?{gkien ahi • Traci
KINH TE BIEN VIET NAM:
TIEM NANG, Ldl T H I , KHO KHAN, THACH THQC
VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN
GS, TS. Chu Vdn Cd'p<'>
ThS. Nguyin Ba Ninh<">
H
di nghj Idn thd tu BCH TLf D i n g Cdng s i n Viet Nam khda X da dua ra Nghj quydt vd "Chidn lupc bidn Viet Nam dd'n nam 2020", theo dd, phan ddu de nudc ta trd thanh qud'c gia manh vd bien, giau len td bien... Phan ddu ddn nam 2020, kinh te bien ddng gdp 53-55% GDP, 55-60% kim nggch xuat khau eua e l nudc... Nhdng chi tidu ndy ndi Idn tdm quan trqng cua bidn Viet Nam trong qud trinh xay dpng va phlt trien ddt nudc. Bai viet nay gdp phdn phdn tich tidm nang, Ipi the, thach thdc va mdt sd gili phap co b i n nhdm phlt tridn kinh td bidn trong thdi gian tdi.1. Vai net ve kinh te bien va nhufng d$c trUng cua no
Bien ddng vai trd quan trpng cho sp phlt trien kinh te cua mdi qudc gia ed bien, dieu nay Igi cang quan trpng hdn khi nen kinh
<"' Hpc vien Chinh trj - Hanh chfnh qudc gia H 6 Chi Minh
'"'Trudng Chinh tn tinh Ninh Thuan
td cua mdi qudc gia chju sp t i c ddng m^nl me eua qua trinh toan cau hda va hdi nhaf qudc td. Phat trien kinh td bidn da va dan;
id chidn lupc cua nhidu qudc gia c6 bien Kinh td bidn la gi? Kinh td biln la m5 khu vpc hay mdt vung kinh td, khdng giai kinh td de phdn biet vdi vung kinh te da lidn, cung gidng nhu khi ndi tdi kinh td ndn;
thdn la de phan biet vdi kinh td thanh th trong mdt qud'c gia. Kinh td bien la toni thd c l c hogt ddng kinh te didn ra trdn bill (kinh td thudn bien), ven bien vd hlidao;la nglnh (Itnh vpc) kinh td hay khdng gian kinh td "mang tinh tdng hpp, da ngdnh", baogSm c l Ipc lupng san xuat: Ipc lupng lao ddng, cO sd vat chat ky thuat, khoa hoe - cdng nghe- va he thdng quan he s i n xudt {cac chu the cua kinh td bidn, cac to^i hinh doanh nghi§p.
cac lo^i hinh t6 ehdc san xuat - kinh doanb trong kinh td bien).
Kinh te b i l n la Ffnh vpc kinh te hay
"khdng gian kinh td" dupe edu thanh b6i nhieu thdnh td khac nhau, nhung ed the khai quit thanh 3 bo phan ca ban:
Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 3/201^
9{ghien ahi - Trao doi
- Nudi trong va khai thic hai sin: Hoat ddng kinh td nay bao gom nudi trong; khai thae cac loai sinh vat sdng d bien, nhU: ca, cac loai nhuyin the (ngao, sd...), cac loai thpc vat bien va cae hoat dpng khac lien quan den nudi trong, khai thlc sinh vat bien va nghe iam muoi td nude bien.
- Cdng nghi$p trong kinh te bien, gdm:
tham dd, khai thae va che bien khoang s i n , dau khi ngoai bien, cdng nghidp nang lupng td gid, sQc nUde thuy trieu.,. (nang lUPng bien), cdng nghiep xSy dpng ket edu ha tang dap Qng yeu edu phat trie'n cac ngdnh, ITnh vUc eua kinh td bien.
- Dich vu trong kinh te bien, gdm: djch vu hdng h i i , djch vu logistics, lai dat tau bien, cing bien va du lich bien dIo va vung ven bien, dich vu thdng tin kinh td..
Kinh td bien ed nhieu dac trUng, song cd the khdi quat thanh 3 dac trQng ndi bat la: (1) Hoat ddng san xuat - kinh doanh ludn gdn vdi khai thae loi the, tiem nang, tai nguyen bien; (2) Viec to ehdc s i n xuat - kinh doanh php thupc rat nhieu vao dieu kien tu nhien, chu ky sinh vat va vj tri khdng gian vung bien; (3) Kinh td bien g i n vdi chu quyen lanh thd qud'c gia, do dd, phai "gin phat trien kinh te bien vdi d i m b i o quoc phdng-an ninh bao ve chu quydn vung bie'n".
