• N O N G T H O N , N O N G N G H I E P VIET NAM - K t T QUA TtT T 6 N G B I E U TRA
Kinh thtrang trai la hinh thCtc tS chOc iin xuit
hing hoi trong ndng nghiep, ndng thon, chu yeu
dua vdo hi gia dinh, nhim mi ring quy mova nang cao hieu qui sin xuat trong linh vi/c tring trot, chin nuoi, nuoi trong thuf sin, trong rifng, gin sin xuit vii chi bien vi tieu t/iu ning, lim, thuf sin.
Phit triin kind te trang trgi nhim lihai thic, sa dung CO hiiu qui dit dai, von, liy thuit, kinh nghiim quin If gip phin phit trien nong nghiip ben viing; ci viic lim tang thu nhip, khuyen khich lim giiu di dii vii xoi dii giim ngheo; phin bd lao ding, dan a/xiy
dung nong thon mii.
»• 4 4
D
e khuyen khich p h i t trien kinh te trang trai, nhOfng nam gan day, Nha nadc ta da c6 nhieu chinh s i c h nhu: Dat dai, thue, tfn dung, lao dong, thj trudng, khoa hpc-c6ng ngh&-m6i trudng, b i o ho tai s i n da dau t u cua trang trai... Chinh vi vay, mo hinh kinh te trang trai tang nhanh ve sd luong, t h u hut nhi^u t h i n h p h i n kinh te tham gia va phong phu ve loai hinh nhu:trong trot, chan nuoi, lam nghiep, nu6i trong thuy sin... Viec phat trien kinh te trang trai da gop phan x o i ddi, g i i m ngheo, tao viec l i m , n i n g cao thu nhap cho lao dpng ndng thdn, l i noi cung CTng giong, djch vu, ky t h u i t , tieu thu sin pham cho nong dan. Ben canh dd, kinh te trang trai cung da g d p phan nang cao chat luong s i n pham nong s i n cua Viet Nam theo hudng s i n x u i t hang h o i tao nguon cung o n djnh cho c i c co sd che bien trong nudc v i phuc vu xuat khau.
Theo ket q u i di^u tra nong t h d n , ndng nghiep va thuy s i n n i m 2011, so tuong trang trai d nudc ta g i i m manh tCr 146 nghin trang trai nam 2010, xuong cdn hon 20 nghln trang trang trai v i o thdi diem Tdng dieu tra 01 /7/2011 .Tuy g i i m ve sd lupng song quy md, hinh thufc, cd sd v i t chat trang trai da dupe cung CO va hoat dpng cd hieu q u i , n g i y cang d d n g vai t r d quan trpng trong s i n xuat ndng, lam, thuji s i n (NLTS). Bi^u dd dupe the hien qua k i t q u i Tong dieu tra n h u sau;
Loql hinh sin xuit trang trai da dang di gip phan tich cUc vio qui trlnh chuyin doi codu sin xuit ning nghiep, lim nghiep vi thuf sin.
Theo k i t q u i Tong dieu tra tai t h d i diem 01/7/2011, c i nudc cd 20.028 trang trai theo tieu chi trang trai mdi. Trong d d , cao nhat l i v u n g D d n g b i n g sdng CCfu Long cd 6267 trang trai, chiem hon 3 1 % so trang trai c i nudc, chO yeu la trang trai trong lua nudc, tiep theo la viing D d n g Nam Bd (5387 trang trai) v i T i y Nguyen (2528 trang trai). Tinh chung c i 3 vCrng nay cd 14.182 trang trai, c h i i m tren 70% sd trang trai c i nudc. Day la 3 vCing cd nhieu dat dai, mat nudc thuan Ipi de m d rdng quy mo t r d n g trpt, chan nudi va nudi trong t h u j s i n . Chia theo loai hinh s i n xuat cua trang trai: Trang trai trong
N6NG TH6N, N6NG NGHIEP VIET NAM - KET QUA TCC T6NG DIEU TRA trot nhieu n h i t cd 8665 trang trai, chiem 43,3% trang trai c l nUde; trang
trai chdn nuoi cd 6348 trang trai chiem 31,7%; trang trai nuoi trdng t h u j sdn ed 4522 trang trai, chiem 22,6%...
