OUAN LV GIAO D U C
NGUON NHAN LUC CUA CAC DOANH NGHIEP THUY SAN TAI KIEN GIANG: THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN
TllS. Tnrong Ngoc Khdnll - Doanh nghiSp Thuy san Nguyin Nh& (Kiin Giang) PGS.TS. NguySn Thj Kim Anil - Trw&ng Bgi hgc Nha Trang SUMMARY
Human resources development for fishery enterprises is an important issue to develop social - economic of Kien Giang province. In recent years, the status of training and using of human resources for fishery sector in Kien Giang have not been appreciated properly. Therefore, this study has focused on solving these problems and proposed solutions: Reorganization of production (I), Ensure human resources in terms of quantity andfit structure (2), Improving the quality of human resources (3), Development skill of qualification (4), Maintain and develop the elements of encouragement (5), Proposal of mechanisms and policies to develop the fishery sector which increase in the fishery labors demand (6).
Keywords: Human resources, human resources development, number and structure of human resources, quality of human resources.
Ngay nh^n bid: 20/5/2014; ngay duy^t dSng: 25/5/2014 I. D^t van de
Kign Giang Id mpt tinh phia Tay eiia Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long nam trong vung vinh Thdi Lan. "Kien Giang cd vj thg dia IJ, chfnh tri quan trgng. Id tinh ddng bang nhung ed rirng, nui, bien, ddo, cd ngudn tdi nguygn phong phii da dang, cd tiem ndng rat Idn vl cdng nghiep, ndng nghiep, thuong mai djeh vy vd d$c biet Id thiiy sdn vdi vung bien rgng. Kign Giang cd thdp dan sd tre, ty 1? ngudi trong dg tudi lao ddng chilm khodng 2/3 dan sd toan tinh. Tdng sd lao dgng thudng xuyen trong 3 ITnh vyc (khai thdc, nudi trdng, ehl biln) ciia ngdnh thiiy san tai Kien Giang ndm 2011 Id 170.960 ngudi.
Tuy nhien, ngdnh thiiy sdn phdt trien chua tuong xung vdi tilm nang vd cdn bpe Id nhilu khd khdn ddc biet Id ngudn nhan lye ehua ddp ung vdi sy phdt trien
kinh tl - xa hgi ciia Tinh. Ben canh dd, Viet Nam dd thdng qua diem trung binh cua thang do khodng. TCr bao gom: 1) Dam bao ngudn nhan lye dii vd sd lupng va CO cau phu hcfp; 2) Nang cao chdt lucmg ngudn nhdn lyc; 3) Phdt trign trinh dd Idnh nghg; 4) Phdt trien khd ndng 1dm viec nhdm.
Su dung phucmg phdp xep hang theo tieu thirc Id can ed de xae djnh mire dp quan trpng cua cdc yeu td dnh hudng din tuygn dyng vd su dyng ngudn lyc t?i 90 doanh nghiep: So li^u sa cdp dugc thu thdp thdng qua 90 mdu dieu tra thugn tien thue tg bang bdng cau hdi, phdng vdn tryc tigp ciia cde nhd quan ly lign quan dgn tuygn dung va su dung ngudn nhan lye; Da li^u tliu cdp dupe thu thap tEii Sd Ke hoaeh - Ddu tu, Sd Ndng Nghiep, Sd Lao dpng va Thucmg binh Xa hdi, bdo cdo tdng kgt tinh hinh thyc hien eac chi tieu kinh te xS hpi hang nam ciia TP. Rach Gia,... Kit qud dieu tra dugc thong ke mo td bang phdn mSm SPSS,
hdi nhdp WTO, bdi canh thg gidi va trong nude hien nay ed nhilu bien ddng Idn, vira Id thdi eo song cung d$t ra nhilu thdch thdc (Kinh tl, ATVSTP, gid cd,...) cho ngdnh thuy san Kidn Giang.
Trudc thyc tien dd, viec nghien cim Ihye trang tuyin dyng vd sudyng ngudn nhan lyc eho cdc doanh nghiep ngdnh thiiy sdn tai Kien Giang dl tim ra cae gidi phdp phdt triln ngudn nhdn lyc Id yeu edu cdp thilt trong qud trinh phdt triln kinh tl - xa hgi ndi
do, xdc djnh mde dp dnh hudng ciia cae ygu td din viee tuyen dung va sir dyng ngudn nhan lyc.
in. Ket qua nghign cuu
Trong sd 90 nhd qudn ly trd Idi bdng cdu hdi khdo sat thi sd ngudi ed nhdm tudi tren 45 tudi chilm 15,6%, nhdm tudi 41- 45 chilm 35,6%, nhdm tudi 37- 40 chilm 32,2%, nhdm tudi 31- 36 chilm 13,3%, eon nhdm tudi dudi 30 chilm ty If 3,3%.
