻲﺑ هدﺎﺘﺳ و ﺎﻫدروﺎﺘﺳد ﻪﻧﺎﻔﺼﻨﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ و ﻲﺘﻟاﺪﻋ ،نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
ور ﻒﻴﻌﻀﺗ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ و شﻼﺗ ﻪﻴﺣور لﺰﻨﺗ و نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﺣ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﻧآ رد ،ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺖـﻳﺎﻋر ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،دﻮﺷ
يراﺪـﻳﺎﭘ و ﺎـﻘﺑ ﺰـﻣر
نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻓﺮـﺸﻴﭘ و ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ نﺎﻳﺮﺟ ،
ﺖـﺳا نآ نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ )
10 .(
ﻢــﻫ ﻦﻴــﻨﭼ زا يﺮﻴﮔﻮــﻠﺟ و ﻲﻧﺎــﺴﻧا يوﺮــﻴﻧ يرﺎﮔﺪــﻧﺎﻣ ياﺮــﺑ
ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ار نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد دﺪﺠﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﺘﻧ زا ﺪـﺷ ﺪـﻨﻣ هﺮـﻬﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﺪﻨﻣدﻮﺳ ﺞﻳﺎ )
11 .(
ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ
ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳﺪـﻨﭼ ﺚـﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يﺪﻌﺑﺪﻨﭼ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺑﺎﺟ و ﺖﺒﻴﻏ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ،يﺪﻧوﺮﻬﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر ،ﻲﻳﺎﺟ
دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و يرﺎﻛ شﻼﺗ )
12 .(
ﻲـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ ﻦﻴـﺸﻴﭘ تﺎـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻦﻴـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻨﻫد
نآ ياﺰﺟا و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نآ ياﺰـﺟا و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر ﺎﺑ
) 13 ( ،
و ﻦﻴﺑ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﻲﻠﻐﺷ و ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ طﺎـﺒﺗرا
ﻲـﻨﻌﻣ راد دﻮـﺟو
دراد ) 14 .(
ﻢﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ
يﺎﻫ نآ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
و ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد ﺎﺑ ﺮﻫ زا ﻚﻳ ﻪـﻄﻴﺣ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻨﻌﻳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ
يرﺎﺠﻨﻫ و ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ دراد دﻮﺟو ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ )
15 .(
ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ و ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻪﻟﻮﻘﻣ ود ﻦﻳا طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ و نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻪﻄﺑار
ﺎﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮـﺷ يﺎـﻫ نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ
ﺮﺼﻋ ﻲﻟو ) ﻋ ﺞ ( لﺎﺳرد 1390 ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ عﻮﻧ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ -
دﻮﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ه
ﻲـﻌﻄﻘﻣ )
cross-sectional
( ﺖﻓﺮﻳﺬـﭘ مﺎـﺠﻧا .
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ شور يﺮـﻴﮔ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ اﺪﺘﺑا ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺶـﺷﻮﭘ ﺖـﺤﺗ يﺎﻫ
نآ نﺎــﻴﻣ زا و ﺖــﺳﺮﻬﻓ ناﺮــﻬﺗ ﻲﻜــﺷﺰﭘ مﻮــﻠﻋ هﺎﮕــﺸﻧاد ود ﺎــﻫ
ﻲﻟو و ﻲﺘﻌﻳﺮﺷ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺮﺼﻋ
) ﺞﻋ ( بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ود ﻦـﻳا نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻞﻛ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ و هﺪﺷ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فا
ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ زا ﻲﻜﻳ
تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﻦﻴـﺸﻴﭘ ) ﺮـﺘﻛد ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺖﻳﺎﺿر ﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺑﻮﻘﻌﻳ ﻢﻳﺮﻣ يﺎــﻫ نﺎﺘــﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎــﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴــﺑ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ ﺪــﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻠﻐــﺷ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺷاد ﺐﺨﺘﻨﻣ (
) 9 ( ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 4
/ 3 و 1 / 1
،دﻮﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ
140 ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ مﺎـﺠﻧا ياﺮـﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .
