LY THUYET TltP NHAN VAN HOC TAI VIET NAM

TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HOI SO 6(166)-2012

VAN HQC - NGON NGO HQC - NGHIEN ClfU VAN H()A - NGHJ THUAT

LY THUYET TltP NHAN VAN HOC TAI VIET NAM MOT C A I N H I N CHUNG

TOM TAT

Bai Viet bu^c diu nhin lai qua trinh gi&i thi$u, nghi&n ciru va v^n dijng ly thuyet tiep nh^n t^i Vi0t Nam tCr nhung nam 1970 den nay. Bua ra mOt s6 nhan x6t vi vi^c dich va v$n diing If thuyit niy viio thi^

tiin nghien ciru vHn hpc Viet Nam.

1. DAT V A N Dfi

Co t h i noi rang co sang tac la c6 tiep nhgn, nhu'ng tilp nhgn vai tu* each la mot ly thuyit, m|t phu-ong phSp nghiSn cCfu, la khau culi cua mpt tien trinh van hpc thi phai den nua sau the ky XX moi (Succ thua nhan. No gan lien voi ten tuli cua hai nha nghien cCru ngu'O'i Buc Wolfgang Iser va Hans Robert Jauss. Cac cong trinh ly luan cua hai ong va nhCrng ngu'O'i k l tuc au'ong hudng nay da tao lap mpt trudng phai mai trong nghien c m van hpc: truang phai Konstanz (BCrc). Sy dong gop cua hai ong va nhung ngu'O'i ke tuc lam cho "... tCf ngO Konstanz <I§ tra thanh mpt thu^t ngu, mpt khai ni$m trong t h i giai han lam hpc vien noi Chung, tra thanh mpt trydng phai khoa hpc, ly lu|n van hpc noi tieng"

L6 van Hy. Thac sT. Tap chi Vietnam Logistics Review. Nghien cuu sinh van hPa hpc Hpc vi^n Khoa hpc xa hpi Vijn Khoa hpc xa hpi Vi#t Nam.

(Nguyen Thi Thanh Huang, 1993, tr 56- 57). "0 Viet Nam khoang hai thpp nien g i n day, mpt s l nha nghien cuu da bit dIu y thLfc dupe tam quan trpng cua vipc nghien cuu van hpc theo hud'ng lich su chuc nang. Trong nhieu bai vilt tren cac tap chi v^ mpt s l chuyen khao xuat ban g i n day, ly thuyet tiep nhan da budc dau duac gidi thieu tdi cong chung Vipt Nam" (Nguyin Van Hanh-Huynh Nhu Phuang, 1998, tr 140).

2. MOTCAlNHiNCHUNG

Ngudi d l cap d i n khau tilp nhan nhu la mpt phuang phap nghien cuu mdi d Vipt Nam ia Nguyin Van Hpnh trong mpt bai viet CO ten V" ktin cua Lenin ve mil quan h$ giua van hoc va dai song 6ng vilt "Gia tn cua mpt tac pham that ra khong phai chf dong khung lai trong pham vi sang tac ma con lan rpng ra d i n pham vi thudng thuc".

Chinh d khau thuung thirc tac pham mdi cd y nghTa xa hpi thuc t l cua no. Quan diem nay tat y l u se d i n den nhOng tieu chuan mdi d l danh gia tac phlm, den mpt phuang phap nghien cuu mdi" (Nguyin Van Hanh, 1971, tr. 96). Cs mpt doan khac 6ng khSng djnh "trong khau sang tac gia trj la CO dinh va d t h i kha nang; d trong khau thudng thuc, trong quan hp vdi quan Chung gia trj mdi la hien thuc va biln d l i "

(Nguyin Van Hanh, 1971, tr. 96). Y kiln

L£ VAN HV - LV T H U Y E T TltP NHAN VAN HOC.

eua ong trong b^i vidt n^y da ehSm ngdi cho mpt cude tranh ludn trdn Tgp chi VSn hpe tu nam 1971 ddn cudi nam 1972 vdi cac y kidn eua Nam Mdc, So'n Tung, Phung van Tu'u, NghTa Nguyen, Nguy§n Minh, van Khang, Vu Tudn Anh Bai vidt eua Nguydn van Hanh cho thdy sy nhgy cam va y nghla thdi su' cua vdn dd do tac gia da dat ra. khi ly thuydt tidp nhdn mdi thinh hanh d nhidu nu-de trdn thd gidi.

Tgi midn Nam, trong giai doan 1954-1975, Nguyin VSn Trung cung da dd edp ddn vdn dd ngu'di dpe, nhu'ng dng chi mdi dung chgm den ehd ehua giai quydt tru'C didn va tript dd (xem Lupc khao vdn hQC.

tgp III).

Sau ngay dat nude thdng nhdt, gidi nghien ci>u Vipt Nam ed dieu kidn han trudc trong viec tiep can nhung cdng trinh nghien cuu ve my hoc tiep nhgn cua gidi nghien ci>u nude ngoai, ma chu yeu la cac nude xa hpi ehu nghTa nhu Lien Xd, Cpng hda dan chu Dwc.