Sd luong t r a n g t r a i n d n g , l a m n g h i e p va t h u y s i n chia t h e o loai h i n h
ckmac
Ddng bSng s6ng H6ng Trung du vi mi4n nui phia Bic Bic Thing Bo & duyen h i ! miln Trung ISy Nguyen
Ddng Nam B6 Oing bing song Cihi Long
Tong s5
20028 3511 590 1745 2528 5 387 6267
Loal hlnli trang trai Trong
trpt 8665
42 35 764 2138 3439 2247
Chan nu6i 6348 2454 514 502 367 1854 657
Lam nghiep
50 3 6 38 3
Thdy sin 4522
922 22 254 10 56 3 258
Tong harp 443 90 13 187 13 35 105 Cdc trang trgi sd dung ddt dai vdi sd luang Idn, tgo cdng dn viic Idm cho nhiiu lao ddng; tgo ra nhiiu sdn phdm vd sdn phdm hdng hod ndng, ldm,thu^sdn.
Oen thOi didm 01/7/2011, cdc trang trai dang sU dung 154,9 nghln ha dien tich d i t mat nude nuoi trdng thuy sdn, trong do co 36,6 nghln ha dat trong cdy hdng nam; 77,1 nghin ha dat trdng cdy lau nam; 8,9 nghin ha dat lam nghiep vd 32,2 nghin ha mat nude nudi trdng thu]^ sdn. Vung co nhieu dien tfch dat do trang trai sU dung Id Ddng Nam Bp vdi 60,6 nghln ha.
Cac trang trai sCt dung gan 95 nghln lao dong song so chua qua ddo tao chiem den 73,9%; ddo tao nhUng khdng cd chUng chl hpc nghe chiem 12,5%; ddo tao ed trinh dp so cap nghe chiem 7,3%; trung cap nghe, trung cap chuyen nghiep chidm 3,4%; cao d i n g nghe chiem gan 0,4%; cao dang chiem gan 0,6% vd dai hpc ehl chiem gan 2%.
Ve ket qud sdn xuat, nam 2011, eac trang trai da tao ra gan 39,1 nghin ty d6ng gid trj thu tU NLTS, chia ra:TUndng nghiep han 31,2 nghin tj" ddng, chiem g3n 80%; tiithu^ sdn g i n 7,8 nghin t^ ddng, chiem 19,9%; tU lam nghiep 125 t j ddng, chiem 0,3%. G i l tn sin p h i m vd djeh vu NLTS ban ra dat gan 38,2 nghln t^" ddng, chidm 97,6% tdng gid trj thu tU NLTS tao ra trong nam.
Quy md d i t dai, lao d6ng vd doanh t h u cua trang trai nam 2011 phu thu6e vdo loai hinh trang trai vd dieu kien eu the eua tUng vung, tUng dia phuong. Didn tfch sir dung d i t NLTS binh qudn 1 trang trai la 7,7 ha, trong do nhilu n h i t id vung BNB dat 11,2 ha; t h i p n h i t Id BBSH 3,5 ha.
Quy m6 lao dpng binh qudn 1 trang trai nong nghiep chung cd nude Id 4,8 ngudi, trong do cao nhat Id Odng Nam Bo 5,9 ngUcJi. Khi phan theo loai hmh trang trai, quy md lao'ddng cd khde nhau: Binh qudn sd lao dpng 1 trang trai trdng trpt Id 5,3 ngUdi; trang trai t h u ^ sdn Id 4,3 ngUdi; trang trai chdn nuoi la 4,2 ngUdi.
Quy md v l gid tri thu tU NLTS trong 12 thdng qua binh qudn 1 trang trai Id 1952 trieu ddng, trong 6d Odng bdng song Hdng Id 2547 trieu ddng; Trung duvd midn nui phfa Ble Id 2889 trieu ddng; Bic Trung Bo vd duyen hdi mien Trung la 1607 tridu ddng; l a y Nguyen Id 1314 trieu ddng; Bong Nam Bold 2398 trieu ddng vd Bdng b i n g song CUu Long 1499 trieu ddng.
Kinh ti trang trgi noi chung dgt hiiu qud cao han hd gia dinh.
Thu nhdp vd hiiu qud eda trang trgi. Bdi v6i trang trai trdng trpt, gia tri thu t i r d c hoat ddng NLTS binh quan 1 trang trai ndm 2010 Id 1263 trieu ddng.
Neu tfnh binh qudn tren 1 ha d i t trdng trpt, gid t n thu tU NLTS cOa trang trai trong trot ndm 2010 cd nudc Id 103,5 trieu ddng. Vung ed thu nhdp eao nhat
Id Bdng bdng sdng Hdng dat 318,5 trieu ddng; Tdy Nguyen dat 124 tridu ddng; Trung du vd mien niii phfa Ble dat 185 trieu ddng; Bdng bdng song CCfu Long dat 89,7 tri^u ddng; Bdng Nam Bd dat 102 tri&u ddng; Bic Trung Bd v l duyin h i i mien Trung 105 trieu ddng.