زا ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ ترﺎـﺒﻋ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا يوﺮﻴﻧ ،ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪـﺧ ﻞﻨـﺳﺮﭘ و نﺎﻜـﺷﺰﭘ ﺰـﺟ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻪﻴﻠﻛ
نادرﺎﻛ ،يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ و نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ،ﺎﻫ
ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ و ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ كراﺪﻣ ،هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ،يژﻮﻟﻮﻳدار ﺪﺷرا مﻮﻠﻋ نﺎ
دﺎـﺼﺘﻗا و ﻪـﻤﻴﺑ ،ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ ،نﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ،ناراﺪﺑﺎﺴﺣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ يارادا ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﻣ ﺶﺨﺑ رد ﻪﻛ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ،
ﻲـﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻛ رد ﻲﻠﺒﻗ برﺎﺠﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻜﺷﺰﭘ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا كرد ندﻮـﺑ ﺖﺨـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻤﻧ يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻢﻴﻫﺎﻔﻣ ﻲﺗﺎﻣﺪﺧ يﺎﻫوﺮﻴﻧ ياﺮ
ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ ،ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘـﺷاﺬﮔرﺎﻨﻛ ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هوﺮﮔ ود ﻦﻳا ار نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻪﻧﺪﺑ ﻪﻛ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﺑ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ .
زا ﻚـﻳ ﺮـﻫ رد ﻞﻏﺎـﺷ نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هدر ـﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺖ
. راﺰـﺑا
هداد يروآدﺮﮔ ﻞﻤﺘـﺸﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺑ 48 دﻮﺑ ﺮﻳز حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ لاﻮﺳ .
تﺎـﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ تﻻاﻮـﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ داﺮﻓا ﻚﻴﻓاﺮﮔﻮﻣد و ﻲﺼﺨﺷ 8
ﻪـﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﻻاﻮﺳ ،لاﻮﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ 20
ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ تﻻاﻮـﺳ ،لاﻮـﺳ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ 20
لاﻮﺳ . ﺪﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ زا ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟا
ﻦﻣرﻮـﻣ و فﻮـﻬﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ )
1993 ) ( 16 ( ،
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﻳا 20
ﺖﺳا لاﻮﺳ )
5 ﺶﺠﻨـﺳ ياﺮﺑ لاﻮﺳ
،ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ 6
ﻪـﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﺮﺑ لاﻮﺳ و ،يا
9 ياﺮـﺑ لاﻮـﺳ
هدواﺮــﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪــﻋ يا
.(
زا ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ ﺪــﻬﻌﺗ ﺢﻄــﺳ ﻦﻴــﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮــﺑ
ــﺳﻮﺗ هﺪــﺷ ﻲــﺣاﺮﻃ ﻪﻣﺎﻨــﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺮﻳﺎــﻣ و ﻦــﻟآ ﻂ
) 1990 ) ( 17 (
ﺮـﺑ ﻞﻤﺘﺸﻣ ﻪﻛ هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 20
ﻲـﻣ لاﻮـﺳ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ
. يﺎـﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ هﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺪــﻬﻌﺗ : دﻮــﺑ يرﺎــﺠﻨﻫ و ﺮﻤﺘــﺴﻣ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎــﻋ .
زا ماﺪــﻛ ﺮــﻫ رد
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻊﻤﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻲﺣاﺮﻃ يﺎﻫ
تاﺮـﻈﻧ ﻪﻄﻘﻧ يروآ
هﺮﻤﻧ ياﺮﺑ ،يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻫد
مﻮـﺳ و مود ﺖﻤﺴﻗ رد ﻚﻳ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ رد ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ )
،مراﺪـﻧ يﺮـﻈﻧ ،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ،ﻢﻘﻓاﻮﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ
ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ ﻼﻣﺎﻛ و ﻢﻔﻟﺎﺨﻣ (
زا ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد 1
ﺎــﺗ 5 ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ يراﺬــﮔ شزرا )
ﻪــﻨﻳﺰﮔ ﺞﻨــﭘ سﺎــﻴﻘﻣ سﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ يا
تﺮﻜﻴﻟ .(
ﻦﻛﺮﻜــﺷ و ﻲﻣﺎــﻌﻧ
) 1383 ( ﻲــﻳاور ﺐﻳاﺮــﺿ )
هزﺎــﺳ يا ( و
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ ) خﺎﺒﻧاﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ (
و ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ 42
/ 0 و 85 / 0 ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﺮﺑ ،
ﻲﻌﻳزﻮــﺗ 46 / 0 و 78 / 0 ﻪــﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪــﻋ ياﺮــﺑ ، يا
57 / 0 و 82 / 0 و
ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﺮﺑ 40
/ 0 و 64 / 0 هدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧا
) 4 .(
يﺮـﻳاﺰﺟ
نارﺎــﻜﻤﻫ و )
1385 ( ﻲــﻳاور ﺐﻳاﺮــﺿ ﺰــﻴﻧ )
هزﺎــﺳ يا ( ﻲﻳﺎــﻳﺎﭘ و
)آ خﺎﺒﻧاﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟ (
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ياﺮـﺑ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ي
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 69
/ 0 و 88 / 0 يرﺎﺠﻨﻫ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ 71
/ 0 و 81 / 0 و
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ 45
/ 0 و 84 / 0 هدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺪﻧا
) 18 .(
ﻦﻳا رد
ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رﻮﻛﺬﻣ يﺎﻫ
.
