BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM
Tir QUA TRINH TlT HtTU HOA CONG TY DlTCflVG SAT QUOC GIA NHAT BAN LlTA CHON AP DUNG CHO D U O N G SAT VIET NAM
NGUYEN HONG THAI Khoa VCin tdi - Kinh li Trudng Bgi hgc Giao thong Vgn Idi
Tdm ldi: Bdi viel de cgp tdi nhirng ly do cdn thiel vd kinh nghiem tir qud Irinh lu hihi hoa cong ty dudng sdt Quoc Gia Nhal Bdn, lua chon cho su nhdp cupc cua khu vuc tu nhdn vdo ngdnh DSVN.
Summary: The .article mentions the essential reason and experience from the process of privatization of ihe National Railway Company of Japan, select the involvement of Ihe private sector In Vietnam railway sector.
I. D^T VAN DE
D I ndng cao nang lyc canh tranh va vi thi ciia ngdnh dudng sdt trong ho^t dfing kinh doanh van tai, mpt trong gidi phdp da dugc nhieu nudc den thi gidi thuc hien Id quyet djnh tu nhan hfia dudng sdt Qufic Gia. Chinh vi vay, bdi viet ndy se de cdp tdi 2 van de co ban:
- Nhdng 1^ do cdn thiet cho su nhap cupc cua khu vyc tu nhdn vao nganh DSVN.
- Kinh nghiem tu qua trinh tu huu hfia cfing ty dudng sdt Qufic Gia Nhdt Ban, lya chpn cho su nhdp cufic cua khu vyc tu nhan vdo ngdnh DSVN.
II. NQI DUNG
1. Nhihig ly do can thi£t cho su- nhap cuoc cua khu vuc tir nhan vao nganh DSVN Mqt la. gidm chi ngdn sdch: Trong nhung nam gan ddy boat dfing kinh doanh cua nganh DSVN da dgt dugc nhdng thdnh tuu nhdt djnh, xong de dat hifiu qud cao hon nua, can thiet phai dfii mdi de gidm dan tiln tdi khfing phdi chi ngan sach.
Hai la. ndng cao hiiu qud: Qua thyc tl cho thdy hieu qud kinh doanh ciJa nganh con thdp, hien nay tfing thu ciia nganh dudng sat mfii ndm chi khodng 400 ti dfing, nhung chi phi tren 2.000 ti dfing, nang luc phyc vy chua dap ung dugc yeu cdu ciia nen kinh te va xa hpi, nguyen nhan do thifiu Y thirc ve ndng .sudt, hieu qud cdng viec, gid thdnh sdn phdm vd Tinh thdn doan kit vd hgp ldc nhdm dgt hiiu qud chung cda doanh nghiep cdn hgn chi. Kinh nghiem cho thdy sir tham gia cua khu vuc tu nhan se gfip phdn nang cao chdt lupng vd hieu qua kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep.
100 Tap chi K H O A H O C G I A O T H O N G V/^N TAI So 48 - 10/2015
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Bdng 1.
Loi ich tiem nang
Kien thirc quan ly Trach nhiem quan ly von Phat trien thi truang v6n Huy dong von khu vuc tu nhan Thu nhjip tu ban tai san
iai ich tdng len ddng vai muc do tiiam gta ciia iihu vuc tu nhdn Miic dp tham gia dau tu cua khu vuc tu nhan Hop
dong quan ly
X Cho thue
X X
BOT
X
X X
Nhuong quyen
van hanh X X X X
Cung tham gia thau
X X X X
Bad^ng hoa so
h&u X X X X X (Ngudn: Tdng hgp phdn lich cua tdc gid)
Ba Id, md' rpng quyin ldm ehU cua doanh nghiip ducmg sdt: Trong qua trinh cai each DSVN de giam hot bpi chi ngdn sach thi khfing phdi chi cfi phdn hda doanh nghiep, ma con phdi trao quyen vd md rfing quyen lam chii ciia doanh nghiep, nhdm tang tinh ceinh tranh, ban che va loai bfi su tri tre, quan lieu trong kinh doanh cua cdc doanh nghiep trong nganh dudng sat.