Nam 1978, Tgp chi Van hpc cho cdng bd bai eua Man-pha-ret Nao-man Song de cua "My hQC tiep nh0n", do Huynh Van d|eh Bai Viet ed the dup'c xem nhu la mpt phdn tdm tat sa lup'c eua cdng trihh tgp thd Xa hoi van hgc dgc do tac gia lam ehu bien, Tae gia cua bao eao nay da phan bae Igi quan diem cua H.R Jauss ve van de tidp nhgn, eiJng nhu vd chuc nang thanh Ipc cua tae ph4m ddi vdi ngudi dpe trong qua trinh tiep nhdn.

COng trong nam nay, Nha xuat ban Tac pham Mdi thupc Hpi Nha van Vidt Nam cho cdng bd ban djch cudn Ca tinh sdng lao cua nhd van vd si/ phat trien cua van hoc eua M.B. Khrapchenco Trong dd

chuang 5 ban trye tidp vd tidp nhgn vSn hpe ed tdn Th&i gian va cu^c sdng cua tdc phdm vdn hQC. Tdc gia cdng trinh khlng djnh; ",,, phuang phap nghien cuu van hpc theo ehue nang la mdt trong nhu-ng khuynh hudng quan trpng vd cd tridn vpng cua nganh nghidn cuu van hpe mac xit" ( M B, Khrapchenko,1978, tr 331).

Ddn nam 1980, Hodng Trinh cdng bd bai Vdn hQC so sdnh vd v6n de tiep nhdn vdn hQC, trong bd\ vidt nay, tac gia da nhin v^n dd tidp nhdn van hpc tu gdc nhin cua van hpc so sanh, tidp nhgn dup'c de cap d day Id tidp nhdn tren binh dien sang tac.

Tu gdc nhin van hpe so sanh, Luu Van Bdng da luu y ddn vide can phan bipt khai nidm anh hudng va tiep nhgn trong nghidn cuu. Nam 2011, Nguyin Van Dan khi de egp den Mgt so phuang phdp chO yeu duvc v$n dt^ng trong vdn hQC so sanh da de e§p ddn phuang phap xa hpi hpc tiep nhgn cung nhu phuang phap tam ly hpc tiep nhgn, Didu nay eho thay, tuy ddi tupng nghien cuu, cd thd vgn dyng nhieu phuang phap tiep egn khae nhau ma gidi nghien cuu thudng gpi la phuang phap tidp egn lldn nganh.

Vuang Anh Tuan da khang djnh Vi tri va vai tro tich ct/c cua ngwai dgc trong doi song van hgc (1982), ngudi viet neu len va phan tich mpt sd hinh thai, dgc didm chung cua ngudi dpe, lam tien de cho nhijng nghien cuu sau va cu thd han. Nam 1990 tac gia trd Igi van de ngudi dpe qug bai vi^t Xung quanh vi$c tiep nh$n van hgc hi^n nay nhung tgp trung vao logi ngu'di dpe d$e bidt la nha chuyen mon - nha phe binh trong vide danh gia chinh xac tac pham, tranh sy khdng hieu nhau giCra nha

Lg VAN HV - LY T H U Y E T T I ^ P NHAN VAN HQC ,

van, nha phe binh va cdng ehung bgn dpe ddng dao.

Nam 1985, my hpe tiep nhgn cua trudng phai Konstanz da dup'c Nguydn Van Dan gidi thieu tdng quan tren Tap chi Thdng tin Khoa hpc Xa hdi. Nam 1986, tac gia tidp tuc ed mdt bai viet khac ve tidp nhgn vdn hpc, trong dd tae gia de xudt mpt khai nipm mdi nguang tam ly trong tidp nhgn. Nam 1991, dng bien tgp va gidi thipu chuyen de Van hgc ngh$ thudt vd sw tiep nhdn Chuyen de nay de cap den nhu'ng vdn de ehung eua tiep nhgn van hoc cung nhu nhij'ng khai nidm: ngudi dpe, tam ddn nhgn, khoang each tham my, ngudng tiep nhan, phan tiep nhan... Nam 1999, cae bai viet ve tidp nhan van hoe eung vdi mdt so bai viet khae trong tap tieu luan Nghien cwu van hgc ly luan va ting dt^ng dup'c xuat ban va da nhgn giai thudng ly luan phe binh nam 2000 cua Hoi Nha van Viet Nam. Nam 2004, tac gla Nguydn Van Dan tai khSng djnh nhu-ng y kien ve tidp nhan van hpc trong chuyen luan Phwang phdp luan nghien cwu van hoc. Dieu dd ehung to day la mpt hudng nghien cuu cd nhieu tiem nang va hua hgn,

Cuoi nam 1986. Hoang Trinh da phan tich chi tidt pham tru edng ehung trong bai Giag tiep trong van hgc.

