NGH|£N C Q U THl/C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIElti
PHAT TRIEN HOAT DONG TIN DUNG NONG NGHEP TAI TINH QUANG NAM
©?ng Thu Thny Tdm tdt: Viet Nam la qudc gia cd dac diem kinh ti vai ty trpng khu vuc nong nghiep, nong thon lan, ty I4 doi ngheo cao, cho nen hoat ddng tin dung nong nghiep da ddng vai trd tich cue trong vi^c giup dd ngudi ngheo, nguai CO thu nhdp thap Hip can cdc dich vu tdi chinh de phdt trien hoat dpng sdn xudt nong nghiep, kinh doanh, cdi thien dieu kien vgt chdt. vdn hda vd tinh than. Tinh Qudng Nam la mot trong cdc tinh tgi Viit Nam di ddu trong viec thuc hien chinh sdch tin dung phdt triin nong nghiep nong thon trin dfa bdn Theo do. sdn xudt nong, Idm, thuy sdn thdi gian qua cd su tdng trudng khd on dinh, quy mo sdn xudt theo hudng md rong cdc viing chuyen canh, cdc chuong trinh nong thdn mai dugc tnen khai thi^c hien khd tot.
Tir khda: Qudng Nam; tin dyng nong nghiip; thodt n^
Md'dau
Theo chuan ngheo mdi ciia Chinh phii (chuin ngheo giai doan 2016-2020), tinh din nam 2015, QuangNamcd tdng sdhg dan la 401.722, trong dd hg ngheo la 51.817 hd va hd can ngheo la 24.934 hd. Nguyen nhan Idn nhit din din ty le hg ngheo tren dia ban tinh la do ngudi dan, doanh nghiep thieu vdn san xuat va kinh doanh. Hien nay, mgt trong nhiing kenh hd trg vdn dac luc dk ngudi dan vuon len thoat ngheo, phat trian ndng, lam, ngu nghiep, cai thien ddi sdng chinh la nguon vdn tin dung ndng nghiep. Phat trien boat ddng tin dyng ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam dugc Chinh phii, Uy ban Nhan dan tinh chii Ugng, quan tam va coi la cdng cu phat trien kinh t l hiiu hieu nhit cua tinh.
Vi tri dia ly ciia tinh Quang Nam kha thuan Igi, nim tran true giao thdng BSc Nam, la cira ngo ciia khu vyc Tay Nguyen, gin tiianh phd Ho Chi Minh va khu tam giac kinh tl trgng dilm miln Ddng Nam Bd, thuan Igi cho viec md rgng giao luu kinh te vdi nhieu tinh thanh khac trong khu vyc, ca nude va qudc te. Vdi dudng ven bien dai vdi ban 120 km bd bien, dai ddng bing ven biln phia Ddng la dilu kien thuan Igi dl Quang Nam phat triln san xuit ndng nghiep, nhit la khai thac nudi trdng thiiy hai san. Thu tiidng Chinh phu vira dilu chinh phan loai don vi hanh chinh tinh Quang Nam tir loai II
lan loai I de thay rang sau 20 nam chuyen minli, Quang Nam da dat dugc nhiing thanh tuu phat tnin kha toan dien, bin viing. Mdt mat, Quang Nam ludn tap trung phat trian cdng nghi^p-du Uch- dich vy. Mat khac, van cham lo phat trian san xu5l ndng nghiep, quan ly bao ve rung, phat trian chan nudi, thuy san va xem day la mdt tiong nhung dilu kien tien quyet tao ra sy dn dinh chung ciia xa hpi.
1. Vai net khai quat ve hirdng phat triln tin dung ndng nghiep
Theo Nghi dinh sd 55/2015/ND-CP thi tin dung ndng nghiep dugc bilu la: "Chinh sach phuc vu phat hien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn bao gom mot sd chinh sach, bien phap ciia Nha nude dl tao dieu kien ddi vdi td chiic, ca nhan vay vdn phat trien ITnh vuc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, ddng thdi khuyen khich cac td chiic tin dyng diy manh cho vay doi vdi ITnh vyc nay, nham gdp phan thyc hien tai co cau nganh ndng nghiep gan vdi xay dyng noog thdn mdi va tiing budc nang cao ddi sdng cua nhan dan". Dang va Nha nude ta tiong thdi gian qua da cd nhiau chii truong, chinh sach nhim khuyen khich cac boat ddng phat trian ndng nghiep, nong ' Quy^tdinh s6 1234/QD-TTgngay 18/8/2017 ciia Thii turns Chinh phii ve vice dilu chinh phan loai dan vj hanh chinli tinh Quang Nam
PHAT TRlfiN B £ N VO'NG VUNG QUYtN 8, SQ 1 (3/2018)
BSag Thu Thuy Phat trien hoat d^ng tin dung n8ng nghiep...
thdn giup nang cao ddi sdng ngudi dan, hong dd cd chinh sach tin dung ndng nghiep cho tat ca cac tinh, thanh phd hen ca nude, cu thi gdm Nghi Quylt sd 30/NQ-CP va Quylt dinh 813/QD- NHNN ve khuyan khich phat triln ndng nghiap cdng nghe cao, ndng nghiep sach^; Nghi dinh 55/2015/ND-CP va Thdng tir 10/2015/TT-NHNN ve chinh sach tin dyng phuc vu phat tridn ndng nghiep, ndng thdn; Quylt dinh 68/2013/QD-TTg va Quyat dinh 899/QD-TTg v l chinh sach hd trg nhim giam tdn that trong ndng nghiep va De an
"Tai CO cau nganh ndng nghiep theo hudng nang cao gia tri gia tang va phat trien ben viing".
