TIN HOAT DONG KH&CN TAP CHI TTKH&CN
UfNG DUNG PHlfOfNG PHAP TIEP CAN CO Slf THAM GIA CUA CAC BEN (TSNA) DE XAY DI/NG CHl/tfNG TRINH DAO TAO TRONG DIEU KIEN HOI NHAP VA PHAT TRIEN
Nguyin Qudc Nghi, Nguyin Thj My Linh ', Tran Ldi'
T O M T A T
Dao tao theo nhu cau xa hdi la xu hUdng ta't ye'u cua nen giao dijc hien dai. Dedap dng nhu cau xa hdi, ddi hdi cac dan vi dao tao phai khdng ngiing nang cao chat lUang dao tao. Mat trong nhdng giai phap quan trgng de nang cao chat luang dao tao la cai tie'n chuang trinh dao tao. Bai viet nay iing dtjng phuang phap TSNA dexay diJng chuang trinh dao tao nham nang cao chat luang dao tao, dap dng nhu cau xa hdi va hdi nhap qud'c te.
A B S T R A C T
How to produce preferred graduates that meet social demands is an important issue to develop education. Educators always find out the way to improve education quality in order to meet the social demands of labor farce. One of important solutions that improve education quality is innovation in training programs. This study apply the TSNA method to set up training programs that can improve education quality in order to produce preferred graduates that meet social demands.
Title: Applying TSNA method to set up training programs for intergration and ' development.
1.DATVANDE
Ngay nay, chat Iddng dao tao ngay cang dddc cac ddn vj dao tao ngudn nhan ldc quan , tam. Dieu nay dddc the hien thdng qua viec thddng xuyen thay ddi va cap nhat chddng trinh dao tao cua cac ddn vj nay. Tuy nhien, hien nay khong nhieu ddn vj dao tao thdc hien vied xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao cd sd tham gia cua doanh nghiep va san pham dao tao. Song song dd, Bp Giao due va Dao tao dang yeu cau cac trddng dai hpc trien khai cupc van dpng
"Noi khdng vdi dao tao khdng dat chuan, khdng dap dng yeu cau xa hdi". De nang cao chat Iddng dao tao trong xu the hpi nhap va phattrien, ddng thdi thdc hien tdt cupc van dpng tren, thiet nghT xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao cd sd tham gia cCia doanh nghiep va san pham dao tao la rat can thiet ddi vdi cac ddn vj dao tao ngudn nhan ldc.
2. GICll THIEU PHI/ONG PHAP TSNA
__ Phddng phap TSNA (Training Social Needs Analysis - TNA) la phddng phap tiep can cd sd tham gia cCia cac ben co lien quan trong dao tao (ddn vj sd dung, ddn vi cung cap va ddn vj dao tao). Lfng dung phddng phap nay se giup nha nghien cdu tha'y dddc nhOng "khoang
trd'ng"g'\Ua "nhu cau"va "ngudn ct/ngr"trong qua trinh dao tao ngudn nhan ldc. Ket qua phan tich cua TSNA lam cd sd cho bddc xac djnh nhu cau xa hpi ve dao tao tiep theo. L/ng dung phddng phap TSNA nghien cdu tiep can ddng thdi vdi ba ddi tddng ndi tren. Vdi each tiep can nay se cho biet nhu cau xa hpi ve chat Iddng dao tao dddc xac dinh td cac ddn vj sd dung lao dpng, ngudn cung cua cac ddn vi dao tao. Quan trpng hdn la xem kha nang dap dng cong viec cua nhan ldc da dddc dao tao, nhan djnh ve chddng trinh dao tao cija chinh hp. Phan tich nhu cau xa hpi ve dao tao ngudn nhan ldc bao gdm cac bddc tiep can sau:
' Tnrdng Dai hoc Can Thd, ' Tnfdng t)ai hoc Vo Tnfdng Toan, ' Tnfdng Dai hoc Tra Vinh.
^ Sol (001) 'Nam thai,
TAP CHf TTKH&CN TIN HOAT DONG KH&CN
Bddc 1: Tie'p can (trao ddi, phong van, ...) cac ca nhan phu trach ddn vj, td chOc, dja phddng, xa hpi dang sd dung ngudn nhan ldc ket hdp vdi phan tich xu hddng phat trien cua
nen kinh t e d e x a c d j n h nhu cau x a h p i v e dao tao. ' Bddc 2: Tiep can cac ca nhan da tham gia chddng trinh dao tao thong qua trao
ddi/phong van de biet ve san pham dao tao.
Bddc 3: Tim hieu cong viec thdc te cd lien quan den chuyen nganh dao tao tai cac ddn vj, td chdc, dja phddng, xa hpi thong qua di thdc tetai mpt sd cd sd sd dung nhan ldc de biet cu the hdn ve chat Iddng dao tao.
Danh gia chinh xac nhu cau dao tao se giup cac ddn vj dao tao (cac trddng dai hpc, cao dang, trung cap.cac vien,...) biet dddc nhu cau dao tao, dac biet la cac yeu cau cu the ve chat Iddng ngudn nhan ldc tO do cac ddn vj dao tao se dieu chinh djnh hddng dap dng ngudn nhan ldc phu hdp vdi yeu cau xa hpi.
