BAN VE CAC NGUYEN TAC CO BAN CUA CHIEN LUOC BIEN VIET NAM
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TRONG THE KY XXI
NGUYEN THANH MINH*
TT^iidi anh sang cua Hoi nghi lan thii 2-^ IV Ban Chap hanh Trung licPig khod X cua Dang cong sdn Viet Nam tii ngay 15 thdng 1 nam 2007 den ngay 24 thang 1 nam 2007 tg,i Thu do Ha Noi da thdng qua Nghi quyet vi Chien liidc bien Viet Nam den nam 2020. Thdi gian va cac muc tieu cua Chien liidc phii hdp vdi muc tieu Citdng linh cua Dang vd Nghi quyet cua cdc Dai hoi Dang IX, X. Nghi quyet da chi ro con diidng phdt trien den nam 2020 diia Viet Nam cd ban trd thanh niidc cong nghiep theo hiidng hien dg,i. Viec xay diing vd trien khai thiic hien Chien liidc bien Viet Nam den ndm 2020 c6 y nghia dac biet quan trgng doi vdi sii nghiep xay diing vd bao ve To quoc trong thdi ky mdi.
1. N g u y e n t a c t o n g t h e c u a Chien
\\i<3c b i e n
Bao ve trat tii mdi tren vung bien qu6'c t e v a quyen Idi bien quoc gia, do'i vdi Idi ich quoc gia ven bien, quoc gia quan dao giiia cac quoc gia can phai cd quyen Idi hucing
cong bing, bao gom lanh hai, them luc dia va gidi ban vung dac quyen kinh te theo phan dinh tren nguygn t i c binh dang va ton trong vi§c thUe hi§n cac cam k§'t quoc t§' va khu vUc, dac bi§t Cong Udc cua Lien hdp quoc ve luat bien nam 1982 va TuySn bo'cua cac ben ve each iing x\l b Bien Dong gifla cac quoc gia ASEAN cd lien quan va Trung Quoc ky nam 2002 tai Campuchia (DOC), con cong dong quoc te quan ly nguon tai nguyen khoang san day bien quoc te va quan ly mot so' nguon tai nguyen sinh vkt vung bien cong. Hien nay, mot so quyen Idi nay can phai dUdc hu6ng cong bang va mot quoc gia can phai c6 kha nang gianh lay va kha nang bao v§ n6.
Quyin Idi bien quoc gia va an ninh biln la mot nen tang cua mot quoc gia trong viec hoach dinh chien lUdc phat trien bien, ciing la dieu kiSn tien de cua quoc gia c6 du kha nang ti§'n hanh Idi dung khai thac tai nguyen bien v6h c6 cua nUdc minh.
Duy tri bao ve trat tU mdi bien quoc gia cong b i n g hdp ly, bao dam ngan chan xam Ths.NCS. Nguyin Thanh Minh, Cue Canh sat bien Viet Nam Bo Quoc phong
Nguyen Thanh Minh Nguyen tac cahdn cua chien I Udc hien... 11 pham Idi ich bien cua nude minh, kien tri
nguyen t i c cd ban cua an ninh bien quo'e gia, mdi cd t h i thiic day higu qua, b i n vflng va p h a t trien n h a n h manh sU nghiep biin quoc gia. Chinh phu Vi$t Nam trude sau nhU mdt deu chu trUdng thong qua giai quyet cac tranh chap bien dao bing con dudng hoa binh, hiiu nghi do'i vdi nhiing van de tranh chap bien, dao do lich s\i de lai trong thdi gian qua. Ve chu quyen hai quan dao Hoang Sa va TrUdng Sa nguyen t i c nhat quan trUde sau nhu mot ve khang dinh chu quyen quoc gia Viet Nam do'i vdi hai quan dao Hoang Sa va TrUdng Sa, van d i nay dUa tren cac cd sd phap ly quo'e gia va luat phap quo'e t§', dac bi§t la C6ng Ude cua Lien hdp quo'e v i luat bien nam 1982, cd sd phap ly tren phUdng dien lich svL, luat phap, van hoa cac cd sd do diu phu hdp vdi nguyen t i c cua luat b i i n quoc te hien dai.
Tiip tuc kien tri nghien ciiu tim bien phap hoa binh, tren tinh than binh ding phu hdp vdi luat phap quoc te, Cong Udc ciia Lien hdp quo'e ve luat bien nam 1982 va Tuyen bo' v i each ilng xtf cua cac ben d Biin Dong (DOC) de giai quyet tranh chap tren bien.
Liy xay dUng kinh ti bien lam trung tam, hien nay quan diem cua cac quoc gia ven bien trong khu vUc va tren the gidi deu coi biin va dai dUdng la diem ndng canh tranh quoc t§'cua t h e k y XXI, trong do bao gim cac linh viic kinh te, chinh tri, quan sU va khoa hoc ky thuat bien. Trong boi canh hien nay, Vi§t Nam la nUde dang phat triin, cang mong muo'n bien cd the cd
nhiing dong gop Idn nhat cho tang trudng kinh te quoc dan. Viet Nam dang phan dau thiic hien muc tieu phat trien bin viing, de dat dUdc trinh do cua nUdc dang phat trien den nam 2020 Viet Nam cd ban trd thanh mot nUdc cong nghiep phat trien theo hudng hien dai. Den nam 2020 Viet Nam cd ban trd thanh quo'e gia giau manh tii bien, mong muo'n cao do dong thdi tien hanh Idi dung khai thac b i n viing nguon tai nguyen bien san cd ciia quo'e gia.
Xet cho cung la Viet Nam can phat trien kinh te bien, phat trien la mau chot giai quyet moi van di. Lay viec thiic day phat trien nhanh, manh va bin viing v i bien g i n liin vdi bao ve chu quyin toan ven lanh tho quo'e gia lam diem xuat phat cua hoach dinh chien lUdc phat trien bien, coi day la nguyen t i c chien lUdc can phai kien tri trUde sau nhU mot.
