m\\.mmmm%
^ / B A N VE TfeN GOI CLIA V A N P t f O N O C6hMi CHlINC
^ V ^ hdi hda cdng chting la chu truong bet W s i i c dung dan cua Ddng vd nha nudc ta, gdp phan tich cue cho s\r phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia dat nudc, phii hpp vdi chuan muc va thdng le trong khu vuc vd tren the gidi, gdp phan quan trgng vao tien trinh cdi each hdnh chinh, cdi cdch tu phdp d nudc ta. Tuy nhien, ben canh nhtmg ket qud da dat dupc, Luat Cdng chiing sd: 53/2014/QH13 ngay 20 thang 6 nam 2014 (Luat Cdng chiing) cdn tdn tai mdt sd ban che, bat cap can phdi nghien ciiu. sua ddi cho phii hgp vdi yeu can ciia thuc tien.
Trong bdi viet nay, chiing tdi di sau phan tich nhdm chi ra nhiing diem bat hpp ly ve ten ggi ddi vdi Vdn phdng cdng chiing (VPCC) dugc quy djnh trong Luat Cdng chiing, qua dd dd xuat kien nghi nhdm khac phuc nhung ban chd.
Khodn 3 Didu 22 Luat Cdng chiing nam 2014 quydinh: "Ten ggi cua VPCC phdi bao gdm cum til " Vdn phdng cong chung" kem theo hg ten aia Trudng Vdn phdng hodc hg tin cua mgi cdng chiing viin hgp danh khdc ciia VPCC do cdc cdng chting vien hgp danh thda thudn, khdng dugc biin^ hogc gdy nhdm ldn vdi tin ctia td chtic hdnh nghe cdng chiing khdc. khdng dugc vi phgm truyen thdng lich sti, vdn hod, dgo dik vd thuan phong my tuc ciia ddn lgc". Trudng hgp Van phdng cdng chiing thay ddi tty sd, thay ddi Tnrdng van phdng thi phdi thay ddi ten ggi cua VPCC phii hgp vdi quy tiinh neu tren. Nhu vdy, ten gpi cua VPCC phai gdm hai thdnh to dudi day:
Thanh td thti nhdt: Ten ggi ciia VPCC phdi cd cum tir "Van phdng cdng chimg", da\' la thdnh td mang tinh cd djnh vd bat bugc phdi xudt hien hong ten ggi ciia VPCC. Thdnh td ndy cd y nghia phdn biet giira hai loai hinh td chirc hdnh nghe cdng chung d nudc ta hien nay Id: VPCC (thugc sd huu tu nhan) vdi Phdng Cdng chiing (la don vj sg- nghiep cdng 1 j p thupc Sd Tu phdp).
Ten gpi cua Phdng cdng chung phai gdm cum tir
Nguyin Vdn Mich/
"Phdng cdng chting" kem theo sau dd Id "sdlhu tu Ihdnh lap vd tin ctia tinh, Ihdnhphd true thugc trung irctng nai Phong cdng chiing thdnh lgp "}
Thdnh td thir hai: Theo sau cum tir "Van phdng cong chting " phai kem theo "Ap ten qg..;
Trudng Vdn phong hogc hg ten cua mgt cdng' chiing vien hgp danh ". N h u vay, hg ten ciia m$t thdnh vien hpp danh bat bupc phdi tdn tai Irong ten gpi cua VPCC, Id bd phdn khdng thi ia$ti, trong ten gpi ciia VPCC. Day chinh id yeu to tt^jt thdnh ten rieng ciia VPCC vi dua vdo dd dd phfiii>^ ; biet VPCC nay vdi VPCC khac.Tuy nhien, thyc tien cho thay, cdng chimg vien hgp danh tai VPCC thudng hay thay ddi, mang d§c tinh
"dgng", cdn ten gpi ciia VPCC Iai rat cdn s^rdn dinh, bdn viing, it thay ddi mang ddc tinh "linh".