Neu tfnh rieng g i i trj t h u tU trdng trpt, binh q u i n 1 ha d i t trdng trpt ehung ed nude Id 100 trieu ddng. Bdng bang sdng Hdng dat 260 trieu ddng Trung du mien nui phia Bic dat 173 trieu ddng;
Tdy Nguyen dat 124 trieu ddng.
Neu so vdi hp thi hieu qud sd dung d i t trdng trpt vd nudi trdng thOy sdn eCia trang trai eao hon h I n the hien qua mUe t h u tren 1 ha.
Chung cd nUdc, so vdi hd, cdc trang trai trdng trpt cao hon den 38,5%
gid trj thu tU 1 ha d i t trdng trpt; cdc trang trai nudi trdng thCiy sdn thu cao hon 88% thu tU 1 ha nuoi trdng thiiy sdn.
Ben eanh nhUng kdt qud dat duoc, ddn nay hoat ddng trang trai nhin chung van cdn nhieu khd khdn. Ket qua dieu tra cho t h i y g i n 17% sd trang trai thieu d i t s i n xuat; hon 50% trang trai thieu kien thUc khoa hpc ky thudt; hon 60% trang trai thieu vdn, k h o i n g 30% trang trai thieu thdng tin ve thj trudng tieu thu sdn p h i m ; 15%
trang trai thieu gidng; hon 30%
trang trai thieu djch vu hd trp s i n x u i t ; hon 20% trang trai thieu lao dpng; 22,4% trang trai khd tieu thu sdn pham. Trang trai vung BBSCL hieu qud t h i p hon kinh te hd Id van de can quan tam nghien cUu vd t i m giai phdp de phdt huy loi the eua vung. Ket qud dieu tra cung eho thay nguyen vpng cua cdc trang trai Id 20% mudn duoc cap g i i y quyen sLf dung d i t ; 31,1%
mudn hd t r p djch vu gidng, cdy, con; 36,1% mudn ho trO tieu t h u sdn pham; 31,2% mudn hd trp dao tao kien thUe quan ly; 63,4% mudn
fXem tiep trang 48)
0 4 / 2 0 1 3 SU"*
l i K i t N 45 -41
• N G H I E N cCru - TRAO D 6 I qudc dan, nganh vd doanh nghiep.
Dua vdo tfnh todn vd dp dung ehl tieu gid trj tdng thdm d t i t cd cdc ngdnh de ed ed sd, sd l i f u d i u ra thdng n h i t dung dd ddnh gid kdt qud hoat ddng sdn x u i t kinh doanh eung n h u tfnh ndng s u i t lao ddng cho cdc ngdnh.
2.Tidp tue nghidn cUu Idm rd ndi hdm ehi ti&u "ndng s u i t cde nhdn t d tdng hpp"vl cd hidu dupe ndi dung vd bdn c h i t cCia ndng s u i t cdc nhdn t d tdng hpp mdi cd cdn eU dd tidp edn vd dp dung dupe mdt eleh linh hoat vd ht^u q u i chi t i i u tdc dd tdng TFP. Mdt khac c i n tidp tuc cung cd ngudn sd lieu vd phuong p h i p xU [•jf tfnh todn edc ehi tidu vdn cd djnh hodc gid tri tdi s i n cd djnh vd tdng thu nhdp cua ngudl lao ddng ddm bdo d d tin cdy e i n thidt phue vu cho viee xdc djnh ede tham sd de tfnh todn tdc d o tdng TFP vdi ket qud sd lieu tfnh ra d n djnh vd phdn dnh
thUc t d khdeh quan, dupe cdng b d trdn nidn gidm t h d n g ki cua Tdng cue Thdng k§.
3. CCing vdi vide tfnh todn edc chl tidu ndng s u i t lao ddng vd tde d d tdng TFP e i n nghidn eUu dUa vdo I p d y n g b d sung m d t sd ehi tidu t h d n g kd n i n g s u i t n h u ndng s u i t vdn ed dinh hodc ndng s u i t tdi sdn cd djnh, ndng s u i t t d n g h p p tfnh trdn mdt sd ddn vj chi phf,... dd tao thdnh mdt hd t h d n g cdc chi tidu ndng s u i t phge vy eho v l f e ddnh gid, phdn tfch ndng s u i t m d t e l e h sdu sic, todn d i i n trdn nhidu gdc dd, ddp Ung nhieu muc dfch nghidn eUu khdc nhau.
4. C i n cd su phdn cdng vd phdi hdp chdt che giUa cdc c d quan cd lien quan ddn viec nghidn eUu vd dp dung e l e ehi t i ^ u ndng s u i t , trudc hdt Id giUa Tdng cue Thdng ke vd Tdng cue Tieu chuan B o lUdng Chat lupng trong viec t/nh t o i n vd cdng
bd sd lieu t h d n g ke ve c i c chi tieu nang s u i t . Rieng Tdng cue Thdng ke c i n cd mdt d o n vj dau m d i cd chUc ndng, nhidm v u nghi&n cUu, hUdng d i n , tfnh t o i n v l edng b d sd lidu v l cdc chl tidu t h d n g k^ nang s u i t .