Cd tha thay, Chinh phii vd ciing quan tam den viec sir dyng tin dung de phat trien triet da nganh ndng nghiep tai ndng thdn. Cac td chiic tai chinh, td chirc tin dyng dugc Dang va Nha nude khuyan khich day manh boat ddng cho vay ndng nghiep, ndng thdn. Ngan hang Nha nude (NHNN) da thyc hien cac bien phap dieu hanh cdng cu chinh sach nan te de hd trg td chiic tin dung vay phat trian ndng nghiep d mgt sd dia ban tiiih tai khu vuc ndng thdn.Tai Hdi nghi Thugng dinh Tai chinh toan dien chau A - Thai Binh Duong td chirc ngay 21-22/3/2017 tai Ha Ngi, Phd thdng ddc Nguyen Thi Hdng da khang dinh: "Dang va Chinh phu Viat Nam ludn quan tam, chii trgng uu tien cho khu vyc ndng nghiep ndng thdn vdi nhiau chii trucmg, chinh sach hd trg dugc ban hanh tiong thdi gian qua. Dac biet, mdi day, Chinh phu da de nghi nganh ngan hang can danh rieng gdi tin dung 100.000 ty ddng da hd trg vay vdn cho cac doanh nghiep ndng nghiep cdng nghe cao, ndng nghiep sacb"^ Ben canh dd, theo nghian ciiu cua Maitra Puska (2014) thi phat trian boat dgng tin dung Trong do co nhac den NHNN chi dao cac ngan hang thirong mai (NHTM), chu lire la cac NHTM nha nu'oc, danh it nhat 100.000 ty dong tir nguon von huy dgng ciia cac ngan hang de thirc hien chirong trinh cho vay doi voi linh vuc nong nghiep ling dung cong nghe cao, nong nghiep sach voi lai suat phii hop (thap hon lai suat thi trucmg); NHNN chii tri, phoi hgp voi Bo Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon trien khai chuong trinh tin dung nay.
^http://thoibaokinhdoanh.vii/ngan-hang/dua-60-trieu-nguoi- dan-nong-thon -tiep-can-voi-dich-vu-tai-chinh-toan-dien- I024396.hmil
ndng nghiep tai ndng thdn ciing gdp phan giiip ngudi dan timg budc tiep can tai chinh hieu qua.
Chinh vi vay, tin dyng ndng nghifp dugc xem nhu la mdt hudng phat trien hong chidn luge tai chinh toan dien ciia qudc gia. Theo Vu Tin dyng cac nganh kitih ta thugc NHIMN thi quy dinh cac td chiic tin dyng cd ty trgng du ng cho vay ndng nghiep, ndng thdn nhu giam ty le dy trii bat budc thap ban so vdi mirc thdng thudng, danh lugng tian cung img hang nam da tai cap vdn hd trg ngudn vdn ddi vdi cac td chirc tin dyng cho vay thugc ITnh vyc phat trian ndng nghiep, ndng thdn.
Ngoai ra, de ngudi dan cd the de dang tiep can vdi ngudn vdn cua cac td chiic tin dung, NHNN da cd nhiing dgng thai tich cyc tiong viec chi dao cac td chiic tin dung tir Trung uong den dia phuang phdi ket hgp phuc vu vdi cac don vi lian quan nhu Trung uong Hdi Ndng dan Viet Nam, Trung uong Hgi Lian hiep Phu nir Viet Nam thdng qua Chuong trinh phdi hgp thyc hien chinh sach tin dung phuc vu phat trian ndng nghiep, ndng thdn theo Nghi dinh 55/2015/ND-CP ngay 09/6/2015 cua Chinh phu'' da tang cudng giiia td chiic tin dung va cac td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi, tao diau kien dua vdn vay dan cac thanh vian nham phat trien san xuat ndng nghiep, xda ddi giam ngheo, dan nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng. Chinh nhiing chinh sach cho vay ndng nghiep, ndng thdn, ban canh hoat dgng tin dung chinh sach ciing giiip nhieu ddi tugng chinh sach, hd gia dinh khd khan cd diau kien san xuat, timg budc thoat ngheo vuon len thoat ngheo.
2. Thyc trang hoat ddng ndng nghiSp tai Quang Nam trong thoi gian qua
Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te tai Bac Trung Bd va Duyan hai mian Trung cd kha nhiau chuyan bien tich cyc. Day dugc xem la khu vyc tigng yeu trong ca nude trong viec phat tnan ndng, lam nghiep, thiiy san. Trong Bao cao Tdm tit kit qua chinh thiic tdng dieu ha ndng thdn, ndng nghiep va thuy san nam 2016 ciia Tdng cue Thdng ke thi sd hd ndng thdn phan theo ngudn thu nhap Idn nhat ciia hd va phan theo viing tai khu vyc Bac Trung
* NHNN ky ket hgp tac (hue hifn chinh sach tin dung phuc vu phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon vdi Hgi Nong dan Viet Nam, Hgi Lien hiep Phu nii Vi?t Nam ngay 24/6/2016.
