Van hoa va van hoa giao thdng

A N i u n r M U I A U T H O N G - GIAO T H O N G DO T H j Tap Chi GTVT 9/2D12

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Van hoa va van hoa giao thdng

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dt trong nhu'ng van dd bUc xOc trong xa hdi hien nay la hien trang trat tU an loan giao thdng (TTATGT) yeu k e m , ma mdt trong nhOng nguydn nhan dd ehinh la sU y l u kem trong van hod giao thdng cOa khdng it nhUng ngudi tham gia giao thdng.

Trudc tien ehung ta phdi hieu the nao la van hod va t i l p theo id h i l u dupc the nao van hoa giao thdng cung ede yeu t d anh hUdng den n d .

v a n hod la I h l Ong xO, N.IOCGA nhd sd hpc eOa Rumani cd ndi: "Mgt ngudi cd van hoi nghTa ii mdt tri 6c ludn ludn hudng ve vi dep vi nhQng diiu tdt".

Ly tudng eOa nen van hod nhan loai la tgo nen nhOng eon ngUdi phat t r i l n edn ddi v l t h i chd't vd tmh than, nhUng ngudi mang tinh nhdn logi cd tri de vd trai tim nhidt tinh, yeu cai tdt, cai dep, yeu ehan iy va ed ieh cho xa hdi, hay ndi gpn lgi la nhdng nhan cdch toan dien, ma con dudng duy nhat de dat dupe iy tudng nay ehinh la van hoa.

Mdt trong nhOng djnh nghTa ddn gidn nhat cOa van hoa, do la: Van hoa la cai gi edn lgi trong ngudi sau khi da quen tat ea nhOng gi minh da hpe dupc. Mdt cai quy gia ed kha nang phan bidt ngUdi ed van hoa va ngudi khdng ed van hoa dd la y thdc tdm hin.

v a n hod khdng phai khi nao eung ddng nhd't vdi hpc van, mdt ngUdi ed hpc van cao ehua chac da ed van hoa cao va ngUpc lgi mdt ngudi cd van hoa cao chua chac da phdi la ngudi ed hpe van cao Nhieu ngudi thudng nghT rang ngudi cd van hod la ngudi ed nhieu k i l n thUe, hoac lam tudng rang ngudi ed van hoa vl dpc nhieu. Nhung du cho cd dpc nhieu, eho du nhUng tu tudng va nhOng dieu doc dupc va nhd lgi dupc cd hay d i n mUc do nao di nOa, chOng v i n khdng ed khd nang iam thay d l i con ngudi, bdi vi tn thUc ehl la phUdng tidn ehU khdng phai la muc dfch.

Cdn phdi suy nghT ky vd sau sac nhUng d i l u dpe dupe trong sach v d , tUc id phai nam vdng ehOng mdt each thau dao, di s a u d i n tan cung cOa nhOng tn thUe dang hpc, h i p thy nd cho d i n khi nhUng gia trj tinh thdn ay trd thanh hUu cd, trd thanh tai san cOa minh. Chl d i n lOc dy, nhUng k i l n thUc mdi lam chO cudc sdng vd se quye't dinh sp hinh thanh nhdng p h l m eha't cOa con ngudi. Neu con ngudi ta khdng chiu hpc that, thi that d l ed k i l n thdc that ma lgi dung cae thO doan ehay d i l m , mua bang thi hp da tp bien hp thdnh hgng ngUdi "hOu danh, vd thye", d u p c d u ludn t i l n bd xa hpi gpi d u a id "hpc gid". Tuy ed tam bang thdt, nhUng vi trinh dp gid nen hp thieu nhUng

TS. D O N G X U A N T H A N H Trudng Dgi hpc Cdng nghidp TP. Ho Chi Minh

pham chat va nang Ipe tu duy d l dua ra nhUng quyet djnh dOng dan trudc nhUng van d l phUe tgp ma eude sdng dgt ra. Vdi phUdng phap t u duy thidu ranh mgeh va nhdn thUe "md tdi" mang ndng tinh ea nhdn ehO nghTa ma n l u ho lgi nam ghe lanh dao thi hp se gdp phan vao viec lam eho xa hdi ehgm phat t r i l n bdi nhOng q u y l t djnh thidu tfnh khach quan, khoa hpc.

Ddn gidn ngay nhu ddi vdi mdt ngudi lai xe, n l u ed sd dao tao ma d l dai bd qua eho hp phan hpe luat, phdn hpe ly thuyet trong dd cd phan dgo dOc ngUdi lai xe thi khi cd tam bang dupc phep cam tay lai, ho iam sao ed t h i Ung xO dep va hpp ly trong rdt n h i l u tinh hudng phUc tgp, bat ngd xay ra tren dudng di.

