VAN DC "CllNH ih" Vh "CANH HUTU"
CUR Cnc f>^NG CHINH T R I DU^C N G I ^ V N R V
TSKH LUONG VAN K£<'>
L
ieh sir ciia cdc chinh dang cdnh ta ndi chung va cua Dang Xa hdi dan chii Diic ndi rieng phan anh nhumg khiic quanh ciia phong trdo mdcxit vd phong trao cdng nhan d Diic va chau Au. Nd ciing phdn dnh tuang quan giira cdc lyc lugng chinh tri trong cue dien chinh tri qudc te, phan dnh con dudmg khiic khuyu di din mdt xa hdi XHCN dan chu hien dai. Cdn cii vdo dau dl cd the coi mdt dang nao dd Id cdnh ta? Sy phan loai td - hiiu Id mdt cau chuyen phire tap. Ngudi ta cd the ngugc ddng ljch sir de tmy tim tii nguyen ciia khai niem ddng cdnh td va ddng cdnh hihi ciing nhu y nghTa bet siic khac nhau ve van hod, dan tdc hgc va chinh tri hgc cua true quan he ddi lap nay d cdc dan tdc vd khu vyc'''.(3 phuang Tay ciing cd sy khdng thdng nhat ve tieu chi phan chia khuynh hudng tu tudng chinh trj thdnh cdnh ta vd canh hum.
Ngudi chau Au hieu dang canh td Id dang mang each nhin chieu ngang (horizontal), iing hd sy cdng bang, cai each xa hdi va hudng tdi tuong lai; cdn dang cdnh hiiu cd khuynh hudmg nhin theo chieu thdng dimg (vertical), theo dudi quan diem duy tri tdn
(•) Khoa Quoc te hpc, Tru6rng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi v& Nhan vSn.
ti, cd tinh bao thii, cdng bang xa hdi va coi trgng gid trj tdn giao. Trong khi dd ngudi My cho rang, khdng rieng gi cac dang canh ta theo dudi gia trj cdng bang, ma ngay cac chinh dang thien hum ciing ndi nhieu ve cdng bdng (justic). Cd ngudi hieu "ta" la vi lgi ich cua ngudi lao ddng, iing hd sy can thiep ciia nha nudc ddi vdi kinh te, cdn
"hum" la vi lgi ich ciia gidi chii, khudc tu- can thiep cua nhd nudc. Tuy nhien tren dai the, cac thii ITnh chinh dang khd nhat tri vdi nhau rang: phan chia ta - hum la nhumg khudn khd djnh hudng nham tranh thii cir tri trong bau cu'^'.
Dang Xa hdi dan chii Dire (SPD) vdi tu each mdt dang canh ta la mdt trong hai tru cdt ldn va thanh cdng nhat, cd uy tin ldn nhat ddng vai trd lanh dao nudc Dire, tir nam 2005 - 2009 da lien danh ciing vdi Lien minh dan chii Thien chiia giao (CDU) canh hum thiet lap mdt chinh phii Dai lien minh. Day la mdt bang ehimg mdi ve sy bien chuyen co ban trong he tu tudng, ly tudng chinh tri ciia cdc chinh dang hien dai.
Hai dang vdn ddi lap nhau ngay nay san sdng bd qua tat cd de thiet lap mdt lien minh nham thau tdm dugc chinh quyen qudc gia ve tay minh. Do dd ngudi ta cd the ddng y vdi y kien mdt sd hgc gia, khi cho
L Y L U A N CHiNH TRI 1-2011 83
rang thdi cua ddi lap ta - hiiu da qua rdi, tham chi khdng cdn khai niem trung td hay
trung hiru niia. Vi dai da sd chinh danghien nay deu cd the xem la cac dang d giira, dang trung dung ma thdi. Cau khau hieu dugc ua ehudng ngdy nay d Dire la: Ai dimg trung dung, ngudi dd cd tat ca lya chgn quyen lyc! (Wer in der Mitte stebt, hat alle Machtoptionen), diing nhu nhan djnh cua nha phan tich chinh trj Franz Walter - giao su Dai hgc Goettingen. Day ciing la mdt nguyen nhan y thiic he dan den su phan ly trong ndi bd Dang Xa hdi dan chii, trong dd luc lugng ta khuynh cap tien ma dung dau Id Oskar Lafontaine da quyet djnh rdi bd nd de gia nhap lyc lugng cdnh ta thyc chat hom do Dang cua CNXH dan chii (tiic Dang Cdng san d Ddng Diic) lanh dao.