PHAT T R | £ N BfeN VONG V G N G Q U Y E N 8, SO 1 (3/2018) 87
N G H I E N CCrU THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM
Bd va Duyen hai miln Tnmg nam 2016: (i) Thu nhap hi ndng, lam nghiep, thiiy san la 1.816.200 hg; (ii) Thu nhap tii cdng nghiep, xay dyng la 739.697 hg; (hi) Thu nhap tir dich vu la 770.132 hg; iv) Thu nhap tir ngudn khac la 410.170 hg.
Mac du CO ciu thu nhap cua cac hd ciia nganh ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san da giam 11,30% tii nam 2011 din nam 2016, nhimg vln chilm ty trgng Idn nhit trong toan nganh. Nganh ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, ngu nghiep vin dugc coi la nganh miii nhgn tao ra ciia cai, kinh te cho khu vyc (Tdng cyc Thdng ke, 2016).
Nam 2016, san xuat ndng, lam nghiep, thuy san tai Quang Nam diln ra trong dieu thdi tiet
hien nhilu anh hudng den qua trinh sinh trudng, phat trien cay trdng, con vat nudi... Song, dugc si;
tap tnmg chi dao cua tinh va cua cac cap, cac nganh, nen ket qua san xuat ndng, lam, thuy san tuong ddi dn dinh, duy tri tdc dd phat trien so voi cimg ky nam trudc. Do kat qua ca nam ma nganh san xuat ndng lam thiiy san dat dugc thap hon ky vgng, din den tdc do tang trudng cua toan nganh chi dat miic tang 1,3% so vdi 2015. Gia tri sanxuSt ndng, lam nghiep thuy san nam 2016 (gia so sanh 2010) so bd dat han 12,3 nghin ty ddng, tang 2,4%
so vdi ciing ky nam 2015, trong dd: ndng nghi?p dat 7.838 ty ddng (+0,9%); lam nghiep dat 942 ty ddng (+8%); thuy san dat 3.535 ty ddng (+4,3%) (Cue Thdng ka tinh Quang Nam, 2016).
khdng thuan Igi, cac tac nhan nhu sau, benh xuat
Bang 1: GlA TRI SAN XUAT NONG, LAM NGHIEP, THUY SAN THEO GIA SO S A N H NAM 2010 (Ky bao cao: Nam 2016)
Linh virc
T^ng so Ndng nghiep Trong trot Chan nuoi Djch vu va cac hoat dong khac Lam nghiep Thay sdn Nuoi trong Khai thac
Thirc hien ciing ky nam triro'c (ty dong)
12.028 7.629 5.520 1.994 252
S72 3.390 1.157 2.195
If etc tinh ky bao cao (ty aSng)
12.317 7.S3S 5.460 2.126 252
943 3.563 1.177 2.321
Ky b^o cao so vifi ciing ky n a m trird'C (%)
102,40 102,74 98,92 106,62 100,07
108,09 104,30 101,69 105,74 Nguon: Cue Thong ke tinh Qudng Nam (2016).
Theo Cue Thdng ke tinh Quang Nam thi nam 2016 toan tinh gieo hdng dugc tian 152,2 nghin ha cay hang nam so vdi 2015 giam hem 2.100 ha (- 1,4%); chu yau giam ddi vdi nhdm cay lugng thyc (-2.200 ha) tiong dd cay liia (-1.755 ha), nguyen nhan do chuyen ddi mdt sd dien tich liia khdng hieu qua sang trdng mau va mgt phan dien tich chuyan sang lam cdng trinh cdng cdng: dudng cao tdc, dudng phuc vu dan sinh, nang han... Tinh din cudi nam 2016, chan nudi gia siic, gia cim tilp tuc phat trien kha do gia ban san pham chan nudi ludn d mirc cao va dn dinh, dich benh dugc khdng che.
Theo ket qua dieu tia chan nudi, dan trau ca tinh tai
thdi diem 01/10/2016 cd 69 nghin con, giam 4,4%
so vdi cimg ky nam 2015, dan bd cd 192,4 nghin con (+15%), do chinh sach hd trg chan nudi du(;ic trien khai d nhieu dia phuang va gia thit hoi on dinh, ngudi chan nudi cd lai. Tuy nhien, sd luong dan Ign ca tinh cd 475,2 nghin con, giam 7,0% so vdi cung thdi diem do tam ly ngudi nudi e ngai dich benh, mac dii gia thit Ign hoi dn dinh d miic cao, nan chuyan sang nudi bd va gia cam. Chan nudi gia cam phat trien kha do khdng xay ra dich benh, tai thdi diam 01/10/2016 dan gia cim co gan 6,1 trieu con, tang 9,2% so vdi ciing ky, trong do dan ga cd 4,6 trieu con (+8%).
88 P H A T T R I E N B ^ N VO'NG V O N G Q U Y E N 8, SQ 1 (3/2018)
Bing Thu Thiiy Phat triln hoat d^ng tin dung nong nghifip...
