Nghien ciJu hpc sinh ngiTcii dan tpe thieu sd
cap Trung hpc cd sol bo hpc: ThiTc trang va giai phap
Tran Thi Y6n Vi?n Kfioa fioc Giao dye Viet Nam 101 Tran HUng Oao, Hoin Ki^m, HaN6i,Vi?tNani BnaiJ- yenttclt@gmail,com
TOiVI TAT: Nghien cdu hgc sinh ngddi din tdc thieu sd cap Trung hge ed sd bo hgc la mgt trong nhdng nhiem vu quan trong, eung cap nhdng can cd khoa hgc va thde tien lam cd sd de xuat cac giii phap, dda ra cac kien nghi doi vdi Chinh phu, Bg/nganh va cac dia phddng nham giim thieu tinh trang bd hge cua hge sinh trung hge cd sd ngddi dan tdc thieu so, gop phan hoan thanh mue tieu nang eao trinh do dan tri, tao nguon dao tao nhin Idc co chat lugng ngudi dan too thieu sd.
T D KHOA: Dan tdc thieu so; Trung hoc cd s d ; b6 hpc.
•» Nhan bai 13/3/2020 ^ Nhan ket qua phan bien \i chinh s^a 20/3/2020 •& Djyet darg 25/3/2020
1. Dat van de
Trong sir ngliiep cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nuac va hoi nhap quoc te, de phat trien ben vijng kinh t6, van hoa, xa hgi a virng dan tpe thieu so (DTTS) va miSn nui thi dong bao cac dan toe anh em co vai tro quyet dinh va la chu the cua qua trinh phat trien ben vung a nhung Viing nay. Vi vay, phat huy ngi lure cua cgng dong cae DTTS de phat trien la nhu cau tat yeu va la nhan td dam bao cho sir phat trien ben vung d vung DTTS va mien niii.
Thirc te a viing DTTS va mien nui hien nay, mac du giao due trung hgc ca sa (THCS) da dat pho cap giao due va dang dan dat toi pho cap THCS dung do tu5i, chit lirgng giao due dugc cai thien va nang cao nhirag d m6i dia phucmg, moi vimg kinh te - xa hoi khae nhau d vung DTTS va mien nui vin t6n tai linh trang hpc sinh (HS) noi chung, HS THCS ngucri DTTS noi rieng bo hpc. Ton tai nay dien ra a tkt ca cae khoi/ lap va dang co xu huong tang len mat khae tinh trang bo hpc tap trung chii ySu 6 mpt so DTTS (tgc nguod). Vi vay, van da dat ra ckn nghien cim thuc trang tinh hinh HS THCS ngudi DTTS bo hpc, xae dinh ro nguyen nhan de tir do co nhirng giai phap giam thj6u va khSe phuc tinh trang bo hpc, hoan thanh mue tieu nang eao trinh dp dan tri, tao ngu6n dao
tao nhan lire co chSt lupng nguoi DTTS. Bai vi§t nay se tap trung phan tieh HS nguoi DTTS ckp THCS bo hpc trong giai doan 2016-2019.
2. Npi d u n g nghien eu'U
2.1. Thifc trang hpc sinh dan toe thieu so trung hoc cd sU bi hoc
Ket qua nghien cim trong 3 nam hgc 2016-2017,2017- 2018, 2018-2019, quy mo frucmg, lop THCS ttong toan quoc giam (eae dia phuong dang thuc hien quy hoach he thdng), quy mo HS tang (xem Bang 1).
Hien tugng HS THCS bo hpc co sir khae nhau giua cac vimg kinh te - xa hpi, vimg DTTS va miSn niii co ti le HS bo hpc cao hon vimg ddng bang va do thj. Ti le HS THCS bo hpc xu hudng giam, ti le HS hoan thanh chuong trmh THCS tang len. Vdi vimg DTTS va mien mii eon co sir chenh lech kha ldn ve ti le HS bd hpc.
Trung du va mien nui phia Bac co ti le bd hgc thap hon ti le chung cua ca nudc; Tay Nam Bd va Tay Nguyen ti le bd hpe cao hon ti le ehung (xem Bieu dd 1).
HS THCS d viing DTTS va HS ngudi DTTS bd hgc vdi sd luong dang ke va khae nhau d tren tat ca cac khia canh, nhu: gidi tinh, khoi ldp, dan tgc (tpe ngudi) va didu kien kinh te xa hpi.
