١
ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ توﺎﻔﺘﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﯾر و ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ لﺎﮐﺮﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ
ماﺪﻧاو ﯽﯾاز ﯽﯾاز
ﻞﮔ ﻦﯾا ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﯽﻋار وﺮﺘﯾو
ﯽﻓﺮﺷ ﻢﯿﻫاﺮﺑا
*
نﺎﯿﮐﻮﺘﻓ ﻦﯿﺴﺣﺪﻤﺤﻣ ،1
ﯽﯾﻮﮑﻧ مﺎﯿﺧ ﯽﺒﺘﺠﻣ ﺪﯿﺳ ،2
يدواد شﻮﯾراد ،3
ﻮﻠﻨﺴﺣ هﺮﻫﺎﻃ ،3 3
1 - يزروﺎﺸﮐ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮﯿﺑ ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،
،يزروﺎ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
2 - ﻮﻀﻋ ﻫﯿ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،يزروﺎﺸﮐ هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌ
3 - ﻮﻀﻋ ﻫﯿ ناﺮﯾا يزروﺎﺸﮐ يژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗﻮﯿﺑ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﺖﺌ
هﺪﯿﮑﭼ ﻞﮔ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻤﻬﻣ صاﻮﺧ ياراد ﻦﯾرﻮﻓﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ و ﻦﯿﺳﺮﭙﯾﺎﻫ ﯽﻨﻌﯾ نآ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻢﻬﻣ ﯽﯾوراد هﺎﯿﮔ ﮏﯾ ﯽﻋار
ﺪﺿ ﺪﺿ ،ﯽﮔدﺮﺴﻓا ﺪﺿ و ﯽﺳوﺮﯾو
ﯽﻣ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﯽﻧاواﺮﻓ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﯽﯾوراد ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺪﻧراد . ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺮﺛا ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد
ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ و ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ ﺰﯾر عﻮﻧ
سﻮﻟﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ماﺪﻧا و ﯽﯾاز
ﻞﮔ ﯽﯾاز ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ حﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد و ﯽﻋار
ﺎﺑ ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ 5
و راﺮﮑﺗ 5 ﺰﯾر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
. ﺰﯾر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ) و ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ،ﻪﺸﯾر گﺮﺑ
( ﮔ زا ﯿ ﻪﭽﻫﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺘﺳا ﯾ ﻞ ﮐ ﺖﺸ هﺪﺷ
رد ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺷارﻮﻣ ﯿ ﺳا و ﺞ ﮑ گﻮ ) (MS
ﻬﺗ ﯿ ﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﻪ ﯿ
ﺎﻫ ﻂ ي نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ يوﺎﺣMS يﺎﻫ
IAA
) ،ﺮﻔﺻ 5/
0 ، 1،2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ
ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ ( و )BAP ﺮﻔﺻ
،4 /0 ، 8/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ ( رد و هﺪﺷ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ .
ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ و د يﺎﻣد ر 23 رد ﻪﺟ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲﭘ 28
و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا زور نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ حﻮﻄﺳ
لﺎﮐﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ماﺪﻧاو ﯽﯾاز راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاز
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ .ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ
حﻮﻄﺳ ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ ي
IAA ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و BAP
ﯿ ﻦ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ود ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ
ﯽ رد راد ﺢﻄﺳ 1 ﺪﺻرد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﻈﻧ زا ،
ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ و ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﺷ . ﺸﺗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯿﮑ
ﻞ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﯾر زا ﻪﺸﯾر
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد 8/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ
BAP ) 25 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ هزاﺪﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ 1
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ وIAA 4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ BAP ) 4 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( و
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد هﺪﻣآ
2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )IAA 25 ﻪﺸﯾر ( دﯾ هﺪ ﺪﺷ . ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺸﺗ ﯿﮑ ﻞ ﺰﯾر زا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد 2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ وIAA 8 /0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ )BAP 20 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هزاﺪﻧا
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ 1
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ و IAA 8/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP 5 ﯿﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠ ( و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦ
ﺸﺗ ﯿﮑ ﻞ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد هﺪﺷ 2
ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ وIAA
4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP 20 ﻪﺸﯾر ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ . ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺸﺗ ﯿﮑ ﻞ ﺰﯾر هﺪﺷ گﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد
5/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ وIAA 8/
0 مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP 23 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هزاﺪﻧا
سﻮﻟﺎﮐ
ﯿﺗ رد رﺎﻤ 2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ وIAA
4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP 4 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( ﺑ و ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ 2
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ
ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ )IAA 20 ﻪﺸﯾر ( ور ﯾ ﺖ ﺪﺷ .