Dien tich rimg trdng tap trung nam 2016 tai Quang Nam udc dat 13.600 ha, tang 3,7% so vdi nam 2015. Sd cay lam nghiep tidng phan tan dat 13,5 trieu cay, tang 3,8% so vdi nam trudc. San lugng gd khai thac ca nam udc tinh dat 750 nghin m\ tang 6,8% so vdi nam 2015. Nguyen nhan chu yau do tieu thy san pham gd nguyen lieu nam nay cd nhiau thuan loi va lugng gd thuong pham din ky khai thac cua ngudi san xuit tang.Tdng san lugng thuy san nam 2016 so bg dat 102.640 tin, tang 5,1% (+4.974 tin) so vdi nam 2015, tiong dd:
san lugng khai thac thuy san dat 82.600 tin (+5,7%; +4.433 tin); san lugng thuy san nudi hdng dat 20.050 tin (+2,8%; +551 tin). Tdng dien tich nudi trdng thiiy san nam 2016 udc dat 8.322 ha, tang 147 ha so nam 2015 (Cue Thong ke tinh Quang Nam, 2016).
Cd the thay hoat dgng ndng, lam nghiep, thuy san tren dia ban tinh Quang Nam da cd nhieu tien trian mang tinh tich cyc. Nhung de phat trien ben vimg, lau dai thi tinh can cd cac phuong an trian khai hgp ly thdng qua viec ket ndi ndng nghiep vdi hoat ddng tin dyng hd tig nhim giiip ba con ndng dan phat trien ndng nghiep theo hudng chuyan sau va hieu qua.
3. Ket qua ho^t dgng tin dyng ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam trong thdi gian qua
Hien nay, tai Quang Nam cd gan 30 td chiic tin dung vdi hem 50 chi nhanh boat ddng tren dia ban tinh de cung cap ngudn vdn va cac dich vy tai chinh, ngan hang cho ngudi dan noi day. Trong dd, h? thdng ngan hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trien nong thdn (Agribank) cd sd lugng chi nhanh, phdng giao dich md dan cap huyen de dap ling nhu cau vdn vay phyc vu ddi sdng va boat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep ciia ngudi dan. He thdng ngan hang chinh sach xa hgi (VBSP), Ngan hang Hgp tac xa, Quy tin dyng nhan dan, cac td chiic tai chinh vi rad da gdp phin hd trg ngudi ngheo, ngudi cd thu nhap thap tiep can ngudn vdn tin dung, cung nhu cac dich vy tai chinh phyc vy ndng nghiep, ndng thdn mdt each thuan tien va phu hgp.
Tai Hdi nghi xiic tiln dau tu vao tinh Quang Nam nam 2017, NHNN tinh Quang Nam da bao cao cu tha Thii tudng Chinh phu Nguyin Xuan Phiic va cac lanh dao tinh ve dau tu va tai trg vdn ciia cac ngan hang tren dia ban tinh^, cy thi tinh den 28/2/2017, tdng du ng ciia cac td chiic tin dung tai dia ban tinh udc dat 46.031,83 ty ddng, chilm ty trgng 0,82% so vdi toan qudc, tang 1,51% so vdi thang trudc. Trong dd, du ng cho vay bang VND chiem 91,76% tdng du ng cho vay; du ng cho vay trung, dai ban chiem 52,18% tdng du ng cho vay.
Dang chu y, mgt phin kha Idn ngudn vdn dugc cac td chifc tin dung dieu chuyen tir cac noi khac ve dap ling cho nhu cau tai Quang Nam trong thdi gian qua. Bdi theo NHNN, so vdi tdng du ng 46.031,83 ty ddng, lugng vdn cac td chirc tin dung huy ddng dugc tai chd udc tinh den 28/2/2017 mdi dap ling dugc 38.268 ty ddng. Hoat ddng diau chuyen vdn va Quang Nam cd thuan Igi trudc hat d chat lugng an toan tin dyng. Udc tinh din cudi thang 2/2017, day la mdt trong nhiing dia ban tren ca nude cd ty le ng xau d miic nhat, chi chiem 0,72% tdng du ng.
Nhirng nam gan day, Quang Nam la mgt hong nhiing dia ban hgng diem trien khai cac chuong trinh tin dung uu tien, nhu cho vay phyc vu phat trien ndng nghiep, ndng thdn theo Nghi dinh 55/2015/ND-CP ciia Chinh phu vdi du ng din hit thang 2/2017 udc dat 7.880 ty ddng; cho vay xay dyng ndng thdn mdi udc dat 7.378 ty ddng; cho vay ddng mdi, nang cap tau ca theo Nghi dinh 67/2014/ND-CP cua Chinh phii da ky kit 60 hgp ddng tin dyng vdi tdng gia tri cam ket dau tu 666,45 ty ddng, sd tien da giai ngan dat 607,36 ty ddng^... Ben canh chat lugng tin dung vdi ty le ng xau rat thap, cac td chiic tin dung gia tang ngudn vdn cho vay tai Quang Nam ciing nham Igi ich sat sudn, nham nam bat co hdi dau tu theo xu hudng chuyen djch kinh te dang the hien ro net.