Bdn Ih, muc dich on dinh chinh tri: Qua dinh thdc ddy khu vuc tu nhdn tham gia vdo ngdnh DSVN, la can thilt va cdp bdch. Nfi khong chi giam chi cho ngan sdch ma con dam bdo Igi nhudn nen kinh te. NghTa Id myc dich chinh tri cufii ciing ciia Nha nudc khfing phai tu thue hien thang lpi mpt nhiem vy rieng biet ma Id nhdng kha ndng dfing vien cac cd the ciia nen kinh t$ giai quyet vdn de dfi va Chinh phu phai lam dugc dieu ma khfing cfi mot ca the nao trong xa hfii cfi the lam dugc, dam bao su an toan vd trat tu tren co sd thod man cdc nhu cdu kinh te-xa hgi.
2. Kinh nghiem co phan hda dudng sdt Nhat Ban va bai hoc rut ra cho nganh DSVN 2.1. Kinh nghiem thirc hiin tir hiru hod vd .sap xip lgi cong ty duong .sdt Nhgt Bdn
De tien hanh dugc viec tu hihi hoa va tfi chdc lai ngdnh dudng sat, tu ndm 1986 Chinh phii Nhdt Ban da phai chudn bj 9 dy thao Luat mdi va trinh Qufic hpi thfing qua, gfim: Luat ve khoanh ng cua cac khoan ng ddi ban; Ludt ve cai cdch Cfing ty dudng sat qufic gia Nhat Ban;
Ludt v£ Cfing ty cfi phdn van chuyen hdnh khdch va Cfing ty cfi phdn van chuyen hang hoa; Luat ve sd hdu he thfing tdu cao tfic; Ludt tfi chuc va giai thi Cfing ty dudng sat qufic gia Nhpt Ban;
Luat vl tim viec va dao tao Igi nghl cho lao dpng du thda ciia Cfing ty dudng sat Nhat Ban;
Luat ve chi dao cai cdch Cfing ty duong sdt Nhdt Ban; Lugt vl Doanh nghiep duong sdt; Luat vl cdi cdch thue dja phuang. Cac diem quan trgng ciia 9 Ludt nay the hien d cac diem dudi day:
a. To chuc bp mdy doanh nghiip m&i:
Cfing ty duong sdt Nhat Ban dupc chia thdnh:
- 6 Cfing ty cd phdn van chuyen hanh khach theo khu vuc, ca 6 cfing ty nay deu phai ap dyng thfing nhdt gia \&, tiln luong, dilu kipn lao dfing, ddu tu... Trong qua trinh tfi chdc lgi, dl cd lai cac cfing ty phdi xem xet lai cdc khoan le phi khac nam trong cau thanh ve van chuyen npi Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 48 - 10/2015
101"
hat (chilm khoang 95-99% tdng sd lugng khdch).
- Cfing ty cfi phan van chuyen hang hoa: Cfing ty nay ciing vdi ngdnh duong bp, dudng thiiy tao thanh thj trudng van tai hang hfia va khfing chia theo khu vuc.
- Cfing ty vdn ldi cao tfic: La chu sd huu ciia h§ thfing dudng sdt cao tfic cua Nhat Ban va tiln hanh cho 3/6 cfing ty cfi phdn van chuyen hdnh khach den ddo chinh thue lai. Cfing ty cung chiu trach nhiem nghien cdu anh hudng ciia dufing sdt den mfii trudng xung quanh.
- Tfi chdc giai quylt cdc van de tfin tai sau tu hdu hod vugt khdi pham vi ciia cac cdng ty (gpi tit la Tfi chdc xd li hdu qua): Chiu trach nhiem thanh todn cac khodn no cu ciia cdng ty duong sdt Nhdt Ban, viec dao tao lai nghl va gidi thi?u viec ldm cho cfing nhdn du thda.
- Hgc vipn nghien cdu ky thudt dudng sdt: Chju trdeh nhiem tilp tuc nghien cuu va ung dyng cdc sang che phdt minh mdi vao duong sat. Hpc vi^n hoat dfing nhu la mfit trung tam nghien cdu cho cdc cfing ty duong sat vd nhgn kinh phi td cac boat dfing dfi.