Phat trien nhanh diing mile, trong nhiing nam gan day, sU phat trien kinh te ciia Viet Nam ciing rat lac quan, tii thap ky 90 cua the ky XX den nay, kinh te bien ciia Viet Nam v i n bao dam dUde tinh hinh tang trudng cao, cac khu vUc duyen hai Viet Nam luon lay viec phat trien kinh te bien, khai thac biin va thiic hien chien lUdc ling dung khoa hoc ky thuat vao chan hung bien lam bien phap quan trong thiic day tang trUcing kinh te khu vUc cac tinh va thanh pho' ven bien.
TUdng lai khai thac bien va phat trien kinh te bien cua Viet Nam nhat dinh se chii y ket hdp hieu qua va diing mile, khong the theo dudi tang trudng tong lUdng kinh te ddn thuan, khong the coi
12 Nghien ciii4 Dong Nam A 7/2011 nhe chat lUdng phat trien kinh te va
nhiiu van de phat trien nhU moi trUdng xau da dem lai. Phat trien kinh te bien ciia Viet Nam can phai di theo eon dudng phat trien nhanh, manh va ben vQng dam bao tinh on dinh lau dai.
Quy hoach tong the khai thac bien, ciing vdi sU phat trien kinh te, dUa phUdng hudng khai thac phat trien bien sang gdc do sau rong hdn va tiing bUde md rong cac nganh san xuat bien, coi dat liin lam can cil cho boat dong khai thac phat trien bien. Van de nay, doi hoi Viet Nam phai danh nhiiu sU ung ho hdn cho viec khai thac bien. Trong boi canh hien nay.
Dang va Nha nUde can coi quy hoach tong the bien va d i t lien la nguyen t i c cd ban cua chien lUde phat trien bien, nen can phai sap dat tong the, quy hoach khoa hoc va tang cUdng quan ly va khai thac tong hdp dai bd bien. Bao ve va khai thac hdp ly khu viic bien gan, lam cho Uu the khu viic dai bd bien va Uu the tai nguyen bien bd sung cho nhau va thiic day nhau. Dong thdi, phai tich cUc nghien cilu va can phoi hdp tham gia Idi dung khai thac dai dUdng va day bien quo'e te, day la van d i Viet Nam cin tinh den va cd sU chuan hi cho 16 trinh thuc hien, la quoc gia bien va pha'n dau trd thanh mot nUdc giau manh til bien thi Viet Nam can phai tinh den khai thac va stf dung tai nguyen tren cac viing bien, day bien qud'c te^ va d cac dai dUdng chii khdng chi do'i vdi rieng viing bien quoc gia trong khu vUe Bien Dong.
Ldi dung hdp ly tai nguyen bien, thiic day phat trien nhip nhang nganh san
xuat bien, do trong qua trinh thUc hien san xua't bien d Viet Nam v i n chUa tho'ng nhat, giiia cac t h a n h phan trong xa hoi tham gia khai thac sil dung bien v i n ton tai mot sd^ xung dot ldi ich. Vi vay, Viet Nam can phai thiic hien phat trien bin viing kinh te bien, can phai can cii vao diiu kien tai nguyen tii nhien bien de phoi hdp hdp ly vdi khong gian bien va tai nguyen bien, phat huy dUde gia tri Idn nhat cua bien. Van d i nay doi hoi phai cd ke hoach nghien cilu khoa hoc va danh gia cu the v i nguon tai nguyen bien cua Viet Nam. Khong ngiing tim kiem nguon tai nguyen mdi, ldi dung ky thuat mdi de hinh thanh va phat trien cac nganh nghi mdi v i bien, thiic day phat trien nhanh, manh va b i n viing, dong thdi dam bao tinh dn dinh lau dai.
Khai thac nguon tai nguyen bien va thiic hien dong bo, quy hoach dong bo bao ve moi trUdng bien, ldi dung khai thac hdp ly nguon tai nguyen bien va tang cUdng bao ve giam sat moi trudng sinh thai la cong viec Idn hien nay va day ciing la nguyen t i e chien lUdc cua nhan loai dac biet do'i vdi cac quoc gia ven bien la vUdn ra bien va chinh phuc bien can phai tuan theo va thuc hien cd hieu qua cua cac cam k i t quic te.
Tien hanh trUde khoa hoe ky thuat khai thac bien, trong do can chii trong den ky thuat du trii chii yeu la thong qua k i hoach ky thuat cong ngh§ cao. Trong bdi canh hien nay, van di dat ra la doi hoi cac Bo, ban, nganh va chinh quyen dia phUdng cac tinh, thanh pho ven bien can
Nguyen Thanh Minh Nguyen tac ca ban cua chien luac hien. 13 chu trong d i u tU xay dUng cac ke hoach
ky thuat cong nghe cao de phuc vu cho cong tac nghien cilu, khai thac sh dung tai nguyen bien, cac ke hoach nay phai dUde dau tu ca v i chat xam va nguon kinh phi de thUc hien.
Ky thuat then chot, chu yeu thong qua ke hoach khoa hoc ky thuSt miii nhon cua ky thuat then chot trong cac linh vUc khai thac nguon tai nguyen d i u khi tren bien, giam sat va dU bao bien v i an ninh, dong dit, song than tii bien. Day la ITnh vUc quan trong trong kinh te bien doi hoi can thUe hien theo Ig trinh va cd tam nhin dai ban. Trien khai ky thuat thUe dung tien tien. Chu yeu thong qua ke hoach dUa khoa hoc ky thuat vao chan hUng bien.
Boi dudng nhan tai nghien cilu v i bien, trong bdi canh hien nay cac bo, ban nganh can dUa ke hoach giao due tuyen truyin moi ngUdi dan Viet Nam y thiic v i tam quan trong cua bien. Trong thdi gian qua Dang va Nha nUde ciing da chii trong den sU phat t r i i n nhip nhang. Chi cd phat trien nhip nhang de x^ ly cac quan he giiia cac nganh nghi, quan he giiia cac khu vUc va quan he giiia cac nganh nghi CO hieu qua. Phat trien nhip nhang giiia cac nganh nhU dau md, giao thong van tai bien, thuy san, du lich bien va nghi mudi.
Hoat dong tren dat liin va khai thac bien phai nhip nhang va chii y giii moi trUdng sinh thai bien. Tich cUe tham gia hdp tac quo'e te va khu vUc trong linh vUc bao ve vk gin giii moi trudng bien.