Sd nam idm cdng tdc quan ly tuong ddi ddi, cy chung vd thuong m?i ndi rieng theo xu hudng hgi thg:Tii:5den 10 ndm chilm ty le 37,8%, tren 10 nam nh^p kinh tl qude tl. chilm 16,7%, dudi 5 nam chilm ty le 43,2%.
IL NOi dung vd phucmg phdp nghien cihi Trinh dg hgc vdn ciia cae nhd quan ly t^i cdc NQI dung nghien cim phdi trien ngudn nhdn tyre doanh nghiep thiiy san tuong ddi cao, trinh dp sau
TAP CHfTHirrBIGlAOOgC-Sd 106-6/2014 • 5
Q U A N LV G I A O DUC
diii hpc chilm 1,1%; D?ii hpc Id 38,9%; Cao ddng va trung hpc la 38,9%; Trinh dp hpc vSn thdp tu Idp 10 -12 chilm ty 16 21,1%.
Can cd vdo kit qud tinh todn khdo sat cd the rdt ra mot sd danh gia sau:
1. f>anh gia chung vl thue trang phdt triln ngudn nhan luc trong cae doanh nghifp thuy sdn tai Kien Giang
- Ve sd lupng: Cung vugt qua cau trong thj trudng lao ddng.
- Ve chdt lugng: Chdt lugng ngudn nhan luc cdn thieu hut so vdi nhu cdu. Chua cd giai phdp hihi hif u de ddo tao ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao, ehua cd nhdng chuyen gia dau nganh va nhdng can bd ky thu&t gidi, cd tdm huyet, nhiet tinh ddng gdp vao sy phdt trien chung cua doanh nghiep.
- v l phdt trien trinh dg Idnh nghe: Cdc doanh nghigp thuy sdn chua cd sy quan tdm dung mde nhdm phat huy tdi da hidu qua cua eac nhdm lam viec hieu qua, chi dimg lai d sy phan edng, giao nhiem vy theo ydu cau edng tdc.
NhQng tdn tai, h^n ehl trong qud trinh phdt triln ngudn nhdn lyc tai cae doanh nghigp thuy sdn xuat phdt tir nhQng nguygn nhdn chu yiu sau ddy:
- Chfnh sdch thu hut ngudn nhan lyc chua hoan chinh, chua hip d§n dg thu hut nhan tdi.
- Che dp bd tri, su dyng ngudn nhan lye cdn mang ndng tinh chu quan, dp dat.
- Chi dp ddo tao vd ddo tao lai eon ygu kgm.
- Cdc chfnh sdch ve khuyen khieh vgt chdt tinh thdn cdn han che dan din hifu qua phdt trien ngudn nhdn lyc ehua cao.
- Tdc phong vd tinh chuyen nghipp cua nhdn vign chua dugc quan tam dung mde va tien hdnh mdt cdch bdi bdn, khoa hpc de gdp phdn hdu hieu cho phdt triln ngudn nhdn lyc.
2. Giai phdp phdt trien ngudn nhan lyc cho cdc doanh nghiep thiiy sdn t^i Kign Giang
Trgn CO sd dilu tra nghien cuu thyc trang vd nhdng ygu cdu phdt triln ngudn nhan lyc cua cdc doanh nghiep thuy san tai Kign Giang, cdn eac nhdm gidi phdp sau:
a. Nhdm gidi phdp td chuc lai sdn xuat theo dinh hu&ng quy hoaeh tdng the phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi tinh Kien Giang thdi ky ddn ndm 2020
- Ddi vdi khai thae thuy sdn: Td chuc lai sdn xudt khai thdc hai sdn xa bd, trgn eo sd eo cdu l^i tau thuyin, nghl nghiep phu hpp vdi cdc vung biln, tuyIn biln, vdi mdi trudng ty nhign, nguon Igi thuy sdn.
- Ddi vdi nudi trdng thuy sdn: Dua nhanh tiln bO khoa hpc ky thudt, cde bien phdp qudn IJ tien tiln (GAP, BMP, CoC,...) vdo cdc viing nudi trdng thuy sdn tdp trung de tdng ndng sudt, san lugng vd ddm bao ehdt lugng, an todn v? sinh thyc phdm, tao ra ngudn nguydn lieu Idn cung cdp cho cdc nh^
mdy chi biln.