- Cfing ty thfing tin dudng sit: Chiu trach nhi^m dam bdo cdc hoat dpng thfing tin dieu khien chay tdu ciia 6 cfing ty khu vuc. Cfi phdn ciia Cfing ty thfing tin dugc bdn cho 6 cfing ty van chuyen hdnh khdch vd cfing ty van chuyln hang hod. Cfing ty nay va Buu dien Nhat Ban co ke hoach 5 ndm de sap nhgp va se dong gop chung vdo mang thfing tin qufic gia Nhdt Bdn.
b. Cdc nguyin tdc tdi chinh:
Ddy chinh la vdn de gay can nhat trong qud dinh cai tfi Cfing ty dudng sat Nhat Bdn td tfing sfi np528,l87ty USD dugc chia ra:
+ Cong ty vgn tdi cao toe chju (118.3 ty USD)
+ 6 cong ty Van chuyin hanh khdch vd cong ty van chuyen hdng hoa (84,51 ty USD) + Td chirc xir ly hgu qud (324,55 ly USD)
- Tfi chdc xd li hgu qua, dd tfi chuc bdn cac tru sd va tdi san ciia Cfing ty duong sdt Nhat Ban dugc 108.45 ty USD va thu tiln ldi I nam sau td cdc cfi phdn ciia 7 cfing ty van tai khoang 9.86 ty USD. 3 cfing ty cfi phdn dudng sdt se nop phdn chinh de tra ng. Phdn efin lai eiia khoan ng la 207.05 ty USD hoac phdi tiep tuc ghi ng hay trd ddn thfing qua viec tdng thue. Neu tdng sd du np phdi trd ddn trong 30 ndm vdi lai sudt 7%/nam thi moi ndm phai tra khoang 14,08 ty USD.
c. Cdc vdn di ddi v&i ngu&i lao dpng:
Viec gidi quyet vdn dl ngudi lao dpng d day dd dugc thyc hien theo nguyen tac:"khfing ai bj mat vipc vi qud trinh thay dfii san xuat". Nguyfin tdc ndy dd nhgn dugc su img hd r^ng rdi ciia ngudi lao dpng vd dugc thyc hien cfi kit qua. Vdo thdi dilm thay dfii co cdu san xudt, Cong ty duong sdt Nhdt Bdn cfi 276.000 ngudi lao dpng, trong dd cac cfing ty cfi phdn mdi sd dyng lgi 183.000 ngudi, con thira ra 93 000 ngudi lao dfing. Sau 1 nam do boat dfing cfi kit qud, cac cfing ty gpi tilp 32.000 ngudi vao ldm. Sfi cdn lai dd dugc ddo tao lai tay nghl Id 41.000 va 20.000 ngudi tu quylt dinh di lam d chfi lam mdi. Cdn lai 61.000 ngudi da dugc gidi quylt nhu sau:10.000 di ldm d hdng tu nhdn; 21.000 dupc cdc xi nghiep thdnh vien tiep tuc thu nhgn lai;
102 Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V ^ N TAI So 48 - 10/2015
30.000 phyc vy trong ITnh vuc dich vy cfing cflng.
d. Viec phdn quyin: Su can thipp td ben ngoai, dudc het la tu cac nha chinh di, cdc ca quan hanh chinh vao cdc hogt dpng binh thudng cua doanh nghipp giam tfii da. Viec kilm tra ciia Nha nudc chi tien hdnh d pham vi cdn thiet tfii thieu. Qua do tgo cho cac cfing ty cfi phdn mdi phgm vi boat dpng rfing ban vdi nhilu quyin ty quyet hon. Q Cfing ty dudng sit Nhgt Ban cu, ngdn sdch cda cfing ty do Qudc hpi quylt djnh, nay kl hogch ciia cac cfing ty cfi phdn chi cdn Bp GTVT cho phep. Trudc kia cdc hoat dong cua Cfing ty dudng sdt Nhat Bdn bi gidi hgn bdi nhieu loai lugt khac nhau vd chi dugc phep hoat dpng theo ITnh vuc gidi han, con ngdy nay cdc cfing ty cd phan chi tuan theo mfit ludt duy nhdt: Ludt cong ty. Cfing ty cfi thi triln khai nhanh chfing mgt dy an dl ho dg due tilp hodc gian tiep cac hogt dgng thudng ngay ma chi cdn sy chdp thudn ciia BO GTVT ma thoi (trudc kia phai thfing qua Qufic hpi). Cdc hogt dpng ddu tu do ban than cdc cfing ty tu quylt djnh va chju dach nhiem chd khdng phdi xin duyet nhu trudc kia. Gia cudc van tai dugc hinh thanh do nhu cdu ciia thi duong vd dugc Bfi GTVT chip nhdn (la sy hiep thuang cua 6 cfing ty) chd khfing phdi theo luat dinh nhu trudc kia, nlu mufin hg gid chi can thfing bao. Ddc biet van dl nhdn su dugc dan gian rdt nhilu, trudc kia bfi nhiem ldnh dgo cfing ty phai dugc Chinh phii phe duyet, nay chi cdn Bp trudng GTVT chip nhan.