Vide gd ep hp ten ciia cdng chirng vien hpp danfa vdo ten gpi cua VPCC sd dan tdi VPCC bupc phai thay ddi ten gpi trong trudng hpp cdng chung vien hpp danh diing ten gpi ciia VPCC nil khdi danh sach thdnh vidn hgp danh. Dudi day chung tdi dua ra vi du minh hga de thdy sif bat
hpp ly ciia quy djnh neu tren: , Vi du: Ndm 2009. cdc Cdng chimg vien g ^ * -:'
Nguyen Van A, Trdn Van B, Hodng Thi C vd Le ' Thi Dcimg thdnh lap VPCC vd dat ten id VPCC Nguyen A, do Cdng chirng vien Nguyen Vdn A : ldm Trudng Vdn phdng. Nam 2015 do bat dong ;•
ndi bp giiJa cac thanh vien hpp danh dan tdi cdng>:;;
chiing vien Nguyen Van A thuc hien viec riit ten khdi danh sach Cdng chiing vien hgp danh cita *'' VPCC Nguyen A. Viec cdng chimg vien Nguyin^ ; Van A nit ten khdi danh sdch thdnh vien hpp dimh' ciia VPCC Nguyen A dan tdi VPCC Nguyen A bupc phdi thay ddi tdn gpi do thay ddi Trudng Van phong, Vdn phdng cdng chiing Nguyen A dupc ddi ten thanh VPCC Hodng C. Ngay sau khi Cdng chimg vien Nguyen Van A nit ten ra khdi VPCC Nguyen A, Cdng chung vien NguySn Van A dupc mdi lam Cdng chiing vidn hpp danh
' Khoan 2 Dieu 79 Lull Cong chimg
* Khoan 3 Dieu 19 Luil Cong chimg
o
I'l ihjtii; 9/2016 - N i m i h t f Miftlj MCtl
tai VPCC Binh Minh ciing cd try sd tren dja bdn quan noi VPCC Hoang C ddt Uu sd. The hien sy thien tri hop tdc, cdc Cdng chung vien hpp danh ciia VPCC Bbih Minh da hgp vd thdng nhdt de nghi Cdng chiing vien Nguyen Vdn A giii chiic Trudng Vdn phdng vd ddi ten VPCC Binh Minh thdnh VPCC Nguyen A nhdm tan dung thuong hieu (E cd ciia VPCC Nguyen A. Tir vi du minh hpa neu tren cho thdy quy dinh ddt ten ggi cho VPCC theo Luat Cdng chung nam 2014 cd nhihig han che, bat cap sau:
Thu nha/: Theo Ludt Cdng chiing ndm 2014, VPCC phdi cd tir hai Cdng chiing vien hpp danh trd Ien thanh lap. Dieu dd ddng nghia vdi viec thuong hieu ciia VPCC khdng the do mdt Cdng chiing vien tgo dyng md Id sy gop siic ciia tat ca cdc Cdng chiing vien hgp danh, trong khi dd Ludt Cong chiing ndm 2014 chi cho phep lua chgn hg ten cua mpt Cdng chiing vien hpp danh de ddt ten rieng cho VPCC hoat dpng dudi logi hinh cdng ty hpp danh. Nhu vay, thuong hieu cua VPCC gdn liln vdi cd nhdn Cdng chiing vien hpp danh diing ten VPCC. Xet hen gdc dg tam ly ciing nhu lpi ich cd nhan thi ai ciing mudn sir dung hg ten cua minh de ddt ten cho VPCC. Trudng hpp cac Cong chiing vien khdng thda thudn dugc viec ddt ten cho VPCC se dan tdi mdu thuan, bdt ddng khdng can thiet giua cdc thdnh vien hpp danh. Sy thay ddi thanh vien hpp danh nhu trudng hgp Cong chiing vien Nguyen Vdn A trong vi dy minh hpa neu Uen ddng nghia vdi viec "chuyen giao"
thuong hieu mien phi, tao len sy bdt cdng ddi vdi cdc thdnh vien hpp danh khdng dupc sir dyng hp ten dl ddt ten cho VPCC.