Tinh hinh chinh dang d Diic phdn dnh trang thai dien hinh cua cdc nudc dan chii hien dai, trong dd cd hai nlidm dang phan biet nhau, trong nhieu trudng hgp la ddi lap nhau, mdi nhdm cd mdt chinh dang manh lam ndng cdt. Theo tmyen thdng cua nen chinh trj phuang Tay, ngudi ta phan biet mdt phdi la "ta khuynh" va phdi ddi lap kia la "hum khuynh". Chang ban, d Anh, luc lugng canh ta tap trung xung quanh Dang Lao ddng (Cdng Dang/Labor Party), cdn lyc lugng canh hum tap trung d Dang Bao thu (Conservative Party). Tuong tu, d Phdp Dang Xa hdi va Dang Cdng san la chu ehdt ciia phe ta, cdn Lien minh vi nen Cdng boa la chu ehdt cua phe hum.
Ngay nay, phan ldm cdc nha nghien ciirn cdc dang chinh trj hieu "ta" Id vi lgi ich cua ngudi lao ddng va ngudi ngheo, ung hd sy can thiep cua nlia nudc ddi vdi kinh te va xa hdi, ung hd xu the hod hieu trong quan
he qudc te; cdn "hum" la vi lgi ich ciia gidi chu, chu truang tu do kinh te tu nhan, khudc tir can thiep ciia nha nudc, bao ve lgi ich dan tdc, qudc gia va duy tri cdc gia trj tmyen thdng. Tuy nhien tren dai the, cac chinh dang chii ehdt trong nen chinh tri da nguyen thudng it khi cue doan, cue ta hay cue hiiu, ma thudng cd quan diem trung ta hoac tmng hiiu.
Ngoai hai phe ddi lap ta hum ra, cdn cd nhiing chinh dang dimg giiia (trung dung).
Trong cuomg ITnh chinh trj cua hg cd nhirng ITnh vuc the hien quan diem hum khuynh, nhung lai cd nhirng ITnh vuc td ra ta khuynh.
Ve mat lien ket tao ddng minh, khi thi hp lien minh vdi dang phe hiru, khi thi lien minh vdi phe ta de tham chinh tren ca sd nhiimg thoa hiep lgi ich nao dd. Ciing cd trudng hgp mdt dang nhd cd the chuyen ddng linh boat mang tinh co hdi chu nghTa, tir mdt dang rat hiiu sang mdt phia rat ta, dac biet trong hoan canh qudc gia dd xuat hien khimg hoang he thdng. Cdc dang nhu Dang Ty do dan chu (FDP), hay Dang Xanh v.v..
d Dire la nhiimg dang kieu nhu vay.
Sd dT cac dang canh ta Dire roi vao khung hodng nhu ngdy nay cd mdt nguyen nhan co ban la do hg mat phuang hudng, khdng xay dung dugc mdt each nhin mdi me va mdt chien luge nham chdng lai chii nghTa tu do mdi tren pham vi toan cau va chau Au.
Khi quan sat hai khuynh hudmg ta va hiiu trong ddi sdng chinh trj, gidi chinh trj vd cdc CO quan luat phap dac biet quan tam den cac bien thai eye doan cua cac lyc lugng chinh trj. Phdi eye doan cua phe td dugc xem la nhdm cue ta (left radical) va tuong img la nhdm eye hum (right radical).
84 LY LUAN CHINH TRI 1-2011
Cac nhd lap phap Dire cd thdi do de phdng ca hai khuynh hudng cue doan nay vdi mirc do gan nhu nhau, trong dd cd ve e de phe eye hum born.