2. Cac n g u y e n t a c ctf b a n c u a Chien li^oTc bien Viet N a m
2.1. Nguyen tdc cua chien lugcphdt trien chinh tri bien
Chinh tri bien la tdng hoa tat ca cac boat dong chinh tri lien quan den quyin ldi bien gifla cac quoc gia cd chu quyin ma cd dau tranh mau t h u i n va hdp tac nhip nhang. Chinh tri bien la bo phan hdp thanh quan trong trong quan he quo'e teva chinh tri quo'e te. Trong bdi canh hoi nhap quo'e te va khu vUc hien nay cang dUde d i cao va xem xet thiic hien dUdi nhiiu gdc do, nham dam bao ldi ich cua cac quoc gia va phii hdp vdi luat phap quoc te.
Ket hdp giiia bao ve quyin ldi bien vdi trien khai quyin ldi bien, trong nhiing nhflng nam gan day, dia vi chien lUdc bien trong an ninh quo'e gia khong ngflng tang len, trong tUdng lai tat ca chinh sach da dUa ra de giai quyet tranh chap bien cua Viet Nam vdi cac nUdc xung quanh diu phai lay viSc bao ve quyin ldi bien cua Viet Nam va viec trien khai quyen ldi bien lam nguyen t i c cd ban. Tuyet doi khong the dUa ra nhiing hanh vi lam tdn hai den quyin ldi bien cua Viet Nam, dUa tren cac nguyen t i c cd ban ciia luat phap quoc gia va quo'e te, dac biet la Cong Udc cua Lien hdp quo'e v i luat bien nam 1982.
Ket hdp tinh nguyen t i c vdi tinh linh boat, hidn nay Bien Dong dang la ndi tdn tai nhflng mau t h u i n kinh te, chinh tri cua the gidi - mot trong cac "diem ndng*' cua the gidi va khu vUc, ndi tap trung nhflng mat doi lap, thuan ldi va kho khan, hdp tac va dau tranh, hoa binh va nguy cd mat dn dinh, de gay ra xung dot vu trang.
Mot trong nhflng van de do la tdn tai
14 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 7/2011 tranh chap bien, dao gifla cac nUde va
viing lanh thd xung quanh Bien Dong. Do van d i lich sxt de lai da tao nen t r a n h chap da phUdng va song phUdng, chfla dUng cac mau t h u i n ca v i quoc phong l i n kinh te va do'i ngoai. Cd liic cac t r a n h chap nay trd nen quyit liet, day la mot trong nhflng yeu to'gay bat dn dinh khd ludng. Gifla cac quo'e gia hflu quan, dang tim each md rong pham vi anh hudng cua minh d khu vUc Bien Dong, ngoai ra mot so' quo'e gia khac cung mong muo'n cd ldi ich cua minh d khu viic nay, dac biet la cac cudng quo'e v i hang hai tren the gidi, nen Bien Dong trong do cd vung bien cua Viet Nam v i n tiim an nhiiu nguy cd bat dn.
Trong bdi canh hiSn nay, Viet Nam khong nhflng tang cUdng xay diing lUc lUdng quan sU tren bien, ma con phai tien hanh chi dao chi§'n lUdc phat trien chinh tri bien trong xil ly t r a n h chap, bao ve quyen ldi bien va chien lUdc phat trien kinh td bien toan dien ddi vdi hoat dong chinh tri bien va hoat dong khai thac nguon tai nguyen bien, dao cua Td quoc.
2.2. Nguyen tdc cua chien litdcphdt trien kinh tebien
Nguyen t i c day manh phat trien kinh te bien gan vdi vdi xay dUng quoc phong, an ninh, bao ve toan ven chu quyin lanh thd quoc gia ve bien dao. Day la nguyen t i c cd ban trong qua trinh Viet Nam thiic hien chien lUdc phat trien kinh ti' biln.
Nguyen t i c lay con ngUdi lam gdc va ket hdp gifla dat liin vdi bien. Hi§n nay, Viet Nam dang thiic hien chu trUdng di dan ra cac dao ngoai khdi sinh song, lam an lau
dai vdi muc tieu nham xay dUng chien lUdc dan sU hoa mot so' dao. Nguy§n t i c diiu chinh nhip nhang xa hoi, diiu chinh nhip nhang kinh te va diiu chinh nhip nhang gifla cac khu vUc.
Nguyen t i c chi dao cua Chinh phu va phUdng hudng cua thi trUdng, nguySn t i c song h a n h gifla khai thac tai nguyen, phat trien kinh te bien va bao ve moi trudng bien. Nguyen t i c dUa khoa hoc ky t h u a t vao chan hUng kinh te bien. NguySn t i c kien tri dot pha va day manh trong diem phat trien mot sd^ khu vUc ven bien, dao trong diem. Nguyen t i c quan ly bien theo luat phap va quan ly bien mot each khoa hoc. Nguyen t i c lay ben cang lam giau t h a n h pho^ va diia vao bien lam giau khu VTlc. Nguyen t i c ket hdp gifla khai thac phat trien bien va mci ctta giao luu hdp tac qudc te v i bien. Day la nhflng nguyen t i c cd ban gop phan phat trien kinh te bien Viet Nam, trong tUdng lai g i n dich vu logictics se dUdc ap dung n h i m phat huy ldi the cac tuyen hang hai va cac cang bien quan trong cua ViSt Nam. Mot sd^ cang bien trong diem cua Viet Nam se trd t h a n h nhflng trung tam trung ehuyen hang hoa cd uy tin cua khu vUc va the gidi.
2.3. Nguyen tdc cua chien litdc phdt trien quan sU tren bien
Nguyen t i c phong ve khu vUc bien gan va tttng bude vUdn ra khu vUc biln xa.