http •//vn ec onomy. vn/tai -chinh/vi-sao -ngan-han g-dieu-long- von-lon-ve-quang-nam-20170326I15914766.hltn http7/danviet.vii/kinh-te/6-ngan-hang-cam-ket-tai-tro-hon- 26-nghin-ty-cho-10-du-an-o-quaiig-nam-756373.htmi
PHAT T R | £ N B E N V O N G VUNG Q U Y E N 8, S6 1 (3/2018) 89
NGHIEN CI>U THLfC NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM
Bang 2: TONG TIEN GUI HUY D O N G , D U NO TIN DUNG NONG NGHIEP TAI TINH QUANG NAM TtT 2013-2016
Dim vi: ty VNB N$i dung/Nam
Tong tien giri huy dong Du no tin dung Tin dung nong nghiep
2013 16.827 23.887
2014 20.670 26.749 8.384
2015 25.712 33.924
2016 35.120 43.556 7.355 Ngudn: Vu Tin dungcdc ngdnh Mnh te - Ngdn hdng Nhd nu&c VietNam (2017).
Theo Vy Tin dung cac nganh kinh te - NHNN, cac td chiic tai chinh tien dia ban tinh Quang Nam da ludn chii trgng, tich cyc dau tu tin dung phuc vy ddi sdng va phat trian san xuit kinh doanh. Hang nam, miic du ng tin dung dau gia tang ro ret, tir nam 2013 din 2014, miic tang la 11,98%, tilp dd nam 2015 tang 26,82% so vdi cung ky nam 2014 va den nam 2016 la 28%. Vay chi tiong vdng 3 nam tii nam 2013 din 2016, du ng tin dung da tang gan gap ddi so vdi ciing ky nam 2013 dat hon 43 nghin ty ddng. Rieng hoat ddng cho vay thugc linh vuc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tai Quang Nam din cudi nam 2016 da dat 7.355 nghin ty ddng, tuy cd giam hon so vdi ciing ky nam 2014, nhung van chilm ty trgng Idn tiong tdng du ng tin dyng. Cho vay ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tgi Quang Nam tap trung d mdt sd linh vuc nhu: chi phi chan nudi, thu mua, che biln, bao quan, tiau thu ndng san, chi phi trdng trgt, lam nghiep, thu mua, che bian, bao quan va nau thy thiiy san tai dia ban. Ngudi dan tai Quang Nam ciing dugc hudng Igi tii chuang frinh cho vay hd tig ngu dan danh bit xa bd, chuang trinh uu dai tin dung cua Agribank, cac ngan hang thydng mai, VBSP... Ngoai ra, viec cho vay thdng qua he thdng Quy tin dung ndng thdn va cac hinh thiic cho vay vdn thdng qua td tilt kiem va vay vdn (Dang Thu Thuy, 2017a). To tilt kiem va vay vdn la td chiic do cac td chuc chinh tri - xa hdi hoac cgng ddng dan cu tir nguyen tiianh lap tien dia ban hanh chinh tinh va dugc Uy ban nhan dan xa, huyen tiijc thugc chip nhan bing van ban. Hoat ddng ciia td tiet kiem va vay vdn do VBSP hudng dan. VBSP ludn cd ging Idng ghep cd hieu qua hoat ddng tin dung ndng nghiep vdi boat dong hd trg ky thuat, chuyen giao cdng nghe, khuyin cdng, khuyen ndng, khuyen lam, khuyin ngu va hoat dgng ciia cac td chirc chinh hi - xa hdi nhim muc
tiau mang ngudn vdn tin dyng dan vdi ndng dan tai khu vyc ndng thdn hong dia ban tinh de phat triln san xuit, dn dinh kinh doanh, thoat ngheo bin viing va dam bao an sinh xa hdi. Trong nhiing nam qua, ty le ng xau trong boat dgng cho vay tai cac tl chiic tin dung trSn dia ban tinh Quang Nam khong qua cao. Theo Vy Tin dyng cac nganh kinh tl thi nam 2016, ng xau tai td chiic tin diang d Quang Nam chi ta 387 ty ddng, chilm 0,88%. Day daqc xem la miic ng xiu thip, tha hian nhiing cl gang, nd lyc tir nhiau phia: tir Chinh phu, tir phia chinh quyan dia phuong, cac td chiic tin dyng, cac doanh nghiap va ca tir phia ngudi dan, doanh nghiap trSn dia ban tinh trong viec cap ngudn vdn vay dung ngudi, diing vi?c va viec sir dung hieu qua cac khoan vay tir phia ngudi thy hudng.