Ve cdc ddng phdi chinh tri cue td
Gidi chinh khdch Dire xem cac nhdm cd tu tudng cdng san di theo cuong ITnh dau tranh lat dd CNTB hay trat ty tu san bang bao lyc each mang la nhdm cue td. Vi quan niem dau tranh bao lyc da bj loai ra khdi tinh than ciia Hien phap cdc nha nudc dan chu hien dai ndi chung va cua Cdng hda Lien bang Dire ndi rieng, nen Dang Cdng sdn Dire (KPD) tdi thiet lap sau chien tranh the gidi thir hai va da timg cd chan trong Qudc hdi lien bang khod diu tien (1949 - 1953) da bi cim boat ddng ke tir ndm 1956 theo quyet nghj ciia Toan an Hien phdp lien bang. Den nam 1968, trong khdng khi each mang td khuynh d Tay Au, dang nay da dugc tdi lap vdi ten ggi Dang Cdng san Dire (trong tieng Diic, ten ggi mdi nay chi la su thay ddi trat ty tir va doi tir danh tir thanh tinh hi:
Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands KPD >
Deutsche Kommunistische Partei DKP).
Dang DKP cd lien he mat thiet vdi nha nudc Cdng hda dan chii Diic dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang XHCN thdng nhit Dire SED cii. Trong cac cudc bau cu qudc hdi lien bang, DKP chua khi ndo gianh dugc tren 0,3% philu biu'^', do dd khdng the cd chan trong Qudc hdi. Nam 1972, Thii tudmg lien bang va chinh phu cdc bang (Tay Dire cii) da ky mdt sic lenh ve chii nghTa eye doan (Radikaleneriass) cho phep dp dung cdc bien phap trin dp, trudc hit Id trin dp cdc nhdm eye ta. Diiu dd da dnh hudmg tieu eye den hinh anh nha nudc ty do dan chii phdp quyin ciia Cdng hda Lien bang Dire d nudc
ngodi. Thyc tien cho thay mgi bien phap qudn ly de chdng lai chii- nghia cue ta khdng cd may tdc dung, nen ngudi ta da dat van de ve hieu luc ciia sac lenh nay.
Tren thyc tien ddi sdng chinh tri. dai da sd thanh vien cdc nhdm cue ta la sinh vien.
Cac nhdm nay cd gdc gac tir phong trao dau Uanh ciia sinh vien Tay Au nhumg nam 1968 -
1972 theo tu tudng giao dieu, tham chi cd mau sdc maoist. Dien hinh Uong sd do la nhdm mang ten Nhdm Dai bieu hdng quan (Rote Armee Fraktion/RAF) van dung cac thii doan khimg bd de chdng lai che do Cdng hda Lien bang Dire, nham trudc bet vao cac dng chu tu ban, cac lanh dao chinh trj, chdng lai cdc bien phap an ninh ciia nha chiic trdch. Hau qua la nay sinh nhieu xung dot va cang thang trong xa hdi ve nguyen ly ty do va dan chii cua he thdng chinh trj Dire.
Sau khi tdi thdng nhat nudc Dire, nha nudc tu ban Cdng hda Lien bang Dire da thyc hien mdt sy chuyen chinh vdi cac lanh dao cua Dang vd nha nudc Cdng hda Dan chii Diic, vi hg coi Dang SED cam quyen la mdt dang eye ta va cd nhieu lien ddi vdi cdc lyc lugng eye ta d Tay Dire cu. Do dd da sd cdc iiy vien bd chinh tri dang SED diu phai ra toa, ngdi tii, cd ngudi bi tii den khi chet.