B^ng 1 ; Tong hdp tnfdng, ldp, HS THCS toan qudc giai ^oan 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 1 9
Nam hoc
2016-2017 2017-2018
TrUdng THCI
Tong s^
10.928 10.939
Trong do Cong lap 10.837 10.887
Ngoai cong lap 55 52
LSp
Tdnj so
151.669 153.582
Trong io Cong lap 149.662 151.380
Ngoai c6ng li 2.047 2,202
(SL)
5.235.524 5.373,639
2018 - 2019 151.684 149.380
(Ngudn: Bd GD&DT, thing 11 nam 2019. ...
l . ^ &
1 Trung du &' MN ph[a Bdc
• 2016-20171 1.32
• 2017-2018' 1.32
• 2ai&-2019, 0 71 ' TSy Nguyen
1.69 1 2B" " '
TSyNa Bp 3.04 3.04 157"
(Nguon: Bg GD&BT, thdng 11 nam 2019) Biiu dd I: Ti le HS THCS bo hoc nam 2016 - 2019
Bang 2: Tong hop HS THCS A vung DTTS b6 hoc
.MlfrMl? .2017-MIB .Z01fr2013
Hi
0 6 0 0 5 6III
HSTHCSbihflc HS CITTS THCS bo hoc I H S r B DTTS THCS b i
(Ngudn: Bdo cdo cua UBND 32 tinh viing DTTS vd mien nui, thdng 1! ndm 2019 (Bdo cdo Hpi dong Ddn tgc Quoc hpi) Biiu dd 2: Ti le HS THCS a viing DTTS vd mien niii bo hgc
2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019
1,914 238 1,968,378 2.006,189
921 452 942,107 967 496
18.151 14.350 13 224
7.470 5.650 5 444
650 818 678,120 693,249
312.551 324.650 333.759
9.662 8.560 7.823
3,935 3.264 2.991 (Nguon: Bdo cdo ciia UBND 32 tinh viing DTTS vd mien niii, thdng 11 ndm 2019 (Bdo cdo Hpi dong Ddn toe Quoc hpi) B a n g 3 : T o n g h d p t h e o khoi I6p s d liTcfng HS THCS ngUdi DTTS bd h o c
2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019
8 817 7,706 7,276
3 487 3,141 2.967
2,063 1.687 1.610
801 640 606
2.090 1.844 1694
770 722 662
2,500 2.226 2.056
1,007 925 899
2.164 1.949 1.916
909 854 800 (Nguon: Bdo cdo cua UBND 32 tinh vi^ngDTTS vd miin nui. thdng 11 ndm 2019 (Bdo cdo Hpi ddng Ddn tgc Qudc hpi)
- V e gidi tinh, thdng tin tir Uy ban nhan dan ( U B N D ) cac tinli v u n g D T T S va mien nui cho thay, sd l u g n g H S D T T S bd hpc chiem ti le cao, trong dd H S nam bd hpc nhiSu h o n H S nir (xem B a n g 2),
T i le H S T H C S vung D T T S bd hgc dang cd xu h u d n g g i a m d k : 0 , 9 5 % (2016-2017) va 0,66% (2018-2019).
H S D T T S bd hgc chiSm ti le cao hon: 1,48% (2016- 2 0 1 7 ) ; 1,13% (2018-2019) va eiing theo xu h u d n g giam d§n n h u ca vimg. V e gidi tinh, ti le H S nii bd h g e thap h o n H S n a m d viing D T T S ndi c h u n g va H S nir D T T S ndi rieng. X u h u d n g bd hgc ctia H S nif D T T S d a n g giam dSn: 3.935 H S (1,26%) n a m 2016-201va 2.991 H S (0,90%) n a m 2018-2019 ( x e m B i S u d d 2).
- T h e o khdi ldp, sd l u p n g H S D T T S bd hpc tang dSn tir ldp d a u cdp (Idp 6) den ldp cudi cSp (ldp 9), trong dd ldp 8 ed ti le H S bd hpe cao nhat va dieu nay d i l n ra doi v d i ca H S n a m va H S nir. NSu xet rieng timg khdi idp thi ti le
IS Nff LfiP e DTTS B 6 HOC
i S N & t e p G 0 T T 5 B 6 H g C IOAI
" 3 8 32 97 000 siM laoo 15.00 2000 2500 aoco 201B-J019 • ! o i 7 - j o i s . s o i e - z o i ?