2. Tiem nang, Idi the' va khd khan, thach thdc ddi vdi phat trien kinh te bien
a) NhQng tiem nang, Ipi the
• Nudc ta tidp giap vdi bien Ddng d ca 3 hudng: Ddng, Tdy va Nam, bd biSn dii 3.260 km, trung binh cU 100 km^ dat lien cd 1 km bd bien. ty le nay cao gdp 6 lan so vdi the gidi. Dien tich bien thupc chu quyen, quydn tai phan qudc gia (bao gom vung npi thuy, lanh hIi, vung tiep gidp, vung dac quyen kinh te, them luc dja) khoang 1 trieu km^, gap 3 lan dien tich lanh tho trdn dd't lien; cd gan 3 nghin hdn d I o ven bd (trong dd: 24 dao cd dien tich trdn 10 km^, 82 dao cd didn tich hon 1 km^, dac biet, 3 dao ed
Khoa hpc chinh trj - Sd 3/2012
dien tich trdn 100 km^ dd Id: Phu Qud'c, Cat Ba, Cai Bdu) va 2 quan dac Hoang Sa va TrUdng Sa (vdi 12 qudn dIo) ndm giQa bien Ddng thudc chu quyen khdng the tranh cai eua Vidt Nam. C l c vung bien, dIo ndm trgn dja gidi hanh chlnh thudc 28 tinh, 125 huyen ven bien, trong dd cd 12 huyen dIo Dien tich cua rieng hai dIo, qudn dIo Id 1.656 km^, trong dd 68 d I o thudng xuyen ed dan lam an sinh sdng, vdi 155 nghIn ngudi. Cac hai dIo va qudn dao la 1 bd phan thdng nhat eua lanh tho Viet Nam, ed vai trd cue ky quan trpng trong vide thpc hien hai nhiem vu chien lupc: xSy dUng va b i o ve To qudc.
Dpe bd bidn cd nhieu vjnh dep nhu: Bdi Td Long, Ha Long, Van Phong, Nha Trang (1 trong nhQng vjnh dep nhat hanh tinh) va Cam Ranh; 125 bai bien cd canh quan dep;
ed 90 cing bien Idn nhd (trong dd 10 cing idn ed nang Ipc van chuyen qua cang tren 1 trieu tan/nam) va gan 100 dja diem cd the xay dung cang, ke ca cang trung chuyen qudc te.
- 7a/ nguyen bien
+ Dau khi va khiddt: Trong so cac ngudn tai nguyen bien d nude ta, trUdc hdt phai ke' ddn ngudn nang lupng dau khi, khi ddt. Tren vung bien rdng hdn 1 trieu km^ cd tdi 500 nghin km^ nam trong vung trien vpng cd dau khi; trQ lupng d ngoai khdi mien Nam chiem khoang 25% trQ lupng dau dUdi day bie'n Ddng, ed the khai thdc td 30-40 nghin thung/
ngay (mdi thung 159 lit), kholng 20 tneu tan/nam, TrQ lUdng dau khi dp bao eua toan them Ipc dia Viet Nam khoang 10 ty tan quy dau, trQ lupng khai thae 4-5 ty tan. TrQ lUPng khi ddng hdnh 250-300 ty m^. Ngoai dau va khi dd't, dudi day bien nUde ta cdn cd nhieu khoang s i n quy (thidc, ti tan, nhdm, ddng..,).
+ Ngudn Ipi hai san: Theo cac sd lieu dieu tra, ngudn hIi s i n d vung bien nude ta dupe ddnh gia vao loai phong phd trong khu vpc. Ngoai ca bien la ngudn Idi ehinh, cdn nhieu loai hai san cd gia tri kinh td cao.