Ben canh boat ddng tin dung ndng nghiep, ho?it ddng gui tiln ciia ngudi dan cung cho thiy, ho?t ddng san xuat kinh doanh tai dia ban tinh da co nhiau chuyen biln tich cyc. Ngudi dan, ho gia dinh, doanh nghiep vira dn dinh phat triln ho?t ddng san xuat ndng, lam nghiep, thiiy san vira gia tang tai san tich liiy, nang cao chit lugng cu5c song. Can bd tai cac chi nhanh Agribank, VBSP, Hdi doan tha. Ban quan ly td tilt kiem va vay vln va ngudi dan vay vdn nhan thiic diy dii vl y nghia, tac dung cua viec thyc hanh tilt kiem (Dang Thu Thuy, 2017b). Theo Vy Tin dyng cac nganh kinh te, tdng tien giii huy ddng tilt kiem tir ngudi dan da gia tang nhanh chdng hen dia ban tinh Quang Nam; tii nam 2013-2016, tdng tiln gui huy dong trong dan, doanh nghiep tai Quang Nam da tang 18.293 ty (udc tang ban 108%). Day dugc xem la thanh cdng tilp theo sau viec cip tin dung cho ngudi dan, doanh nghiep tai tinh Quang Nam hong thdi gian qua.
90 PHAT T R I ^ N B S N V L / N G V U N G Q U Y ^ N 8, SQ 1 (3/2018)
Bgpg Thu Thuy Phat trilp hoat dyng tin dung nong nghifp...
Ngoai nhiing hd trg mang tinh vi md tir phia Nha nude, Chinh phii v l hoat ddng cip tin dyng cho ca nhan, doanh nghiep trong linh vuc ndng nghiep thi Chinh quyln, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Chuang Nam ludn cd nhiing ddng vien, tac ddng kip thai nham phat trian mgi boat ddng kinh t l tai tinh, dac biet la boat ddng phat tridn ndng nghiep, ndng thdn - mdt boat dgng mui nhgn, mang tinh lau dai va ban viing. Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Nam va Hgi ddng nhan dan tinh Quang Nam da dua ra nhilu van ban hudng dan, khuyin khich triln nganh ndng nghiap thdng qua cac hoat ddng cip tin dung: Quylt dinh 2526/QD-UBND ngay 14/7/2017 cua Uy ban nhan dan tinh Quang Nam ve Ka hoach thyc hien Chuong trinh myc tieu qudc gia xay dyng ndng thdn mdi tinh Quang Nam, giai doan 2016-2020; Nghj Quylt 12/20I7/NQ-HDND ngay 19/4/2017 cua Hgi ddng Nhan dan tinh Quang Nam ve Phat trian kinh te - xa hgi miln nui tmh Quang Nam giai doan 2017-2020, dinh hudng den nam 2025...
Ben canh nhiing kit qua cua boat ddng tin dyng ndng nghiep hd trg ndng dan, ndng thdn tai tinh Quang Nam van cdn kha nhiau khd khan, vudng mac. Trudc khi tim ra cac giai phap, phuang an thao gd, chiing ta phai nhin nhan mdt each khach quan, trung thuc nhiing bit dn, rao can gay khd khan trong viec cip tin dyng ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam, cu thi:
(i) Dau tu tin dyng ddi vdi linh vyc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tai tinh Quang Nam tiam an nhilu rui ro ve thien tai, thdi tilt, biln ddi khi hau va vin da d nhiem mdi trudng anh hudng trye tilp dan hoat ddng san xuat, chan nudi va phat trien thuy san. Trong thdi gian qua, tai Quang Nam ndi riang va khu vyc mien Trung ndi chung van thiau cac cdng cu phdng ngira va ban che rui ro trong san xuat ndng nghiep. Ban canh dd, hoat dgng bao hiem vi md', bao hiam ndng nghiep lai chua dugc
' Theo T6 chirc Lao dpng Qu6c te (2008) thi "Bio hiem vi mo la mpt ca che de bao ve ngu6i dan ngheo tnroc cac rui ro (tai nan, benh tat, ti> vong, thien tai..., nhimg doi lai, ho phai fhanh toan mgt khoan phi bao hiem phii hop voi nhu cau, thu nhap va miic do rui ro Bao hiem vi mo thuong nham vao
trian khai hieu qua va rgng rai. Hon nira, thi trudng dau ra ciia cac san pham ndng nghiap thudng khdng dn dinh do sy canh tranh gay gat va sy bao hd thdng qua cac hang rao ky thuat cua cac nude nhap khau. Day thuc sy la mdt khd khan thach thiic Idn ddi vdi viec dau tu vao linh vyc tin dung ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tai Quang Nam.
(ii) Theo Ket qua Tdng diau tia hd ngheo, can ngheo vimg Duyen hai Nam Trung Bd nam 2015, tinh Quang Nam cd tdng sd hd dan la 401.722, trong dd sd hd ngheo la 51.817 (chiem 12,9%) va hg c$n ngheo la 24.934 (chiem 7,23%) tdng sd hg ngheo trong toan khu vyc. Tai Quang Nam tinh dan cudi nam 2015 van cdn ba huyan ngheo la Phudc Son, Tay Giang va Nam Tra My - day dugc xem la nhiing huyen dac bi^t khd khan, rat can nhan dugc sy trg giiip cua Chinh phu, Uy ban nhan dan tinh, huyen thdng qua cac chuang trinh tin dyng ndng nghiep, tin dyng chinh sach ciing cac uu dai dac biet. Chinh nhiing khd khan trong cugc sdng se khd tao nen ngudn lyc de phat trien san xuit ndng nghiep.