(Nguon: Bdo cao cua UBND 32 tinh vung DTTS vd miin nui.
thang 11 nam 2019 (Bao cdo Hoi dong Ddn tdc Qudc hoi) Bieu dd 3 • Ti le (%) HS THCS ngudi DTTS bo hoc theo gi&i tinh
H S D T T S b o hpc d a n g giam d i n tir nam hoc 2 0 1 6 - 2 0 2 7 d i n n a m hgc 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 1 9 (xem Bang 3 va Bi6u d ' 11
- T h e o dan t6c (toe ngiroi), h a u hgt cac dan t" d ' •
TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
HS bd hgc. Song dan tdc co sd lupng HS bd hgc cao (tren 10 HS/nam hpc) tap trung vao 23/53 dan tgc, cac tinh mi6n nui phia Bac gdm cac dSn tgc: Mdng, Dao, Niing, Tay, Mudng, Thai...; cac tinh Tay Nguyen gdm cac dan tgc Xe Dang, Jrai, EDe, M'Ndng...; cac tinh duyen hai nii6nTrung gom cac dan tgc: Cham, Raglai, Van Kieu...;
cac thih Tay Nam bg gdm cac dan tdc Khmer, Cham,...
M^t khae, cung mgt dan tgc (tgc ngudi) d nhung vung ldnh tg - xa hdi khae nhau thi ti le bd hgc khae nhau, dan tpe Mdng d Ha Giang bd hpe nhieu, dan tdc Mdng d Thanh Hda bd hpe it. Nhu vay, khai quat thirc trang HS THCS ngudi DTTS bd hpc giai doan 2016 - 2019 nhu sau:
- Qua trinh phat trien GD&DT d vimg DTTS va mi6n nui con tdn tai hien tupng HS THCS noi chung, HS THCS ngudi DTTS ndi rieng bd hgc (khong hoan thanh dugc chuong trinh THCS).
- Ti le HS THCS ngudi DTTS bd hgc dang giam dSn, tir 1,48% nam 2016-2017 xudng 1,13% nam 2018-2019 (v6 sd luong giam tir 9.662 HS cdn 7.823 HS). GiiJa cac vimg, mien, ti le HS bd hgc cd khae nhau: Trung du va mien mui phia Bae cd ti le bd hpe thap (thap hon ti le cua ca nudc); Tay Nam Bd, Tay Nguyen cd ti le bd hpc cao (cao hon ti le cua ca nudc).
- Trong s6 HS THCS ngudi DTTS bd hpc, HS uQ bd hpc it hon HS nam, Tdt ca cac khdi ldp (ldp 6 den ldp 9) deu CO HS bd hpc, trong do; HS ldp 6, 7 ti le bd hpc thap, HS ldp 8, 9 ti le bd hpc eao. Trong timg khdi ldp (ldp 6/ ldp 7/ ldp 8/ ldp 9) ti 1^ bd hpc giam dan (tir nam hpc 2016-2017 dgn 2018-2019).
- Tat ca cac DTTS (53 dSn tdc) dku cd HS THCS bd hpc va ti le HS bd hgc khae nhau giiJa cac dan tdc (tdc ngudi) va ciing khae nhau trong cimg mpt dan tdc nhung dinh cu d viing kmh tl - xa hdi khae nhau.