32 iA(ghidncm- Trao^
nhU: tdm, cua, mpe, h I i sdm... Ridng cd bidn da phat hidn hdn 2 nghin lodi khac nhau, trong dd trdn 100 lodi cd g i l trj kinh td cao, tdng trQ lUpng ude tinh kholng 4,2 tri$u tdn, vdi ngUdng khai thlc bdn vQng 1,4-1,7 tri^u tdn/nam. Nudi trdng thdy s i n cQng 11 thd mpnh dem Ipi ngudn Ipi Idn cho ddn cU sdng d vung ven bid'n, bdi dpe ven bidn cd 37 vgn ha mat nadc cdc lopl cd k h i ndng nudi trdng thuy s i n nudc m$n - Ip v l 50 vgn ha cd eo vjnh ndng, ddm, p h i ven bd I I mdi trudng rdt thu$n Ipi dd phlt tridn nudi c l va d$c s i n bien.
+ Vd t l i nguydn sinh vdt, ddn nay chung ta da phdt hidn hpn 11 nghin loll sinh vat cU tru trong hPn 20 kidu hd sinh thai didn hinh thudc ve 6 vung da dgng sinh hpc bien vd nhidu loll ddng vat quy hidm khac. Rpn san hd la he sinh thai biln nhidt ddi dien hinh khdng chi cd d vung bien phia Blc Viet Nam, ma cdn la mdt trong nhQng vung bien cd tUdng san hd da dang cao trdn thd gidi, vdi khoang 350 loai thudc 72 gidng...
Thim ed bien Id he sinh thai ed nang sudt sinh hpc cao va cd y nghta quan trpng ddi vdi nhidu loai sinh vat bien. Theo thdng ke tai 23 diem, thudc 12 tinh, da phat hien dUdc 15 loai cd bidn sdng trong c l c thIm ed vdi didn tich 5.853 ha.
+ RQng ngdp man la hd sinh thdi vQa ngdp nadc vQa khdng ngap nudc, cd gia tn kinh td quan trpng, la ngudn da dpng sinh hpc phong phd eua cac hd sinh thli, la ndi cu tru, sinh s i n cua nhidu loll thuy s i n , chim, thu...; la ndi cung cdp va duy tri ddi sdng sinh vat bien. Ngoai ra, rdng ngap man cdn cd vai trd chd'ng xdi Id vd la bd Ipc tp nhidn eac chdt thai d nhidm d Ipc dia do sdng mang ra.
- Tii nguyen du lich biSn cilia Vidt Nam cung la mdt Uu thd d i e bidt md ra tridn vpng Idn de khai thae vd phat trien tdng hpp. Dpe bd bien nudc ta cd 125 bai bidn cd eInh quan dpp (trong dd cd nhidu bai bidn dai
15-18 km) va nhidu bdi bidn cd chidu di 1 -2 km du didu kidn dd khai t h l c , phlt trig du Ijch bidn, cd 20 bai b i l n dat tidu chu^
qud'c td.
Mdt sd dja danh du lich bien cua Vi^
Nam da dupe bidt ddn trdn phpm vi todn c^u nhu Vjnh Hg Long, hai Idn ddpc UNESC(
dupe cdng nhdn 11 di s i n thidn nhidn thi gidi, hi$n dang ndm trong danh sich cai ky quan thidn nhidn thd gidi. Bai bidn BE Ndng ddpc Tpp chf Forbes bdu chpn la mfl trong 6 bai tdm quydn ru nhdt hdnh tinh. Cc thd ndi, tidm ndng du Ijch bidn cua nUdcte khdng thua kdm bdt ky qudc gia nlo tronj khu vpc.
- Biin Vi0t Nam c6 gia trj tii nguydn v.
