J J ^ KHOA HOC VA CdNG NGH| MD
NGHIEN CUU DINH HlTflTNG TRANG Bj QU^T GIO CHINH TRONG N H O N G N A M TGfl CHO CAC MO HAM LO
KHAI THAC THAN VIET NAM
PGS.TS. O A N G VO C H ( - Tru&ng D^i hgc Md-Dja chit TS. DOAN DUY KHUYDN - T^p dodn Vinacomin
^ • 4 heo chiln lupc phat triln nganh than san P lupng khai thac than se dpt 51-58 tri^u tin
* vao nam 2015 va 75 tridu tin vao nam 2025 [3]. Hidn tpi cac md than him 16 vung Quang Ninh dang tiln hanh m i ring dipn san xuit theo huing ehuIn bj khai thac a cac muc sau. Hp thdng eac duong l i a nhilu m i nhu Mao Khe, Ha Lim, Thdng Nhit... da tdn tai hon nua the ky. Mang gib md cang ngay cang phuc tap hon Thai gian gin day, eae cing ty khai thae than him l i da chu trpng diu tu thilt bl thong gib nhim dap ifng yeu d u tang san luong khai thac, dam bao an toan san xuit trong qua trinh khai thac. O cae mo khai thac him 16, tram quat g i i chinh c i t h i eoi nhu hat nhan trong cing tac thong gib ehung cua toan md.
Do vay, can thuc hipn phan tich hipn trpng mifc dp dam bao thdng gio va xay dung co sa dmh huing trang bj eae quat gid chinh dap ifng yeu d u thdng gio cho cac md hipn tpi eung nhu tuang lai se khai thac bing phuong phap him 16.
1. Mpt s i t h i n g s i chu y l u dpc trirng cho hipn trying t h i n g g i i m i
Mang gib md la h§ thdng phifc tap v i i cac thong s i dmh tinh va dmh lupng anh huang lin nhau (so dd va phuang phap thing g i i , dp xuit khi m6 tan, SU'C can duong l i , sp phan phdi gii...). Trin t h i giii cijng nhu a Vipt Nam, kho e i t h i phan chia mang g i i m i thuc te thanh cae nhung nhim dae trung,'do tinh chit phifc tap cua tpp hap cie duing 16 a mo cung nhu nhifng bien ddi trong q u i trinh chuin bj san xuit va khai thic md Viee dam bao thbng g i i cho mo dupe thue hi$n bai qupt g i i chinh (thuang la mdt so tram qupt). Do tinh da dang cua mang g i i m i , cho nin tren thuc t l viic danh gia tinh hinh thing g i i chu y l u thi/c hi§n theo phuang phap "tir trong ra ngoii". D i y l i phuang
phap d l thi/c hi$n trin ca sa cac sd lieu khao sat eg t h i tai cac h i tieu thg gii va eac vi tri quan trie trong duing l i . Kit qua khao sat, danh gia nay se phan anh muc dd dam bao thing gii hipn tpi a mo va phgc vu ca sa dilu chinh chi d i iam vi0c ciia cac qupt gii chinh cQng nhu ap dyng eae bidn phap khae nhim cai thipn thanh phan khing khi m i va dilu kien vi khi hau tpi cae vj tri cing tic m i .
Tuy nhien, a giai dogn thilt ke mo cung nhu cai tao ma r6ng di§n khai thae, cac nha tu van cin phai xae djnh duac muc dp dap u'ng thong gio cua cae tram qupt hipn tai va giai phap tang cuing thing gio theo ke hopch san xuat trong tuang lai cua mo. Dilu nay chi c i t h i thuc hipn dupc tren CO so nghidn ciru sd lieu thdng ke v l cac thong s6 lien quan d i n c h i dp cong tac cua qupt gio chinh va mang g i i m i mpt each tdng t h i cua nhilu mo than khai thac him l i .
Trin ea sa khao sat thg-c t l a cae mo than khai thac him l i vung Quang Ninh. a day d l egp din cac thong sd li§n quan den tinh hinh th6ng gid chu ylu sau day:
• sd trpm qupt gib ehinh (n) va loai qupt dang sudgng;
•:• Tdng cing suit dpng ca cic qupt gii chinh hoal dpng (N,kW);
• Yiu d u luu lupng g i i spch ein dua vao mo (QycM, m^/s);
•:• Luu lupng g i i thuc t l qupt tao ra (Qq, mVs);
•:• Luu lupng g i i va h0 sd r i g i i ngoai (a tram qupt va khu vg'c r§nh gii); Qm, m^/s va kj,
•> Luu lupng gii ttiuc t i dua vao mo (Qm, m'/s).