2.2. Nguyen nhan hgc sinh dan toe thieu so cap Trung hoc col sd ii6 hoc
Tir thuc trang va ket qua tham dd y kien cua can bp quan li (CBQL), giao vien (GV), cpng ddng va bao cao cua cac tmh, cd thd thdy nguyen nhan HS ngudi DTTS cdp THCS bd hgc, dd la: Hien tupng HS bd hgc la mdt ket qua (han che) eua qua trinh giao due, ket qua nay do nhigu nguygn nhan khae nhau. Cd thg khai quat thanh cac nhdm nguyen nhan sau: Nguyen nhan tir phia HS (chit thg); nguyen nhan hi phia nha trudng; nguyen nhan tir phia gia dinh - xa hdi; Nguyen nhan hi phia chinh sach dan tdc, ehfnh sach giao due dan tgc (chinh sach d^c thu). Hipn hrgng HS THCS ngudi DTTS bd hgc cd thS li giai nhu sau:
•__Hien tugng HS THCS bd hgc: Digu nay hoan toan ngSu nhien, trong qua hinh giao due vdi nhigu nguydn nhan khae nhau ludn cd ti 16 nhdt dinh HS bd hge. Cd the HS bo hpe vi li do bdt kha khang nhu dm dau, gia dinh
cd hoan canh dac bigt, hay do nhung li do chii quan HS ty bd, hoae tac dpng tir bd me da budc eae em bd hpe d nha lao dpng giup gia dinh hoae ldy vp ldy chdng,.,. Do v|y, du la nguyen nhan hj nhdm nao deu cdn cd giai phap hd tra phu hgp dg giam ti le bd hgc, giiip cac em hoan thanh ehuong trinh THCS dl cac em cd thg diam gia thi trudng lao dgng vdi trinh do THCS - trinh do pho cap (Luat Giao due, 2019).
- Ti le HS THCS bd hgc gidm: Ti le HS bd hgc giam ddng nghia vdi ti le HS hoan thanh chuong trinh THCS tang lgn: Thu nhdt, cd thg khdng dinh phan ldn HS DTTS da cd nhan thirc diing vg ddng co hgc, tinh thdn, diai dd hgc tap. HS trudng phd thdng dan tgc ban hii (PTDTBT) ndi: "Em ed gang hgc de sau nay vg que lam du lich - Trich phdng van HS qua nghign ciiu didn hinh", phu huynh HS nhan thuc dugc sir can thilt dam bao viec hgc cho con em hg. Mdt phu huynh DTTS ndi vdi hieu tnrdng tnrdng PTDTBT "Toi phai di lao ddng xa (Trung Qudc) eudi nam mdi vg, cho tdi giii chau vdi thay va nha trudng) - Trich phdng van eha me HS qua nghign ciiu dien hinh"; Thu hai, nganh Giao due va cac dia phuong quan H, chi dao thirc hien tdt chuong trinh, kg hoach giao due; ddi mdi phuong phap, hinh thtic day hpc va kiem tra danh gia theo dinh hudng phat tnen nang lue cua HS; day manh hoat ddng giao due hudng nghiep, giao diJC nghg phd thdng va thuc hien tdt phan luong HS sau THCS;
td chlie tdt ddi sdng ndi tni eho HS trudng PTDTBT, phd thdng dan tgc ndi tni (PTDTNT); Thu ba, he thdng trudng Idp dugc cung cd, hoan thien vg moi mat. Dae biet la he thong trudng PTDTBT, frudng PTDTNT phat huy tac dung va hieu qua, ed vai trd quan trpng dam bao du digu kien cho mgi tre em DTTS dugc dgn trudng, duy tri ket qua phd cap giao due THCS; Thu tu, che do ehinh saeh ddi vdi HS trudng PTDTBT, trudng PTDTNT, ehinh sach ddi vdi HS ban tru, dan tdc rat it ngudi,...
dugc cac dia phuong thuc hien diing, dii, kip thdi, la ddng lire giiip cho HS DTTS din trudng va hoan thanh chuong trinh THCS.
- Vitng Trung du vd mien nui phia Bdc ti le HS bd hgc thdp; Tdy Nam Bg, Tdy nguyen ti li HS bo hgc cao: Deu la nhimg vimg kinh tl - xa hgi khd khan, dac biet khd khan song sir phat triln giao due cac tinh Trung du mign niii phia Bdc nhanh, toan dien hon so vdi Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam Bd. Dieu nay cd nguyen nhan eo ban quyet dinh cho su phat h-iln giao due THCS d cac tinh Trung du va mien nui phia Bdc la dpi ngii CBQL cae trudng hd THCS, su vao cugc eua cdp iiy, chinh quyen, he thdng chinh tri va xa hgi d dia phuong.
- HS nir bo hgc it han HS nam. N6u di hgc diing tudi thi HS THCS cd do tudi hi 11-14. 6 do tudi nay, cac em phat triln vd thg chdt. Cac em nam cd thi tham gia lao ddng cimg vdi ngudi ldn. Cac em i._ .. •.. -. - ---, • . - "•
me, dan anh,.,.) ve thanh ph., •,•..'«* ,u,, ,^^,--....-,..,,--.-^,
Tmng Qude (cac tinh phia Bdc) dl lao ddng kilm tiln dap ijmg nhu cau chi tieu ca nhan, hoae phu giup gia duah.
