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umani 11 mgt trong n h i i i ^ qude gia c h l u Au cd dao tao du hgc sinh Vi|t Nam. Vi the, nghien ciiu he thong van b i n g ciia qu6c gia nay n h u mgt tnldng hgp cua b | thong van bang cae nU6c c h i u Au se gdp p h i n phyc vy cdng n h i n tUong duong van b i n g Viet Nam.I. CO CAU HE THdNG GIAO DUC RUMANI Co clu HT GD ciia Rumani dugc the hi|n trong hinh sau:
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Cd e ^ h | thdi^ giao dye cua Rumani
(Worid Data on Education. VII Edu. 2010/11, UNESCO) H | thdng giao dye Rumani bao gdm:
-Giao due mam non -Giao dye CO bin - Giio dye trung hpc phd thdi^
- Giio due nghi nghilp sau trung hge phd thdng - Gilo due dai hge va sau dai hgc Cythlll:
- Giao due mlm non (pre-scbool education)
Th.S NGUYIN TH! HAO. ThS NGUYIN THOY VINH Trung t i m D ^ hgc, Vign Khoa hge G i i o dye V i | t Nam
B|c hgc nay tao dilu ki|n cho tie ty do phat trien, can bai^ trong tinh each dya tren sU sang tao, phat trien khi nang tUPng tie v ^ cae tre khae, ngUdi Idn va the gidi xung quanh de dat dupe kien thiic, ky nang, thai do va hinh vi eu xLl; khuyen khieh sy kham pha.,. giiip cae em tilp thu kien thiic, khi ning, ki nang vl thii dg cin thilt bong qui trinh hge tip sudt eudc ddi,
Gilo dye mam non dinh eho tri til 0 - 6 tudi, til cd thi dilpc chim sde d nha tre til 4 thing den 3 tudi nhUng khdng bit bugc Tit 3 - 6 tudi li tre di mlu giao d eac b|c khae nh^i, bong dd til 5-6 tudi la bat huge phai din tnldng.
- Giao due ca ban (basic educaHon)
Gilo dye cd ban bao gdm giao due tieu hge va tnmg hge b|e thap 10 nIm, Uong dd giio dye deu hpe til Idp 1 din Idp 4, trung hpe ep sd til Idp 5 din 10.
Gilo dye tieu hgc dUpe chia ra 3 loai trUdng: Tnldng ehl cd til Idp 1 din Idp 4 thudng d cie vkag ndng thdn (gidng nhU hinh thiic phd c ^ giio due); TrUdi^ ed tit Idp 1 dia Idp 8/9 bao gom ca giio dye the chit, giao dye lieu hpe vl tiui^ hgc aJ sd; TrUdng co cic Idp tit 1 den 12/13 thudng bao gdm el vin hda ngh| diuit, Ihl thao, giio tye lieu hpc vl giio due trung hpe ed sd day du. Khdng ed kiem tra chiing nh|n d cudi Idp 4. Hpe sinh hpc xong Ic^ 4 tilp h ^ hpc lln trung hpc Cd sd. Trung hgc eo sd bat bupe vdi 4 nam (Idp 5 din Idp 8). NgUdi hpe xoi^ trung hgc cd sd nlu dat yeu eau theo quy dinh dupc cap ehiing nhin tot nghiep.
- Gilo due trung hgc phd thong (Secondary education) Gilo dye trui^ hgc phd thdng gom Idp 11 -12/13, Vi|e tham dy hpe phd thdng la khdng bat bude vi hoe sinh sau khi hpe xor^ trung hge CO sd cd the tham gia hge nghe, ky thu|t ho^c nghe thuat. Cae tnldng nghe cung elp giio dye d^y nghe vdi cae nginh nghe khic nhau vi chaSa bi vi|c lim eho ngUdi hpe.
Chuong trinh giio sau trung hgc mpt chUdng ttinh dao tao nghe ttl 1 din 3 nam ddi vdi nhfing ngUdi da hoan thinh ehucftig trinh giio dye tmng bpc va vUpt qua kl ihi tuyen sinh. VUpt qua E thi cudi khda chuong trinh dao tao nghe nay hp dUpc e% giay ehiing nhan chuyin mdn trong linh vUe dio tao tiiong lii^.