Cung nam nay, Nha xuat ban Giao due cho ra mat ban dpe cdng trinh Ly lu$n van hgc tap I. Day la giao trinh ly lugn van hpc dung eho cac trudng dgi hpe su pham. Chuang X cua giao trinh ed ten Ban dgc va tiep nh$n van hgc, phdn nay khlng djnh tiep nhgn van hpc la giai dogn hoan tat qua trinh sang tae, bdn cgnh do, ngudi dpe nhu mpt yeu td bdn trong cua sang tac van hpe, vai

trd eua ngudi dpe doi vdi lieh su van hpe budc dau da dup'c thua nhgn Chuang nay do Trdn Dinh Su phu trach, nam 1997, bd gido trinh nay duae tai ban va in gdp lgi thanh 1 tgp do Phuang Lyu ehu bien Nam 2002, bd giao trinh nay dup'c vidt lgi.

gdm 3 tdp, phdn vd tidp nhdn vdn hpc d tdp 1, nam d cac chuang 10, 11 va 12 do Phuang Lyu bien sogn. Tgp 2 eua bp giao trinh nay cd ten Tac pham vd the loai do Trdn Dinh Su chu bien, chuang 1 do ngudi chu bien phu trach ed gidi thidu qua quan nidm ve tae pham van hpc cua my hpe tiep nhgn (trang 21-24) Quan diem nay dupe khlng dinh lai trong ehuang 7, tgp 2 eua bd sach gdm 2 tap cd ten Giao trinh Ly luan van hgc - giao trinh cao dang su pham cung do Tran Dinh Su chu bien (Nha xuat ban Dai hpc Su pham, Ha Npi);

rieng chuang 5 Tiep nhan, thwang thirc va phe binh van hgc do Phan Huy Dung chap but (trang 159-187).

Cd the nhan thdy ring tuy la ngudi phu trach phdn tidp nhan van hpc trong giao trinh ly luan van hpe d bae dai hpc va eao ding su pham cung nhu sach giao khoa bgc trung hoe pho thdng va la ngudi cd vai trd dang kd trong suu tap chuyen de Van hgc nghe thuat vd sw tiep nh$n, nhung Trdn Dinh Su khlng djnh minh va dup'c bidt den vdi t u each la mpt chuyen gia dau nganh ehu yeu la d ITnh vyc thi phap hpe Ijch su nhu dng da tung ty nhgn, Tran Dinh Su nhdn mgnh den phan tiep nhan nhu mdt loai hinh tiep nhan va ben canh dd nhu'ng quan didm ca ban ve ly thuyet tidp nhgn eua the gidi eung da dypc dng duo kdt va gidi thidu trong bai May vSn de vS ly lu$n tiep nhan van hgc, dupe in Igi trong tap Ly lu$n va phe binh van hgc; va

L£ VAN HSf - fi THUYET TitP NHAN VAN HOC...

Iilp do la cupe tranh lujn - trao d l i v l v i n de tilp nhan van hpc nam 1990 vA v l v i n d l ngudi dpe nam 2010 BSi vilt Ly thuyit tiip nh^n va phS binh vSn hqc (I va II) trong tap tilu lu$n VSn hpc vii thirl gian la su chip nil ipi bai vilt trong cupe tranh iu$n nam 1990 vS mpt bai khac trSn Tap chi SPng Huong nam 1999 Trong cac tap sach sau do cung nhu trong Tuyin t$p Trin Dinh Sir, dupe bifin sopn each day vai nam khong thIy hi$n di$n cac bai vilt v l tilp nh$n vSn hpc, phai chSng v i n d l tilp nhpn van hpc khong c l n la mli quan tam khoa hpc thudng tn/c cua 6ng?

Nam 1990, tren V^n ngh$ c6 cupe tranh luan v l tilp nhan van hpc giOa cac tac gia Nguyin Lai, Nguyin Thanh Hung, Nguyin Van Dan va Tran Binh Sir Nguyin Lai nhan mgnh d i n phlm chit nang dpng chu quan cua chu t h i tilp nhan va tilp dd la luan diem tu ma ngon ngu chuyin sang ma hinh tupng, cac luan dilm nay v i n duac tac gia bao luu trong cong trinh Ngon ngir vdi sing tao vi tiep nh$n vin hQC. Nguyin Thanh Hung nhin mpnh d i n qua trinh bien d l i chu t h i tilp nhan thanh chu t h i van hpc Cac bai vilt ve tilp nhpn van hpc cua Nguyin Thanh Hung dupe tac gia tap hpp lai thanh cuin Dpe va tiip nhin vin chwong. Nguyin Thanh Hung da luu y d i n qua trinh Xif phat va tg' giac trong tiep nhan, cpng dong ly giai mpt tham s i dang tin cay. Tilp tuc phuang hydng nghien cuu nay, nam 2008, Nguyen Thanh Hung cong b l cong trinh Bpc - hieu tic pham van chuang trong nha truing. Ben canh do, Tu San luu y den nhu cau thong tin va nhu cau giai tri cua cong chung trong tilp nhan van hpc t u goc dp cua nha quan ly.