- Ddi vdi chi biln vd tieu thy sdn phdm: Xdy dyng CO ehl lign doanh, lign kit gifla ndng ngu ddn sdn xudt nguyen lieu vdi cdc nhd doanh nghigp (trong vd ngoai nude) trong chg bien thuy sdn.
b. Nhdm gidi phdp dam bdo nguon nhdn lifc vi sd tiegng vd ca cdu phii hop
- Xay dung kl hoaeh, quy hoaeh ngudn nhdn lyc thdy san: Xdy dung ke hoaeh thu tuyen nhan sy cho phii hgp. Chan chinh va ddi mdi phucmg thurc tuyln chpn, ddnh gid, bao dam chgn dupe nhdng ngudi c6 phdm chdt dao ddc, ygu nghl, cd trinh dp, ndng lyc thyc chdt md khdng chi can cd vdo bang cdp mdt each hinh thdc.
- Xay dung chien luae phdt triln ngudn nhdn lyc: Phdn tich hign trgng vd dign biln ngudn nhdn lyc vl so lugng, eo cau vd chat lugng; Xay dyng kl ho?ieh thue hien chi tiet, cu the vd dam bdo tfnh khd khi cao.
- Hodn thien vd ndng cao chdt lugng edng tdc tuyen dyng: Xdy dyng bdng md td edng vi§e; Td chdc tuyen dyng can tudn thu ddy dd cde bude; iTu tien viee dieu dgng lai nhdn sy ngay trong doanh nghiep mpt each hgp ly trudc khi tuyln dyng mdi td cdc ngudn; Ddm bao thu hut ngudi tdi eho doanh nghiep.
c. Nhdm gidi phdp ndng cao chdt lugng nguon nhan luc
- Cung ed, hodn thien co sd ddo t^o va day nghl:
Xay dyng trudng Dai hpc thuy sdn vd cdc co sd d^y nghl thuy sdn tai Kign Giang. Cung ed Trudng Trung cap nghe Tinh dd sdc ddo t^o nghl bac cao cho ngudi lao dpng; Xay dyng cde ehuong trinh, dy dn ddo tao nghg trgng diem phu hgp vdi timg thdi kj, phii hgp vdi nhu edu phdt triln ngdnh thuy sdn cua Tinh; Phdt trien thi trudng sdc lao ddng: Phdt triln vd thyc hien nhiem vy lien ket ddo tgo theo phuong thdc vira 1dm vua hge, ddo tao td xa cde trinh dO td TCCN din DH, tap trung ddo tao cdc ngdnh thuy san phii hpp vdi ygu cdu nhdn lyc cua Tinh; Ndng cao thl lyc cho nhan vien: Cde doanh nghiep thuy san Kign Giang cdn phai cd cde bien phdp thilt thyc dl bdo v§, chdm 6 . TAP CHi THlfFBI GIAO DgC-s6106-6/2014
OUANLVGIAODUC
sdc sue khde vd ndng cao the lyc cho nhdn vien nhu sau: Td chire cdc ho^it ddng vui choi, giai tri, thl dye thl thao, td chitc y te khdm sue khde djnh ky cho nhdn vien,...
d Nhdm ffdi ph^ phdt trien trinh do Idnh nghe thong qua cdc ke hogch ddo tgo:
Xdc djnh myc tieu ddo t^o; Xay dyng kg ho^ch ddo tao trung va ngdn ban; Phdi hgp vdi cde eo sd ddo tao dl xay dyng edc danh muc ngdnh nghl cdn ddo tao, ehuong trinh dao t?o sao cho phu h^p vd xdc thue vdi cdng vi$c cua doanh nghipp; Chpn Igc ddi tupng ddo tgo; Ddnh gid ket qua ddo tao.
e. Nhdm gidi phdp duy tri vdphdt trien cdc yeu to dgng vien
- Thda nhdn va khen thudng nhdn vign xijng ddng. Xdy dung vd dp dyng bang chdm diem cy thl vd dupe thyc hien bdi cdc Idnh ^ o true tilp ciia nhdn vien, kit qud ddnh gid cua mdi nhSn vign phai dugc tiidng bdo cdng khai, minh bgch vd luu giiJ trong hd so cd nhdn phyc vy cho myc dfeh khen thudng, quy hogch, de bat edn bd vd bdi dudng dao tgo nhan vien chinh xdc vd kip thdi.
- Ap dyng chg dp luong, thudng vd phuc Igi hpp ly dl timg bude edi tign vd kien todn he thdng tien luong, thudng vd edc phuc Ipi hudng din mye tieu edng bang, canh tranh trong cdc doanh nghiep, "^dng thdi dl tiln luong thyc sy trd thdnh edng cy hOu hieu vd Id ddn bdy kfch thfch ndng sudt lao dgng.