Trudc nam 1984 Cfing ty dudng sdt Nhdt Bdn cd 120 xi nghipp thanh vien vdi doanh thu khoang 1,35 ty USD, chiem 2,7% tfing doanh thu ciia toan cfing ty. Cfi nghTa la 97,3% doanh thu ciia cfing ty la do van tai dem lgi. NSu so sdnh voi co cau doanh thu cua cdc cfing ty dudng sdt tu nhan thi tgi cdc xi nghiep nay doanh thu do van tai chi chilm khoang 50% tfing thu. Nhu vgy cfi thi thdy rang ngudn doanh thu ciia Cfing ty dudng sit Nhgt Ban la dpc thu, trong khi do tai cdc cfing ty tu nhan da hinh thanh nhieu ngufin thu khdc nhau.
e. Hogt dpng Cdng dodn:
De chudn bj cho viec tfi chdc lai bp may, ngay 13.01.1986 Cfing doan va Ldnh dgo dufing sdt Nhgt Ban da ki thoa thudn vdi 3 nfii dung chii yen nhu sau:
- Ca hai phia (chii vd thg) deu cfi ging cho viec duy tri su fin djnh va an toan ciia chay tau, ddng thdi cung nghien cdu cac qui dinh lugt phdp ve van de nay.
- Hai bfin nhat tri viec to chdc Igi hgp Iy hod sdn xudt de xay dyng cac xi nghiep duong sdt cfi Idi trong tuong lai la dieu khfing the thay dfii dugc.
- Cd hai phia ciing hgp tac trong ITnh vuc tao viec ldm cho ngudi lao dfing dfii du.
g. Xdy dung m&i h^ ihdng tdu cao tdc:
He thfing tdu cao toe tilp tyc duoc xdy dung vi ddy Id phuang tien giao thfing hieu qua nhdt noi cac thdnh phfi Idn. Tren ca sd quyet djnh hgp nhdt vien nghien cuu ky thudt dudng sat vdi xi nghipp xdy dung duong sat cfing cgng thdnh Lien hiep ky thugt dufing sdt va giao nhiem vy cho Lien hiep xay dung h? thfing tau cao tfic vdi tfing dy todn khodng 68,5 ty USD.
2.2. Bai hgc rdt ra cho nganh duang sdt Viet Nam
Thdi diem hien tai tfing cfing ty DSVN da thyc hipn thoai vfin 100% tai 6 cfing ty cfi phdn gfim: Cdng ty Cd phan Vat lieu xdy dyng dudng sdt phia Nam, Cfing ty Cfi phdn da Chu Lai, T^p chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI 8 6 48 - 10/2015 103
Cfing ty Cfi phan co khi duong sit Da Ndng, Cong ty Cfi phdn ddu tu va \d> dung Giao thdn§^
van tai; Cfing ty Cfi phan Sai Gon Hoa xa. Hien Tfing cdng ty dang xay dyng ho so chdo ban co phdn tgi Cfing ty Cfi phan XNK Vdt tu thiet hi duong sdt; tiln hanh thdm dinh gia Cfing ty Viln thfing tin hieu duong sdt va Cfing ty Dich vu du ljch dufing sit Hd Ngi.
Ben canh cfing tac thoai vdn, Tfing cfing ty cung dang tap trung chi dao thyc hien cfi phdn hda 24 don vj true thugc. Trong do, 20 cong ty TNHH MTV quan ly kit ciu ha ting va Cfing ty TNHH MTV Xe Ida DT An; Cfing ty TNHH MTV Xe Ida Gia Ldm va 02 Cfing ty TNHH MTV Vgn tai duong sat Ha Npi, Sdi Gon se tap trung hoan thdnh trudc ngay 31/12/2015.