Viet Nam da d i ra muc tieu phan dS'u di'n nam 2020, Vi6t Nam cd ban trcl thanh qudc gia manh ve biln, lam giau tfl biln, bao dam vflng chic chii quyen, quyin chii
Nguyin Thanh Minh Nguyen tdc cahdn cua chien luac bien... 15 quyin va quyin tai phan qudc gia tr§n cac
viing bien, dao cua Td qudc gop p h i n quan trong trong sU nghiep cong nghi§p hoa, hien dai hoa, lam cho dat nUdc trd nen nen giau manh. D l thiic hien dUde muc tieu do cua Chien lUdc bien Viet Nam thi nguyen t i c cd ban cua chien lUdc phat trien quan sU tren bien can thiic hien mot so' noi dung sau:
Phong ngU lau dai la he thdiig phong ve biln gan, la chien lUdc phat t r i i n quan sii tren biln Viet Nam can phai kien tri lau dai. Do do Viet Nam can tap trung dau tu kinh phi cho vi§c xay diing cac liic lUdng Hai quan, Canh sat biln, Khong quan, Bien phong du silc d§ phuc vu cho cong tac phong ve bien gan.
Phong ngii tich cUc, day dUdc coi la mot nguyen tie cd ban cua chien lUdc phat triin quan sii tren biln. Viec tang cUdng phong ngU la muc ti§u chu yeu cua Viet Nam xay dUng cac lUc lUdng Hai quan, Canh sat biln, Khong quan, Bien phong.
Chiin lUde phat t r i i n quan sU tren biln cua Viet Nam da dUdc tidn hanh diiu chinh, tfl phong ngU biln ven bd chuyin sang phong ngU viing biln gan de bao ve quyin ldi biln cua quo'e gia. Tang cudng luc lUdng tren biln die flng pho vdi chien tranh cue bo va chien t r a n h xam lUdc chu quyin til ben ngoai.
To^n c i u hoa da tao dieu kien cho kinh te Vigt Nam khong ngiing tang len ve mfle do diia vao moi trUdng ben ngoai va cung lam cho ldi ich ngoai biln, ldi ich bien CUdng cua Viet Nam ngay cang dUde md rong. Do vay, Vi?t Nam cang can phai
thich flng vdi dac dilm mdi trong dau tranh ldi ich chu quyen bien quo'e te va coi chiin lUdc phat trien quan sU tren biln cua Viet Nam tUdng flng vdi viec md rong ra ngoai bien va di ra vien dUdng theo xu hudng phat triin chung cua kinh te biln quo'e te.
Phong ngU khu vUc, the ky XXI dUde cac hoc gia trong va ngoai nUdc goi la the ky bien va dai dUdng va dong thdi la thdi ky hoang kim de cac quoc gia ven bien ndi chung va cac qudc gia d khu vUc Chau a- Thai Binh DUdng ndi rieng cd the cat canh.
Do vay, chien lUdc phat triin quan sU biln cua Viet Nam phai dan dan tflng bude vUdn ra viin dUdng n h i m bao ve ldi ich hdp phap. Can phai di ra vien dUdng, xay dung liic lUdng quan sU tren bien manh va tang cUdng hdp tac quan sU quo'e te va khu vUc la diiu t i t yeu.
Phong ngU chiiu sau, viec md rong pham vi boat dong cua Quan chung Hai quan, LUc lUdng Canh sat biln Viet Nam la n h i m tang cUdng phong ngU theo chiiu sau d l bao ve an ninh trong nUdc, thiic thi phap luat qudc td va quo'e gia tren cac vung biln, dao cua Td quoc.
Biln la la c h i n bao ve lanh thd dat lien cua Viet Nam, ddi vdi khu vUc duyen hai cua Vi§t Nam, day la khu vUc cd mflc phat triin cao trong nhflng nSm gan day, cac trung tam khoa hoc ky thuat, van hoa, kinh te, chinh tri quan trong cua Vi§t Nam dai da so' tap trung d khu viic nay.
Dam bao an ninh va sii dn dinh khu viic nay c6 y nghia quan trong ddi vdi sU phat triin va sinh tdn ciia Viet Nam. Do vky,
16 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 7/2011 phong ngU chien lUdc cua lUc lUdng Hai
quan, Canh sat b i l n Viet Nam ket hdp vdi Khong quan, Bien phong phai tien hanh d chien trUdng b i l n gan, coi day la bo phan hdp thanh quan trong trong phong ngU chien lUdc cua ca nUdc. Ndi each khac, bo' cue khach quan trong xay dUng kinh te qudc gia va nhu cau chien lUdc an ninh qudc gia da quyit dinh mflc do chiiu sau cua cac liic lUdng Hai quan, Canh sat bien, Khong quan, Bien phong Viet Nam can phai day manh chien lUdc phong ngU.
Nguyen t i c xay dUng trong diem va phat triin can b i n g trong the ky XXI, trong bdi canh hien nay, khong chi Viet Nam ma doi vdi cac quoc gia ven bien tren the gidi va trong khu vUc dang coi trong phat trien lUc lUdng quan sU tren bien va chii trong mcl rong tam khdhg che quan sU ddi vdi viing bien thuoc chu quyin quyin chii quyin qudc gia. Ldi dung cac Uu diem cua he thdng luat biln qudc te hien dai dac bi6t la Cong udc cua Lien hdp qudc v i luat biln nam 1982 d l mh rong, thiic day va tham nhap sang bien sau dai dUdng. Cac qudc gia va viing lanh thd xung quanh Viet Nam nhU: Trung Quo'e, Philippin, Malaixia, Indonexia, Thai Lan, Campuchia, Dai Loan, Nhat Ban, khong ngflng tang cudng xay dUng lUc lUdng quan sU tren biln, mot so' qudc gia c6 lien quan den tranh chap chu quyen tren biln vdi Viet Nam trong thdi gian gan day da tang cudng biSn phap quan sU tren biln.
Day CO t h i la mdi quan ngai ddi vdi an ninh cua cac qudc gia hflu quan trong khu vUc cung nhu do'i vdi Viet Nam. Xua't phat tfl nhu cau bao v§ chu quyin toan ven lanh
thd, dam bao qudc phong, an ninh qudc gia, Viet Nam da tvtng budc day manh xay dung lUc lUdng Hai quan, LUc lUdng Canh sat biln, Khong quan, Bien phong cho phu hdp trong tinh hinh mdi.
ThUc hien da'u t r a n h chinh tri, ngoai giao va phat t r i i n liic lUdng quan sU tren biln d l t r a n h dUde mo'i uy hiep tfl ben ngoai ddi vdi ldi ich b i l n cua Viet Nam.