ﺖﻬﺟ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ و ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ هداد يﺎﻫ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ زا ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺎﻫ
زا مﺮﻧ
راﺰﻓا
SPSS
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 18 هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ . ﺰﺠﺗ ﻳ ﻪ و ﻠﺤﺗ ـﻴ ﻞ تﺎـﻋﻼﻃا
دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ود ﺢﻄﺳ رﺎﻣآ ﺻﻮﺗ ﻴ ﻔ ﻲ و رﺎﻣآ ﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺳا ﻲ
ترﻮﺻ ـﻓﺮﮔ ،ﺖ رد ﺶـﺨﺑ رﺎـﻣآ ﻃﺎﺒﻨﺘـﺳا ﻲ
، زا نﻮـﻣزآ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﭘ
ﻴ ﻦﺳﺮ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار نﺎﻴﻣ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ي ﻤﻛ ﻲ ﺎـﺑ
ﻤﻃا ﻴ نﺎﻨ 95 % هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺮﮔ ﻳ ﺪ .
يﺮﻈﻧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
هﻮﻴـﺷ ﻪـﭼ ﻪـﺑ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ حﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ رد ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ سﺎﺴﺣا ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ رﺎﺘﻓر نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ رﺎـﺘﻓر ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺎﺑ يا ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ )
ﻦﻣرﻮـﻣ 1991 ( ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ
زا ﺪﻨﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻄﻴﺣ ﻪﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ )
7 (
ﻒﻟا ( ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ :
يﺎﻫ ﺪﻣﺎﻴﭘ ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻳا
ﻔﺘﻣ ﻲﻠﻐﺷ و ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ ي ﻪـﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ،ﺪـﻣآ رد ﺢﻄـﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ،توﺎ
دراد هرﺎﺷا ﻲﻠﻐﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺌﺴﻣ .
ب ( يا ﻪــﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪــﻋ :
يﺎــﻫ شور ندﻮــﺑ ﻪــﻧﻻدﺎﻋ ﻪــﺑ
ﻪـﺑدراد هرﺎـﺷا ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ يﺎﻫﺪـﻣﺎﻴﭘ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮـﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا يا هدﺮﺘـﺴﮔ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ يا ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ، ﺮﮕﻳد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺗ ياﺮﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ شور ندﻮﺑ ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ ياﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ ﻢﻴﻤﺼ
ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ هرﺎﺷا تﺎﻧﺎﻜﻣا ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ي هﻮﺤﻧ .
ج ( ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ :
دﻮـﺷ ﻲـﻣ قﻼـﻃا يا ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ درﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ
ﺐﻳﻮـﺼﺗ ﻲﻤـﺳر يﺎﻫ شور ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻞﻏﺎﺷ رد دﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻳآ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ .)
4 (
ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ :
ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا يﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ زا رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
يﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﺳ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ )
ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻲﻠﻣﺎـﻌﺗ و يا ﻪـﻳور ،ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ (
ﺎـﺑ
20 ﻦﻣرﻮـﻣ و فﻮـﻬﻴﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ هزاﺪﻧا لاﻮﺳ
لﺎﺳرد 1993 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ).
16 ( ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ :
تﻻاﻮﺳ
1 - 5 ﻲﻌﻳزﻮـﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ .
يا ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ :
تﻻاﻮـﺳ 6 - 11 ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ
اﺪﻋ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ يا ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟ
. هدواﺮﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
يا : تﻻاﻮﺳ 11 - 20 ياﺮـﺑ ﻲـﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ يا هدواﺮﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ .
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ يﺮﻈﻧ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا شﺮـﮕﻧ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗﺮﻳﺎﻣ و ﻦﻟآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﻪـﺑ ﺖﺒـﺴﻧ نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ يرادﺎـﻓو و ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻟد و ﻪﻗﻼﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ
ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲـﻣ نﺎـﺸﻧ ار نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ رد نﺪـﻧﺎﻣ
ﺪﻫد . دﺮﻓ زﺎﻴﻧ ﺎﻳ ماﺰﻟا ،ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ شﺮﮕﻧ ﻦﻳا
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ).
17 (
ﻒﻟا ( ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ :
و ﻲﮕﺘـﺴﺑاو و ﻖـﻠﻌﺗ ﻲﻋﻮـﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎـﻴﺑ
ﺖـﺳا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺖﻳﻮﻫ سﺎﺴﺣا )
ﻲﻨﻃﺎـﺑ ﻞـﻴﻣ و ﻦﺘـﺳاﻮﺧ
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد نﺪﻧﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ (
ب ( ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ :
رد نﺪـﻧﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ماﺰﻟا سﺎﺴﺣا
ﺎﺳ نﺎﻣز . يﺎـﻫرﺎﺠﻨﻫ رﺎـﺸﻓ ﺖﺤﺗ ار دﻮﺧ دﺮﻓ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا رد فاﺪـﻫا ﺖﻬﺟ رد دﻮﺧ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪﺑ و دراﺪﻨﭘ ﻲﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧورد
ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣادا نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ )
ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ماﺰﻟا ﻲﻋﻮﻧ ﺎﻳ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ (
ج ( ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ :
مﺪـﻋ و نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ياﺮـﺑ ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻪـﻣادا
نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ كﺮﺗ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ نﺎﻳز ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ نآ كﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ دﺮﻓ ﺐﻴﺼﻧ د
) نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ رد نﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ سﺎﺴﺣا (
ﻲﻠﻤﻋ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ :
نﺎـﻤﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هﺪﻳﺰﮔﺮﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗ يﺪـﻌﺑ ﻪـﺳ يﺎـﻴﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﺮﻴﻣ و ﻦﻟآ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
) يرﺎـﺠﻨﻫ و ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ (
ﺎـﺑ 20 يﺮـﻴﮔ هزاﺪـﻧا لاﻮـﺳ
لﺎـﺳ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ 1990
ﻪﺘﺧﺎـﺳ نﺎـﮔدﺮﺒﻣﺎﻧ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ
ﺖـﺳا هﺪﺷ )
17 ( ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ :
ﻻاﻮـﺳ ت 8 - 1 ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ نداد نﺎﺸﻧ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻣ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ :
تﻻاﻮـﺳ 9
- 15 ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﺮﻤﺘـﺴﻣ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ نداد نﺎـﺸﻧ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲـﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲـﻣ
ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲـﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ :
تﻻاﻮـﺳ 15
- 20 ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ
ﻲـﻣ ﻲـﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ نداد نﺎـﺸﻧ ياﺮـﺑ ﻲـﺼﺧﺎﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺷﺎﺑ ﻨ ﺪ
.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ
زا 140 ﻲﺑﺎـﺨﺘﻧا ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢـﺠﺣ ﺮﻔﻧ 126
ار ﻪﻣﺎﻨـﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﺮـﻔﻧ
،داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻦﻳا زا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻛ رﻮﻄﺑ 93
ﺮـﻔﻧ ) 8 / 73 (
و نز 33 ﺮﻔﻧ ) 2 / 26 ( ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ دﺮﻣ .
4 / 51 % ﻲﻨـﺳ هوﺮﮔ رد 21
-
22 ﺪﻨﺘــﺷاد راﺮــﻗ .