Van hod Id mdt tinh trang thang bang v l tinh than, nd khdng chi lidn quan d i n nhUng d i l u da hpc dUdc, m a cdn lien quan tdi ky luat d ben trong mdi con ngudi cd van hod. Van hoa khdng phai cU vd vao Id dupe, ma la sp sang tao tU ban than. Saeh vd thi that n h i l u ngudi b i l t , nhung ngUdi thpc su cd van hod thi h i l m . Cd nhu'ng ngUdi tuy cd bang cap eao, dia vj eao, nhung chua chac da cd van hoa. Cd van hoa la cd mdt tu each sdng cao thUdng. Nd yeu cau con ngudi ta khdng ehi ed kha nang tfch fuy tri thdc ma edn bude eon ngudi ta phai cd kha nang sang tao, kha nang "tea sang", khd nang h i l n ddng minh, kha nang phyng sy nhdn logi.

Trong thUc t l tdn tai, sp phan cdng lao ddng xa hdi da day con ngudi ta vao the ehuyen mdn hoa, ehuyen khoa hoa va chuydn biet hod, tUe la mdi ngudi ehi lam chO ky thuat mdt cdng vide nao day.

Nhung eon ngudi mudn lam chO dUdc cdng viec mdt each tdt nhat, bdt bude con ngUdi ta phdi vUpt ra khdi nhQng gidi hgn eOa ehuyen mdn d d . De iam mpt nha chuyen mdn tdt, nhat t h i l t ngudi dd phai cd hpe v a n , cd mdt vdn van hoa toan dien. Cudc sdng n l u chT gidi hgn d nhOng tn thUe chuyen mdn rieng eho edng vide eOa minh se d l bi han che v l h i l u b i l t , te nhgt va ngheo nan trong ddi sdng tinh than. La mdt ngUdi ky s u ma lgi cam thd'y xa la vdi nhdng thanh tuu mdi eua khoa hoc, gia tn cua nghe thuat, thi anh ta eOng lam la trd thanh mdt ngudI thao nghe, edn chang bao gid cd t h i trd thanh mdt nha phat minh, sang tao vd khd ed the vUPn len tam cao cOa tri thUc. Trong trudng hdp d d , con ngUdi se tU ddnh mat rat nhieu cd hdi d l thudng thdc, tan hudng nhUng thO vui cua cudc sdng, nhu ve dep eua mdt bdng hoa ddng ndi, tieng ehim hdt trong thien nhien hay mdt ban nhge du dUdng, trO tinh,...

AN TOAN GIAO T H O N G - GIAO THONG DO THj

Theo quan d i l m gido dye tuy da cd hang t h i ky rdi nhung vdn edn ehUa ddy tfnh dUng dan, nhdn van va hdp ddn thdi dgi, dd Id quan d i l m eOa ed Tong thdng Hoa Ky Abraham Linheoln trong bUc thu gOi Hieu trudng trudng ndi con dng ta theo hpc: "...Xin hay day cho chdu b i l t d i n the gidi ky didu cOa s a c h „ "

nhung cung d l eho ehdu ed du thdi gian d l Iang le suy tu v l sy bi an mudn thud cOa cudc sdng: "...Dan ehim tung canh tren bau trdi, dan ong bay lUPn trong nang va nhdng bdng hoa nd ngdt trdn d l i xanh...".

Trong cudc sdng, neu con ngUdi lOc nao eung tdt bdt vdi edng vide lam an, khdng danh thdi gian suy ngdm v l nhUng d i l u da hpe, da dpc, da quan sat dUpc trong cudc ddi thi khdng biet d i n bao gid mdi dgt den sp thdng tue h i l u biet dupc chan ty vd dgt d i n trgng thai giac n g d . Suy ngam la mdt qua trinh dem t u tudng ra khdi nhOng van d l vat chat ddi thudng va kham pha c h i l u sau cOa con ngudi tinh than ben trong, c u l i eUng tim dupe bdn chat cOa sp thinh iang vd binh an.

Vdn hod giao thdng Id t h i Ong xO cOa con ngudi khi tham gia giao thdng. Trong rdt n h i l u cdc trudng phd thdng trdn d i t nUdc ta, khi bUdc vao san trudng chOng ta d i u nhin thd'y k h i u hidu "tidn hgc id, hdu hgc vdri', nhUng thUe t l cho thd'y rat n h i l u hpe sinh dO da td't nghiep phd thdng trung hpc rdi nhung vdn chua h i l u dOng nghTa eOa cau nay. D i l u nay chOng td hipu qud khdng mdy cao cOa mdn giao dye cdng dan dupc dgy trong rat n h i l u ndm d phd thdng. Trong cau trdn cd sO d y n g nhUng tU gde Han -Vidt: "tidn" Id trude, "hau" la sau, nghTa Id trude tidn phdi hpe " l i " , rdi sau dd mdi hpc d i n "van". NhUng trUde khi vdo dgy mdn phUdng phap t u duy (logic hpe), khi thdy dgt cau hdi truy van sinh vien khai niem the ndo Id "le" vd thd ndo la "van" thi hdu h i t cac em deu trd Idi khdng e h u i n . C d nhieu em h i l u "le" Id l l phep, edn "van" la van hpe, vdn chUdng. Vdi nhdn thdc ddn gidn va sd sdi nhu t h i , n l u khdng dupe quan tdm ddo tao thdm ve phUdng phdp t u duy, ky nang giao t i l p d bac dai hpc, cao dJing thi hau qua td't y l u Id van hoa Ung x d cOa sinh vien td't nghiep ra trudng khdng dupe td't, cdn vung v l trong giao t i l p , edn au trtchua h i l u b i l t day du ndi ham eua n h i l u khai niem. Sinh vidn Id tang Idp tri thUe trong tUdng lai, muon sinh vien dupe dao tgo v l ITnh vpe nay can phai gdn vdo ehUdng trinh mdn hpc, khi dd mdi ed t i l t gidng vd ndi dung giang day, ma trong khdi cac trudng ky thudt thi phu hpp nhdt la long ghep vdo mdn Logic hpc de giang day, vi ddy la mdn hpc day cdch t u duy khdi niem, phdn doan, suy ludn vd lap ludn.