Nhiem vu cu the cua lUc lUdng quan sU tren biln la bao ve an ninh lanh thd, dai bd biln va lanh hai, bao ve toan ven chu quyen lanh thd, loai bd cac uy hiep quan sU cua nude Idn tao ra cho Vi$t Nam va bao ve tuydn dudng van chuyin hang hoa tren bien cua Vi$t Nam, bao ve ngU dan lam an tren cac vung b i l n thuoc chu quyin va quyin chii quyin quo'e gia.
Vi§t Nam xay dUng lUc lUdng quan sii tren bi§n xua't phat tfl tinh trong nUdc va dac diem chien lUdc xung quanh de phat t r i i n trong dilm. Day la mot chidn lUdc h§
thdng va lau dai. Thong qua xay diing trong dilm trong thdi binh d l d i n tflng budc thuc hien phat t r i i n can bing, cudi ciing la thiic hien muc tieu xay dUng phat trien toan di$n, bao dam duy tri lUc lUdng Hai quan, lUc lUdng Canh sat bien phat t r i i n can b i n g , mdi c6 t h i tao ra td hdp chiih da'u tot nha't Ae bao v§ chu quyin biln, dao cua To qudc.
Nguyen t i c tang cudng hdp tac quan sil qudc t§', the ky XXI da troi qua hdn m6t thap nien, biln, dac bi§t la ldi ich viin dUdng, da trci thanh tuydn sinh m$nh cua cac qudc gia ven bien va cac cudng qudc hang hai tren the gidi. Doi vdi Viet Nam
Nguyin Thanh Minh Nguyen tdc ca ban cua chien luac hien... 17 va cac nude dang phat t r i i n ven biln tren
the gidi, van tai b i n g dudng biln la mot trong nhflng tuyen giao thong quan trong gop phan lUu thong hang hoa, thiic diy sU phat triin kinh te va van ehuyen re tiin hdn so vdi van ehuyen b i n g dudng khong va dudng bo, tiet kiem mot khoan tiin Idn chi phi cho van tai hang hoa.
NhUng mot so' nude Idn cd canh tranh quan sii va cac toi pham quo'e te nhU chu nghia khung bd^, hai tac quoc td, nhan to' an ninh phi truyin thdiig tao ra moi uy hiep nghiem trong ddi vdi an ninh biln qudc te. Xua't phat tfl nhflng va'n d i nay Viet Nam da tich cUe tham gia hdp tac vdi cac quoc gia trong khu viic Biln Dong nhu phoi hdp tuan tra chung gifla Viet Nam va Trung Qudc, Vi§t Nam va Thai Lan, Campuchia va gan day la hdp tac hau can va eflu ho tren biln vdi My. Ngoai ra, Viet Nam dau tU phat trien lUe lUdng tren bien nhim thiic hien chien lUde vUdn ra bien dl lam giau tfl biln. D l giai quyet van ie an ninh biln tiim tang xung quanh Viet Nam, Viet Nam can phai tang eudng giao lUu, tang cUdng hilu biet, tim ra dUde bien phap hoa binh de giai quyet tdt cong viec lien quan ddn bien.
2.4. Nguyen tdc cua chien litdcphdt trien hdp tdc quoc te've bien
Muc tieu va nhiem vu cd ban, lau dai, xuyen suot cua cong tac do'i ngoai v i vung biln la xac lap chu quyin day du, quan ly va bao ve vflng chic chu quyin, quyin chu quyin, quyin tai phan cua Viet Nam tren cac vung biln va t h i m luc dia, cac quan dao Hoang Sa va TrUdng Sa va cac hai dao
khac thuoc chu quyen ciia Viet Nam.
Trude m i t phai quan ly, bao ve toan ven chu quyin va ldi ich quoc gia tren cac vung bien dao, duy tri hoa binh, dn dinh va hdp tac phat triin. Tiep tuc dam phan vdi cac nude eo tranh chap tren bien vdi Viet Nam tren ca diin dan song phUdng va da phUdng, xay diing vung bien hoa binh, dn dinh va hdp tac ciing phat trien.
Nguyen t i c xil ly ngoai giao vdi cac quo'e gia hflu quan trong khu viic Bien Dong va kien tri giao luu hdp tac cung c6 ldi dam bao nguyen t i c cong bing.
Xfl ly ngoai giao xung quanh, ton trong nguyen t i c binh dang diia tren cac nguyen tie cd ban ciia luat phap quo'e te.
Trong ngoai giao chien lUdc phat trien bien, ngoai giao xung quanh bao gom 2 bo phan la ngoai giao xung quanh tren dat liin va ngoai giao tren bien.
Ngoai giao xung quanh tren dat liin la ngoai giao tren dat lien trong chien lUdc phat triin biln chii yeu d i cap de^n xfl ly chinh xac tranh chap bien gidi tren dat liin, tao ra moi trUdng dn dinh tren dat liin cho chien lUdc phat trien bien cua quo'e gia. D l giai quyet thanh cong van d i bien gidi tren da't liin, Chinh phu Viet Nam da xem xet den khia canh ldi ich lau dai, tdng t h i cua qudc gia, da cd thai do thuc sU cau thi giai quyet mot each hoa binh bien gidi tren dat liin vdi cac quoc gia hflu quan.
Sau Chien tranh Lanh, moi trUdng qudc te tUdng ddi dn dinh, cung nhU cac qudc gia khac Viet Nam da n i m cd hoi cd ldi nay d l tflng budc giai quyet tranh chap
18 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 7/2011 bien gidi tren dat liin thong qua hiep
thUdng hoa binh. Viet Nam da ky hiep dinh bien gidi tren dat liin vdi cac quoc gia hflu quan nhU Trung Qudc, Lao va Campuchia.
Ngoai giao xung quanh tren bien, Viet Nam tiep giap tren bien vdi 7 quo'e gia va vung lanh thd nhU Trung Quo'e, Dai Loan, Philippin, Malaixia, Indonexia, Thai Lan va Campuchia. Mot so'qudc gia hien eon cd tranh chap v i bien vdi Viet Nam. Giai quyet cac tranh chap chu quyin bien vdi cac nUdc xung quanh d Bien Dong la van d i quan trong dflng trUdc ngoai giao bien ciia Viet Nam trong boi canh hien nay, van d i do doi hoi no lUc ciia cac quoc gia hflu quan trong khu vUc Bien Dong can ton trong cac nguyen t i e cd ban cua luat phap qudc te va Cong Udc cua Lien hdp quo'e ve luat bien nam 1982 va tuyen bo each flng xtt cua cac ben v i Bien (DOC) de tim ra bien phap hoa binh, dn dinh lau dai, cac ben cung cd ldi de tien tdi xay diing Bo quy tie flng xil d Biln Dong (COC).