- G i l o due nghS n g h i e p sau t r u n g h g c p h 6 t h o n g (Vocational school)
C i c chuong trinh giio dye nghi nghi|p ed thdi gian hpe til 6 thing den 2 nam. Gilo dye ky thu|t vl d?y nghe bao gdm dgy nghi, giio dye ky thuat va giao dye sau Uimg hpc
Hpc sinh tdt nghilp trung hpe phd thdng. hole tmng hgc nghi cd the vao hgc giao dye nghi nghilp ho|c vao hpc d?i hgc, tot nghilp dupe cap bing cao ding.
- Gilo due dai hpc (Higher educaUon) vl sau dai hgc Chuong trinh d?i hgc thudng keo dai til 3 din 6 nIm tiiy Unh vUc dio t?o. Ngudi hgc tdt ngHip cie chUdng trinh nay dupe cap bine cii nhln, kiln tnic sU hole ky sU.
Dai/i'<?H<JC 5(53-2016
Giao dye sau d^i hge bao gdm d c khda ^ o t^o ttii den 2 nam cho i^Udi da tdt nghi|p DH mudn lay ehiing ehi sau dai hge ho|e I h ^ si, sau 4 nam ddi vdi ngUdi muon lay bang tien si khi da cd bang dai bgc hoac bang th?e si. Sau d|i hge thudng di theo 2 hudng nghiln eiiu va ling dyng
II. MO TA CHI TI^T H§ T H 6 N G VAN BANG CUA RUMANI He thdng van bing eita Rumani dUpc md ta chi tilt trong phan dudi diy Chiing tdi giQ nguyin ten gde eua van bang vi nhieu van bai^ khdi^ the quy ddi tuong dUdng lln ggi theo h | thdng van bing cua Vi|t Nam hl|n t^.
- Giio due Trung hgc cd sd
Ccrt^cfrf dccflporitirfe: Chiing chi ^ t nghilp trui^ hge cd sd dinh cho hgc sinh da vUpt qua ky Ihi bit bude (Examen de capacitate). Hgc sinh tdt nghilp trung hpe cd sd ed the vio hpe trui^ hgc phd thdng de hpe tilp b|e cao ban hoge di hgc trtmg hgc nghe.
- Giao dye Trung hge phd thdng
Atesfat profesional: chiing ehi nghe ngan han cap eho ngUdi dat ylu cau sau khi hpc trung hgc ky thu|t, trung hge nghe,
Certificat de absolvire: Chiing nhan l^t qui hgc t|p trung hgc nghi, trung hpe ky thujt eita ngudi khdng phii thi ky thi qude gia ho|c trypt trong ky thi sat h^ich qude gia,
-Gilodueb|c3
Diploma de edtsobiire: Bang eao ding nghe cho ngUdi tdt nghi|p trung hoc pho thdng hpe 3 nam giao dye nghi nghilp ho|e khda ngan h^n 3 nam d^ hpc.
Diphmi de bacalaureat: Bing eao dang sau khi vUpt qua ky thi sat hach qude gia.
Diploma de merit: Bang eao dang loai xual sac cap cho ngUdi dat diem trung binh ehung hpc tip til 9.5 diem trd len theo thang diem 10.
Cert^cat de studii universitare de lungp. duratd: Cdng nh|n kit qui hpc tip cua i ^ d i hge dgi hgc h | tit 6 - 4 nam ma chUa tdt nghiep,
Certificat de studii universitare de scurtd duratd: Cdng nh^n kit qua hgc t^p eiia ngUdi hge dgi hge ngan hgn h | 3 nam mi ehua tdt nghilp.
Diploma de absolvire: Bing eao dang nghi eho ngUdi tdt nghi|p Irui^ hpc phd thdng hgc 3 nam giao dye nghe nghilp hole khda ngan bgn 3 namd^i hpe.
Diploma de athiteei diplomab edi^ nhln eho ngUc^ tdt i^hiep d^ hoc he 6 nam nganh kien tnic. NgUdi hpe phai vUpt qua ky thi tdt nghilp dgi hgc {Examen de llcenfd).