Tuy nhien cong tdc tdi co cdu, co phdn hoa (CPH), thodi von tgi Tfing cfing ty DSVN dang cham tiin dp do con nhiiu kho khdn. vuong mdc vi mat thii tgc. ca chi, nhdt Id viic xdc dinh gid tri tai sdn doanh nghiep. sdp xep mo hinh to chUc va chinh sdch doi voi lao dpng doi dir. Theo thir tru&ng Bp GTVT Nguyen Ngoc Dong- "Doi v&i mgt doanh nghiep dgc thii nhu duong sdt, cdn co ca chi dgc thii m&i thdo g&. ddm bdo tiin dp CPH dugc, nhdt la khi gidm tir hon 3 vgn lao dpng xuong con han 2 vgn ".
Mpt Id, xay dung lp trinh thich hgp nhdm tirng bir&c tgo diiu kiin vi moi tru&ng kinh doanh di khu vuc tu nhdn tham gia vdo DSVN:
Ngdnh DSVN cdn co cdu lgi nganh qua viec tach rieng cac dan vj hoat dgng kinh doanh chinh vd cac doanh nghiep phy trg. Qua dfi tach cac djch vy dgc lap ra khdi boat dfing chinh.
Cdc djch vy bao gfim: Khach sgn; San xudt va 'sua chua dau may toa xe; Djch vy du lich; San xudt cung dng djch vu an ufing tren tdu vd tai cdc nha ga. Tilp tyc thuang mai hda cac co so hogt dong rieng le vd xdy dyng ke hogch hanh dpng cho duong sit va chien luoc cho tu nhan tham gia vao nganh dudng sdt.
Het nam 2015, tfing cfing ty DSVN se co phan 20 cong ty quan ly ket cau ha tang dufing sit thanh 20 cfing ty cfi phdn bao tri ket cau ha tang dudng sit (trong do co 15 cfing ty cfl phdn bao tri cau dudng sdt vd 5 cfing ty cfi phan bao tri thfing tin tin hieu dudng sat) vdi 16 trinh: hoan thdnh vipc chuyen dfii 20 cfing ty nay thanh cac cfing ty cfi phdn.
(2) Nhung hanh dpng trong giai dgan trung hgn tir 2015- 2016: Tdch rdi nhdng hoat dpng rieng le ra khoi hoat dOng chinh vd trong ndm 2016 Tfing cfing ty DSVN sS thuc hien thoai todn bd vfin gfip cua Tfing cfing ty tai 10 cfing ty cfi phdn Id: Dd My Trang, Ddu tu cfing dinh Ha Npi, Djch vy Du Hch dudng sit Ha Nfii, Tu vdn dau tu vd Xdy dyng cong trinh 1, Vien thfing tin hieu dudng sat, VTnh Nguyen, Xay dyng cfing trinh Da Ndng, Xdy lap vd Ca khi cau ducmg, Cfing trinh 2, Dau tu phat triln ha tdng va dfi thi dudng sdt. Ben canh dfi, Tdng cfing ty DSVN se gid vfin gfip ciia Tfing edng ty dudi 30% vfin dieu le tgi 3 cfing ty c6 phdn Id: Ddu tu vd xay dyng cfing trinh 3. Tdng cfing ty Cfing trinh dudng sat, Cfing trinh 6. Giu vdn gfip d mdc dudi 20% vfin difiu lfi tai Cfing ty cfi phan tu vdn ddu tu va xay dyng giao thfing van tdi.
(3) Nhirng hdnh dpng trong giai dgan ddt hgn tir nay din hit ndm 2017: Sau khi cfi phdn hfia cdc cong ty van tdi, Tfing cfing ty DSVN se cho ddu thdu hdnh trinh tau khdch, tau hang dfii vdi cdc tuyfin duong, khu doan cfi nhu cau van chuyen ldn, qua do tao mfii trudng binh ddng cho cdc doanh nghiep kinh doanh van tai duong sdt. Dfing thdi xem xfit cfi phdn hfia va chuyln nhugng quyen van hanh ddu may, toa xe va ca viec nhugng quyfin van hanh cac djch vu ha tdng den ca sd phai xdy dyng nhanh dl an quan ly kinh doanh hg tdng dudng sit.