Nam 1990, c6ng trinh Vin hoc vi hi^n thuc cua Vi#n VSn hpe cP b^i Quan h$ vin hoc • hi^n thur: vi vin di tic dfng, tiip nhin vi giao tiip thim my cua Huynh VSn, tae gia n h i n manh d i n chuc nang giao tilp cua van hpc 6ng cho ring: " cln thilt phii nghiSn cuu trSn ea hai m^t ly lu^n va i|ch su van hoe v i n d l tae dpng va tilp nh$n van hpc va ngh$ t h u j t " (Huynh van, 1990, tr 221). Ong d l c^p d i n vin d l c l n quan nl$m m l i quan h$ van hpc - hi|n thyc d ci hai chilu: phan anh va tac dpng, tilp nhjn, tde chilu tu hipn thuc din iic giS va tac phlm va chilu tu tac gia, tac phlm d i n hi$n thu'c. Oilu do nhlm nhin manh ring khSu tac dpng va tilp nhpn ia khlng t h i khPng dupe quan tam trong nghien cuu van hpc Nhung han mpt thip ky sau do, v i n ehua thIy ong cho cong b6 tilp nhCfng suy nghT mdi cua ong v l vin dl nay.

Ciing nam, tic gia tilp tuc cho cdng b l trSn Tap chi van hpc bai Nhi vin, b^n doc vi hing hda sich hay vin /ipc vi sv dj trj.

Ong cho ring sach vdi tu cSch la mpt hinh thuc hang hda nhung la mpt loai hang hda d i e bipt Hai gia tn dj bipt nhau cung t i n tai trong mpt thyc t h i la hang hda sach. 0 bai vilt nay ong d l cap d i n khau trung gian giua sang tac va tilp nhpn van hpc, nai m^ nhung y l u t l kinh t l - nhu mpt sy tit y l u kho tranh khoi trong ca c h i kinh t l thj tnj'dng, kinh t l san xult hSng hda - tSc dpng vao van hpc nhu mpt y l u t l dj tri.

NSm 2009, nha nghiSn cuu nay trd Ipi vin d l my hpc tiep nhpn qua bai Van di Tim ddn nhin vi xac dinh tinh ngh$ thuit trong my hqc tiip nh$n cua Hans Robert Jauss, nhu tieu d l bai vilt da cho b i l l , bai vilt l>

giai kha sau v l m|t trong nhO'ng kh^i ni$m

LE VAN HV - LV THUYET TlEP NHAN VAN HOC then chdt cua my hpe tiep nhgn: tIm ddn dp'i, Cung nhu phan tich quan nidm eua Jauss ve vipc xac dmh tinh nghe thugt eua tac phlm van hpc, dup'c coi nhu la mpt ea sd de Jauss xae d|nh tinh Ijch su eua van hpc Huynh Van cOng luu y ddn mdt thyc te trong qua trinh vgn dung my hpe tiep nhgn d Vipt Nam trong thdi gian qua Id

"cac tae gia da khdng dua ra nhO'ng dmh nghTa rd rang vd cae khai niem tren, eho nen ket qua nghien cuu khdng tranh khdi Chung ehung, ma hd" (Huynh Van Van, 2009, tr. 69). Mpt nam sau dd, 3/2010, Tgp chi Nghien cuu Van hpe eho edng b6 tiep bai Hans Robert Jauss. Ijch sw van hgc Id lich swtiep nhan, trong bai nay, Huynh Van tidp tpc trinh bay va ly giai nhu'ng luan diem tiep theo cua H.R, Jauss khi dd xuat nhOng van de, nhu'ng phuang thuc cu the han eho lich su van hpc doi mai cua dng - Ijch su van hpc cua ngudi doe. Day la nhOng ket qua nghien cuu dang tin egy va cd sue thuyet phyc, vi tae gia cua nd - nha nghien cuu Huynh Van la ngudi nghien cuu chuyen sau, tidp cgn tu llpu tgn ngudn va cung la nhOng y kien, luan diem ma Chung tdi se cdn tiep tuc trinh bay, vgn dung trong nhung bai viet khac.

Nam 1992, lan dau tien tidp nhgn van hpc dup'c dua vao giang day d- trudng phd thdng, bai Cac gla tri van hgc vd tiep nh$n van hQC do Tran Dinh Su chip but dup-e dua vao sach Van 12. tap 2. Den nam 2000, khi hp'p nhat cd chinh ly sach giao khoa, phan nay v i n duge duy tri va do Ld Ngpc Tra bien sogn.