Liin quan den eic thing sd niu trin, khi danh gia muc dp dam bao thing g i i nhit thilt phai xem xet hang mo theo khi nd metan cung nhu san lupng khai thac trong mpt ngay d i m cua md (A, T/ng-d). Tir cic sd Itpu khao sat va tinh toan cac thing sd n i u trin c6 t h i thg-c hi$n viic danh gia CONGNGHiePMOS03-2012
KHOA HOC VA CANG N G H C M 6
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tlnh hinh thong gib hipn tai eua mo cung nhu kha nang dap ifng yeu d u thdng g i i eua cac tram quat gio ehinh Kit qua danh gia nay phgc vg co so tinh toan, lua chpn cac quat g i i hop ly dam bao thong g i i cho cho cac giai doan phat triln san xuit trong tuang lai. Ngoai cac thong sd phan anh tlnh hinh thing gib neu tren, a day d l xuit mpt sd chf ti§u (hp sd) danh gia mifc dp dam bao luu lupng gib cho m i sau day:
• H i sd dam bao luu lupng gi6 theo san luong khai thac cung nhu d i xuit khi cua md. Ksi;
• Suit luu luong gi6 (q,) cho 1000T than khai thac, dan vi do la m^/(s.1000T).
He sd Ksi duoc tinh bing ty Ip giifa luu lupng gio saeh thuc t l di vao md va luu lupng g i i tinh theo san luong khai thac va hpng m i v l mue dp nguy hilm nd khi metan.
Trong thilt k l thdng g i i sa bp c i t h i lly Ksr1,3-1,6 tiiy thupc vao so d i thing gib cg Ihl cua mo [4]. Hp s i nay c i y nghTa rit quan trpng khi tiln hanh tinh toan luu lupng gib d n thilt cho md thilt k l m i l cung nhu ma ring san xuit va tang san luang khai thac.
2. Phan tich mifc dp dam bao lu'u lu'p'ng gio cua cac tram quat g i i chinh d* cac mo than h i m l i nuac ta va i* nudc ngoai
Theo sd lipu khao sat [2] tiln hanh tinh toan cac h$ sd nfeu tran cho cac mo than him 16 ehu yeu vung Quang Ninh (Bang 1). Kit qua tinh toan cho thay, theo sd li$u thdng k§ cua 11 mo, h0 s l Ksicb gia trj trung blnh la 1,40 (eao nhit bing 1,60 va nho nhat- 0,97). Kit hpp v i i eae kit qua khao sat truie day [1] c i t h i nhan xbt ring, hi$n tpi nhilu m i dang trong tinh trpng thieu gib spch, dii tren thuc t l trong eac du6ng 16 tde dp gid van khong nhd han gioi hpn cho ph6p theo Quy phpm an toan Tuy nhiin d n luu y va kilm tra thuang xuyen ndng dd cac khi co hai trong blu khbng khi md, dac bipt tpi cac guang 16 dang dao va tai cae khu khai thac Cung theo sd lieu khao sat d eac mo nay, dp r6 g i i a khu vyc eac trgm quat gib chinh va ranh gi6 trung binh bing 18 % luu lupng gib spch vao mo, luong g i i r i l i n nhit chilm 31 % va nhd nhat la 13 % lupng gib chung cua md. Theo huang din thilt k l thing g i i md him lb [4], day khong phai la lupng g i i r i qua lan.
Bdng 1. Mux: do ddm bdo thdng gid cua mdt s6 md than hdm Id a nuoc ngoai.
Mo Mo Belozer Mo Fmnde Mo Tentekskaia Silakiitinskaia Mo 50 nam CMT10 Mo Kostenko Karagandinskaia Mo Novaia M6Th10 Zenkovskaia Raspadskaia Mo Severnaia T&rtho'P -
A T/ng-a
9700 5640 7S00 5200 9440 11600 5100 4900 8300 6700 20240
7500 Hang mo
III 1 II II SH SH SH II III 1 li , • m -
i - : , - •,•
Qsl 242.5
94.0 156,2 108.3 236.0 290.0 127.5 102.1 207,5 111.7 .421.7 187,5
§.'- . Qm 199 198 473 326 769 709 285 199 216 237 863 397
Ka 0.82 2.11 3,03 3.01 3.26 2.44 2 24 1.95 1.04 2.12 2.05 2.12
. . . :,«•
qi 0.07 0.12 0.21 0.21 0.27 0.2 0.19 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.18
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Phan bS'Sia ttieo cic h Qu
31.7- 24.7 12.7 12.0 15,1 24.0 21.4 16.9 14.2 47.3 20.6 37,5 25.4
:QCI, '11.2 10.1 41,6 44,7 45,0 29,8 37,9 29,0 32,4 25,3 36,6 17,1 .28,8
QM 8.0 11,6 8,0 6.4 8.8 5.6 5.8 9.0 8.3 7,6 7,0 7.3 8,29.