7 / 35 % ،ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ يﺎﻫﺪــﺣاو زا دﺮــﺠﻣ
و
ﻲﻘﺑﺎﻣ ) 3 / 64
% ( ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻧ . ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ 1
/ 42
% زا ﺎﻛ نﺎﻨﻛر
رد هوﺮﮔ ﻠﻐﺷ ﻲ رﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ ي
، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﺜﻛا و ﺎـﻫ
) 2 / 72
% ( اراد ي
كرﺪﻣ ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ ﻲ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ﻪﻘﺑﺎـﺳ ﺮﻈﻧ زا رﺎـﻛ ي
50
% داﺮـﻓا زا
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ
ي رﺎـﻛ 2 ﺎـﺗ 7 لﺎـﺳ ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد . ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
4 / 29 % ﻪﺑ ترﻮﺻ ﻤﺳر ﻲ لﻮﻐﺸﻣ رﺎﻛ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ) هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ ي
1 .(
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ
ي 1 . ﻲﻧاواﺮﻓ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ لوﺪﺟ
ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﺣاو يدﺮﻓ تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ مﺎﻧ داﺪﻌﺗ
ﺪﺻرد
ﺲﻨﺟ
نز 93
8 / 73
دﺮﻣ 33
2
/ 26
لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻦﺳ
22 - 29 لﺎﺳ 55
44
30 - 37 لﺎﺳ 35
28
38 - 45 لﺎﺳ 25
20
46 - 53 لﺎﺳ 10
8
ﻞﻫﺎﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
دﺮﺠﻣ 45
7 / 35
ﻞﻫﺎﺘﻣ 81
3 / 64
رﺎﻛ ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ لﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ
2 - 7 لﺎﺳ 63
50
8 - 14 لﺎﺳ 29
23
15 - 21 لﺎﺳ 28
22 / 2
22 - 28 لﺎﺳ 6
8 / 4
ﻲﻠﻐﺷ هوﺮﮔ
يرﺎﺘﺳﺮﭘ 53
42.1
يرادا - ﻲﻟﺎﻣ 31
24.6
ﻲﺼﻴﺨﺸﺗ - ﻲﻨﻓ 30
23.8
ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ - ﻲﻜﻤﻛ 12
9.5
ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ كرﺪﻣ ﻢﻠﭙﻳد ﺮﻳز 1
8 / 0
ﻢﻠﭙﻳد 14
1
/ 11
ﻲﻧادرﺎﻛ 8
3
/ 6
ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ 91
2 / 72
ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ
12 5
/ 9
ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا عﻮﻧ
ﻲﻤﺳر 37
4 / 29
يدادراﺮﻗ 30
8 / 23
ﻲﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ 18
3 / 14
ﻲﻧﺎﻤﻴﭘ 14
1 / 11
ﻲﺣﺮﻃ 26
6 / 20
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﻫ ﻊﻤﺟ 126
100
ﺰـﻴﻧ و ﻲـﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺖﻴﻌـﺿو ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ و ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪـﺣ رد نﺎﻧآ يﺎﻫ
دراد راﺮﻗ ) هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ ي
2 .(
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ
ي 2 . ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ تاﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 96
/ 2 87
/ 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
68 / 2
88 / 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 91
/ 2 51
/ 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ يا ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
87 / 2 78 / 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 76
/ 2
88 / 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ هدواﺮﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
يا 92 / 2 86
/ 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 89
/ 2
66 / 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
84 / 2 72 / 0 ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
هرﺎﻤــﺷ لوﺪــﺟ رد جرﺪــﻨﻣ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ سﺎــﺳا ﺮــﻳ 2
و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎــﻴﻣ
ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ
84 / 2 و 72 / 0 و
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ هﺮﻤﻧ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺐـﻴﺗﺮﺗ
89 / 2 و
66 / 0 دراد راﺮـﻗ ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ .
ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺢﻄـﺳ رد ﺰـﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧآ يﺎﻫ
ﻂـﺳﻮﺘﻣ
دراد راﺮﻗ . ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ زا قﻮﻓ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ يﺪﻨﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺖﻬﺟ
،ﺪـﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو )
بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ رﺎﻴـﺴﺑ ]
1 - 8 / 1 [ بﻮﻠﻄﻣﺎـﻧ ، )
8 / 1 - 6 / 2 [ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ، )
6 / 2 - 4 / 3 [ بﻮـﻠﻄﻣ ، )
4 / 3 - 2 / 4 [ رﺎﻴـﺴﺑ و
بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ) 2 / 4 - 5 .( [
نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ر ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ و ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮﻣ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻪﻄﺑا
و ﺖـﺳا راﺮﻗﺮﺑ يراد
ﻢﻴﻘﺘـﺴﻣ ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻦﻳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﺑ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ نﺎﻴﻣ هوﻼﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ و ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺪﻜﻳ ﺎﺑ ﺪـﺷ ﺖـﻓﺎﻳ راد
)
p<0.001
(
.
) هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ ي
3 .(
لوﺪﺟ
هرﺎﻤﺷ ي 3 . ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ ﻪﻄﻴﺣ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ يﺎﻫ
P-value
ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياهدواﺮﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ 494
/
0 /
0 43 1 /
0 386 /
0 504
<0.001
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ /
0 361 /
0 346 /
0 314 /
0 396
<0.001
ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ
/ 0 313 /
0 321 /
0 366 401
/ 0
<0.001
ﻲﻠﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ /
0 456 /
0 403 /
0 388 518
/ 0
<0.001
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ يﺮﻴﮔ
:
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻛﺎﺣ زا ﻦﻳا ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﻛ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ
ﻲّﻠﻛ و ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ يﺎﻫ نآ ) ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ هدواﺮـﻣ ،يا
ﻲﻌﻳزﻮـﺗ و يا (
ﺎـﺑ
ﻪﻄﻴﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺗ ﺪـﻬﻌ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ) ﻌﺗ ﺪـﻬ ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﻲـﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ و
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ( ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ
ﻲﻨﻌﻣ يراد ﺪـﻧراد . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ ﺎـﺑ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﺸﻴﭘ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ
،ﺖﺳا ﻦﻳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ هﮋـﻳو
ﺎﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻚـﻴﻨﻴﺑﺮﻫ ﻮـﺗﻮﻟآ
) 19 (،
ﺮﻨﻳﻮـﺟ و ﺲﻴـﻠﻜﺑ
) 20 ( ، ﻲﻟ ﻲﺟ ورﺪﻧا )
21 ( ﻲﻟﺎﺘﺳا ﺮﻳﻼﺑ ورﺪﻧا و )
22 ( ﮓـﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ
ﺖﺳا . ﻢﻫ ﻼﻣﺎـﻛ ﺰـﻴﻧ نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و يرﻮﻔﻏ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ
ﻲﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ و ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
) 15 .(
تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ رد ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ
ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ سﺎﺴﺣا ﻪﻛ هدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﻴﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ دﺎـﻌﺑا ﺮﺑ ار ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﺛا ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘـﺷاد
.
ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻛرﺎـﺸﻣ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ سﺎﺴﺣا يﺎـﻫ
ﺮـﺛا ﻦﻳﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖـﻳﺎﻤﺣ كرد زا ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻲﻠﻐـﺷ يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺮﺑ ار ﺖﺒﺜﻣ و ﻢﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ )
23 .(
ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﻧﺎﺧﺮﻴﻣا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ي
ـﺸﻧاد نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ روﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا زا ، ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ نﺎﻬﻔﺻا ﺪﻨﻛ
. ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﺣا ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻧﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ سﺎـﺴ
ﻲﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻲﺘﻟاﺪﻋ ﻳﺎـﭘ حﻮﻄﺳ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
ﻦﻴ زا ار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ زا يﺮـﺗ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ رﺎـﭼد فاﺪـﻫا ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد رد ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﺪﻨﻫد
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﻣ ﻜﻋﺮـﺑ و ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ
نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ،نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ يﻻﺎـﺑ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﺲ
ﺖﻳاﺪـﻫ هﺪـﺷ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ فاﺪﻫا و ﺪﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ ار رﻮﺤﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ) 24 (
Colquitt
لﺎﺳ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و 2001
ﻚﻳ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺎﺑ
ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد رﺎﻬﻇا ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ درﻮﻣ رد ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآﺎﺘﻣ ﻪﻳور ،ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻳﺎـﺿر نﻮـﭼ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻳآﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ و يا
،ﻲﻠﻐﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﺰﺼﺤﻨﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻲﻠﻐﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر
دراد دﻮﺟو يدﺮﻓ )
25 .(
ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد دﻮـﺟو ﻦـﻳا ﺎﺑ و ﻲﺑﻮـﻘﻌﻳ ي
ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ و يرﺎـﺠﻨﻫ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﻴﻟو ﻪﺘﺷاد ﻪﻄﺑار ﺖـﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ يا
. ﻢـﻫ
ﻪـﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ﻂـﻘﻓ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ عاﻮﻧا زا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺎـﺑ يا
ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ
هدواﺮﻣ و ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ و ﺖﺳا هداﺪﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻄﺑار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ يا
ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ياراد ﻪﻔﻟﻮﻣ ﻦﻳا )
26 .(
رد ﺐﻠﻏا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎـﻫ مﺎـﺠﻧا هﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺑ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻢـﻬﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ
ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ و مزﻻ ﺖﺳا ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ ﻊﻳﺎﻨﺻ و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻳا
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻢﻬﻣ ار ـﻣ ﺪ ﺮـﻈﻧ راﺮـﻗ ﺪـﻨﻫد و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ تﺎﻣاﺪـﻗا ﺎـﺑ و ،
رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪــﻋ ندﺮــﺑ ﻻﺎــﺑ ﺖــﻬﺟ رد ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ تاﺪــﻴﻬﻤﺗ و ،نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ رد هﺪﺷ كرد ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ سﺎﺴﺣا يﺎﻘﺗرا ﺰﻴﻧ و نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ و ﻲﻳآرﺎـﻛ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﺰـﻴﻧ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ يﺎـﻘﺗرا نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ هﺮﻬﺑ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ شﻼﺗ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يرو يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻪﻛاﺮﭼ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ياﺮـﺟا و ﺖـﺳا حﺮـﻄﻣ يﺮﻄﻓ زﺎﻴﻧ
و هﺪﺷ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻪﺑ نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ هﺮﻬﺑ و ﻲﻳآرﺎﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ نآ ﻊﺒﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻓر ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﻻﺎﺑ نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يرو
.
ﻪﺑ ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ هوﻼﻋ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد
نﺎﺘــﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎــﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻦﻴــﺑ رد ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ ﺪــﺣ رد ﺐــﺨﺘﻨﻣ يﺎــﻫ
ﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ،ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ عاﻮﻧا نﺎﻴﻣ زا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻂ
هدواﺮﻣ يا ) 92 / 2 ( هﺮـﻤﻧ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ عاﻮﻧا ﺮﻳﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
رادرﻮـﺧﺮﺑ يﺮـﺘﻤﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ زا ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ عاﻮﻧا ﺮﮕﻳد زا ﻲﻌﻳزﻮﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺖﺳا . نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻊﻗاو رد ﺪـﻘﺘﻌﻣ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ
هدﻮﺑ شادﺎﭘ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا ﻧ يﺎﻫ
ﻪـﺑ دراد دﻮﺟو رﺎﻛ زا ﻲﺷﺎ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ رد ﻪﻧﻻدﺎﻋ ترﻮﺻ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻊﻗاو رد ،دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو نﺎﺷ
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺮﻳﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر زا يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ سﺎﺴﺣا نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺧ رﺎﻛ ﻞﺤﻣ رد شادﺎﭘ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧا
.
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ يور ﺮﺑ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻲﻃ ﻲﻳﺎﻓو ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴـﺑ رد ﻲﻌﻳزﻮـﺗ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ كاردا ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺷاد مﻼﻋا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ﺮﻬﺷ ﻪﻳور ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ كاردا و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﺣ رد نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ نآ رد يا
ﺎﻫ
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺪﺣ رد دراد راﺮﻗ يﺮﺗ
. مﺪـﻋ ترﻮـﺻ رد و ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ ﻦـﻳا رد ﺎﻛ ،نآ زا ﺢﻴﺤﺻﺎﻧ كرد ﺎﻳ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ياﺮﺟا
رﺎـﭼد نﺎـﻨﻛر
ﻲﻣ ﻲﻔﺨﻣ ﺶﻨﺗ ﻲﻋﻮﻧ رد ار دﻮـﺧ ﺖﻛرﺎـﺸﻣ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد و ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻧآ ﻲﻧﺪﻣ رﺎﺘﻓر نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و ﺪﻨﻫد
ﻲﻣ ﻢﻛ دﻮﺷ ) 27 .(
ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺮﮕﻳد ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ زا ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ دﺎـﻌﺑا نﺎـﻴﻣ رد ﻦﻴـﻨﭼ ﻢﻫ ،دراد راﺮﻗ ﻲﻄﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ رد
ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ و ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ ﻲـﻣ هﺮـﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ياراد
ﻲـﻠﺒﻗ ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻦﻳا زا ﻪﻛ هدﻮﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ياراد ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ .
دﺎـﻌﺑا نﺎﻴﻣ رد ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻲﺑﻮﻘﻌﻳ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ رد
و ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ ﺪـﻬﻌﺗ ياراد نﺎﺘـﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ،ﺪﻬﻌﺗ دﻮﺑ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ياراد ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ )
26 .(
ﻳ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
يﺎﻫ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻲﻧاﻮﻟا ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﻔﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺪﻫد
ﺮﻤﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺖﺳا نﺎﻧآ
. يﺪـﺣﺎﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻴﻳﺎﺗ ار ﻲﻠﺒﻗ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﻛ
) 5 .(
ﻲﻣ كرد ار نﺎﻣزﺎﺳ نﺎﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﻲﺘﻗو ﺖﻘﻴﻘﺣ رد ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
نآ كرد ﺶﻨـﻛاو و ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ مﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻫ نآ يﺎـﻫ
ﺎـﻫ نﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺑ
ﻢﻫ دﺎـﺠﻳا ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﻲﻧﺪـﻣ رﺎـﺘﻓر و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ نﻮﭼ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ . كرد ﺎـﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎـﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪـﻋ كرد ﻲﺘﻗو ،ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮـﺘﻬﺑ نﺎـﻨﻛرﺎﻛ شﺮـﮕﻧ و رﺎـﺘﻓر ،دﻮـﺷ هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ
ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ ) 28 .(
ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ زا ﻲـﺋﺰﺟ ﺪﻨﻤـﺷﻮﻫ ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ نﺎﺴﻧا ﺮﮔا رد ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ دﻮﺟو ترﻮﺻ رد ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻲﭘ رد و ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ
يا ﻪـﻄﺑار ،نآ ياﺰﺟا شﻼﺗ و ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ،شا ﻲﻤﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺖﻤﻟﺎﺴﻣ .
) 29 (
نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا و ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ اﺬﻟ ﻲـﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺪﻬﻌﺗ هﺮـﻬﺑ ﺶﻳاﺰـﻓا ﺖـﻬﺟ دﻮـﺷ
و يرو
ﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ و ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻧا ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ زا ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هرود ،ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﻊﺑ
يﺎـﻫ
نﺎﺘﺳرﺎﻤﻴﺑ ناﺮﻳﺪﻣ يزﺎﺳ ﺎﻨﺷآ ياﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ و ﻲﻓﺎﻛ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻫ
ﻪﺑ هﻮﺤﻧ و ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻣ و لﻮﺻا ﺎﺑ راﺰـﮔﺮﺑ نآ يﺮﻴﮔرﺎﻛ
ﻦﻴـﻴﺒﺗ نﺎﻧآ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺎﺳ ﺖﻟاﺪﻋ ﺖﻳﺎﻋر ﺶﻘﻧ و ﺖﻴﻤﻫا و دﻮﺷ دﻮﺷ ﺢﻳﺮﺸﺗ و .
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Determining the Relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment among employees of Shariati
and Vali Asr hospital (as) in the year 1390
Ghasemyani. Sh 1, pourreza. A2*, Forotan.S 1
Submitted: 19.5.2013 Accepted: 5.10.2013
Abstract
Background: Organizations need dedicated human resource to achieve their goals. Doing justice to personnel result in increasing job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study is aimed to determine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment among Shariati and vali Asr (as) hospital staff in the year 1390.
Materials and Methods: This survey has been done using a cross-sectional descriptive analytical method. 140 of personnel of Shariati and vali asr hospital were involved in the survey. Nyhvf and Moorman (1993) and Meyer (1990) questionnaire were used. The former was used for measuring dimensions of organizational justice and the latter was used for determining the level of organizational commitment. The data were analyzed descriptively inferentially using SPSS version 18.
Result: The mean and standard deviation of organizational justice were 2/84 and 0/72 respectively and the mean and standard deviation of organizational commitment were 2/89 and 0/66 respectively.
The results showed a direct significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment .The value of correlation coefficient indicates a direct relationship between variables.
Conclusions: According to the results of study, organizational Justice and organizational commitment were in average level among samples. These variables merit further consideration as their direct and significant relationship and also their crucial role in increasing efficiency of organizations especially hospitals. Managers would have to give increasing organizational justice serious consideration
Key words: Organizational Justice, Organizational Commitment, Hospital
1. -MSc student of Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical science
2-Professor, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (* Corresponding author), Phone: 88989128 Email: [email protected]