Trong nam nay TCr dien thuat ngw vdn hgc dup'c xuat ban l l n dau, cac khai nidm thupc ve ly thuydt tiep nhan hipn didn rIt hgn che nhu cac mgc" nghien cuu Ijch su

chuc nang, tidp nhgn vSn hpc, d eac l l n tai ban sau eac khai nipm ea ban cua ITnh vyc nay da dup'c bd sung d i n theo thdi gian

Trong sd nhu'ng ngudi nghien cuu ly thuydt tidp nhdn, thi Phuang Lyu Id mpt nha nghien cuu dang luu y. Nam 1997 dng cho xult ban gido trinh Tiip nhdn van hgc va tiep tue khlng dinh nd trong eae edng trinh sau do nhu Mwai trwang phai ly ludn phd binh van hgc phwang Tdy duang d$i, Ly lu$n phe binh van hgc phwang Tay thd kyXX, va g i n day la cdng trinh do dng ehu bien Ly lu$n van hgc-van hgc-nhd vdn-b^n dgc Cd thd thIy ring vdi tu each la mpt nha giao giang day d bae dai hpc, dng da gidi thigu tdng quan vd ly thuydt tiep nhan qua ngudn tai lieu tidng Trung va tieng Phap, giup eho ngudi doc cd nhOng khai niem ca sd, rat can thiet eho vide tiep tuc di sdu tim hieu ly thuydt nay. Phuang Luu, TrIn Dinh Su va mdt sd nha nghien cuu ly luan van hpc khae, da ed edng trong vipc du nhdp ly thuyet tiep nhgn vao Vidt Nam.

Vdi mong muon doi mdi ndn phe binh van hpc Vipt Nam, nhanh chdng hda nhap vdi the gidi, nam 1993 Dd Dwc Hieu da cho ra mat bgn dpe cdng trinh Doi mai phd binh van hgc (Nha xult ban Khoa hpc Xa hpi- Nha xult ban Mui Ca Mau), trong dd v i n de my hpc tiep nhan, eu the la bai Dgc vdn chwang la mpt trong nhCrng npi dung dup-e dng dgc bidt quan tam Ong luu y ddn v i n de logi hinh hpc ngudi dpe va xa hpi hpc van chudng vdi nhiing y kidn gp'i md.

Nam 1995, Nha xult ban Giao due phat hanh cudn Ly lu$n van hgc, van de va suy nghl Day khdng phai la cudn sach giao

l e VAN HY - LY THUY6T TlEP NHAN VAN HOC . khoa ma ia tai lieu tham khao chuySn sSu

danh cho sinh vien va hpc vipn cac b?ic hpc sau dai hpc CPng trinh nay do hai nha nghifin eu'U Nguyin Van Hpnh va Huynh Nhu Phuang bi§n scan Chuang 5 cua sach cd tPn Tic phim vi nguiri dac do Huynh Nhu Phuang vilt, Tae gia trinh bay 3 v i n de chinh cua ly thuyit tilp nh^n 1) Ngudi dpe - chu t h i tilp nh^n van hpc;

2) So phan lich sCr cua tac phlm van hpc qua lang kinh eua sy tilp nhan; 3) PhS binh van hpe trong hoat dpng tilp nhjn van hpc 0 phln thu ba, tac gia cho ring d nude ta da tung xult hipn 3 loai php binh chinh nhu phe binh nghp sT, phe binh xa hpi hpc dung tpc va phe binh cd tinh chit hpc thuat (Huynh Nhu Phuang, 1998, tr. 162). Nam 2010, nha nghien cuu nay cho cong b l cong trinh Ly luin van hgc (nhap mon). chuang 6 eua cong trinh nay co tieu d l Nguui dqc vi tiep nh^n van hqc cac v i n d l va luan diem ca ban tren day duac tai khlng dmh va dao sau han trudc, CO mpt sy thay d l i nho ia phln phe binh van hpc dupe laeh thanh mpt chuang ripng va khai nipm tim ddn nh$n eua H.R. Jauss dupe dich la chin trdi ehd doHtr 195).

Van d l tiep nhan van chuang trong nha trydng da dypc tac gia Phan Trpng Luan trinh bay trong Van chuang b^n dqc sing lao, thyc ra cong trinh nay tiln thSn ti cuon Cam thu van hqc vi giang d^y van hqc (1983). Phan phu luc cua cong trinh nay CO hai bai vilt gia tri cua W. Iser va cua Richard Beach va James Marshall Tilp do, nam 2008, tac gia xuat ban sach Van hqc nhi trudng. nhin di$n, tiip cin, dot mdi d l lam ro va tilp tuc ly giai v l vipc tilp nhan van hpe trong nha trudng.

cac bai vilt trSn Tap chi Van hpc v l tilp nh^n van hpe trong nha trydng cua tae gia Nguyin Thi Thanh Hyang da dypc IJp hap lai trong ePng trinh Day hqc vin d trudng phi thdng; theo nhan xet ban dIu cua Chung t l i , thi cac cing trinh cua tac gia nay cQng nhy Nguyin Thanh Hung, Phan Trpng Lu^n la nhSn di^n thyc trang va gpp phln nang cao vi^c tilp nh^n van chyang trong nha trydng p h i thing, ly thuyit tilp nh|n ma cac tac gia nay d l c|p va van dung thudng nghiSng v l tam ly tilp nh^n

Ngoai ra. ePn cd mpt s l tac gia khae nhif Phung van Ngh§, Nguyin Bye An, Nguyin Trpng Hoan eung da cd bai vilt vl v i n d l nay.