3. LJfNG DUNG PHUCiNG PHAP TSNA TRONG XAY D U N G C H I / O N G T R I N H DAO TAO
DdNVI DAO TAG NHAN LUC
i k i
( (
(i)
•
2) 1)
CHUONG TRINH DAG TAG
(iii)
..SAN PHAM DAO TAG
4
(ii)
(3)
DON VI SU" DUNG NHAN LUC
'^ A k
Hinh 1: Ufng dung phUdng phap TSNA xay dUng chUdng trinh dao tao De xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao, chung ta cd the dng dung phddng phap TSNA de tim ra nhOng "khoang trdng"Xtonq qua trinh dao tao ngudn nhan ldc. Dda vao hinh 1, chung ta se xac djnh nhOng "khoang trdng": (1) giOa ddn vj dao tao nhan ldc vdi ddn vj sd dung nhan ldc; (2) giOa ddn vi dao tao nhan ldc vdi san pham dao tao; va (3) giOa ddn vj sd dung nhan ldc vdi san pham dao tao. .
Chung ta cd the tim ra nhOng "khoang trd'ng"trer\ thong qua cac phddng phap phan tfch trong nhOng nghien cdu co lien quan dddc thdc hien bdi cac ca nhan, cac td chdc nhd:
Appllo Education ang Training (2009), Hema Subramonian va Pragash Ari Ragavan (2006), Bruce C. M. Tsui, Maria M. K. Yiu, va Joey W. T. Jou (2009), Mai Thanh Cue va Nguydn Thj Minh Thu (2009). Cac phddng phap nghien cdu dddc sd dung bao gdm ca nghien cdu djnh Iddng va djnh tinh, chung ta nen ket hdp ca phddng phap nay de ke't qua phan tich cd dp tin cay va chinh xac cao. Mpt sd phUdng phap nghien cdu dddc sd dung phd bien nhd: PRA (phong van cd sdtham gia), thao luan nhom, tham van chuyen gia, phan tich thdng ke mo ta, phddng phap so sanh, phan tich crosstab, phddng phap kiem djnh so sanh cap (Paired - Samples T - test) va phan tich nhan td (Factor Analysis), va mpt sd phddng phap khac.
Sol (001) 'Nam thai
TIN HOAT DONG KH&CN ' TAPCHfTTKH&CN
Sau khi xac djnh dddc nhOng khoang trdng, chung ta tien hanh xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao dda tren viec "giai quyet" nhOng "khoang trdng" vda tim ra. Viec phdi hdp ba ddi tddng (ddn vj dao tao nhan ldc, ddn vj sCf dung nhan ldc va san pham dao tao) trong viec xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao la rat can thiet va mang tinh khoa hpc, vi cac ly do sau:
(I) Ddi vdi ddn vj dao tao nhan ldc: Ddn vj dao tao ddng vai trd chu dao trong viec xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao. Viec xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao can co sd tham gia gop y cua nhOng nha khoa hpc, nhOng can bp giang day nhieu kinh nghiem. Hpi ddng Khoa hpc va Dao tao cac cap cua cac'ddn vj nay se xem xet va tham djnh chddng trinh dao tao vda mang tinh hdp ly va vda mang tinh khoa hpc dda theo qui djnh cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao va nhOng ngudn ldc san cd cua ddn vj.
(ii) Ddi vdi ddn vj sd dung nhan ldc: Lanh dao cac ddn vj nay trong qua trinh sd dung- ngudn nhan ldc tO cac ddn vj dao tao se co nhOng nhan xet, danh gia rat khach quan ve san pham dao tao. Vi the, viec tham gia cua doanh nghiep trong viec xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao la can thiet. NhOng gdp y thie't thdc hay y kien de xuat se lam cho chddng trinh dao tao ngay cang mang ti'nh thdc t i l n , tinh xa hpi.
(iii) Ddi vdi san pham dao tao: Sau khi tiep nhan dddc nhOng kien thdc trong nha trddng, nhOng sinh vien (san pham dao tao) se phai diig dung kien thdc da tiep thu vao thdc t i l n cong viec minh phu trach. Trong qua trinh van dung dd, chinh nhOng san pham dddc dao tao se td danh gia dddc ban than minh v i n con thieu sdt nhOng diem nao hay can bd sung nhOng kien thdc gi trong ITnh vdc minh phu trach. Chfnh vi the, xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao se rat can cd sd tham gia gdp y xay ddng cua cac san pham dao tao de chddng trinh dao tao ngay cang hdp ly va hieu qua hdn.
Tuy nhien, ngoai viec xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao dap dng yeu cau xa hpi thi chung ta cung can quan tam den tinh lien thong cua chddng trinh dao tao. Trong qua trinh hpi nhap va phat trien, mpt chddng trinh dao tao mang tinh linh hoat, "mem deo", cd the lien thong cac bac hpc, lien thong giOa cac ddn sd dao tao trong va ngoai nddc, dac biet la cac ddn vj dao tao danh tieng tren the gidi thi dd mdi la chddng trinh dao tao mang tinh khoa hpc va ti'nh xa hpi. Dd la chddng trinh dao tao ma hien nay nhieu ddn vj dao tao dai hpc, sau dai hpc cua nddc ta dang hddng den.
4. KET LUAN
Trong xu the hpi nhap va phat trien, doi hoi cac ddn vj dao tao phai luon van dpng, luon ddi mdi va hoan thien chinh minh. Mpt trong nhOng viec lam rat quan trpng, can phai c o s d dau td ddng mdc do la xay ddng chddng trinh dao tao vda mang tinh khoa hpc, ti'nh xa hpi vda mang tinh hien dai. Va de thdc hien dddc dieu nay, cac ddn vj dao tao phai thddng xuyen danh gia lai chddng trinh dao tao cd sd tham gia cua doanh nghiep va san pham dao tao, ddng thdi cap nhat nhOng chddng trinh dao tao tien tien cua cac ddn vj dao tao ndi tieng tren the gidi. Day la xu hddng van dpng ta't yeu cua sd phattrien giao due hien dai. Neu cac (Xem tie'p trang 22)