Ve cdc ddng phdi chinh tri cue hiru Nin dan chu cd kiem sodt ciia Cpng hda Lien bang Dire ludn ludn phdng ngira hoat ddng ciia cac nhdm eye hiiu cd lien he vdi cdc tdn du tu tudng vd phuomg phap ciia Chii nghTa Qudc xa. Mac dii cdc dang cue hum nhu Dang Cdng hoa. Lien minh Dan tdc Due (DVU) chi cd khdng den 20 nghin thanh vien, nhung chiing da gay ra ca mdt lan sdng rim rd bai xieh va khiing bd ngudi
LY LUAN CHlNH TRj 1-2011 85
nudc ngoai (thudng la dan lam thue va ti nan) d Diic. Nam 1952, Toa an hiln phap lien bang da ra tuyen an cim boat ddng ddi vdi Dang Dl chl xa hdi (SRP) cua bgn phatxit mdi. Cdc dang eye hiiu tiep ndi ddng nay thudng xuyen bi gidm sdt chat che, nhdm ngan ngira cdc hau qua xau bdi he tu tudng va hdnh vi cua chu nghTa phatxit mdi gay ra, nhu Dang Qudc gia dan chii (NPD) ra ddi vao vdo nhiing nam 60 ciia the ky XX, Dang Cdng hod (Republikaner) ra ddi nam 1983. Tren thyc tien, Dang Qudc gia dan chu NPD trong lien minh vdi cdc lyc lugng tu do vdo ndm 1969 da gianh dugc 4,3%) phieu bau, nhung van chua dat ngudng 5%
de len chan vdo Qudc hdi lien bang. Dang Cdng hod vd Lien minh Dan tdc Dire (DVU) trong nhiing nam 80 va 90 ciing da tung ehen chan vao dugc nghj vien mdt vai bang. Vao thdng 4-1998, DVU da timg gianh dugc 12,9% phieu bau vdo nghj vien bang Sachsen - Anhalt (Ddng Diic). Phong trdo eye hum phdt trien ram rd vao thdi ky mdt vai ndm trudc vd sau khi tdi thdng nhat nudc Diic, ddc biet la d Ddng Diic. Cao trdo cua lyc lugng nay Id chien djeh khimg bd ngudi nudc ngoai dau nhumg ndm 90 khi nudc Diic, ddc biet la Ddng Diic, roi vao khd khan chdng chat bdi sy nghiep tai thiet vd chuyen ddi cua Ddng Dure. Thdi ky dd bgn chung da timg giuong cao khau hieu trong nhieu cudc tuan hanh ddng nghjt d nhieu noi: Nudc Dire ciia ngudi Diic (Deutschland den Deutschen!). Theo nghien ciru cua cdc nhd xa hdi hgc, trong thap nien 60 ciia the ky XX cd tdi 10-15%) cir tri img hd bgn eye hiiu''*\ Dieu ddng suy nghT, Id cd tdi 5% cir tri di bau lan dau todn nudc Diic da bd phieu cho DVU, 13%) cir tri trong do tudi 18-24 bd phieu cho bgn cue
huu^'l Va luc lugng cue hiiu, bgn phatxit mdi van la ndi lo canh canh cho sy yen binh cua nudc Diic ngdy nay.
Tuy nhien, cdc bien phdp gidm sat, khdng che va y thiic chinh trj cao cua ngudi dan Diic da lam that bai mgi muu toan ciia cdc thii ITnh cue hum. Trong cudc bau cir Qudc hdi lien bang thang 9-1998, cdc dang cue hum chi gianh dugc mdt sd phieu it di:
Dang Cdng hod gianh 1,8%, DVU 1,2%, NDP gianh 0,3%). Dieu dang phan khdi la d ehd, vai trd ciia cdc dang eye hiiu ngay cdng suy gidm rd ret so vdi thdi ky nudc Diic bj chia cat ciing nhu so vdi thdi ky dau mdi thdng nhat nudc Dire. Mac dau vay, nudc Diic cd le van can cd cudc cai each ndo dd ve hien phdp va thay ddi tinh trang cir tri de triet tieu mgi mam mdng cua chu nghTa eye hum.
Suy gidm so licgng ddng vien: nguy ca cua cdc ddng cdnh td
6 Diic, thap nien 70 thi ky XX la thdi
ky bung nd ve sd lugng dang vien ciia cac dang. Dinh cao nhat ve phdt trien sd lugng dang vien Id vao thdi ky thdng nhit nudc Diic nam 1990. Nhung sy tdng trudmg quan trgng dd ve sd lugng dang vien khdng phai bao gid ciing dem den su nang ddng va sire manh cua dang. Sau dd tit cd cac dang diu roi vdo tinh trang suy giam sd lugng dang vien. Hien nay toan lien bang chi cd ehimg chua den 3% cir tri la dang vien cua cac dang chinh tri, tiic Id vdo khoang 1,5 din 1,8 trieu. Nhung sd dang vien tich eye boat ddng chi khoang 1/4, tham chi 1/5 ma thdi'^\ Biic tranh tuong quan sire manh trong he thdng dang phdi chinh tri Dire thi hien rd tien sd lugng dang vien qua cac thdi ky nhu sau:
86 LY L U A N CHlNH TRI 1-2011
Bdng so sanh so lugng ddng vien cua cdc ddng trong Qudc hpi Lien bang tit ndm 1952 din ndm 2007
Nam 1952 1975 1990 2001 2007
CDU 200.000 590.000 777.800 608.560 539.861
CSU 52.000 132.000 186.200 177.852 167.500
SPD 627.000 998.500 949.600 717.513 539.052
FDP 83.000 74.000 168.200
64.063 65.000
Lm90/
Dang Xanh
39.900 45.000 44.687
PDS/Dang Canh ta
200,000 83.000 70.943 Ngudn: Ismayr, W. (ed.): DiepoUtischen Systeme Westeuropas, tr. 452;
hllp://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biindeslag#Sechzehnter Bundestag Sd lugng dang vien ciia cdc dang ldn da
suy giam mdt each nhanh chdng. Ddng xa hdi dan chu SPD va Lien minh dan chii Thien chua gido Id hai dang ldm nhat vd hien nay dang lien minh vdi nhau de cam quyen la nhiing dang chju tdn that to ldn nhit. Vdi Dang Xa hdi dan chu, neu nhu vao thang 5-2006 sd dang vien cdn dang tich Id 575.404 ngudi, thi cudi thang 10- 2006 chi cdn 565.500 ngudi, tiic giam gan
10 nghin. Tmng binh mdt nam cd khoang 20 nghin ngudi xin ra khdi dang va 10 nghin dang vien chit. Sd dang vien gia nhap mdi chi khoang 4.500, khdng tham thap gi. Do dd tir thang 10-2005 din thdng 10-2006, SPD da gidm di 25 nghin dang vien. Sd ngudi xin ra khdi dang d at roi vao thdi ky 2003-2004. N I U nhu nam 1998 khi Schroeder len nam quyen, SPD cd 755 nghin dang vien, thi vdo cudi nam 2004, khi Schroeder tii chirc Chu tjch dang, sd dang vien cua SPD chi cdn 628 nghin (giam gin 130 nghin). Vd vao cudi ndm 2005 chi cdn 590 nghin (van cao hon nam 2007 la 25 nghin). Vay la so vdi Lien minh dan chii Thien chiia gido CDU thi so lugng dang vien cua dang SPD chi nhieu hom 6.500 ngudi. Vj Ui dang ldm nhat lien bang ciia nd dang bj thach thirc. Ciing theo mdt bdo cao cua SPD tai Tm sd tmng uomg dang d Beclin, thi hiu hit cdc dang bd dja
phuang khdng thyc hien dugc chi tieu ket nap dang vien mdi. Chi cd 3.600 dang bd Uong tdng sd 9.300 hoan thanh dugc chi tieu nay, trong dd 187 dang bd ket nap them sd dang vien mdi du bii cho sd ra di.
Lien minh dan chii Thien chiia giao CDU ciing nam trong tinh trang khdng sang sua horn la bao. Neu nhu cudi nam 2005 dang nay cd 571 nghin dang vien, thi cudi nam 2006 chi cdn 559 nghin, chi ngang miic nam 1974. Trong khi dd, vao thdi ky cudi ciia ky nguyen Helmut Kohl (1998), CDU cd 626 nghin dang vien (nhieu ban bien nay 67 nghin). Van de nguy kjch ciia CDU la d ehd, phin ldn sd ngudi ra di dd diu thudc khdi cir tri gdc thudc giai cap tu sdn: 19%o sd ngudi ra khdi dang la cac chii nghiep ddc lap vd 37% la cdng chuc. Day la lin diu tien sd lugng dang vien cua CDU nim dudi miic 560 nghin la "gidi ban ky dj" (magic border). Do dd trong dai hdi dang tai Dresden nam 2007, Tdng thu ky dang la Ronald Pofalla keu ggi trien khai mdt chiin djeh phdt trien dang vien mdi, va Ban Chip hanh Tmng uomg dang khdng the khoanh tay ngdi yen trudc tinh trang suy thoai ndy. Ong ndi "Day Id mdt dau hieu ciia sy ngao man vd mii ni che tai, khi mdt chinh dang toan dan cii dimg y ra day trudc thyc trang dang budn"*'''.