- Ti le HS bd hoc khde nhau giUa cdc ddn tdc vd cdng khde nhau trong cimg mgt ddn tgc nhung dinh cu a vung kinh te - xa hgi khde nhau: Cac tinh mien niii phia Bac HS dan tde Mdng, Dao (Bac Kan, Lai Chau, Ha Giang ...);
dan tgc Tay, Nimg (Lang Son, Cao Bang); dan tdc Bahnar, Jrai, E De (Tay Nguyen); dan tdc Khmer (Tay Nam bd);
dan tdc Cham, Raglai (mien Trung),... Nhu vay, nguygn nhSn chu ygu la do dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi khd khan, nhu cau muu sinh ldn dan tdi nhan thiic ve viec hpc ban che cho con em nghi hgc tham gia giai quyet nhu cau sinh ke cimg gia dinh hoae lay vg, chdng sdm.
2.3. Giai phap khae phuc tinh trang hoc sinh dan tpe thieu so trung hoc cd sd bo hpc
Tir nghien eiiu thuc trang, nguygn nhan va kgt qua tham do ve cae y kien cua CBQL, GV va thong tin tu bao cao eiia UBND cac tinh cd thg khai quat nhung giai phap mang tinh dinh hudng nham giam thigu Men tugng HS DTTS bd hpe:
- Tang cudng vai trd lanh dao ciia Dang va su chi dao chat ehe ciia chinh quyen eae cdp. Dac biet la sir nd lire cua ban chi dao phd cap cac cap tii' tinh, huyen, xa va sy phdi hpp tdt giua eae ban nganh doan the trong viec van dgng HS den trudng, kiem tra, khao sat thudng xuyen tinh hinh hge tap thyc te cua HS tren dia ban dan cu.
Tang cudng cdng tac tuyen truyen, van ddng, nang cao y thiie trach nhiem ciia timg ngudi dan va cgng ddng dan cu trong qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vy giao due, van dgng, nang eao nhan thirc cho phu huynh HS vg tam quan trgng eiia viee hpe va tao dieu kien eho cac em hpe tap that tdt, vg viec giao due con cai, gdp phdn ban chl tinh trang bd hgc eiia HS.
- Cac nha trudng, nhat la cae trudng PTDTNT, ban tni, trudng cd HS DTTS theo hoe can nam bat tam tu, nguyen vgng ciia HS, nhat la HS ed hgc luc yeu, kem, HS ca biet dg cd bien phap dgng vien, bdi dudng, giiip do cac em kip thdi. Ket hpp vdi gia dinh de tim ra nhiing nguyen nhan ciia timg tinh hinh cu the dg ed the giao dye va ngan ehan kip thdi tinh trang HS bd hge. Ddi moi phuong phap day hpc, chii y van dung cae phuong phap giao due dac thu vdi ddi ttrpng HS ngudi DTTS va HS d viing kinh tl - xa hdi dac biet khd khan. Nhimg vung cd dli dilu kien, tilp hie thye hien giao due song ngu d tieu hgc tao nln tang vl chat lupng giao due cho cap hpe eao hon (THCS va Trung hpe phd thdng); Ddy manh giao due van hda dan tdc va tri thiie dia phuong nliam phat triln toan dien vl nang lye, pham ehdt va nhan each HS ngudi DTTS chudn bi ngudn lao ddng co chdt lugng phat triln kinh tl - xa hdi viing DTTS va mien mii.
- Huy ddng cac ngudn va mi tien cac ngudn luc tang cudng ddu hi xay dyng co sd vat ehat hirdng ldp hpc.
trang thilt bi day hoe cho eae tmdng viing sau, vung xa, vimg ddng bao DTTS, nhdt la he thong cac huong PTDTBT va hudng cd HS ban mi. ,. ,
- Chinh quyen dia phuong cdn phdi hgp vdi cac co^so giao due, ea sd giao due nghi nghiep, cae doanh nghiep, cdng ti hien cd tren dia phuang md nhigu ldp dao tao nghg phi. hgp vdi kha nang cua HS DTTS, phdi hgp vm cac cdng ti, don vi hiyin dung cho HS, sinh vien sau khi tdt nghiep cac ttudng eao ddng, dai hgc, tnidng nghe eo viec lam dn dinh.