Thu hai: Dieu 51 Lugt Cong chung nam 2014 quy dinh trudng hpp sira ddi, bd sung, hiiy bd hgp ddng, giao dich da dupc cdng chiing phai dugc thyc hien tgi td chiic hanh nghe cdng chiing da thyc hien vi?c cdng chung trudc dd. Viec VPCC thudng thay ddi ten gpi se gdy khd khan cho cd nhdn, td chiic da sii dyng dich vu cdng chiing khi lien he de thuc hien quyen ,xin cap ban sao, siia ddi, bd sung, huy bd hpp ddng. giao dich dd dupc cdng chiing. Ngodi ra, cdn tao sy hodi nghi cho cd nhdn. td chuc tiep nhdn, sir dung vdn
^ Dieu 27 BQ Lufii Dan sv
ban cdng chung vi cd sy "bat nhat" giira hop ddng, giao dich \ a van ban siia ddi, bd sung, hiiy bd hpp ddng, giao dich dd. Hop ddng giao djch do mdt VPCC thyc hien trong khi van ban sira ddi, bd sung, buy bd chinh hpp ddng, giao dich dd Iai do VPCC khdc thuc hien (do cd sy khdc nhau v l ten gpi, con ddu cua VPCC). De hda gidi dilu nay phdi chang ngudi yeu cdu cdng chiing can yeu cau VPCC cung cdp hd so lien quan tdi viec thay ddi ten gpi cCia VPCC de chimg minh VPCC thuc hien viec cdng chung hpp ddng, giao dich vd VPCC diuc hien cdng chiing vdn ban siia ddi, bd sung, h i ^ bd chinh hgp ddng, giao dich do chi Id mgt VPCC. Dieu ndy tao ra sy phien todi cho ngudi sir dung dich vu cdng chiing tgi VPCC, tinh hudng neu tren se khdng xdy ra neu nhu ngudi yeu cdu cdng chiing su dyng djch vu cdng chiing tai Phdng cdng chung.
Thir ba: Viec thay ddi ten ggi cua VPCC khdng chi lam mat di hinh anh, thuong hieu ciia VPCC da cd, keo theo dd VPCC phdi thay ddi con ddu, bdng hieu, bien chi dan, phii hi?u ... w , gay tdn kem chi phi tien bac ciia chu sd h&u VPCC. Mat khac, try sd cua cac VPCC thudng do di thue, ben cho thue try sd biet dupc quy dinh neu VPCC thay ddi try sd se phdi thay ddi ten ^gi cho phii hpp, Uong khi chii sd hOu VPCC mudn du\' tri ten ggi hien cd, khi hpp ddng thue try sd het hgn. ben cho thue cd the yeu cdu tdng gid thue hoac dua ra nhiing yeu sdch mdt cdch bdt hpp iy. Dieu ndy vd tinh dd gdy khd khan cho chii sd hiiu VPCC. De khdng bupc phdi thay doi ten gpi trong trudng hpp VPCC thay ddi tru sd hodc thay ddi trudng van phdng theo ludt dinh, phdi chdng "gidi phdp Idch luat" se dupc lya chpn Id mdt trong cdc Cdng chiing vien hgp danh se thyc hien viec thay ddi hg ten nhdm ddm bao hg ten ciia mdt Cdng chiing vien hgp danh diing vdi ten ggi hien tgi ciia VPCC ?.
Thirtir. Lugt Cdng chiing ndm 2014 quy dinh ten ggi ciia VPCC phai kem theo hp ten ciia mpt Cdng chimg vien hpp danh vdi dilu kien hp ten ciia Cdng chung vien hpp danh dd khdng dupc triing hodc gdy nhdm Ian vdi ten ciia td chiic hdnh nghe cdng chiing khac, khdng dugc vi pham
truyin thdng lich sii, van hda dao diic va thuan phong my tuc cua ddn tgc. Nhu vay uong trutmg hp ten cua cdc Cdng chung vien hpp danh khdng ddp ling dilu kien neu tren thi viec dat ten cho VPCC se khdng thi thyc hien dupc. Gidi phap thao gd cho trudng hop neu tren, phdi chdng mdt trong cdc Cdng chui^ vien hpp danh se phai thyc hien thu tyc thay ddi hg ten ciia nunh nhu neu tren hodc "mien cudng" bd sung them mdt Cdng chiing vien hpp danh (hpp danh thuc te, hodc mupn danh) ngudi cd hp ten thda mdn dieu kien vl ten ggi nhdm muc dich duy nhdt la sir dung hp ten ciia ngucri dd de ddt ten cho van phdng ?.
Chiing tdi cho rang ten gpi ciia mpt doanh nghiep ndi chung. nhdt la doanh nghiep hogt dpng Uong linh vyc bd Up tu phdp ndi rieng nhu VPCC cdng can phai dn djnh, mang tinh b i n
\Lmg. tgo dilu kien thudn lpi cho ca nhdn, td chiic khi lien he, giao dich. VPCC thudng xuyen thay ddi ten ggi khdng chi dnh hudng tdi hinh dnh vd hoat dpng binh thudng ciia VPCC do ma nd cdn tgo ra sy phien todi cho ngudi yeu cdu cdng chiing, ddnp thdi tao sy hodi nghi cho xa hpi, dnh hudng xdu tdi tdm ly xa hgi ddi vdi loai hinh td chiic hdnh nghe cdng chiing mdi me ndy.