(iii) Viec cho vay ludn phai dugc gin liln vdi tai san dam bao, the chap, nhung khi nhiing ngudi ndng dan chi cd tai san dat ndng nghiep la thii gia hi nhat vdi hg, song lai khdng cd nhieu gia tri ddi voi cac td chiic tai chinh cap khoan vay. Tai ndng thdn Viet Nam ndi chung va Quang Nam ndi rieng thi tai san hinh thanh tir cac dy an tren dat ndng nghiep phuc vu cho chinh boat ddng san xuat ndng nghiep thudng khdng dugc cip giiy chiing nhan quyan sd hiru tai san tian dat. Day chinh la nhiing khd khan, rao can cho doanh nghiap, ngan hang, cac td chirc tai chinh trong viec dinh gia va nhan tha chap tai san dam bao cho mdi khoan vay ciia ngudi dan.
(iv) Cd mdt sd nguyen nhan ma anh hudng gian tiep den kha nang tiep can cac dich vu tai chinh, cac khoan vay ndng nghiep ciia cac hd ndng dan, hgp tac xa, doanh nghiep tai Quang Nam cac nuoc dang phat trien, ngiroi lao dpng co Chu nhap thap, dac biet la nhung nguoi lam trong kJiu vuc phi chinh thiic, nhimg nguoi co xu hucmg khong dir^c bao dam boi cac chircmg trinh bao hiem xa hoi".
PHAT TRltN B&N V Q N G V U N G Q U Y E N 8, S6 1 (3/2018)
NGH1£N CCfU THU'C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM
chinh la nang luc san xuit, kha nang tai chinh va nang lyc canh hanh. San xuit ndng nghiep tai dia ban tinh cdn manh miin, thudng chii yau la kinh ta hg nhd le, san xuit theo phuang phap hnyln thdng, nen nang suit cdn chua cao. Ban canh dd, khu vyc kinh tl tap thi cd quy md nhd, kha nang tai chinh, ciing nhu quan ly cdn nhiau bat cap, ban che, khdng cd phucmg an san xuat lau dai, ban vung.
Doanh nghiep tai Quang Nam chu yau la nhd va vua, phin Idn tham gia vao cac cdng doan san xuat va chudi gia tri toan ciu, chua cd cac san pham ndi tigi, chu lyc ciing nhu mang tam vdc qudc gia, qudc te.
5. Giai ph^p nhim phat trien hoat dong tin dung ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam trong thdi gian tdi
Cd thi thiy rd boat dgng ndng nghiep tien dia ban ndng thdn tinh Quang Nam la ITnh vyc uu tien va can nhan dugc sy phdi hgp vdi cac Bd, ban, nganh cd lian quan de cimg dua ra cac giai phap phu hgp nhim phat trien ddng bd, bin viing khu vyc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tai dia ban tinh. Tinh Quang Nam cung nhu mdt sd tmh thanh trong ca nude gap khdng it khd khan khi trien khai mdt loat cac chuang tiinh tin dyng hd hg nham nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng ciing nhu cai thien cac tiau chi danh gia ndng thdn mdi hien nay (Td Nggc Hung, 2016). Day manh dau tu tin dyng tai Quang Nam gdp phin thyc hien Da an tai co cau nganh ndng nghiep theo md hinh lian kat, san xuat hang hda Idn va ling dung cdng nghe cao, hong do tap trung vao cac san pham the manh ciia dia phuang nhu chan nudi, thuy san... gdp phan nang cao chat lugng san pham phuc vu xuat khau va tieu dung trong nude, tao tien de nang cao thu nhap, ddi sdng ciia ngudi dan. Ben canh dd, cac td chiic tin dung tai dia ban tinh ludn cung ling cac san pham va dich vu ngan hang phii hgp vdi dac thii linh vyc ndng nghiep, ndng thdn tai Quang Nam nham nang cao kha nang tiep can ngudn vdn tin dung ndng nghiep cho ngudi dan va doanh nghiep.
Viec trien khai hieu qua hoat ddng tin dung thugc linh vyc ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam gap khdng it khd khan can phai thao gd, ciing nhu can su phdi hgp nhip nhang, ddng bd vdi cac Bd, ban.
nganh, dia phuong va sy chi dao ddng bd tir phia Nha nude, Chinh phu. Tac gia xui phep dua ra mgt sd giai phap nham thiic day boat ddng tin dung ndng nghiep tai dia ban tinh Quang Nam hong thoi gian tilp theo nhu sau:
Thir nhat, cin cd sy phoi hgp nhjp nhang giira cac Bg, ban, nganh trong viec xay dyng, hien khai cac CO chi chinh sach lien quan den boat dgng tin dyng ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam. Chmh quyln dia phuang can dua ra hudng phat trian ddng bp vdi dinh hudng "tai co cau nganh ndng nghidp theo hudng nang cao gia tii gia tang va phat hien hSn viing" mdt each cd hieu quaphu hgp vdi diic diem ty nhien, dilu kien kinh te - xa hgi tai dia ban tinh.
Thu hai, nang cao chit lugng cdng tac quy hoach va quan ly quy hoach trong san xuat che biln va tiau thy san pham ndng, lam, thiiy san Igi thi cua tinh, dam bao phii hgp vdi quy hoach tong tha cua tinh, ciing nhu nhu ciu cua thi trudng. Day manh cdng tac xiic tien thuong mai nham hd tro san xuit ndng nghiep tai Quang Nam nham tim kilm thi trudng tiau thy dn dinh cho cac san pham ndng, lam, thiiy san tha manh cua dia phuang.