? tieu thg (%) Qdi 32.0 19.7 21.7 31.0 26.0 31,0 28,0 6.0 3.0 7.0 5.0 2^0;
1®s
Qr, 17,0 34.0 16.0 6.0 5,0 9.6 7,0 39,0 42,0 13 30,8
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Ss.o
Niu tinh luu lupng gio rieng (qO cho 1000 T/nam san lupng khai thac, se nhan thiy tn sd nay e6 gia tn trung binh la 0,073 mVs (nhd nhit a cac md c i khi hang I nhu Nam Mlu, Vang Danh... va cao nhit tai cde mo c i khi hpng cao nhu Mao Khi, Khe Cham). Tuy nhien, so v i i cae md than him l i o nuac ngoai. luu lupng gid rieng d cae md than Quang Ninh v i n c i n a muc d i khiem tdn. D i i u nay d6i h i i can phai tinh d i n khi trang bi mai eac quat gio chinh cho cic mo trong eae nam tilp theo.
D l e i t h i d l xuit ca sa xac djnh luu luong g i i sgch can dua vao md a day tiln hanh phan tich them cic sd lipu dgc trung cho tinh hinh thing g i i o nhCrng mo than khai thac than him 16 eua cac n u i c SNG. Tif s i liiu eua 78 mo than [4] trong khuon khd bai bao nay giii thipu eae thong sd ehu ylu v l hien trgng thong gi6 cua 12 md than v i i san luang khai thac tif 1,5 d i n 6,0 Tr. T/nam.
Qua s l lipu khao sat va tinh toan gioi thipu trong Bang 1 trin nhan thiy ring, luu lupng g i i spch thg-c t l dua vao cac mo rit khic nhau, dCi c i nhO'ng mo
C 6 N G N G H I £ P M O S 0 3 - 2 0 1 2
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KHOAHOCVACONGNGHIMO cung hang khi nd va san lupng khai thae tu'ongd u o n g . Tuy nhien, he sd dam bao luu lupng gib Ksi trong cac md than ham 16 d n u a c ngoai cb gia trj trung binh b i n g 2,77, cao g i n gap doi so v i i eae md than vung Quang Ninh n u o c la. Cung tii' sd li^u t h i n g ke tai cac md trong bang nay cho thay ty 1$ p h l n bd gib cho cac hg lieu thu gib n h u sau. luu lupng gib cho cac 16 cho QM trung binh chiem 25,4 %; cho cac g u a n g 16 khi dao Qtt>=28,6 %; ddi v i i cac h i m trgm d n cung d p Qht=8,3 %; l u p n g gi6 rb trong md trung binh Q,g=18 % va dd duy tri cac d u o n g l i Qcii=19,7 % luu lupng gio chung di vao md. Ty Ip nay c6 I h l s u dung iam ca s d de tinh toan s a b6 tdng luu luang gi6 d n t h i l t dd th6ng gid eho mb m d rpng di^n san x u i t hoac md t h i l l k l m o i
3. Danh gia va giai p h a p d j n h h u a n g dam bao t h i n g g i i c h o m i khai thae ham l i & nud'c ta
v l cac trgm gib chinh' n h i l u md than khat thac p h l n khoang sang than a dp sau ehua l i n va ap dung he thdng thong gib boi n h i l u trgm qugt gi6 chinh a cac khu, cac canh cua rupng md Cae mo Hdng Thai, Quang Hanh va D u a n g Huy da trang bi tai 7-8 tram quat gib hiit Hien tgi, s a dd thong gio nay cb t h i c h i p nhan Tuy nhien, khi mo khai thac o do sau lan h a n va lang san l u p n g khai thac, d n phai tang c u a n g nang luc eong tac cua cac quat gi6 chinh va d u a gib vao m d theo cac d u o n g lb v o i t i l t dien du lan hogc tang sd d u a n g l i d i n gib sach vao md H l u h i t eae mo than h i m lb viing Quang Ninh dang sif dung cac quat gio h u a n g true. Trong t u a n g lai, d l i v a i mang gio md sire can lan d n xem xet p h u a n g an trang bi cac quat ly tam di thong gib ehung cho toan m d .
Bdng 3. So sanh mot so chi tieu dam bao luu lugng gid trong cdc md than ham Id & nudc ta vd nu&c ngoai.