- Kip thdi thao gd nhung khd khan ddi vdi dan di cu tu do hen dia ban cac tmh Tay Nguyen, Mien mii phia Bdc chua cd hd khdu nhung da sinh sdng lau dai, dang chd cdp hg khdu dl HS eon em cae hd nay duge hudng chinh saeh.
- Tang cudng cdng tac quan li lao ddng la ngudi DTTS di lao ddng d nude ngoai bdt hgp phap d cac tinh mien mii phia Bac (lao ddng "ehui" sang Trung Qude).
- Thyc hien nghiem hic, diing, dii, kip thdi cac chinh sach midn giam hpc phi, hd trg chi phi hgc tap, hd trg HS va tnrdng phd thdng d xa, thon dac biet khd khan.
- Ddi chilu, ra soat viec thue hien cac chi sd phat triln bin vimg giao due va dao tao (muc tieu phat trign ben viing - SDG4) vimg DTTS va mign niii kip thdi c6 giai phap day nhanh tien dp dap ung muc tieu da dg ra.
2.4. Mot so kien nghj a. Ddi vdi Chinh phu
- Can ddi ngudn lye de thuc hidn Chuong trinh muc tigu giao due vimg niii, vimg DTTS, viing khd khan giai doan 2016 - 2020 (thye hien Nghi quylt sd 73/NQ-CP ngay 26 thang 8 nam 2016 cua Chinh phu phe duyet chit trucmg dau tu cae Chuong trinh mue tieu giai doan 2016 - 2020), trong dd ed co che, chinh sach dau tu hpp li ddi vdi muc tieu dau tu co sd vat chat Chuong trinh kien cd hda trudng, ldp hpc va nha cdng vu GV giai doan 2016 - 2020.
- Khdn truong xay dung Chuong trinh muc tieu Qudc gia phat triln kmh tl - xa hdi viing DTTS va miln mii giai doan 2021 - 2030 theo Nghi quyet sd 88/2019/QH14, gdm 10 dy an, trong dd ed du an 5: Phat trien giao due va dao tao, nang cao chdt lupng ngudn nhan lye.
b. Ddi vai Bd/ngdnh
Cdn cd CO chl, chinh saeh cho HS DTTS, HS vimg cd dieu kien kmh^ te - xa hpi dac biet khd khan do la-
- Sira ddi, bd sung Nghi dinh s6 86/2015/ND-CP ngay 02 thang lOnam 2015 cua Chinhphit Quy dinh vl CO chl thu, quan li hoc phi doi vdi co sd g.ao due thudc he thdng giao due qudc dan va chinh sach miln
giam hoc phi, hd tro ehi phi hoe tap tir nam hoc 2015 - ^ni*; ^^ ' - i 2020-2021. • 2016dennamh„c
- Ban hanh De an cung co va phat triln he thtoi TDTBT va trudng ph6 thong co HS ban trii g truong
TIP THi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
2018 - 2025 sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd chinh sach ho trg HS ban hii va trudng PTDTBT quy dinh trong Nghi dinh 116/ND-CP ngay 18 thang 7 nam 2016 ciia Chinh phii.
- Dilu chinh, sua ddi, bd sung hoae thay thg ndi dung Thdng hr lign tjeh so 109/2009/TTLT/BTC-BGDDT ngay 29/5/2009 ciia Bd Tai chinh va Bp Giao due va Dao tao "Hudng dan mdt sd ehe do tai ehinh doi vdi HS eae tnrdng PTDTNT va cac tnrdng dy bi dai hpe dan tgc" vi nhimg bat cap khdng phu hgp vdi thyc te hien nay.
- Nam hge 2020 - 2021, bdt ddu trien khai thyc hien Chuang trinh Giao due phd thdng mdi theo hudng phat triln pham chSt va nang Iyc cua HS la ca hpi de nang cao nhan thire, hinh thanh dpng ca va thai dd hpc tap dung dan eho HS DTTS la giai phap tdt nhat de giam thilu tinh trang bd hpe. Vi vay, Bg Giao due va Dao tao cdn chi dao, hudng ddn dia phuong vimg DTTS va miln
•iii nghien ciiu lua chgn, sir dung nhiing giai phap giao due phii hgp (ngdn ngii, van hda va vung mien) vdi ddi Wong HS DTTS.
c. Bdi vol dia phuang
- Trong thdi gian chd dieu chinh, sira ddi, bd sung chinh sach mdi ddi vdi HS DTTS va cac ddi tupng cd lien quan tigp hie thyc hien day dii, kip thdi nhiing chinh sach hien hanh. Ddng thdi, dua vao ngudn Iyc eua dia phuong xay dung ban hanh ehinh sach hd trp phat trien giao due tai dia phuong.