thS ri't cao - vj tri dia • kinh tS
Viet Nam n l m d bd Tay eua bien Ddng - mdt trong 6 bidn Idn nhdt thd gidi va thudc logi quan trpng nhdt cua khu vi/c chdu A Thai Binh Duong, cung nhU cija thd gidi. Bien Ddng la mdt khu vpc cd tuy^r dudng bien nhdn nhjp thd 2 the gidi. Dilm ndi bat Id trong sd 10 tuydn hdng hIi, co 5 tuydn di qua bien Ddng. Vung bidn Viel Nam ndm "an ngd" tuyen hang hai va hang khdng huydt mgch giQa An Dp DUdng va Thai Binh DQdng, la edu ndi giQa chdu An - Trung e$n Ddng sang Nhdt B i n , di Trung Qud'c ddn cac nude trong khu vpc Dong Nam A. Hdng ndm, kholng 70% lUdng dau nhdp khdu td Trung Ddng va Ddng Nam A, kholng 45% hang xudt khdu eua Nh^t, 60% hang xudt nhdp khdu eua Trung Qu^c dupe vdn chuydn qua bien Ddng. Theo 6ng Phgm Khdi Nguydn, nguydn Bp trUdng B6 Tdi nguydn - Mdi trUdng, trong mdt vai thap kjf tdi, vdi tdc dp tang trudng kinh te cao cua cac nUdc trong khu vpc, khoi lUdng v§fi chuydn hang hda qua bien Ddng se tSng gdp 2-3 Idn hidn nay, khi dd bien Ddng no chung va vung bien Vidt Nam ndi ridng cane cd vai trd to Idn trong thuong xx\a.\ thd gicii Vung bien Viet Nam se trd thanh cau d
Khoa hpc chinh trj - sd 3/2011
9{ghien ahi - Trao doi
luan trpng de phlt trien thUdng mgi qudc td 'd md rdng giao luu vdi cac nudc trong khu 'Uc va thd gidi.
Ngodi ra, bien nUdc ta cdn ndm tren JUdng giao thdng quoc te tQ Ddng sang ray, td Bac ddn Nam, nen cd vj tri qudn sp idt sde quan trpng. Ddng tren vung bidn - Jao cua Viet Nam cd the quan sit, khdng
;he dudng giao thdng huyd't mach d Ddng
^Jam A.
Tdm lai, Viet Nam la qud'c gia sd hQu Jidn tich Idn trong vung bien Ddng; bd bidn /idt Nam giau va dpp, bien dIo'Vidt Nam cd 3ia trj tai nguyen d vj the rdt cao, cd nhieu igudn tdi nguyen phong phu, da dpng vdi rQ Idpng va quy md thudc loai kha, cho 3hep phat trien nhieu Itnh vpc kinh td bien
^uan trpng. Dai hdi Idn thU XI cua Ding dd ihan manh: "Phat trien manh kinh te bien Udng xdng vdi vj the vd tiem nang bien cCia lUdc ta"<^i.
b) NhQng khd khin, thich thQc doi vdi ihit triin kinh te bien
Mot la, quy mo kinh te bien con nhd be 7hUa tUdng xQng vdi tiem nang. Idi the mi 'hien nhien ban tang
Cd the nhan djnh mdt each khai quat:
)U phat trien eua kinh td bien Viet Nam cdn ihd be. Quy md kinh te bien chi dat khoang Idn 10 ty USD (trong khi san lupng kinh te jien the gidi Ude dat 1.300 ty USD, Nhat:
i68 ty USD, Han Qud'c Id 33 ty USD); cd sd la tang vung ven bien, vung bien va hIi dIo :dn qua nhd va thd'p kem. He thd'ng cang ihd, thiet bj lac hau, chUa dong bd ndn hidu
| u l thap. Cac ehi tidu hang thdng qua cing/
lau ngudi rat thap so vdi cac nadc trong khu '\Jc (chi bang 1/140 cilia Singapore, 1/7 cua /lalaysia va 1/5 cilia Thai Lan). Trinh dp khai hac bien dang d trong tinh trpng lac hdu, :hUa that hieu q u i . Theo PGS, TS. Nguyen
' DCSVN, Van kien D$i hgi dai bieu tokn quoc in thaXI. Nxb CTQG, HN. 2011, tr.121
Chu Hdi, Vidn trudng Vidn Kinh td vd Quy hoach Thuy s i n (Bd Thu^ sin), nang Ipc khai thae bidn eCia Viet Nam chi bang 1/7 ciJa Han Qud'c, 1/94 cilia Nhdt B i n , 1/260 cua thd gidi. Tdi nguyen biln thudc dang tai nguyen chia s i , chda dpng "ydu td khdng gian"; la tidn dd de phdt tridn da nganh, song qudn ly bien, dIo hidn nay v l n theo each tidp cdn md "didn tu, ngU chung", quIn ly theo nganh, vdi nhidu cd quan quIn ly khac nhau va chij ydu quan tdm ddn vdn dd chCi quyen, an ninh trdn bidn...; quIn ly tai nguydn, mdi trudng bien xem nhU cdn "bd trdng"
Hai li, khu vUc bien Ddng hidn dang cd tranh chi'p
Van de khai thdc bien trd thanh moi quan tam mang tinh chien lupc cua hau hdt cdc qudc gia trdn thd gidi, ke c l qud'c gia cd bidn v l khdng cd bien. Bdi, trong didu kien cac ngudn tai nguyen, khoang s i n trdn ddt lidn ngay cdng can kiet, bien ngay cang dapc quan tdm hpn. Mat khac, sU bung ndi dan sd trdn the gidi ngay cang gia tang (dan so the gidi nam 2011 la 7,0 ty, dp bdo nam 2015 la 7,5 ty ngudi). Day ehinh la nguyen nhan lam cho khdng gian kinh td truydn thdng trd nen "chdt chdi". Nhieu qudc gia bat ddu hudng ra bidn va nght ddn clc phUdng an bidn bien va hIi d I o thanh "lanh dja", thanh khdng gian kinh td mdi. Do dd, khdng phli ngau nhien khi cd ludn diem cho ring: "Thd ky XXI la the ky eua bien vd dai dUdng".