Diploma de inginer diplomat: edng nhan cho ngUcri tdt nghilp dgi hpe h | 5 nam nginh ky thulL NgUdi hoc phai vugt qua kjf thi tdt nghilp dinh rieng cho ngUdi hpc dai hgc h | ky thuit vi kiln tnic (h|
5 - 6 nam) (Examen de Splomd).
Diplomd de licenfd: edng nhan cho i ^ d i tdt nghilp dai hgc h | 6 - 4 nam cae nganh khie.
Diplomd de doctor: van bai^ tiln si, ngUdi hoe phli vUpt qua ky Ihl sit hgch Colocviu sau 1 nam hgc sau dai hgc d l hge Ulp.
Diplomd de studii academice posbtniversitare: cdng nhln eho ngUdi lot nghilp 1 - 2 nam sau dgi hpe theo hudi^ i^hiln ciiu
Diplomd de Master: Trinh dp cdng nhin eho ngUdi dgt ylu d u trong ky dli, bao v | eao hge. NgUdi hpe phli trli qua ky thi cho i ^ d i hoin thanh vi|e hpc hoge nghien cdu nai^ cao sau 1 - 2 nam hgc sau dgi hpc,
Diplomd de shtdii aprofimdate: van bang tiln si, nhgn dUpc sau khi hge va bio v | !u|n in tien si.
™ . ™ 73
III. Odi CHIEU HE THdNG V A N B A N G CUA RUMANI Vdl CHUAN PHAN LOAI QUOC I E VE GIAO DUC
1. Chuan phin logi qudc t l vl giio dye
Chuan phan logi qudc t l vc giao dye (International standard classification of education - ISCED) duge hieu: La van ban do td chile UNESCO chju trieh nhi|m biln sogn, sCta ddi va egp nh^t, dupe ehlp nhgn bdi eae td chiic qude tl vi eic nudc thinh viln eua UNESCO;
Dupe thiet kl nhU mpi cdng ey phyc vy cho viec thu thap, sUu tam, dua ra eac chi so va thdng kl GD; Bao gdm nhfing khii ni|m, (£nh nghia vl phUdi^ thiJe phin logi theo cic tilu ehuan nhlt dinL ISCED bao gdm ea GD ehinh quy, GD khdng chinh quy va nhfli^ van bang chiing ehi GD duge edng nhln ehinh thilc; DUdc ap dung tren toin thi gidi, vdi mye dieh phin logi, so sinh, phin tich eie du; lieu GD,
Cho den nay, ehuan phin logi qudc t l d l cd tat el 3 phien ban:
phien bin nam 1976,1997 va 2011. ISCED 2011 li philn bin mdi nhlt, tuy nhien eho din nay ISCED 1997 van dang l i phien ban ductc sil dyng pho bien hdn. Hi|n tgi, cae qudc gia tren thi gidi dai^ tiln hanh ddi ehilu h | thdng giio dye vl h | thdng van bang eua quoc gia minh vdi bang phin logi nay, Vi the, chiing tdi kl thila phan ddi chilu be thdng vin bang eua Rumani vdi Chuan phan loai qudc t l vl giio dye nam 1997 trong Gbssaiy ddi ehilu h | thdng giao due chlu Au.
Chuai phan logi qude t l v l giao dye naral997 dupe ehinh thilc thdng qua trong hpi nghi eua td chile UNESCO dupe td chile vio thing 11 nIm 1997. \ ^ ban niy dUpc edng bd rdng rai tren website cua td ehiie UNESCO Igi dja ehl: hllp://www.uis.UNESCO.org/Library/
Doeuments/isced-97en.pdf.
Ndi dung ehinh ciia tttng cap dd nhil sau:
- Cdp dp 0: Gido due tiin Tieu hgc (pre-primary education)- Chuong trinh gidi thilu nhflng hilu bilt ed bin ve mdi trudng giao dye cho tre em, Tilu ehi ehinh de phin logi ehUdng trinh giao dye: Dieu kien eua nhi ttudng hoge trung tim giio dye; ChUdng trinh giao due danh cho tre til 3 tuoi trd lln, Tilu chi bd sung: binh dd ddi ngu.