هژاو يﺪﯿﻠﮐ يﺎﻫ :
ﻞﮔ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ،ﯽﻋار هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
لﺎﮐ ،ﺪﺷر يﺎﻫ ماﺪﻧا ،ﯽﯾاز
ﯽﯾاز .
٢
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ او ﮐ ﺶﻨ ﮐ لﺎ از ﯽﯾ
، ﻪﺧﺎﺷ از ﯽﯾ و رﯾ ﻪﺸ از ﯽﯾ ﻞﮔ ﻋار ﯽ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻘﺤﺗ
ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﻨﺑ ﯿ دﺎ ي و ﺎﭘﯾ ﻪ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﻌﺑ
ي
لﺎﻘﺘﻧا نژ و ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﺑﯿ ﺗﻮ ﮑ ژﻮﻟﻮﻨ ي روﺮﺿ ي ﺖﺳا .
Akcamoluk
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫو )
2010 ( رد ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﺶ ﺎﻫ ي دﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ اﯾ ﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯿ ﻪﺠ
ﺳر ﯿ ﺪﻧﺪ ﮐ ﻪ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ ﻦ ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ ﮐ ﺖﺸ اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺤﺗ ﮏﯾ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ ﮐ سﻮﻟﺎ زا گﺮﺑ و ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﺎﻫ ي ﻞﮔ ﻋار ﯽ
، ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻂ ﮐ ﺖﺸ وﺎﺣ MS ي 1
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ 2,4-D ﻪﺑ
هاﺮﻤﻫ 1 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ NAA ﺖﺳا . Carolina و
ﻤﻫ ﮑ نارﺎ ) 2001 ( شراﺰﮔ ﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮ ﮐ ﻪ
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ ﮐ سﻮﻟﺎ رد ﻞﮔ ﻋار ﯽ زا رﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰ ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ ﺖﺸ هﺪﺷ رد رﻮﻀﺣ 1 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ و BA 1 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ
ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ 2,4-D رد رﺎﺗ ﯽﮑﯾ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺪﻣآ و ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ ﺪﻌﺗ دا ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي ﺖﺳﺪﺑ هﺪﻣآ زا ﮐ سﻮﻟﺎ رﻮﻀﺣ رد 1
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ
وKIN 1/
0 ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﻟﯿ ﺮﺘ 2,4-D ﺖﺳا .
داﻮﻣ و ﺎﻬﺷور
ﻞﮔ يﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﺪﺷ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﯾوراد نﺎﻫﺎﯿﮔ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ رﺬﺑ ﮏﻧﺎﺑ زا ﯽﻋار
. تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ 20
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﻢﯾﺪﺳ ﺖﯾﺮﻠﮐﻮﭙﯿﻫرد 5
ﺲﭙﺳو ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﺻرد 3
ﻪﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ بآ ﺮﻄﻘﻣ ﺮﺘﺳا ﯾ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞ 12
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد ﻮﺸﺘﺴﺷ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .
رﺬﺑ
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯾﺮﺘﺳا ﻼﻣﺎﮐ دﻮﻫ ﺮﯾز رد هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺷ يﺎﻫ 60
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .
نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫ رﺬﺑ
يوﺮﺑ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ يوﺎﺣMS
30 و زرﺎﮐﺎﺳ مﺮﮔ 5/
7 ﺎﺑ رﺎﮔآ مﺮﮔ 7/PH
5 ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ يرﻮﻧ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷﺎﺑ نوﺮﺗﻮﺘﯿﻓ رد و
2400 ﺲﮐﻮﻟ
، يرﻮﻧ هرود 16
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﺖﻋﺎﺳ و
8 ﺳ يﺎﻣد رد ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ ﺖﻋﺎ 2
+ 25 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
زاﺪﻌﺑ 40 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر ﺖﺳر ﻪﻧاد ﺮﻫ زا زور
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ يوﺎﺣ يﺎﻫ ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﻪﺑو ﺪﻧﺪﺷ اﺪﺟ ﻪﻗﺎﺳو ﻪﺸﯾر، گﺮﺑ يﺎﻫ .