Thu ba, viec cap tin dung cho ndng nghiep can cd sy long ghep vdi cac boat dgng hd hg ky thuSt, chuyen giao cdng nghe, khuyan ndng, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu tai dia phuang. Song song vdi do, chinh quyln dia phuong can chii ddng nhan rOng cac md hinh san xuit, kinh doanh, nudi hdng hiSu qua tai timg dia ban trong tinh tdi cac hd gia dinh, doanh nghiep de hg cd tihiing budc di hieu qua trong viec sir dung ngudn vdn phat trien ho^t dpng ndng nghiep ciia minh.
Thir tu, tiap tyc triln khai chinh sach bao hiem ndng nghiep dap ting nhu cau, nguyen vgng va phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc ta tai Quang Nam hong giai doan phat trian kinh t l hien nay.
Thu nam, day manh cho vay tiau dimg ddi vol ddi tugng la ca nhan, hd gia dinh nham timg bucrc nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng ciia dan cu nong thdn va xay dyng ndng thdn mdi trong bdi canh hien nay.
PHAT T R I E N B E N V O N G V U N G Q U Y ^ N 8, s o 1 (3/2018)
Bang Thu Thuy Phat trien hoait dgng tin dung nong nghiep...
Thic sdu, tang cudng cdng tac tuyan truyan v l chinh sach tin dyng ndng nghiep, ciing nhu Igi ich ma tin dyng ndng nghiep mang lai cho ngudi dan va doanh nghiep. Ben canh dd, can phat trien xay dyng ha tang co sd cdng nghe da ngudi dan tian dia ban tinh Quang Nam cd thi d l dang tiep can dugc vdi cac dich vy tien tian hong linh vuc tai chinh va ngan hang.
Kit luSn
Chiing ta cd the thay ro hieu qua thilt thyc ma boat dgng cung iing dich vy tin dung ndng nghiep
tai Quang Nam ddi vdi ngudi dan, hd gia dinh, doanh nghiep cd mong mudn phat trien hoat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh trong ITnh vyc ndng, lam, ngu nghiep. Chinh phu, cac co quan ban nganh, chinh quyen dia phuang da va dang trien khai hieu qua cac chuang trinh tin dung tdi ngudi dan giiip dia ban tinh Quang Nam cd them ngudn vdn hieu qua de phuc vu san xuat, kinh doanh, tao viec lam, cai thien ddi sdng va gdp phin thuc hien muc tiau ma Chinh phu da de ra trong giai doan phat trien kinh t l nam 2010-2020.
T^i li^u tham khao
1. Cue ThSng ke tinh Quang Nam (2016). Tinh hinh kinh ti - xa hoi tinh Qudng Nam thdng 12 ndm 2016. Nxb Thing ka.
2. Cue Thing ke tinh Quang Nam (2017). Men g/flm/ftongAe/i«A guangA'am nam 2076. Nxb Thing ke.
3. Dang Thu Thity (2017a). Ngdn hdng Chinh sdch xa hot - Diem tua cho nguai ngheo phdt triin sdn xudt kinh ti.
Ky ySu H^i thao Quoc gia ve "Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi - 15 nam mgt chang dudng". Nxb Lao dgng - Xa hoi.
4. Dang Thu Thuy (2017b). Phdt triin hoat dpng tin dung chinh sdch tcti cdc tinh Duyen hdi Nam Trung bo. Ky ylu Hoi thdo Quoc gia ve "Thiic day tiep can tai chinh toan di$n phat trien kinh tl xa hoi c4c tinh Nam Trung B6".
Nxb Lao dgng.
5. Maitra Puska (2014). Financial Inclusion for agricultural growth: An alternative approach. Monash University.
6. To Nggc Hung (2016). Gidi phdp tin dung cho ngudi ngheo voi chuang trinh xdy dung nong thon moi. De tai nghien ciiu khoa hgc cap nganh NgSn hang.
7. Tong cue Thong ke (2016). Bdo cdo tdm tdt kit qud chinh thuc Tong dieu tra nong thon, nong nghiap vd thuy sdn ndm 2016. Nxb Thong ke.
8 Vu Tin dung cac nganh kinh tl - Ngan hang Nha nude Viet Nam (2017) Chinh sdch lin dung nong nghiep ndng thon thuc day tdi chinh todn dien khu v^rc Nam Trung Bp. Ky yeu Hoi thao Quoc gia ve "Thiic day tiep can tai chinh toan dien phat trien kmh te xa hgi cac tinh Nam Trung Bg". Nxb Lao dong.
Thdng tin tac gia:
Dang Thu Thuy, TS
- Don vi cong tac: Hgc vien Ngan hang - Dia chi email: [email protected] vn
Ngay nh$n bai: 23/11/2017 Ngay nhan ban siia: 27/11/2017 Ngay duyet dang. 05/1/2018
PHAT T R | 6 N B £ N VO'NG V O N G Q U Y ^ N 8, SO 1 (3/2018) 93