Nguyen t i c ngoai giao vdi khu vUe tai nguyen chien lUdc, ap dung nguyen t i c hdp tac tich ciic, xay diing ldi ich chung.
D I dam bao an ninh nang lUdng, Viet Nam da tang cUdng ngoai giao vdi khu viic nang lUdng chien lUdc nhU Trung Dong, Trung A, My La tinh, Nga va chau Phi.
Diiu nay eo ldi cho Viet Nam bao dam da dang cac kenh nhap khau san pham dau md va da dang hoa cac san pham dau md.
Viet Nam cd the tang cUdng hdp tac vdi cac nude do thong qua viec xay diing ldi ich chung nhU hdp tac tham do khai thac.
t i i n von. Ddng thdi, tang eUdng ngoai giao vdi cac nUdc tieu thu va cac nUdc xua't khau dau, dac biet la tang cUdng tien hanh hdp tac nang lUdng vdi cac nUdc Trung Quo'e, Nga, Han Qudc, Nhat Ban.
Can tien hanh xay diing dudng diig d i n dau cua Viet Nam n h i m thuc day da dang hoa tuyen dudng van ehuyen nang lUdng d i u khi cua quo'e gia t r a n h dUde sU diia vao sU van chuyin bang phUdng tien tau thuyin. Trong khu vUe bien tdn tai tranh cha'p chii quyin bien vdi cac quoc gia xung quanh, Viet Nam da va dang tim kiem con dudng hdp tac, tang cudng giao luu hdp tac quo'e te tren cd sd cac ben ciing c6 ldi, thong qua thUdng lUdng hoa binh, diia tren cac nguyen t i e cd ban cua luat phap qudc te, cac nguyen t i c phan dinh bien cua Cong Udc luat bien nam 1982, dan d i n dUa ra nhflng bien phap cd ban trong giai quyet van d i t r a n h cha'p chu quyen b Bien Dong.
2.5. Nguyen tac cua chien lUdc khoa hoc ky thuat bien
Dia vi chien lUde khoa hoe ky thuat trong chien lUdc biln, ky t h u a t cong nghe cao cua chien lUdc b i l n la vu khi cd sfle manh nhat chiem Uu the trong canh tranh biln ciia cac nUdc tren the gidi trong the ky XXI. Hien nay, nghien eflu ky thuat cong nghe cao cua chien lUdc b i l n dUde nhiiu qudc gia dac biet coi trong, phat t r i i n ky t h u a t cao trong chiin lUdc bien da trd t h a n h noi dung quan trgng ciia each mang khoa hgc ky thuat cong nghe the gidi.
Viet Nam da dUa ra chien lUdc phat
Nguyen Thanh Minh Nguyen tdc cahdn cua chien luac hien... 19 triin khoa hgc ky thuat bien the ky XXI la
CO sU xem x6t den bd'i canh trong nUdc va qudc te. Viet Nam da dUa ra yeu cau cao hdn trong phat t r i i n kinh te xa hoi do'i vdi khoa hgc ky thuat biln. Chi cd ky thuat phat trien bao ve quyin ldi biln, ky thuat khai thac tai nguyen biln, ky thuat bao ve cac moi trudng sinh tdn cua bien mdi dap flng dUde yeu cau phat trien chan hUng Viet Nam. Tren thUe te, trong hdn 20 nam cai each md efla, sii tien bg cua khoa hgc ky thuat da thuc day manh me phat trien sU nghiep bien ciia Viet Nam, dac biet thiic hien Nghi quyet Trung Udng IV khoa X v i xay dung Chien lUdc biln Viet Nam den nam 2020. Day la cd sd quan trgng thuc diy phat t r i i n khoa hgc ky thuat bien ciia Vi6t Nam, mdt so' linh vUc cong nghe cao then chot v i biln, nhu linh vUc sinh vat biln, giam sat bien va tham do khai thac tai nguyen biln.
Cung vdi thUc lUc tdng hdp cua Viet Nam khong ngflng tang cUdng, hoan toan cd t h i thUc hien xay diing muc tieu quo'e gia giau manh tfl biln gifla the ky XXI.
Trong tUdng lai, trong cac sU vu biln trong khu VUc va the gidi, can phai cd sfle canh tranh manh hdn. Coi vi§e giai quyet va'n d i khoa hgc ky thuat ciia cong tac quan ly, ldi dung khai thac biln va nhu cau tien hanh nghien eflu khoa hgc dai dUdng va khu VUc day biln quo'e te, phat triin ky thuat cao v i biln, flng dung ky thuat tien tidn, bao ve khai thac biln phuc vu ldi ich cho viec xay dung kinh te qudc dan, xay dflng qudc phong va bao ve quyin ldi ciia Viet Nam trong cac sii vu biln khu vUe va the gidi lam nhiem vu chii yeu.
Nguyen tie cd ban cua chien lUdc khoa hgc ky thuat biln eua Viet Nam, xay diing bien va dich vu bien cd nghia la xung quanh chien lUdc tdng the phat trien bien va muc tieu tdng t h i phat trien kinh te bien va diiu chinh k i t cau kinh te biln cua Viet Nam, can k i t hdp chat che cac nhan to' tdng hdp trong tinh hinh thiic te cua Ifle lUdng khoa hgc ky thuat bien Viet Nam nhu k i t cau nhan tai, ehuyen mon ky thuat va phUdng hudng phat trien.
Nam chae khoa hgc ky thuat bien, cai tao nang cap nganh nghi truyin tho'ng ky thuat cao, n h i m thiic hien kinh te phat trien nhanh va tien bg xa hoi.