Quy djnh ten ggi ciia VPCC theo Ludt Cdng chimg ndm 2014 hien nay se khdng ddm bdo
dupc chirc ndng chinh ciia nd la ca th^ hda VPCC. trdi lai trong mgt sd trudng hpp cdn tao ra su nhdm ldn giua cac VPCC, sy bat binh dSr^
mdu ±udn khdng cdn thiet giiia cac cdng chth^
vien hgp danh. Quy dinh ten gpi cua VPCC phai kem theo hp ten ciia Cdng chiing vien xem ra chi phu hpp vdi VPCC do mgt Cdng chimg vien thanh lap. Tuy nhien. loai hinh VPCC do mpi Cdng chung vien thanh lap lai khdng dupc Lu|t Cdng chiing nam 2014 thira nhdn.
Tir nhihig phan tich neu tren, chiing tdi cbo rdng Lugt Cdng chiing ndm 2014 cdn sdm loai bo quy dinh ten gpi ciia VPCC phdi kem theo hg lea cua mdt Cdng chiing vien hgp danh ma chi nen quy dinh ten ggi cua VPCC phai bao gdm cum tii ' • Vdn plidng cdng chung'' va kem theo ten riei^
do Cdng chiing vien lya chgn vdi dieu ki^n ten rieng dd khdng dupc uiing hodc gay nhdm lan vdi ten cua td chiic hdnh nghe cdng chirng khac;
khdng dupc sir dyng tir ngir, ky hi?u vi phgm truyen thdng lich sir, vdn hod, dgo diic \a thuan phong my tuc cua dan tpc; khdng dupc sir dyng ten CO quan nha nuoc, don vi vu trang nhdn dan, ten ciia td chiic chinh tri, td chiic chinh trj - xa hpi, td chirc chinh tri xa hpi - nghe nghidp, td chitc x8 hpi, td chiic xa hpi - nghe nghi?p d l lam toan b§
hoac mgt phdn ten rieng ciia VPCC7.
MQT S O DIEM M ^ l C U A B O L U A T MINH S I ^ N A M 2 0 1 5 . . . (liep theo trang 57)
Iy ngudi chua thdnh nien pham tdi. co quan tien hdnh to tyng dp dung bien phdp ndy khi cd dii cdc dieu kien sau: I) ngudi dudi 18 tudi pham tpi dupc niien trdch nhiem hinh sy; 2) nguai dudi 18 tudi pham tdi hodc ngudi dai di^n hpp
Tren day Id mdt sd diem mdi co ban ve hinh phgt vd quyet dinh hinh phat cua BLHS ndm 2015 so vdi BLHS ndm 1999 sira ddi, bd sung nam 2009. Nhimg quy djnh ndy da the hi?n sau sac bdn chdt nhan dao trong chinh sdch hinh sv phdp cua hp ddng y vdi viec dp dung bien phap ciia Nhd nudc, d l cao vi?c bao dam vd bdo v?
iha\ the xu ly hmh sy. Bien phdp thay thi xti ly quyln con ngudi, quyln cdng dan bdng cdng c\i hinh sy gdm cd: khien udch: hda giai tgi cpng phap ludt hinh sy, tiie chl hda cdc nghj quylt cua ddng vd giam sdt, gido dye tai xd, phudng, thi Dang v l cdi cdch tu phdp, xdy dyng vd hoan uan. Ddy Id quy djnh nhdm myc dich sdm dua tiiien he tiidng phdp ludt, cu till hda cac quy djnh ngudi chua tiidnh nien ra khdi quy trinh td tung ciia Hiln phdp ndm 2013. ddng tiidi, bdo ddm s^
hinh sy vd ap dung cdc bien phdp xii ly khdc phii hpp, khd till dk dp dung Uong tiiuc tien dau mang tinh gido due - phdng ngira xa hgi nhdm tranh phdng, chdng tdi phgm, tiie hi^n k^ thu$l myc dich chinh Id giup cho hp nhan ro dupc loi IgiD phdp ngdy cdng hoan thien. tao sy ddng b^
ldm. cd thdi dg dn nan hdi cai. khdc phuc sai thdng nhdt Uong he Uidng phdp luat ciia Nha pham (cac Dieu tir 93 den 95). nudc v l chinh sdch hmh sxxJ.