T i i lidu tham k h i o
;. Quydf djnh sd 43/2010-TTg ngdy 02/6/2010 cua ThCi tUdng Chfnh phd vi viic ban hdnh Hi thdng chl tiiu thdng ki qudc gia;
2. Di tdi NCKH "Nghiin cCfu tinh chl tiiu ndng sudt cde nhdn td tdng hgp d Viit Nam" ndm 2005 do PGS.TS Tdng Vdn Khiin Idm ehu nhiim.
3. Oi tdi NCKH "Nghiin e&u vd dp dung cde chi tiiu thdng ki ndng sudt"
ndm 1998 do PQS.TS Tdng Vdn Khiin idm chu nhiim.
4. Gido trinh thdng ki kinh ti do GS.TS Phan Cdng Nghia; PGS.TS Bui Dde Triiu Chu biin; NXB Dgi hge Kinh te Quae ddn HdNdi 2012.
KINH TE TRANG TRAI...
ho t r d Idi s u i t ngan hang vd 55%
can dupe hd trp khoa hoc ky thudt s i n x u i t vd so che s i n pham.
Nhu vay, trong nhiJng nam tdi de kinh te trang trai tao dupe sUc manh mdi trong su nghiep phdt tridn ndng nghiep vd ndng thdn, eae dia phuong can rd soat lai quy hoach phat trien kinh te trang trai. Tren co sd xdc djnh cdc vung phdt trien trang trai, can cdng bd quy dat cd the giao hoac eho thue de phdt then trang trai. Bay manh xdy dUng ket eau ha tang, nhat la he thdng thuy Ipi, giao thdng, he thdng cung cap dien, nude, ca sd cdng nghidp ehe bien, ed sd sdn xuat, cung Ung gidng cdy, con... ddm b i o dap Ung tdt cde yeu cau phat trien sdn xuat cCia trang trai.
Nang cao hieu qud hoat dpng eCia eae trung tdm khuyen ndng.
(Tiep theo trang 45)
khuyen Idm, khuyen n g u dd ho trp, dao tao ede ehu trang trai cd t h e m hieu bidt ve thj trudng, khoa hoc ky thudt mdi eung nhU ndng cao trinh dp qudn ly.
Tidp tuc thuc hien cde chinh sdch h d t r p eCia Nhd nude ddi v d i phdt trien kinh te trang trai vd vdn, thue hien mien t h u d t h u nhap vdi edc trang trai md Nhd nude khuyen khfch d i u t u v d khai thdc phu h p p vdi tinh hinh mdi. Tao dieu kien de cdc trang trai tich cue tham gia vdo loai hinh b i o hiem ndng nghiep, gdp p h i n gidm thieu rCii ro d o thi^n tai, djch benh gdy ra, sdm khdi phuc sdn x u i t .
Tdng cudng edng tde chf dao, kiem tra ddi vdi kinh t e trang trai, ddm bdo cac chu trang trai thuc hien day d u cdng tdc bdo ve m d i
trudng, t a o ra nhdng s i n p h i m ndng nghiep saeh, dat tidu chuan ve sinh an todn thuc pham, ed gid trj kinh t d c a o de ndng eao siJe eanh tranh cd d t r o n g va ngoai nude...
Tieu c h i ndy d e 6uac cdng nhdn Id trang trai theo Thdng tU sd 27/2011/TT-BNNPTNT quy djnh ve tieu ehi va t h u tuc cap giay ehuffig nhan kinh te trang trai ngdy 13 thdng 4 n d m 2011cua Bd Ndng nghiep ndng t h d n ban hdnh.
- B d i vdi CO sd trdng trpt, nudi trdng thuy sdn, sdn xuat t d n g hpp phdi dat: Cd dien tfch tren mUe han dien (tdi thieu 3,1 ha ddi vdi vung BNB va BBSCL; 2,1 ha ddi vdi eac t i n h edn lai); Gid trj sdn lupng hang hda dat 700 trieu d d n g / n a m .
- Bdi v d i CO sd ehdn nudi phdt dat gid trj s i n lupng hdng hda t d 1 ty d d n g / n a m t r d \in.
- B d i vdi CO sd san xuat Idm nghiep phdi c d dien tfch t d i thidu 31 ha vd gid tri sdn luong hang hda binh qudn dat 500 trieu d d n g / n a m t r d leny.