104 Tgp chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI 8 6 4 8 - 10/2015
Hai Id, tgo lap moi tru&ng phdp li ddm bao su nhgn thuc day dii, thong nhat vd dong thuan cua cdn bp cdng nhdn viin cua ngdnh du&ng sat vi tinh can thiit cua khu vuc tu nhan tham gia vdo vi$cddutu, khai thdc phdt triin ngdnh du&ng sat VietNam. De thuc hifin, trudc het bp GTVT cdn tgp trung hodn thien van bdn, the che chinh sach, rd soat, tfing kfit Ludt Duong sdt, bfi sung Thfing tu, Nghj djnh con thilu de thuc hien ngay. Theo do, quan ly hg tang va kinh doanh van tai se dugc tdch rieng va tdp trung cfi phdn hfia vdi su tham gia ddu tu, kinh doanh ngdnh dudng sat ciia khu vuc tu nhan, tiln tdi khfing diing vfin ngdn sdch.
Ba Id, di giup ihuc hiin cdng tdc cd phdn hoa cua Tdng cdng ty DSVN thdnh cdng, nang cao nang luc vd hiiu qua hogt ddng, Chinh phd can tgo diiu kiin cho ngdnh DSVN thuc hiin Cff chi di sd lao dpng ddi du ducfc hu&ng cac chinh sdch theo quy dinh cda Nha nu&c.
Bon Id, tgo diiu kiin cho su thanh cdng cua cong ty cd phdn hogt ddng trong ngdnh DSVN. De dam bao thanh cong cua cdc cfing ty cfi phan duong sat hoat dfing trong nganh DSVN can giai quyet dfing bfi 7 yeu to sau; (i^ Xoa bo quan lieu cica quyen; Nhung ngudi ldm viec trong cac cfing ty mdi khfing con la cdc vien chuc nha nudc nua ma la cac nhan vien cua cdc cfing ty cd phan hogt dpng tren ITnh vuc phuc vy va thu nhgp, thang tien ngudi lao dpng phy thupc vao hieu qua lam viec ban than. (2) Bd tri cdn hp. He thfing lanh dgo cdc cfing ty cfi phdn mdi khfing chi dugc tuyin dung td cac tdng lop lanh dgo cu ciia DSVN hoac tu cdc nhdn vi6n cao cdp cua Bp GTVT, ma con td cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep ngodi ngdnh thupc cac thanh phan kinh te ben ngoai. (3) Sw can thi^p tir ben ngodi: Su can thiep thudn tuy mfinh lenh ciia cac nha chinh tri neu cfi the can phai cham dirt. Viec kiem tra thuc hien chinh sdch phai ro rang, don gian tren nen tang phap ludt hien hanh. {4) Hop tdc vd phdt trien: de dam bao co hpi tien than cho tat ca mpi ngudi vd cfing tac danh gia, dai ngp va dk bat dya tren ket qua cfing viSc. (5) Hap tdc ngodi ngdnh: De da dgng boa ngufin vfin ddu tu cho doanh nghiep, cdc cfing ty cfi phan mdi phai cfi cac lien kit mdt cdch chii dfing vol cac doanh nghiep, cdc tfi chdc kinh tl va xa hgi khac. (6) Phai cpng tdc chat che vdi cac ngdnh khach hang va cac nhd dich vu khdc dl tgo ngufin hang va ndng cao chat lupng phyc vy. {7) To chirc lgi va cgnh tranh: Theo hudng tao su cgnh tranh lanh manh vd hieu qua, giam boi ganh nang ngdn sach ciia nha nudc.
III. KET LUAN
Dh thu hiit khu vuc tu nhan tham gia ddu tu, khai thac nganh DSVN, Chinh phii Viet Nam cdn ca cdu lai thi truong dl tao dilu kien canh tranh lanh manh; Xdc dinh nhdng muc cudc phi du dl bii dip chi phi vd thill lap luat chi ro rang va xac dinh dfii tugng, 16 trinh, cdch thdc vd muc dp tham gia ciia khu vuc tu nhan.
Ngay nhan bai l^n d^u: 28/9/2015 Ngay nhan bai sua: 27/11/2015 Ngdy chip nhdn dang bai: 30/10/2015 Tai lieu tham khao
[I]. Kobayashi, Hiroakl, Tu hdu hod cr nhat ban, Bao cao ve chinh sach kinh te-xa hfii, Hpc vien kinh te Due. so 150 (3/1987), Koel-CHLB Due
[2]. TS Nguyen Dice Kien, TS Trdn Vdn. PGS TS. Nguyin Hong Thai, Phat triln bin vQng nhtf Igi the di sau - Goc nhin tu Viet Nam, 2012 Nha xudt ban GTVT*
Phan bien: PGS.TS. Lg Quan; PGS.TS. Nguyen Oang Quang
Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 48 - 10/2015 105