Chi tieu He s6 lu'u lu'ang gio theo san lu'ang khai thac Suat lu'u luong gio He so ro gio ngoai
Ky hieu
K T B K m a , Kmin Q l m /1000T
kRG
Cac mo than Viet Nam 1.40 1,60 0,97 0,073 1 18
C^cmo than nud'c
ngo^i 2,77 3,26 0,82 0,186
1,16 Ve luu l u p n g gib chung dd thbng gio cho cae md: Theo k i t qua tinh l o a n d u a ra trong Bang 3 eho t h i y s u i t luu l u p n g gio (q,) tinh trung binh eho lOOOTthan ciia cac md than d n u a c ngoai cao gap 2,5 l i n so vai cac md than n u a c ta. N i u quy cac m d cua n u a c ngoai v l hgng mo theo khi nd t u o n g d u o n g voi mo than vting Q u a n g Ninh, s u i t l u u l u a n g gio cua ho v i n cao 2,1 i i n . Nhin chung, luu
lu'png gib chung d u a vao cac md a n u o c la con thap (Tgi cac n u i c thupc S N G l u u l u p n g gib vao md khoang 200-250 m^/s va l i n h a n ; d Ba Lan lifu l u p n g gib trung binh vao mdt m i la 450 m^/s).
Trong 10 nSm g i n day, a A n h luu l u p n g gio d l th6ng gib cho 16 c h p da lang 3-4 l i n (hien tai khoang 20-25 m^/s) [4]. N h u v^y, n h l l t h i l t cac mo phai tang c u i n g l u u l u p n g gi6 cho loan md (ke ca v i i sa l u p n g khai thac hien tai).
Giai phap d a m bao t h i n g g i i chung eho cac mo h i m 16 trong cac n a m t i i . l u u l u p n g g i i chung dua vao mgng gi6 mo la y l u td q u a n trpng trong cong tac dam bao luu l u p n g gi6 y6u d u eho cac ho tieu thu Tren t h p c te trong cae m d khai thac than him 16 cbng lac phan phdi gi6 phai t i l n hanh thuang xuyen do sd l u p n g g u a n g 16 c h p va 16 c h u i n bj khong dn dinh (cac h6 khae n h u h i m , tram va l u p n g gib d l duy Irl cac d u o n g 16 it b i l n dgng hon). Khi y§u d u v l l u u l u o n g gib cho cac ho lang len, bipn phap u n g phb kip t h a i khong phai do-n gian, n i u n h u khong t h i l t k l luu l u p n g gib d u trii chung cho l o a n m i . D u a tren cac dae d i l m cua he thdng d u a n g lb cung n h u s o dd t h i n g gib cua cac mo than h i m 16 Q u a n g Nmh va tham khao s6 lieu t h i n g k6 cua n h i l u m i than o n u o c ngoai, co I h l d l x u i l gia trj trung binh Ksi=2,5. Day la c o so phgc vu viec tlnh toan l u u l u a n g gib yeu d u d l dinh h u a n g trang bi cbc quat gib ehinh eho mo khi khai thac xudng sau eung n h u t h i l t ke cac mo m i l .
4. K e t l u a n
*> Giai phap d u a vao m i l u u l u a n g gib tuang ddi l i n , theo quan d i l m v l thbng gi6 m d hdm 16, se tao t i l n d l cho c i n g tac an toan v l khi nd, ding thoi cung la mpt trong nhO'ng bipn phap gop phln lam giam nhipt dp k h i n g khi m d va cai thien dilu kien iam vipe trong h i m t i ,
• D I dap i f n g yeu d u m a rpng dien san xuit va tang san l u p n g khai thac than cho cac md him 16, d n trang bj va xay d u n g eae trgm qugt chinh v i i hp sd d a m bao l u u l u p n g gid it nhat b i n g 2,5.
N i u mgng gio c6 sire can l a n , d n s u dung cac quat ly tam d l t h i n g g i i chung eho loan md;
•:• Song song v o l viee tang c u a n g luu lupng gio eho mo e i n m a rdng t i l t d i i n cac d u o n g 16 d i n gio sach hoac bd sung t h e m d u o n g d i n gib vao mb.D
TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O 1 D g n g V u C h i , 2 0 1 0 . Bao eao tdng k i t de tai
"Nghien c i f u hoan thipn he thong t h i n g g i i khi khai thae xuong s i u a eac mo than h i m l i Uong bi- Mao k h i dap i f n g yeu d u tang san l u o n g khai thac than" T r u a n g Dpi hpc Md-Dia e h l t .
(Xem tiep trang 25) CONG NGHIEP MO SO 3 - 2 0 1 2