L I phdi h i l u Id cdc phep t i c , luat le (bao gdm luat, quy djnh, quy tae, ndi quy, quy ehl,...), edn vin Id bao hdm tdt ca cac k i l n thUc v l van hoa, chuyen m d n , bao gdm cd cae kien thUe v l todn, ly, h o d , sinh,...

chuyen mdn ky thudt cdc ngdnh nghe trong xd hdi.

v a n vd Le la nhUng pham tru thude cOng m p t t r g t t y vdi nghTa la d i u le thude vao ddi song mdt xa hdi c6 td chOc, nhung chung ed chde ndng khae nhau trong xa hdi nay. Trong Luan ngU cd mdt cau ndi r i t noi t i i n g cOa Nhan Uydn - id mdt trong nhUng hpe trd xud't sdc cOa Khdng TO: "Thay md mang trf thdc ta bang vdn, gid gin hdnh vi ta bang Id". c a u ndy mang y nghTa Id vdn hoa md rdng nhdn thOc con ngudi, tUc la lam giau npi dung bdn trong cOa eon ngudi, edn nhUng phep tae hay d i l n le thi dieu ehinh cudc sdng va hanh vi cOa eon ngudi trong xa hdi cd to chUe, giU eho nd d trong nhdng phgm vi nhat djnh. Mdt cd e h l v a n minh la tao cho mdi ngudi sdng trong dd cd khd nang tU suy xet va t i l t c h l nhdng ham mudn thai qua cOa chinh minh, tp d i l u chinh hanh vi cOa minh theo hudng vUa ed idi eho bdn than minh nhung eung lgi vUa ed ipi eho cdng ddng xa hdi.

Lugt Giao thdng dUpe sogn thdo ra id d l d i l u chinh cdc quan he giUa ngUdi vdi ngUdi khi tham gia giao thdng, eung nhu eae edeh Ung xO vdi ede edng trinh cau dUdng, thdng tin, tin hieu, b i l n bdo, t h i l t bj ehuydn dung,... giOp eho ngUdi tham gia giao thdng dupe an toan, bao ve dupe tdi s a n , hang hod vdn e h u y i n tren dudng di. Mudn ed nhgn thUe v l lugt thi con ngudi can phdi hpe lugt, nhung n l u con ngUdi ta lgi hpc them dupe n h i l u nhOng k i l n thUc chuydn mdn v l giao thdng van tdi thi cang td't hdn cho vide Ong xO khi tham gia giao thdng. NhOng k i l n thOc cd bdn cdn t h i l t d l gidi q u y l t dn thod van d l TTATGT gdm 3 ITnh vUc chfnh sau ddy:

- PhUdng tidn, t h i l t bj giao thdng van tdi.

- C d sd ha tang phye vy giao thdng v a n tdi va mdi trudng.

- Con ngudi tham gia giao thdng {tdm sinh ly va ddi sdng tinh than, tam linh).

- C h ! khi thau h i l u dupc cac v a n de trdn, eon ngudi ta mdi cd dupe mdt edi nhin tdng quat d l d l ra nhdng giai phdp tdng t h i nham gidi q u y l t dUdc cac van d l vUdng mae trong ITnh vue TTATGT.

Van hod giao thdng, ngoai vide gdp phdn ddm bdo an todn cho ngudi. phUdng tidn va hang hoa khi tham gia giao thdng, nd cdn giOp dem lai niem vui, tinh ydu thUdng, su cdm thdng, chia xd trong cdng dong ngUdi sdng cd y thUe va ly tUdng nhan van cao dep •

Tai lieu t h a m k h d o

[1 J. Lam the ndo de eUu van phong had - Phap sU Tmh Khdng (Thieh Giac Thien djeh) - NXB PhUdng Ddng - 2008.

[2]. Lam the ndo de sdng lau - Ion Boocdeianu - NXB Y h o c - 1 9 7 7 .

[3]. Nang cao sde manh tinh thin - Margaret Pinkerton - NXB Van hod Sai Gdn - 2006.

[4]. PhUdng Ddng vi phuang Tiy- N. K o n r a t - NXB Giao d y e - 1 9 9 7 .