- Cdp dp L Gido diic Tieu hgc hay giai doan did nhdt eua GD ed bdn (primary education or first stage of basic education): Chudi^ tiinh nham ky nang dpc. vilt, lim toin, hieu bilt ed bin vl cae mdn hpe khac. Tilu chi ehinh de phan loai chupng trinh giao dye: Bat diu hpe mdt each he thdng cie ndi dung cua giao dye tieu hpe:
dpc, viet, Ilm toin
- Cdp dp 2. GiHo due Trung hgc bdc thap hay pai doan thU hai cua GD cd hdn (lower secondary or second stage of basic ediuuition):
Chyong trinh nham dgt nen mdng cho sy phat trien lau dai, Tilu ehi chinh de phan loai chuong trinh giio dye: Sd dung nhilu giao viln cd trinh dg ehuyen slu hdn; Phit triln diy du cie ky nang cd ban, dgt nen mdng eho hgc tap sudt dili,
- Cdp dp 3. Gido difc Trung hoc bdc eao (upper secondary education): Hoat ddng ehuyen mdn vi trinh dp giao vien eao hdn cap do 2. Tieu ehi chinh dc phan loai ehUdng trinh giao dyc' Trinh dp dau vio: hoan thanh 9 nam hpe ke til khi bat dau cap dp 1; Cie ylu eau dau vao tdi thieu.
- Cap M 4: Sau tivng hgc-khdng phdi pdo dtte bpc ba (post secondary-non tertiary education): ChUdng trinh khdng tiln tiln hdn elp dp 3 nhiing phii hgp vdi vi|c nang eao kien thiic cho hoe sinh da hoin thinh elp dd 3, Tilu ehi chinh dl phin loai ehildng trinh giio dye: dUa trln, cae tieu ehi li: lieu elu diu vao tdi thieu: hoin thinh elp dd 3; Ndi dung chUdng trinh ehuyen sau, ehi tilt va trong mdt sd trudng hpp phflc tap hdn cap dd 3; Dg tijoi nhgp hoc- thdng thildng
74 .,._.._,
Idn hon so vdi tudi eita ngUdi hgc d c ^ dg 3; Ihdi gian dao tgo: tfl 6 thing din 2 nam.
- Cap dp 5: Giai do^n ddu cua pdo diic bpc ba (first stage of tertiary education): Chuong trinh cd ndi dung dio tgo slu. Tieu ehi chinh:
lieu eau dau vio tdi thieu: hoan Ihanh ihinh edng cap do 3 A, 3B hoge 4A,; Logi vin bang, Thdi gian dio tgo: tdi thieu la 2 nam.
- Cdp dp 6: Giai doan 2 eua pdo due bdc ba (second stage of tertiary education): ChUdng irinh nghiln cflu slu va cd ban, khdng ehi can eil vio boat dgng dien ra trong khda bgc. Tilu ehi ehinh de phin logi:
Djnh hudng n ^ l n eilu eua ngi dung chfldng trinh; Yeu elu vl khda lu|n, luan van va luan an.
2. Ddi chilu h^ thong van bang Rumani vdi ISCED 1997 Ddi chieu h? thdi^ van bang Rumani vdi ISCED 1997 dflpc thi hien trong bang sau:
s63-2mDaij^-''f^^^
C a c c a p d o l S C K D ISCKD 1
Van bang/Chung chi
Cerlifical de capacitate
Tsitare Alcstal professional;
Cerlificat de absoivirc Diploma dc absolvire:
Diploma de bacalaurea.
Diploma de merit, hoaie matrico!3 Ceilihcat de absolvire.
l''oaic maincola.
Certificat dc absolviie.
Ccrtifical de studii iir.ive de lunga durata.
C'eilifieal de studii unn [le scurta durata:
Diploma de absolvire Diploma de arhilect diplomat;
Diploma de ingmcr diplomat.
Foaie mairiLoia Diploma dc doctor.