T i l p tuc hudng nghien cuu tilp nhan vSn hpc trong nha trydng p h i thong cdn co thi k l d i n Giiq trinh Cam thij vin hqc cua Duang Thi Hyang, day la giao trinh danh eho h0 dao tao eu nhan giao due tieu hpc, nd duac bien soan nhlm eung cap nh&ng kiln thyc n i n tang v l tilp nhan van hpc cho ngydi hpc. Cac tac gia nhu TrIn Van Thinh, Hoang Phong Tuin cDng da budc d I u van dgng mpt s l khai nipm eua ly thuyit tilp nhan nhy: t i m ddn dpi, kind nghipm t h i m my, cdng chung, khoang each t h i m my vao vipc day va hpc mon van nhlm gdp phln nang cao chit lypng, d l i mdi day va hpc van d trydng ph6 thong.

Theo quan sat cua chung toi cac bai viet, cong trinh kinh diln cua ly thuyit tilp nhan v i n ehua dupe gidi thipu d Vipt Nam; b^n c^nh bai cua W. Iser vua d i n tren day thi nha ly luan duang thdi vdi ong H.R. Jauss vSn khdng han gi, ngoai t i l u luan Ljch s/i

L E V A N H V - LVTHUY^TTiep NHAN VAN HOC.

van hgc nhw Id si/ khieu khich doi vai khoa hgc van hgc thi H.R. Jauss v i n ehua dup'c gidi thieu gi khac. Trong khi dd, theo Nguydn Thj Thanh Huang "tinh tu nam 1949 den 1987 rieng dng da viet 25 cudn sach, 78 chuyen lugn, 28 bai binh ludn"

(Nguyin Thi Thanh Huang, 1993, tr. 56) Trong sd nhu'ng nha nghien cuu vd ITnh vyc tiep nhgn van hpc d Vidt Nam hidn nay thi Truang Dang Dung Id ngudi bdn bi va chuyen sau. Nam 1998 dng xult ban TO van bdn den tac pham van hgc, nam 2004 dng cho cdng bd quydn Tdc phSm vdn hoc nhw id qud trinh, cudn nay la sy then khai nhi^ng luan dilm dd xuat d Tw van ban den tdc pham van hgc Ong da khao sat nhu'ng v i n de ma gidi nghien cuu trong nude it (ehua) de egp den nhu: van ban van hpc vd sy cu the hda van ban, ngdn ngi> va sy b i t dn cua nghTa, sy dpe va qua trinh cat nghTa van ban cung nhu nhi>ng gidi hgn eua Ijch su van hpc Cae cdng trinh nay xung dang dup'c xem la ed ddng gdp Idn trong vide gidi thipu ly thuydt tiep nhgn vao Vipt Nam mpt each het sue nghiem tuc va r l t dang tin cay nhu ed ngudi da viet, Cae bai viet ve ly thuydt tiep nhan cua Truang Dang Dung tu 2004 trd ve trudc da dup'c cong bd phan Idn tren Tgp chi Van hpc - t u 2004 la Nghien cuu Van hpc va da dup'c in Igi trong hai cdng trinh vua ke; cac bai vidt tu nam 2005 ddn nay ve ITnh vyc nay la sy dao sau va md rpng nhung thanh tuu da cd. Nhung lugn didm cua dng dup'c danh gia la mang tinh han lam, quy phgm, cd ham lup'ng khca hpc va sLJ-c thuydt phuc cao.

Nam 2004 Tir dien van hgc da dup'c tai ban, cac khai nidm thupc ITnh vyc tidp nhan van hpc do Lgi Nguyen An viet, trudc

dd, cae mue tw nay da xult hidn trong cuon 150 thudt ngw nghien cwu van hgc - 1999

Se la mpt thidu sot ndu khdng kd ddn ede khai nidm eua my hpe tidp nhgn nhu. kinh nghidm thim my, khoang each thim my, van canh, cu thd hda, ddng nhIt hda, hidn thdi hda, t i m ehd dpi, tinh bat djnh, xac djnh giao tidp, tinh phi tinh thd, nghTa ao, Idp nghTa, day van hpe va ty dpng hda trong cdng trinh Cdc khdi ni$m vd thudt ngw cua cdc trwang phdi nghien cwu vdn hgc a Tdy Au va Fioa Ky thd ky XX qua ban djch eua Dao TuIn Anh, Tran Hdng Van, Lgi Nguyen An Trong cudn nay muc tu tdng quan my hpe tiep nhgn dup'c dinh nghTa kha chi tiet va d l y du. Trong sd nhCpng tai ligu tieng Vidt ve ly thuyet tiep nhgn md chung tdi dpe dup'c, thi cudn sd tay ndy la mdt tai lieu dang tin cay. Cho den hdm nay, khi ma chung ta ehua dao tao dup'c nhij'ng chuyen gia ed the tiep cgn dup'c vdi nguyen gdc nhung cdng trinh cua trudng phai Konstanz thi hudng tim hieu hpc thugt phuang Tay thdng qua hpc thuat Nga la mpt hudng kha thi, it ra trong thdi gian trudc mIt nhu nhdm djch gia da vidt d dIu sach.