Bie'n Ddng la bien nda kin d Thai Binh DUdng va tidp giap 9 nudc: Vidt Nam, Trung Qudc, Camphuehia, Thdi Lan, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines.
Ldi ich thidt thdn cua hang trdm trieu con ngudi thudc 9 nude lien quan g i n chat vdi cac hoat ddng trdn bien Ddng. Ddng thdi, nhieu nude khdc cung ed Ipi ich d nhQng mdc dp khac nhau trong vide sd dung vung bien nay theo cae quy djnh cilia Cdng Ude ve Luat bien nam 1982. TQ nhQng nam 1970, nhat la cudi nhQng nam 1980 va hien nay, tinh hinh hoc hoc chinh trj-Sd3/2012
lidn quan ddn qudn d I o Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa thudc chu quydn khdng thd tranh cai cda Viet Nam ludn bidn ddng, phdc tpp: x l y ra tranh chdp chili quydn vd quydn tdi phan qud'c gia cua Vidt Nam cung nhQng xung ddt giQa eac qud'c gia... Tinh hinh dd de dpa ddn hda binh vd 6n dinh trong todn khu vpc bidn Ddng va gay khd khan cho vide hpp t i c , hdi nhap qud'c td dd phdt tridn kinh td bien
Ba li. nguy cd inh hudng n$ng n4 cua bid'n d6i khi hiu vi nudc biin ding cao
Vidt Nam 11 mdt trong 5 nudc chju t i c ddng nang nd nhdt eua bidn ddi khi hdu v l nude bidn ddng, ddc bidt id vung ven biln va 2 ddng blng (sdng Hdng vd sdng CQu Long), npi tap trung tidm nang cua ndn ndng nghiep va nghd ca nhd, lien quan ddn sinh kd truydn thong cua 20 trieu ddn. Theo Bao cao cua WB va IPPCC (IJy ban Lidn chinh phCi ve bien ddi khi hlu), ehl can nUde bidn dang cao 1m se cd k h i nang "khCing hoIng sinh thai", anh hudng tdi 11% dan sd va 12%
didn tich cua Viet Nam. Ndu nude bien dang cao 5m thi 16% dat ven bien bj ngdp nUde, de dpa cudc sdng eija 35% ddn sd vd 35%
GDP cua dat nudc. Trong khi dd, sp hieu bidt vd bidn ddi khi hau cua Vidt Nam chu yeu dpa vao kd't q u i nghien edu cua cae to ehdc qud'c td. "Chien lUdc qud'c gia vd Qng phd vdi bidn ddi khi hau", "Dp an bidn dd'i khi hdu d chdu A - Viet Nam", "Chuong trinh hdnh ddng thich dng vdi bidn ddi khi hdu"...
mdi dupe xay dpng va b i t ddu trien khai.
Bon li. mdi trudng bien dang chiu nhiSu ap luc gay d nhiem nghiem trpng
Mdi trudng bidn dang bj d nhilm vd thoai hda nghiem trpng, dd la mdt thpc td.