- Cap liy, ehinh quyen va nganh Giao due cac dia
phuang vimg DTTS va miln mii ttong qua trinh chi dao, thuc hien kg hoaeh phat ttiln giao due cdn dac biet quan tam tdi eong tac truyin thdng dl nang cao nhan thuc phap luat eua cdng ddng, eha me HS ve quyln tte em, quyln dugc hpc tap ciia ixc em. Dae biet la ddi vdi HS DTTS - la chii the cua qua trinh giao due. Do vay, cae boat ddng day hpe, boat ddng giao due phai giiip HS nang eao nhan thiie vg ddng ca, tinh thdn, thai dp ttong hge tap.
3. K^t iuan
Hien hipng HS bd hpc ndi chung, HS ngudi DTTS eap THCS ndi rieng la nhiem vu quan trpng khdng chi chi nganh Giao due ma ea he thdng ehinh tri va xa hdi can quan tam ban trong bdi canh thue hien Chuong trinh Giao due phd thdng mdi (2018). Bdi day chinh la ngudn nh3n luc - la chu thg - la ndi luc gdp phdn phat trien kinh te - xa hdi viing DTTS va miln mii. Do vay, cdn ed ea che, chinh sach cho HS ngudi DTTS, HS vimg cd dieu kien kinh tl - xa hgi dac biet khd khan, trong do tap tnmg vao nhiing van de uu tign chu yeu nhu hge phi; trudng/ldp; chuong trinh, ndi dung, phuong phap,...
phii hpp vdi dae thit HS ngudi DTTS sinh sdng va hpc tap tai vimg DTTS va miln niii. Cd nhu vay, mdi giam thieu dugc tinh ttang HS ngudi DTTS bd hpc dong nghia vdi viee giam thieu dugc he luy keo theo khi HS ngudi DTTS bd hpc.
Tai li^u tham khdo
[1] HaDirc Da, (2019), Phdn luong sau Trung hpc casd vung ddn tpe thieu so, Ki yeu Hoi nghi tong ket nghi quyet 24/
NQ- TW vl cong tac dan toe.
Ha Dire Da (d6ng tac gia), (2018), Ddi m&i chi do cu tuyen ddp icngyeu cdu phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc tgi cho ngudi dan lac thieu so - Tap chi Giao due, thang 4 nam 2018.
Tran Thj Yen (dong tac gia), (2018), Chinh sdch cie tuyen g vdn de cdn ton tgi trong qud trinh thuc thi - Tap [2]
[3]
chl Khoa hoc Giao due, so 02 thang 2 nam 2018.
Tran Thi Yen, (2018), Phdt trien gido due ddn toe trong boi cdnh cdch mang cong nghiep 4 0, Ki yeu hoi thao Quoc te, Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, thang 02 nam 2018.
Trdn Thi Yen (dong fac gia), (2019), Phdt triin ndng luc ngon ngit cho tre em ngudi ddn toe thiiu so trong gido due: Nhii-ng bdi hpc kinh nghiem tir thuc tiin. Tap chi Khoa hoc Giao due, so 17, thang 5 nam 2019.
RESEARCHING ON ETHNIC MINORITY STUDENTS
AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL DROPPING OUT OF SCHOOL:
CURRENT SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
Tran Thi Yen
^ Welnam National Institute of Educational Sciences 101 Tran Hung Dao street,
Hoan Kiem district, Hanoi, Vietnam Email yenM@gmail,com
ABSTRACT: Researching on ethnic minority students at secondary school level dropping out of school is one of the important tasks, which provide a seientifie and practical basis to propose solutions, give out the petitions to the Government, Ministry and localities in order lo minimize the drop- out rate of the ethnic minority secondary school students, contributing to achieving the goal of improving the intellectual level of the people and developing high quality human resources for ethnic minority.
KEYWORDS: Elhnic minorities; secondary school; drop : - -