- Phat triln kf nang nghl nghigp eho nhan vien thdng qua cdc khda hudn luypn phii hpp.
- Thu hdt nhdn tai: Kit hpp eh$t chg gida trpng thj, trpng dyng vd trpng dai nhan tdi; Sdn tim nhan tdi; Tgo mdi trudng thu hdt nhan tai.
/ De xudt vi ca chi chinh sdch de phdt irien ngdnh thuy sdn
- Chinh sdch tin dung gan liln vdi chinh sdch bdo hiem vdn vay; Cdc chinh sdch bdo hilm eho sdn xudt gidng sgch benh, san xudt gidng nudi bien, phat triln nghl nudi biln, ddng tdu khai thdc xa bd, phat triln CO khi thuy sdn, sdn xudt thdc dn, thudc ngu y, ehl phdm sinh hpc,...
- Chfnh sdch hd trg phdt triln thuy sdn + Khai thdc thuy sdn: Hd trp ngu ddn ddng mdi, edi hodn tdu cd tham gia khai thdc d vung biln khoi, d$i tdu djch vy thu mua hai san vd cung cdp nhien li§u trgn biln. Hd trp ddo tgo thuyin trudng. mdy trudng vd thuyin vign tdu ed eho ngu ddn.
+ Nudi trdng thuy sdn: Cd chinh sdch hh trg cdc
doanh nghiep nudi trdng thdy san gia tdng dien tfch nudi, dp dung cdng nghe tign tiln, hign dai de san xudt gidng sach bgnh vd phdt triln sdn xudt gidng mdi gan vdi cdc hg thdng qudn ly chdt lirpng theo tieu chudn BMP, GAP, MSC,... Bk dam bdo yeu cdu vl ve sinh an todn thyc phdm ngay ttr khdu sdn xudt nguygn lieu.
+ Chi biln thuy sdn: Thyc hidn nhanh ehdng, kjp thdi edc thu tuc ed lien quan din viec chiimg nhdn, xdc nhgn ngudn gdc thdy sdn xudt khlu. Hd trg lai suat vdn vay dl dau tu trang hi va ddi mdi cdng nghe thilt bj: Xay kho Ignh, he thdng xu ly nude thai, khi thdi,...
III. KET LU^N
Phdt triln ngudn nhdn lye eho edc doanh nghigp thuy san tgi Kign Giang id mpt vdn dg ed y nghTa quan trgng ddi vdi sy phdt trien kinh td - xd hdi. Phat trien ngudn nhan luc dg ndng cao trinh dp chuygn mdn va cae ky nang cua ngudi lao dgng, td dd tao ra mdi trudng Idm vi§e thdn thi$n, gdn bd, hda ddng vd cd kha nang phdt huy nang lyc cua mpi ngudi.
Nghien cdu phdt trien ngudn nhdn lye cho cde doanh nghiep thuy sdn tai Kign Giang da cu thl hda m^t sd vln dl sau: Trinh bdy mdt cdch cd h§ thdng nhOng ly ludn CO bdn vg ngudn nhdn lyc, phat triln ngudn nhan lyc, cdc nhdn td dnh hudng din sy phdt triln cung nhu vai trd cua nd ddi vdi tdng trudng vd phdt triln kinh tl tu do rdt ra nhQng bdi hpc kinh nghi§m cho cdc doanh nghiep thuy sdn Kien Giang; Phdn tich thyc trgng ngudn nhan lyc thuy sdn cua Kign Giang, Idm rd nhdng thdnh tyu da dgt dugc, dua ra nhQng tdn tgi, hgn ehl, ddnh gia nhQng nguyen nhdn cua nhdng vdn dl trdn vd dl xult cdc nhdm giai phdp phdt trign.
Tdi lifu tham khdo
1. Trdn Kim Dung (2009). Qudn trj ngudn nhdn luc. Nhd xudt ban Thdng Kg.
2. Tdng eye Thdng Kg (2011). Niengidm thdng ke Viet Nam 2011. Nhd xudt ban Thdng Ke.
3. Dd van Phdc (2010). Qudn ly nhdn l^c cua doanh nghiep. Nhd xudt ban Bach Khoa - Hd Ndi.
4. Ddng TTij Thanh Phuong (2008). guoTj/nngadw nhdn lyic. Nhd xudt ban Thdng Ke.
5. Sd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triln Ndng thdn Kien Giang (2012). Quy hogch tdng thi phdt iriin thuy sdn tinh Kien Giang den ndm 2020.
T«P CHi THlfTBIGlAODMC-Sd 106-6/2014 • I