Theo nghien edu cua To chQc Mdi trudng, mdi trudng nude bidn ven bd dang p h l i chiu nhieu I p luc, do: •
- Su gia tang dan so va phat trien dd thj vung ven bien. M5i ngdy cac dd thj nay da thai ra bien td 5.200 - 10.300 tdn chdt thai, ngoai ra, hang nghin tan chat t h l i nguy
hgi khdc chUa qua xd ly nhU: chat thli rj Id ldng... ddu md phi khoang s i n , trong d nadc t h l i cdng nghidp tdu bien chda har lupng cao ddu kholng, hda chdt tay rilra,„ij, dpa nghidm trpng chdt lUdng nude bidn.
- cae vp va chgm tau thuydn trdn b\t Ilm trdn d l u . . eung Id nguydn nhdn'gay nhidm mdi trudng b i l n .
- Cung vdi vide ddy mgnh sin xui ndng nghidp, nudi trdng, danh bat v l che bidn thuy s i n , hogt ddng khai thlc khoang s i n , phat tridn giao thdng van t l i biln, do lich... ddu I l m gia tdng lupng chdt thli nguj hgi trong mdi trudng nude biln,..
Hau q u i Id:
+ Do sde dp cua hoat ddng kinh tl,c nhiem mdi trudng va thien tai, cac hd sini) thai, ndi ca trd cua cac loai sinh v§t bi^
bj pha huy, nhat la rdng ngap mdn, thair cd bien, ran san hd... Theo danh g i l cuaBf Thuy s i n , hoat ddng s i n xudt giai do^ntii ndm 1985-2000 da pha di 15 nghin hanjrc ngapman/nam. Nam 2002, Vien Tainguyer the gidi da dUa ra canh bao ring, 80°o ra- san hd bien eua Viet Nam ndm trong tir trang rui ro cao, Theo d i n h g i l cua Vie H I i dudng hoc. Bp Thuy s i n , kholng 8:
loll hai s i n da dupe xep vao mdc dp ngu cap khac nhau, trong dd 70 loat ed ten iror;
danh sach dd cua Vidt Nam nhung vant ddi tUpng bj khai thlc,
+ Nude b i l n dang bi due hda do hao lupng bun da vupt qua gidi hgn cho phej ddi vdi nudc bien ven bd tpi nhieu bai bi^i cCia nude ta.
+ Trong 5 ndm qua, he sinh thai (th§f cd bien) da gilm V2. Hidn tupng thuj triei dd cung da xudt hidn d cac vung bilnlif Khanh Hda, Ninh Thudn, Binh Thuan-v, da tieu diet mdt luong Idn tdm, cua, ca,sa hd, rong biln...
3. Nhang gili phap phat trien kinhl bien
De phat triln manh kinh td biln t # Khoa hpc chinh tri - So 3/2C
9{ghien aiu - Trao doi
xdng vdi tiem ndng va vj the cua bien nude ta, can cd mdt he thong giai phap mang tinh toln dien, dap dng yeu cau phat then kinh te bien trudc mdt v l lau dai, tQ doi mdi tU duy ve phat trien kinh te bien, ddn tao mdi trudng thuan Idi va on djnh, cae gili phap kinh te, ky thuat v l hdp tdc qud'c td vd phdt triln kinh te bien...
Dudi day, Chung tdi xin trinh bay mpt so giai phap chu ydu:
ThU nhi't, duy tri moi trudng hda binh, dn dinh tren bien Ddng
Nhu da ndi d tren, khu vac bien Ddng danged nhQng tranh chap, nhdng bd't ddng , vi the gili phdp trade tidn dd phat tridn kinh te bien la duy tri mdi trUdng hda binh, on djnh trdn bien Ddng.
Mdt mdi trudng hda binh, on djnh trdn biln Ddng cd tac dung tich cue doi vdi viec md rdng giao luu thUPng mai, kinh te, van hda, ehinh trj giQa eac nudc trong khu vpc va the gidi. Gili quyet cac bat dong, tranh chap thdng qua thUdng lUdng hda binh, tdn trpng nhau, binh dang cung cd Ipi la nguyen tac cd b i n trong quan he qud'c td, dUpc ghi trong Hien chUdng Lien hiep qud'c vd Cdng Ude ve Luat bien nam 1982.