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺎﺑIAA
يﺎﻫ ،ﺮﻔﺻ 5/
0 ، 1،2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ و
ﺎﺑBAP ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﺮﻔﺻ
،4 /0 ، 8/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . 12 ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ﺮﻫ زا ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ
ﺖﺸﮐ رد 5 ﻪﺸﯿﺷ يﺎﻫ ﺶﯾد يﺮﺘﭘ ﻞﺧادراﺮﮑﺗ ا
دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ ي 8/
1
* 6 فﺮﻇ ﺮﻫردو ، ﻊﯾزﻮﺗ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ 5
درﻮﻣ ماﺪﻧا زا ﻪﻌﻄﻗ
ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺸﮐ ﺮﻈﻧ .
يﺎﻣد رد ﯽﮑﯾرﺎﺗ ﻂﯾاﺮﺷ رد ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 23
راﺮﻗ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ
. ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺲﭘ 28
ﺮﺛا زور
و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر عﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺑ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ حﻮﻄﺳ
راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ
.
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ يرﺎﻣآ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ هداد و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧاو ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ،ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ :
ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد
ﯽﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ حﺮﻃ ﺎﺑ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺮﻧ ﺎﺑ
م ﺰﻓا را
MSTATC
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ درﻮﻣ .
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
ﺑﯿ ﻦ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ ﺎﻫ ي
IAA ﻨﭽﻤﻫ وBAP
ﯿ ﻦ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ود ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ
ﯽ رد راد ﺢﻄﺳ 1 ﺪﺻرد ،سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﺮﻈﻧ زا
ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ و ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ
ﺪﺷ .
گﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر :
ﺸﺗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯿﮑ
ﻞ هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا زا ﺰﯾر رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 5/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ وIAA 8/
0 مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ
)BAP 23 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هزاﺪﻧا
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ 2
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ و IAA
4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP 4 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( و
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦ 2
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ )IAA 20 ﻪﺸﯾر ( ور ﯾ ﺖ ﺪﺷ .
ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر :
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺸﺗ
ﯿﮑ ﻞ زا هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا ﺰﯾر رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ 2
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ وIAA 8 /0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ
ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ ) BAP 20 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ هزاﺪﻧا
رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ 1
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ و IAA
8/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ BAP
) 5 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺸﺗ ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦ ﯿﮑ
ﻞ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد هﺪﺷ 2
ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﯽﻠﯿﻣ و IAA
4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ
)BAP 20 ﻪﺸﯾر ( هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﺷ .
ﻪﺸﯾر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر :
ﺸﺗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯿﮑ
ﻞ زا هﺪﺷ ﻦﯾا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﺰﯾر 8
/ 0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )BAP
25 ﻪﺧﺎﺷ (
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﻦ هزاﺪﻧا رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد سﻮﻟﺎﮐ 1
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ وIAA 4/
0 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ BAP ) 4 ﺮﺘﻤﯿﻠﯿﻣ ( ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯿ ﯿﺑ ﻦ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸ
دﻮﺟو ﻪﺑ ﻪﺸﯾر داﺪﻌﺗ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ رد هﺪﻣآ
2 ﯽﻠﯿﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺘﯿﻟﺮﺑ )IAA 25 ﻪﺸﯾر ( دﯾ هﺪ ﺪﺷ .
(I1=0 mg/lit IAA, I2=0/5 mg/lit IAA , I3=1 mg/lit IAA, I4=2 mg/lit) (B1=0 mg/lit BAP, B2=0/4 mg/lit BAP ,B3=0/8 mg/lit BAP)
) ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ رد ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﻮﻣرﻮﻫ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ،يرﺎﻤﯿﺗ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺪﻧا هﺪﺷ هدﺮﺑ رﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻢﻫﺎﺑ
(.
ﻞﮑﺷ 1 :
گﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر .
سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ,(A)
(B)
ﻪﺸﯾرداﺪﻌﺗ
.(C)
ﻞﮑﺷ 2
: ﻪﻗﺎﺳ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر .
ﻪﺧﺎﺷداﺪﻌﺗ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا,(A)
(B)
ﻪﺸﯾرداﺪﻌﺗ
.(C)
ﻞﮑﺷ 3
: ﻪﺸﯾر ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﯾر .
ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ هزاﺪﻧا,(A)
(B)
ﻪﺸﯾرداﺪﻌﺗ
.(C)
ﺑ يﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧو ﺚﺤ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﮐ ﻮﺘﯿﺳ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد ﺪﺷ
. ﻻﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏرد ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ ﻦﯿﺴﮐا ﺮﺗ
ﺶﯿﭘ ﻪﺸﯾر ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ﺖﻤﺳ ﺪﻨﺘﻓر
ﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ودﺮﻫ ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﻪﮐ ﯽﻧﺎﻣزو هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦ
ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ .
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ يورﺮﺑ ﻪﺸﯾر ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ دﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻣ ت رﻮﺻ هﺪﻨﮐاﺮﭘو ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑﯾ ﺮﯿﻏ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ
. نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ ﺮﺛا ياراد BAP
نﻮﻣرﻮﻫو هرﺎﺴﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻘﻟا رد ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻪﺸﯾر يﺎﻘﻟا رد ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺮﺛا يارادIAA
. ﺎﺑ سﻮﻟﺎﮐ يوﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺧﺎﺷ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻣ ﺎﻫ ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ رﺎﻈﻨﻧا ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻂﯿﺤﻣ ردBAP
دور ﯽ )
،يﺰﯾﺰﻋ 1381 ( . سﻮﻟﺎﮐ زا
هﺮﺛﻮﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ رﻮﺘﯿﺴﯿﻟا ﺮﯾﺎﺳ ﺮﺛا ﻪﺑ ندﺮﺑ ﯽﭘو ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ نﻮﯿﺴﻧﺎﭙﺳﻮﺳ رد ﺖﺸﮐ ياﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ يﺎﻫ دراد ار ﺖﯿﻟﻮﺑﺎﺘﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻞﯿﺴﻧﺎﺘﭘ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﭼ ﻪﺑ ماﺪﻧا ﺮﻫ ﻪﮐ دﺮﺑ ﯽﭘ ﺎﺗ ،ﺖﺷاد ﯽﻋار ﻞﮔ .
ﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨ : 1.Azizi, M., Omidbeigi, R. 2002. The investigation of Hypericum perforatum L .in the in vitro condition in production of hypericin and other secondary metabolites. Pajouhesh and sazandegi journal. No: 40, 15-45.
2.Akcamoluk,E. 2010. High efficiency indirect shoot regeration and hypericin contant in embryogenic callus of Hypericum triquetrifolium turra. African journal of Biotechnology ,vol.9(15),2229-2233.
3.Carolina, A., Astarita, L.V. and Santarem E.R. 2001. Organogenese in Hypericum perforatum L. IV Encontro Latino-Americano de Biotechnologin Vegetal , Goiania, Resumos, p 81.
The effect different growth regulators levels and different explants on callogenesis and organogenesis Hypericum perforatum L. in vitro
E.SHARAFI1*,M.H.FOTOKIAN2,S.M.KHAYYMNKYY3,D.DAVOODI3,T.HASSANLO O3
1-Agricultual biotechonology graduate student, Faculity of Agriculture, Shahed University
2-Academic member, Faculity of Agriculture, Shahed University
3-Academic member Agricultural Biotechnology Researh Institute of Iran
*[email protected] Abstract
St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) is an important medicinal plant which contains effective materials such as hypericin and hyperforin. These materials demonstrate as an anti-depressant, antiviral and antibacterial agents and widely use in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study the effect of different levels of growth regulators and explants type on callogenesis and organogenesis of st John's wort were examined with factorial experiment design on the basis of completely randomized design with five repeats and five explants. The root, stem and seedlings leave of sterile plantlets were used as a explants to culture on MS medium containing IAA (zero, 0.5, 1,2 mg/L) and BAP (zero, 0.4, 0.8 mg/L). The grown samples were put in the growth chamber in the darkness condition at 23 °C.
After 28 days, the interactions between explants types and hormone levels were investigated. The significant effect at the 1 percent probability was observed between treatment levels of IAA, BAP and the interaction between two factors (IAA*BAP) for the calluses size, branch and root numbers. The highest numbers of branches were achieved in the root explants treated with 0.8 mg/L BAP (25 branches). The highest callus size were achieved in media contained 1 mg/L IAA and 0.4 mg/L BAP (4 mm) and greatest number of roots were observed in media contained 2 mg/L IAA (25 roots). The highest number of branches were calculated in the stem explants treated with2 mg/L IAA and 0.8 mg/L BAP (20 branches), the highest callus size were observed in media which treated with 1 mg/L IAA and 0.8 mg/L BAP (5 mm). The largest roots were measured in media treated with2 mg/L IAA and 0.4 mg/L BAP (20 roots).The largest number of branches were formed in the leaf explants treated with IAA 0.5 mg/L and 0.8 mg/L BAP (23 branches), the highest callus size in treatment with 2 mg/L IAA and 0.4 mg BAP (4 mm) and the highest number of roots in treatment with 2 mg/L IAA (20 roots) were observed.
Key words: St Johns Wort,