LY L U A N CHlNH TR| 1 -2011. 87
Nhin lai ljch sir cdc dang chinh tri hien dai tir sau nam 1945, chiing ta thay cac chinh dang d Due, dac biet la cdc dang ldm va cac dang cam quyen hoac tham chinh nhu CDU, SPD, FDP, PDS... deu cd nhirng dieu chinh d nliirng miic do khac nhau ve ndi dung cuomg ITnh chinh trj va dieu le ciia dang minh, nham dat dugc cac muc tieu chien luge cao nhat la gianh quyen lap chinh phii, tire trd thanh dang cam quyen. Cac dang nay dang thuc hien chu truong chuyen tu each dai dien cho lgi ich cua mdt giai cap hay mdt tang Idp xa hdi thanh dang cua toan dan. Hg hy vgng nhu vay mdi cd the gianh dugc da sd phieu bau cua cir tri de gianh quyen lap chinh phu.
(1) Xem: Luang Van Ke.' Con dudng trd thdnh ddng cdm quyen hien dgi cua Ddng Xd hgi Ddn chii (SPD) d CHLB Due. Tap chi Nghiin cuu chdu Au, s6 2 (77), 2-2007, U. 16-26;
Klaus von Beyme.- Parleien im Wandel (Cac chinh dang dang bien doi), Darmstadt, 2000, U. 66; Vuong An Vjnh (chu bien): Chinh tri dia ly /!pc. Bic Kinh, 1999.
(2) Xem.' Klaus von Beyme:
Parteien im Wandel, Darmstadt, 2000, U.66
(3) K. Schortheimer/ W. Bleek: Cdc ca sd cua he thdng chinh tri Due (ding Dire). Muenchen 1999, tr.254 (4),(5) K. Schortheimer/ W. Bleek:
sdd. U.258, 259.
(6) Ismayr, W. (ed.): DiepolUischen Systeme Westeuropas, tr.467.
(7) Http://www.diewelt.de, 28/-11- 200.
88
PHinrNG CHAM "CHO NHIEU, LAY IT"...
{Tiep theo trang 82)
- Thuc su coi trgng tam ndng, chinh sach tam ndng tir trong tu duy, nhan thiic den hanh ddng thyc tien.
- Tang cudng pham vi, miic do hd trg ngudi ndng dan tir Nha nudc va tir ben ngodi (bang ndi lyc, ngudi ndng dan chi du mum sinh. Sy phat trien ben viing, nang cao chat lugng cudc sdng... can cd sy giiip dd, quan tam cua Nha nudc).
- Md rdng tinh tuong tac, tuong hd trong giai quyet van de tam ndng (tuong tdc sau giira ndng nghiep, ndng dan, ndng thdn; md rdng tuong hd giiia tam ndng vdi nhirng khu vuc khac cua xa hdi).
- Coi tam ndng la mdt chinh the, cd mdi lien he chat che, chi phdi giiia cac bd phan; ddng thdi, dat tam ndng trong bd cue tdng the giiia cdng nghiep vdi ndng nghiep, giira ndng thdn vdi thanh thj.
- Tam ndng la van de lau dai, ddi hdi nhieu nd lyc, nhieu cd gang ciia chinh ngudi ndng dan vd ciia toan xa hdi; giai quyet van de tam ndng phai hudmg tdi hien dai vd ben virng.
Day la nhiing dieu dang de Viet Nam chiing ta nghien cum, tham khao.
(1),(2),(10) Dao The Tuan: Chinh sdch ndng thdn, ndng ddn vd ndng nghiip mdi d Trung Qudc, Website Vien Chinh sach va Chien luge phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon - IPSARD, 4-1-2008.
(3) Trjnh Ngpc Lan: Ndng nghiep thieu vdn de phdt Irien, VielNamNel, ngay 5-8-2008.
(4) Nguyen Minh Phong: Di thuc day thi trudng tin dung ndng thdn, Cong thong tin dien tu chinh phii VGP, Mgov.vn, 22-10-2010.
(5),(8),(9) Hoang Thi Anh: Phdt triin xd hpi d ndng thdn Trung Qudc - Nhin lu gdc dp tu duy, chinh sdch eiia Nhd nudc. Tap chi Nghien ciru Trung Qudc, so 5-2009, U.28.
(6) Le San: Kiin nghi miin, gidm thue ddt ndng nghiep trong 10 ndm, Cdng thong tin dien tu Chinh phii VGP, Mgov.vn, 13-9-2010.
(7) Hong Van: Ndng ddn dugc mien phi thuy lgi, Kinh te Sai gon online, 28-10-2010.
LY LUAN CHiNH TRI 1-2011
