BAN DQO win-
TiM HIEU THUAT NGir
"IVIliN NHIEM"
• ThS. HOANG THI TU OANH n
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ien n h i i m la khai niem dflOe stt dung n h i i u trong ITnh vflc ehinh tn. p h i p luat lien quan den c i c chttc vu dupc bau, dttdc bd nhiem, dUdc ctt dudc giac gitt n h l i m vu thudng x u y i n trong cdc co quan to ChUc thuoc he thdng chinh tri eua nude ta„« ^ T \ f " 3 ^^^'' "I^emission- dude hidu la hanh il«ng tu bd, thoi chttc trach cua minh ( m i i m n h i i m tU nhiemK Dong ttt cua m i i n nhiem la Demissionner dfldc hieu theo hai nghTa k h i c nhau tuy thude vao each su dung dong ttt n i y ndu la noi ddng ttt tUc dung khong cd bo ngfl trflc tie'p dfldc hidu la "tfl chflc ; neu la ngoai ddng tfl, tflc dflng ed bd ngO duoe hieu la " m i i n n h l i m " " * .
Theo Ttt dien B i c h khoa Viet Nam. m i i n n h i i m dupe hieu la- "Cho thoi gitt chttc vu do dude bau (hoae dflpc bo n h i i m ) trong nhflng truflng hop ngflPi gifl chue vu do khdng con xflng dang vdi su tin n h i i m " " ' Bay la mot each g i i i thieh ehua dflpc ro r i n g va'thidu chmh xac. bdi da dong nhat gifla m i i n nhiem va bai nhiem: "Khong cdn xttng ddng vdi stt tin nhiem" thi s i b! bai nhiem doi vdi nhttng ngufli dUdc bau. cd thd coi ilo n h t t j a mdt hinh thttc ky luat each chUe neu ho dflflc bo n h i i m giO chflc vu lanh dao Trong khi dd.
nguyen nhdn d i n den m i i n nhiem thuflng la do "nhu c i u edng tac. sttc khod khong dam bao. khdng hoan thanh n h i i m v u . vi pham ky luat nhflng chfla ddn mfle bl thl hanh ky luat bang hinh thfle each ehfle "
Theo Tfl dien tieng V i i t phd thong- " M i i n nhiem aupe hieu ia eho thoi khong flip tue gitt chflc vu nao 00 trong bo may nha nude"'-'. Cdch g i i i thich nay chua ehinh xac d hai khia canh
ThO nhat. each g i i i thich nay mdi n i u len hinh thue cfla viee mien nhiem la eho thoi giO ehfle vu nao do trong bd may nha nude, md ehua neu l i n duoc nguyin nhan cua su viec e a c h hidu n i y con chung Chung, d i lam eho ngudi doc hidu nham vOi bai m i i n ('} Hqc viin Hinh chinh qudc gla
1 6 ohiic- n l i a n i l , , , .
ThO hai. quan m i m n i y cd pham v; hep. bdi vi bd may n h i nude i i tong hop eua cac cfl quan nha nude;
trong khi do, v i i c mien n h i i m ed the xay ra d eac td chttc chinh tn, td chUe chinh tri xa hdi, td chflc xa hdi nghe nghiep (duoe quy dmh trong dieu l i cua td ehfle dd) Nhfl vay, trong h i thong ohinh tn eua node ta, d b i t ky cfl quan, td chttc nao cung cO the x i y ra tinh trang m i i n nhiem chU khong p h i l chi trong bo m i y nha nudc.
Thuat ngtt m i i n n h i i m dude sfl dung nhidu trong Hidn p h i p V i i t Nam nam 2013; "Bau. m i i n n h l i m . bai n h l i m Chu fleh nudc. Phd Chu' tich nuflc. Chu tich Quo'c hoi, PhO Chu tich Qudc hdi. Oy v i i n Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hoi, Chu tich Hoi dong dan toe, Chu n h i i m Oy ban cua Qude hdi. Thu tudng Chlnh phu, Chdnh an Toa an nhan dan tdi eao, V i i n trfldng Vien kidm sat nhan dan toi cao. Chu tieh Hdi ddng bau cfl qudc gia. Tdng Kidm toan nhd nttdc.
ngudi dung dau co quan khdc do Quoc hdi thanh lap. p h i chuan de nghl bd n h i i m . m i i n nhiem. cdch chttc Pho Thu tudng Chinh phfl. Bp trudng va thanh vien khae cua Chinh phfl. Tham phan TOa an nhan dan tdi cao. p h i chuan danh sdch thanh vien Hoi adng qude phong va an nmh. Hdi ddng bau efl quoc gia""' T h u i t ngtt nay cung dude sfl dung trong Luat td chflc Qudc hoi nam 2001 (sfla ddi bd sung nam 2007). Luat td chttc Cliinh phu nam 2001 (sfla ddi, bd sung nam 2015), CO hieu luc thl hanh ke tU n q i v 01/01/2016; Luat td chttc Toa an nhan dan nam 2014. Luat td chflc chinh quyen dia phuong ndm 2015.