Ddi vdi eac bdt ddng, tranh chap trdn bien Ddng, Dang vd Nha nUdc ta nhd't quan chiJ trUdng: khdng sd dung hoac de dpa dung vu lac, giai quyet mau thudn thdng qua thuong lupng hda binh trdn cd sd tdn trpng ddc lap chu quyen, toan ven lanh th6, phu hdp vdi ludt phap qudc te, dac biet la Cdng Ude ve Luat biln nam 1982 cilia Lien hiep qud'c, Tuydn bd ve each Qng xd cua cae bdn d bien Ddng (DOC), thdc day xdy dpng mdt bd quy tdc ang xd (COC) d bien Ddng - mdt cdng cp xay dpng ldng tin, nhdm tim kiem nhQng giai phdp cd ban, dn djnh, lau dai, dap dng Ipi ich chinh dang cua c l c bdn, tidn tdi xdy dung bien Ddng thanh vung biln hda binh, hpp tac va phat then.
ThU hai, bio ve mdi trudng biSn
Bio vd mdi trudng, trong dd cd mdi tradng bien la van de sdng cdn, cap bach, vi mdi trudng anh hudng Idu dai, sdu sde ddn ddi sdng, san xuat, sp phdt trien va tdn tai cua cac qud'c gia, De thuc hien muc tieu phat trien ben vQng va coi kinh td bien la mui nhpn, can coi trong cdng tdc b i o ve mdi trudng bidn theo hudng:
- Tang cUdng cdng tac tuyen truydn, giao due nhdm nang cao nhan thQc ve tam quan trpng va vai trd cua mdi trudng ndi chung, mdi trudng bien ndi ridng trong phat trien theo hudng ben vQng;
- Tridn khai rdng rai chu trUdng xa hdi hda bio vd mdi trudng biln d l huy ddng cae ngudn luechocdngtacbaovemditradngbien, - Tang cudng hdp tdc quoc te de giam sat cac ngudn t h l i ra bien td cac nUdc khac.
Tranh thu sp hd trd eua qudc td cho hoat ddng giam sat, quan ly ve d nhidm, cung bao ve mdi trUdng bien;
- Danh ngan sach thich hpp de dau tu cho cdng tdc b i o ve mdi trudng bien;
- De xuat vdi ASEAN vd cac nude trong khu vpc thidt lap mdt he thdng chung de kiem tra, giam sat va xd ly d nhiSm mdi trUdng tren bien Ddng.
ThU ba, nhdm cac giai phip mang "tinh cu th§" vi quan trong
- Day manh cdng tac didu tra, khao sat, nghien edu vd tdi nguyen, mdi trudng bien...
phuc vu cho vide xay dung, hoan thidn quy hoach, kd hoach phat triln kinh te bien;
- Tang cadng dau tU vdn cho phat trien kinh te biln theo hadng da dang hda cdc ngudn vdn dau tU; dau tu ed trpng tam, trpng diem va ndng cao hieu qua dau tU;
- Day manh dng dung khoa hpc - cdng nghe ve bien, xdy dung nen khoa hpc- cdng nghe biln hien dai,
- Dao tao ngudn nhdn lUc phuc vu kinh te bien. Bdi hien nay trong cae nganh, Itnh vac thudc kinh td bien nhU: nganh hang hai, dau khi, du Ijch bien, danh bdt hIi san gan, Khoa hoc chinh trj - Sd 3/2012
O^Hien aiu • 'frao i
xa bd, nghe nu6i tr6ng thuy sSn, ngh^ l^m muoi bien ngufin nhSn \\)c diu i trong tinh trgng thieu v^ s6' lupng, co c§'u ngu6n nhSn IMC b^t cSp, chcl't lupng ngu6n nhcin li;c c6n nhilu hgn ch§':
- D l y m^nh vi$c x4y dpng vi hoSn thi$n k§'t cKu h? tang kinh ti, ky thuSt, xa h6l phgc vg ph4t triln kinh t l bien;
- D l y nn?nh hpp tSc qufic t l tr§n cSc linh vpc thuac kinh t l blln...a
MOI LIEN HE G I Q A L Y LUAN...