Xfl ly hai boa cac quan he quoc te va khu vUe, Viet Nam da xac dinh chien lUde phat triin khoa hgc ky thuat biln Viet Nam the ky XXI la can phai kien tri bing thai do khoa hgc de xfl ly tot cac quan he cd ban sau: Viet Nam phai giai quyet tot quan he gifla muc tieu va hien thiic tren con dudng phat triin khoa hgc ky thuat biln. Phai xfl ly tot quan he gifla khoa hgc ky thuat vdi kinh te, gifla phat trien khoa hgc ky thuat vdi phat trien cac nganh nghi trong mo hinh phat trien khoa hgc ky thuat biln. Phai xil 1^ tdt quan he gifla khoa hgc ky thuat dung cho viec khai thac phat triin nguon tai nguyen bien vdi khoa hgc ky thuat dung cho bao ve nguon tai nguyen biln va phai xfl ly tot khoa hgc ky thuat dung cho xay diing Qudc phong biln trong linh vUc phat triin khoa hgc ky thuat biln. Phai xil ly tdt quan he phat triin khoa hgc cd sd biln, flng dung khoa hgc ky thuat va ky thuat cong trinh trong cac khau, cac bg phan ben trong khoa hgc
20 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 7/2011 ky thuat bien va phai xfl ly tot quan h§
khoa hgc ky thuat t r u y i n tho'ng biln vdi khoa hgc ky thuat cao mdi ve biln.
Di sau cong tac cd sd, xay diing va thiic hien chien lUde phat trien khoa hgc ky thuat bien cua Viet Nam, can phai day manh cong tac nghien eflu khoa hgc ky thuat bien tren cd sd, t r a n h thu tiep thu nhflng thanh qua nghien eflu tien tien cua the gidi, tang cUdng phoi hdp nghien eflu bien vdi an ninh quo'e phong, cung cap tin tfle bien cho an ninh quo'e phong.
2.6. Nguyen tdc cua chien lUdc phdt trien van hod bien
Viet Nam pha'n da'u trd thanh quo'e gia manh v i bien, lam giau tfl bien trong the ky XXI, day khong chi la cong viec cua cac Bg, ban nganh trong Chinh phu, ciia gidi kinh te va cac nha hai dUdng hoc ma con la viec Idn cua toan dan toe, bdi vay ddi hoi toan the quan chung nhan dan, cac giai t i n g trong xa hoi Viet Nam tich eUc phoi hdp tham gia.
Md rong tam nhin va vUdn ra bien toan cau, trong the ky bien, dan toe Viet Nam can phai xay diing y thflc b i l n mdi, day la nhu cau bfle thiet de Viet Nam xay dflng va thflc hien chien lUdc phat t r i i n van hoa bien cua Viet Nam. Day manh cong tac tuyen truyin keu ggi quan chung nhan dan Viet Nam nang cao va md rong tam nhin nhiiu hdn v i gia tri ciia bien trong sil nghigp xay dflng va bao ve Td quo'e, nhan thflc cho dUde gia tri cua cac linh viic kinh te, chinh tri, van hoa, quan sU va khoa hgc ky thuat bien.
Bdi dudng y thflc bien n h i m thich flng
vdi chien lUde qudc gia giau, manh tfl biln. Xay diing va thUe hien chien lUdc biln Viet Nam chinh la lam cho y thflc biln ciia Viet Nam thich flng vdi viec bdi dfldng, xay dflng va tang eUdng tU tudng quan trgng ciia xay dUng qudc gia bien, lam cho kien thflc bien cua Viet Nam trong cac linh viic dii sfle canh tranh, chu yeu dat dUde va vUdt qua trinh do tien tien cua khu vUc va the gidi.
Nang cao y thflc bien cua toan dan toe, Viet Nam can phai thflc hien mot loat cong trinh phat trien van hoa bien, ma nhiem vu chii yeu cua nd la khai thac van boa bien Viet Nam da b i t nguon tfl xa xfla. Xay dflng he tho'ng van hoa bien hien dai khoa hgc va he tho'ng phd cap y thflc bien, nang cao y thflc b i l n ciia toan dan toe. Ngoai ra eon phai tich ciic xay dflng trung tam nghien eflu van hoa biln Viet Nam, bdi dudng gay diing nhan tai van hoa biln cua the ky mdi, n h i m gop phan edhg hien tich cUc cho sU nghiep phat triin biln cua Viet Nam va van hoa biln, bao ve quyin ldi b i l n va an ninh , qudc phong bien.
2.7. Nguyen tdc cua chien lUdcphdt trien quan ly bien
Bao ve quyin ldi biln quo'e gia xung quanh muc tieu tdng the cua Viet Nam la xay dung qudc gia giau, manh tfl biln.
Viet Nam c i n phai coi viec bao ve ldi ich an ninh qudc gia va ldi ich biln quo'e gia lam nguyen t i e quan trgng hang dau cua chien lUdc quan ly tdng hdp biln Viet Nam. Bao ve an ninh qudc gia va bao ve ldi ich biln quo'e gia la trach nhi§m thieng
Nguyin Thanh Minh Nguyen tdc ca hdn cua chien luac hien... 21 lieng cua moi ngUdi lam cong tac lien
quan den bien, dao cua moi nganh nghi va cua cac bg nganh trong phat trien va khai thac tiim nang biln.
Thong qua hdp tac, khai thac biln Viet Nam hoa binh g i n vdi muc tieu tho'ng nhat, diiu boa ldi ich. Biln la linh vUc boat dong ciia nhiiu Bg nganh va nhieu nganh nghi, bien lien quan d i n nhiiu boat dong nhU quan sii bien, kinh te biln, quan ly bien, nghien eflu khoa hgc biln, van boa bien. Do do, Viet Nam can phai eo' ging lam cho phUdng hudng phat trien quan ly biln d i n dan hudng sang quan ly tdng hdp, tang eudng diiu hoa cac boat dong von cd cua cac bg nganh lien quan den biln trong sii nghiep biln, lam cho cac bg, nganh, n g h i diu nhan thflc dUdc day du cac hanh dong cua bg nganh minh.
Can phai coi cong viec bao ve ldi ich trUde m i t va ldi ich lau dai, k i t hdp ldi ich cue bg vdi ldi ich toan cue cua qudc gia, n h i m tranh gay ra nhflng tdn hai cho ldi ich tdng t h i cua chien lUdc biln Viet Nam.