Tae gia Le Thj Hdng Van cung da cd cac bai viet vd van de tiep nhgn van hpc dang chu y nhu: Anh hwang cua moi trw&ng van hda xa hgi ddi vOi vigc tiep nh$n van hgc trong nha trwang hien nay (2001); Quan ni$m ve tdc pham van hgc trong ly lu$n phe binh van hgc phwang Tay hign d^i (2004), Ngwai dgc nhw Id mgt nhdn tg tat yeu cua tdc phim van hgc (2004); Sy twang tdc giwa ma cua ngwai gal va ma cua ngw&i nh$n trong tiep nh$n van hgc (2010); Sl/ twang tac giwa ngwai dgc vd

LE VAN HY - LY THUYET TIEP NHAN VAN H y u . .

vin ban trong hoat ddng sing lao vin hqc (2010) Day la nhij'ng bPi vilt c6 liSn quan mat thill d i n iujn Pn tiln sT cua tac gia Tic phim vin hqc nhin tir mil quan hi giCra vin bin vi ngudi doc, bao v$ nam 2007 tai Vl#n van hpc

Sau khi dupe dya vao giang day d b j c dai hpc ty nam 1986 va d b j c hpc p h i thPng tli nam 1992, ly thuyit tilp nhan cdn dupe gpi la phuang phpp l|ch sy-chu'c nang da chyng minh dupe kha nang va tnin vpng cua minh qua vipc tnin khai thanh cpng cua cac d l tai khoa hpc d p b l v l tilp nhan van hpc fVly tpi Vi^t Nam eua Nguyin Huu Hilu (2001), v l tilp nhan L. Tolstoi cua Nguyin Van Kha (2004); hoac cac luan an tiln sT nhu. Lich sir tiep nhin Truyqn Kieu cua Phan Cdng Khanh (2001), Van de tiip nhin Dosloievski t$i Viqt Nam cua Pham Thi Phuang (2002), Tha Pushkin trong ddi song van hqc Vi$t Nam (tu gdc do dich nghq thuit vi tiip nhin vin hqc), luan van thac sT Ngu van, Dai hoc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van TPHCM (2000) cua Vu Xuan Hyang, Vi$c tiip nhin vin xudi co dien Nga thi ky XIX d Viqt Nam cua TrIn Thi Quynh Nga - 2005, luan an nay in thanh sach nSm 2010 cP tieu d l Tiep nhqn vin xudi Nga the ky XIX d Viqt Nam Ban than nhyng v i n d l eua ly thuyit tilp nhan nhy m l i quan hp giua van ban va ngydi doc cung dupe byde d I u giai quyet qua luan an Tic phim vin hqc nhin tir mqi quan h$ giCra van ban vi ngudi dqc cua Le Thj Hlng van (2007), Vin di chu thi tiip nhin qua Ijch sir tiip nhin Tha mdi cua Mai Thj Lien Giang (2008)...

G i n day, theo quan sat eua ngydi vilt Tpp chi Nghien cuu van hoc cua Vipn Van hpc khi lam s l chuyen de v l cac nha van c l

diln nude ngoai thi binh di^n tilp nhan t|i Vi^t Nam cDng da dypc ehu y, ma cac bai vilt nhu Tiip nhin Gogol d Vi$t Nam qua bin dich Nhung linh h6n chit cua Dao TuIn Anh. s l 5/2009, hay L Tolstoi d Viet Nam - giai doan tir 1954 din nay cua TrIn Thi Quynh Nga. s l 12/2010,... la nhCrng vl dy tieu bilu.

Sy ki^n g i n day nhIt c6 lien quan din ly thuyit tilp nhan la cupe trao d l i giua Dl Lai Thuy va TrIn Dinh Sy xoay quanh bai vilt Khi ngudi dqc xuat hi$n, bai nay vin da dypc edng b l t u nam 2006 va sau cupe trao d l i trd thanh mpt ehuang sach trong cIng trinh Phi binh vin hqc con vit ludng thi iy, cu|e trao doi xoay quanh vin dl ngydi dpe c l d i l n va ngydi dpe hipn dai vdi cac ti^u chi nhu; dyng ngoai/ dung trong, thu dpng/chu dpng. tuyIn tinh/phi tuyIn tinh, nghTa t i n tai/ngh7a kiln tao.

3 K S T L U A N

Vdi nhung gi da trinh bay sa lypc tren day v l qua trinh tilp nhan, gidi thipu va vjn dyng ly thuyit tilp nhan trong gidi nghi§n cuu d Vipt Nam, cd t h i thIy ring gidi nghien cuu da n i m b i t dypc nhOng vin d l c i t III, du ring chya that d l y du va he thing nhy Nguyin Van DSn da nhan xet.