Luat can bd. edng chflc nam 2008 quy dmh ro rang va cu the hfln ve eac ly do eua v i i e m i i n nhiem ( k h o i n 1 Bieu 54)(5) Cong chflc lanh dao' puan ly co the tfl chttc hoac m i i n nhiem trong cac trudng hop sau day 6 « / 2 0 l ( i
@
a) Khdng du sdc khoe;
b) Khong du nang lac. uy tin;
c) Theo yeu cau nhiem vu;
d) Vi ly do khac.
Td Hien phap Viet Nam nam 1980 trd ve trudc, trong c i c van b i n phap ly cua Viet Nam thadng sd dung thuat ngO bai m i l n . Tuy nhien, viec sd dung thuat ngd n i y la khdng chinh xac. Vi vay, ke td Hien phap nam 1992 den nay, bai m i l n daoc thay b i n g m i i n nhiem va bai nhiem. Be tranh viec hieu nham gida hai thuat ngO n i y cung nha mdt so thuat
ngu lien quan k h i c nha Xii chdc, c i c h chac can cd s d so s i n h giOa chung:
Biem gidng nhau gida 4 t h u i t ngO n i y i i - - Ve mat hinh thdc, c i c t h u i t ngd d^u th^' hien viec thdi gia mdt chdc vy dang d i m nhiem trade khi hi't nhiem ky hoSc trade khi het thdl hgn daoc bo n h i i m , dadc cii;
- P h i i dadc ngadi, co quan ( c i p cd thim quyen) xem xet thdng qua trinh ta thCi tyc m i p h i p luat quy dinh,
Tuy nhien, cd rat n h i l u diem khac nhau nha sau:
T T TISu cm
s o s d n h
<3tii lu-ona
n h f l n (muc dO
ihuc men
_ _ J c ^ l 4 i 1 M,.„ „ „ i e m n g u e i d u o c b ^ u , b 6 n h i e t n
VI p h a m ky lu$t
q u a n cti thSm q u y « n d a b S u .
vi/a b| dOng) 1
C 6 i h ^ cJutjc bo" 1 B a i n h i a m Chf a p d u n g d6'i viSi nhOng n g i r f i i ViSc bSi n h i $ m
d ^ d S m n h l $ m n h i ^ m ki- '«>.
M 6 t h i n h t h a c ky luat c a o c u a v u a p di^ng d a , vi31 n h i i n g nguen t l a o c bSu c d .
D o n g u d i bSu hi©n ( h o a n t o a n bl d « n g )
c 6 I6i
— " - "
C d c h ChUc A p d u n g de'l v d i n h O n g n g u f l l auqlc b f i nhiOm h o s e
LS h i n h t h i l c kJ- lu$t c a o dtfi v d l c f i n bO, ViSn c h i l e c 6 bfi n h l $ m
D o CO q u a n c6 t h ^ m q u y S n d a bfi nhiOm h o a c d a cilr thUc h i $ n ( h o f i n t o f i n b| d « n g ) . H o f i n t o f i n c 6 I5l
K h f l n g dUQc b f i trf v a o a ^ o nDa.
Tin chi3c T S t c S nhCTng ngueii d u o c b^iu. d u p c CLf h o ^ c b f i
C l i n h i ^ u n g u y e n n h S n k h f i e n h a u
p h a m hay k h O n g v l Kufi't p h a t t i l n g u i i i c h u a o n g ta b 6 c h a c VIJ H o a n t o a n do n g a d i d a o n g hlOn ( h o f i n OOng)
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eaoc bfi tri
G h l c h t i T a chile gifing
Bfii nhi$m va efich ChUc gifing
Bfii n h l ^ m
Qua^sfl so sanh tren. m i l n nhiem ed the auoc hieu nhu sau: miSn nhiem la thuat ngtt
T":i'lTi'''"'^'-"B<'^^"Shdp,hica
c ca nhan co tham quydn quan. to chttc hoa.
TnrT T^' < ' " " ' " " " • "^"9'= cd hoae duoe he nhiem) thoi giO ehfle vu dang d i m
. u e ' L a . S m : ' . " " ' " " ' ^ ' ^ " ^ ^ " ^ " " ^ ' " ' ' ^ "
®
Ghi c h u :
(1) TO didn Larousse, 1986, tr.294.
(2) TO dign Bich khoa Viil Nam, t j p 2. Nxb Tfl dien Baeh khoa. H.2002, tr.915.
(3) TO dien Tidng Viil phd thdng, Nxb Thanh pho HS Chl Minh. 2002.
(4) HiSn phip Viit Nam nam 2013.
(5),(6) Luit cin bi, cdng chOc nim 2008.
To chiri. n h a nirot! s o 6 / 2 0 1 6