Diploma de studii aeadeniice postumversitare;
Diploma de Master:
Diploma de studii aproliindale
Bing ddi chilu h | thdng van bang efia Rumani vdi ISCED 1997 Nhfl viy, Rumani 11 mdt troi^ nhflng qude gia chlu Au ed he ihdng vin bing kha gan gQi vi tuong thich vdi ISC^D 1997. Nghiln cflu vl h | thdng giio dye, h | thdng van bang cua qude gia niy gdp phin tim hieu vi h | thdng van bang eiia eae nflde chlu Au TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. European commission (2004). airopean Glossary on Education.
2. UNESCO (1999b). ISCED 1997 mj^ipings, tham khao tai http://
www.uis.uneseooig/Education/lSCEDMappings/Pj^es/defaultaspx.
3, UNESCO (2007). Russian RederaUon: Allocation of National Education Programmes to ISCED 1997
4, UNESCO (2011). Worid Data on Education, VII Edu. 2010/11.
5. UNESCO (1984). BIE - UNEVOC, tham khao tgi www.unevoc.
unesco.org, TOM TAT
Bdi viit tiinh bdy vi he ^onggido due, M Mng vdn hang iiwwaw' vd doi ddiu he thong vdn bdng Rumani vdi diuSn phdn lod quoc te vi pdo due phiin bdn nam 1997. Ket qud cda bdi viit cd the sd dung tmng khi nghiti cdu hi Mng vdn bdng ciia Rumani ndi riing vd H thong vdn bdng cda cdc nude didu Au ndi dtung.
SUMMARY
This papers research on the educationd system and qudification system of Rumani, miqipingqudifieation system ofRumam to ISCED 1997. These researdi results can be use in researdiing on qualification sys^m of Pumani particularly and qui^fication system of European countries generally.
TaraQNG GIAO DUC.
(Tie'p theo trang 69)
giao due mang tinh chat dan ehi v i nhln van slu sic nham xiy dflng con ngfldi mdi vdi mpt nhln sinh quan tiln bq, hfldng den mpt ehe dd xa hdi tdt d?p bdn d tfldng lai - che dd din ehi. Dd chinh 11 bfldc ddt p h i trong W duy giio dye cia xa hdi dfldng thdi ma gia tri ciia nd khdng ehl gdi ggn d nflde Phip. Vdi nhflng y nghia dd, nln giao dye hi|n dgi ngay nay khdng the khdng suy ngam, trong dd ed giio dye ciia Vi|t Nam.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Chin dung nhiing nbl eai each giao dye tilu bilu trln thi gidi (2005), Nxb The gidi, HINdi,
[2]. Nguyin Tien Dung (2009), Ljch sil ttilt hpc phfldng lay, Nxb Van nghi, TpHd Chi Minh.
[3]. Nhilu tic gia (2007), NhSng van de giio dye hi|n nay quan 4em va giii phap Nxb Tri thile, HI Ndi.
[5]. Nguyin Mgnh Tfldng (1994), L^ lugn giio dye Chlu Au til Erasme tdi Rousseau the k? XVI, XVn, XVIII, Nxb Khoa hge xa hdi Hi Npi.
[6], Nguyen Ding Minh Tri (2011), Thifc chit vi y nghia cua tfl Mdng giao dye trong trilt hge Khai sang Phap, Lugn vin ihae si khoa hpc triet hge.
T6MTAT
Trong bdi viit ndy, tdc pd muon di edp din mgt so quan diim cua Denis Diderot vepdo due. TU tUdngpdo difc cda dng khong chi dnh hUdngsdu rgng den nin pdo difc cda nUdc Phdp ngay nay, mdt trong nhUng nUdc cd nin gido difc rdt phdt trien md edn dnh hUdngsdu rdng den nhiiu nUde d cdc khu vUc khdc nhau trin the gidi trong dd cd Viet Nam.
SUMMARY
In this artide, the outfior wouldlike to mention some of Denis Diderot views on education. His ideoloped education not only far-reaching influence of ffie Frmii education ^stem today, one country vviii wdl-devdoped edueadon system, but also a profound impact m man countries in different repons in the world worid induding Vietnam ^