Oilu nay la hiln nhien, vi day la m|t ly thuyit mdi, cdn dang tren dydng hoSn thipn nhy nhung bac thIy cua nd ed lln phat bilu. Tuy nhiSn, nhung y kiln cua cSc nha nghien cuu d nude ta da gdp phln khlng djnh vj tri eua ly lupn tilp nhan fl Viet Nam.

Vipc nd da dypc nghien cuu va giang dsy tir bpc p h i thong d i n sau dpi hpc m|t lln nua chCmg to siJc sing eung nhy nhung tilm nang va nhyng k i t qua-hipu qua ma

L g VAN H ^ - LY T H U Y S T T I E P N H A N V A N H Q C ,

no m a n g lai c h o viee n g h i e n e u u v a n hpe d n u d e t a .

V a n d u n g ly thuyet tiep n h g n vdo nghien c u u v a n hpc Vidt N a m d cac d p dp tdc p h l m n h u Truygn Kieu, tac gia n h u N g u y e n T r a i , H o X u a n H u a n g , N g u y d n D i n h C h i e u ; hay eac tac gia t h u p c vdn c h u a n g hipn dgi n h u V u Trpng P h u n g , Han Mac Tu- ..; hay trao l u u n h u phong trao T h a M d i , hay v a n hpe khdng chidn c h d n g P h a p so v d i v a n hpc 1932-1945 t r u d c d o ve t i m d d n dp'i se la n h u n g tien de, b u d c d I u eho vide bd sung v a o Ijch s u v a n hpc Vipt N a m m p t p h u a n g dipn m d i , Ijch s u c u a n g u d i dpe, Ijch s u tidp n h g n . •

T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O

1 Huynh V d n , 1990, Quan hd vdn hgc hi$n thi/c va van de tdc dgng, tiep nhdn vd giao tiep tham my, trong Van hgc vd hien thwc. Hd Npi; Nxb. Khoa hpe xa hpi

2, Huynh V d n . 1990. Nha vdn, ban dgc va hdng hoa sdch hay van hoc vd sw di tn Tgp chi Van hpe. S d 6.

3. Huynh V d n . 2009. Van di tim don dQi va xdc dinh tinh nghg thuat trong my hgc tiep nhdn cua Hans Robert Jauss. Nghien c d u v a n hpc, S d 3

4. Huynh Vdn 2010. Hans Robert Jauss:

Ljch si> van hgc la ijch sw tiip nhan. Nghien c u u v a n hpc. So 3.

5, Khrapchenko, M.B, 1978, Thai gian vd cuQc sdng cua tac pham vdn hgc. Trong: Cd tinh sang tao cua nhd van vd sw phdt then van hgc ( N g u d i dieh: Le San-Nguyen Minh).

Ha Ndi: Nxb. Tac p h l m M d i .

6. Nauman, Malfred. 1978, Song dd cua "My hgc tiip nhdn" ( N g u d i djch' Huynh Vdn), Tgp chi v a n hpc, Sd 4,

7. Nguydn Thj Thanh H u a n g 1993 Hanx R6boc Daux (Hans Robert Jauss) ngw&i sdng Idp trw&ng phdi my hgc Cdng-xtdng (Konstanz). Tgp chi VSn hpc, Sd 6.

8. Nguydn VSn Ddn, 1985. Tiip nh$n "my hgc tiip nhdn" nhw thi ndo? Thdng tin Khoa h p e X a h d i , s d l l ( 8 9 ) 1 9 8 5 .

9 Nguydn Van Ddn. 1986 Nghidn cwu si/

tiip nhdn vdn chwang trdn quan diim lidn ngdnh Tgp chi V i n hpc Sd 4

10. Nguyen Van Dan-Tran Dinh Si> va tac gia khac. 1991. Vdn hgc nghg thuat va sw tiep nhan (Nguyen Van Dan bien tap va gidi thidu).

Ha Npi, Vidn Thdng tin Khoa hpc Xa hpi.

1 1 . Nguyen Vdn Hgnh, 1971. y kiin cua Lenin vi mdi quan he gii/a vdn hgc vd ddi sdng Tgp chi Van hpc. Sd 4.

12. Nguyen Van Hanh-Huynh N h u P h u a n g . 1998, Ly ludn van hoc, van di va suy nghl Ha Ndi" Nxb Giao due.

13. P h u a n g L u u . 1997. Tiip nh$n van hgc.

Ha Ndi' Nxb. Giao due.

14. T r I n Dinh S u . 1986, Bgn dgc vd tiip nhdn vdn hgc. Trong: P h u a n g L y u , T r I n Dinh S u . Ld Ngpc Trd. Lf'ludn vdn hgc. Tdp I. Ha Ndi: Nxb. Giao due.

15. T r u a n g Dang Dung. 1998. Tw van bdn den tac phim vdn hgc. Hd Ndi, Nxb Khoa h p c X a hpi.

16. T r u a n g Dang Dung. 2004 Tdc pham vdn hgc la qud trinh. Hd Npi, Nxb. Khoa hpe Xa hpi.