(tiep trang 29) dd CO b i n , cdp bdch do cudc sdng ddt ra,tidp tyc hodn thidn nhQng vdn dd ly ludn cua hpc thuydt Mac-Ldnin phu hpp vdi ydu edu cua thdi dgi ngdy nay.
Hpc thuydt Mac-Ldnin trong thdi dgi C.Mac, Ph.Angghen vd thdi d^i V.I.Ldnin Id dinh cao cua tri tud loai ngUdi, la sp due kd't va thang hoa td nhQng tinh hoa tri tud eua nhdn loai thdi bay gid. Ngay nay, tri thQc eua nhdn loai da ed nhiJfng bade tien khong Id tren td't c l Itnh vpc. Ddi sdng xa hdi ddng trUde nhQng kha nang phat trien mdi va e l nhQng thich thQc Idn, do nhQng bUdc phat triln vu bao cua mot cudc each mang khoa hoc - cdng nghd hien dai, Inh hudng to Idn vd sau sde ddn sU nhdn thdc lai hoe thuydt Mdc-Lenin. Dd Id cudc hoi sinh, giUdng cao va giQ vQng ngon dude each mang va khoa hpc cua hpc thuydt Mde-Angghen vd Lenin trong thdi dai mdi, vQa kien tri nhdng tQ tudng dung d i n cua chu nghta Mae-Lenin, vQa khdng rdi vdo b i o thu, giao didu. Vi, hilu khdng dung vd hpc thuyet cua cdc dng eung chinh la sp phu nhdn.
Trong qua trinh phat triln, hpc thuydt Mae-Lenin dd vupt qua nhieu khd khan, thd thach va chQng td sde sd'ng manh liet cua minh. Nd tu van va tp didu chinh nhQng ludn dilm, nguyen ly khdng phu hpp vdi thpc tidn, tu phe phan nhQng tri thdc eu khdng cdn phu hpp vdi thpc td bdng tinh than sang tpo, trung thUe va khoa hpc. Khdng t h i ddi hdi hpc thuydt Mac-Lenin p h l i dp doan dupe nhOng bidn ddi hon mdt tram nam Ijch
sQ, phli dua ra nhdng Idi g i l i cd sdn d l gi&i quydt nhdng vdn dd cua c l hdng thd kj'.
B i n thdn hpc thuydt Mde-Ldnin v6n la clch mgng, khoa hpc va sang tao, nd la m l u sd chung dang phat triln trong tri thdc cua nhan loai va trd thlnh chu t h i cua mlu sd Chung dy. Do dd, cdn nhdn thdc ro, mat mdi cua tn thQc, nhdng khdc bidt khdng the vUpt qua giQa cac logi quan dilm, trUdng phai, khoa hoe cua hpc thuydt Mde-Ldnin, dupe xdy dung thdng qua sp tranh ludn, cp xdt thudng xuyen theo tinh thdn khoa hgc vdi tat c l c l c trudng phai khoa hpc va phSn khoa hpc. Vi vay, tuydt ddi hda mat ddi Ifip vd he tu tudng ma khdng tinh den nhdntd hpp ly can ke thda trong tri thdc khoa hgc cua nhdn lopi, tdc la xa rdi tinh than bifen chdng cua hpc thuydt Mac-Ldnin. Mat kh^c, ly ludn dd ndu khdng dupe khai quat, kh6n9 dupe cdp nhdt, bo sung td thpc tidn cilia thdi d^i, eua ddn tdc thi b i n thdn nd se khdng cdn sde sdng; nhdn thdc, ly ludn ndu kh6ng xudt phat td m i n h dat hidn thpc, td thdc tiln sinh ddng dy thi nd chi la ly thuyet sudng.
Thpc ti§n cua nhdng nSm ddi mdi cing giiJp ta nhan thdc rd tinh chdt phdc tpp, khd khan cua sd nghiep xay dpng CNXH. Chung ta cdng nhan rd nhQng hgn ehd, non kem cua minh, cang hilu dung hdn va cp t h i hdnv^
cac quy luat phlt triln kinh te - xa hdi, ve sii can thidt p h l i tdn trpng va h i n h ddng theo quy luat khach quan, dong thdi nhdn ra gi^
trj chi dudng, soi sang cua ly ludn chili nghia Mac-Ldnin.•
Khoa hoc chinh trj - Sd 3/201Z