Nhu vay tho'ng nha't hieu qua ldi ich, k i t hdp gifla khai thac phat trien kinh te biln vdi viec bao ve chu quyin va quyin chu quyin quoc gia tren bien, bao ve moi trfldng biln. Day la nguyen t i c cd ban can phai chii y trong boat dong kinh te bien va cung la nguyen t i c trgng dilm trong quan ly tdng hdp biln. Chien lUdc phat triin biln cua Vigt Nam trong the ky XXI la lay phat triin kinh te biln lam trung tam, muc dich la khong ngiing nang cao mflc sdhg cua ngUdi dan cua ca nUde dac biet la cu dan ven biln, dao. Muo'n khai thac hdp ly va phat triin khoa hgc, lam cho ldi ich
xa hoi, ldi ich kinh te va ldi ich moi trUdng tho'ng nha't vdi nhau thi can phai kien tri nguyen t i e ket hdp gifla khai thac tai nguyen bien vdi viec bao ve moi trUdng bien, de bao dam cho phat trien b i n vflng bien. Khong chi do'i vdi Viet Nam, cac qudc gia ven bien trong khu vUc va tren the gidi dang no lUc da'u tranh phong chong 6 nhiim moi trUdng bien, phat trien kinh te bien phai g i n vdi bao ve moi trudng bien. Day cung la nguyen t i c cong tac quan ly bien cua Viet Nam cin phai dac biet coi trgng.
3. Ket l u a n
Trong bdi canh the gidi va khu viic cd nhiiu dien bien phfle tap, hdn bao gid h i t de thflc hien tot chien lUdc bien, Viet Nam phai khang dinh manh me va the hien y chi quyet tam cao nha't cua toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan trong viec bao v6 chu quyin, quyin chu quyin va quyin tai phan cua Viet Nam tren cac vung bien va hai dao cua Td quoc.
Day manh va tiep tuc hoan thi§n cd che chinh sach va luat phap v i linh viic bien, dao, quan ly tai nguyen va moi trUdng biln, hinh thanh cd sd phap ly ddng bg va td chfle thflc hien cd hieu qua de quan ly chat che, gifl gin va khai thac cd hieu qua cac nguon ldi tfl biln dao cho sii nghiep Ijhat triin cua dat nUde, vi ldi ich cua dan toe Viet Nam.
Viet Nam can chu trgng den cong tac ket hdp chat che gifla phat triin kinh te - xa hoi vdi bao dam quo'e phong - an ninh, hdp tac qudc te va bao ve moi trUdng bien, k i t hdp phat triin cac vung biln, ven biln
22 Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A 7/2011
va hai dao vdi phat trien cac vung ddng bing va do thi theo dinh hudng day manh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa da't nUdc. Cd chinh sach thich hdp de hinh thanh cac doanh nghi§p manh ddng thdi huy dong cac thanh p h i n kinh te trong nUdc va nguon lUc quo'e te d l khai thac hieu qua cac tiim nang cua kinh te bien va hai dao.
Tang cUdng va thUc thi cd hieu qua cac bien phap ddng bg de bao ve ngU dan, cac lUc lUdng lam kinh te va cac hoat dong hdp phap tren cac vung biln dio cua To quo'e.
Trong phat trien kinh te noi chung va phat trien kinh te bien ndi rieng phai g i n vdi bao ve moi trUdng, phai lay phong ngfla 6 nhiem lam phUdng cham hanh dong, khie phuc va loai bd tU tudng chay theo ldi ich trUde m i t ma coi nhe viec duy tri, bao ve va tai tao moi trUdng. Viet Nam can phai huy dong toi da va da dang hoa cac nguon lUe dau tU cho bao ve mdi trUdng, day manh xa hoi hoa cong tac^ bao ve moi trUdng, bao ve tai nguyen bien va hai dao.
Thiic hien mot each ddng bg va manh me cong tac nghien eflu khoa hgc va cong nghe v i quan ly va phat t r i i n kinh te biln n h i m khai thac, stt dung ben vflng cac nguon tai nguyen va bao ve moi trudng bien, flng phd cd hieu qua vdi bidn ddi khi hau, nUdc b i l n dang, giam t h i l u to'i da sU suy thoai tai nguyen b i l n va hai dao, da dang sinh hgc b i l n va cac h§ sinh thai biln.
Tiep tuc md rong va tang cUdng hdp tac hflu nghi vdi cac qudc gia trong khu vUe va tren t h i gidi cung nhu vdi cac td chfle qudc te trong cac va'n de c6 lien quan den
biln, dao tren cd sd ton trgng chu quyin, ldi ich quoc gia va phap luat qudc te, bao dam an ninh va an toan hang hai qudc te, Viet Nam cung vdi cac nUde trong khu viic va tren the gidi xay dUng cac cd che hdp tac mdi, phu hdp n h i m duy tri hoa binh, dn dinh, hdp tac va cung phat trien.
Cac Bg, nganh, cac td chfle chinh tri - xa hoi va chinh quyin cac dia phUdng can tiep tuc thflc hien tot cong tac tuyen truyin, giao due va nang cao nhan thflc v i bien dao cua Td quo'e, v i y thflc bao ve tai nguyen va mdi trUdng bien, bien nhan thflc thanh y thflc tfl giae va hanh dong cu the, thiet thUe d mdi cap, mdi nganh, moi doanh nghiep va mdi ngUdi dan Viet Nam./.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nghi quyet Trung Udng 4 khoa X ve chiSh lUdc bien Viet Nam den nam 2020, (nam 2007).
2. Quyit dinh sd 80/2008 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu ve phe duyet de an hdp tac quoc td ve bien, (nSm 2008).
3. Nguyin Thanh Minh (2011), Tiim nang bien Viet Nam vd chinh sach hdp tdc quoc teve bien trong thap nien dau theky XXI.
Nxb Dai hgc Kinh te Quoc dan Ha Noi.
4. Nguyen Thanh Minh (2010), Chinh sach hop tdc ve bien cua Viet Nam trong thap nien dau the ky XXI. Tap chi nghien eflu Dong Nam A, sd 8 (2010).
5. Cac tham luan tai Hoi thao quoc td ve Bien Dong, do Bo Ngoai giao Viet Nam va Hoi Luat gia Viet Nam td chfle tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh thang 11 nSm 2011.
