HOAN THIEN QUY DINH PHAP LUAT VE VIEN CHtto d NUtJC TA HIEN NAY
PGS, TS PHAN TRUNG Llf<*'
X ay dimg, quan ly can bd bao gdm ea can bd, cdng chirc, vien chiic ludn la sir quan tam ciia Dang va Nha nude ta. Qua cae thdi ky khac nhau vdi phuang cham
"cdng tac can bd la then chdt". Dang va Nha nude da cd nhiing chu truang, ca che phii hgp, tao dieu kien cho ddi ngii can bd phat huy nang luc cua minh. Tren ca sd dd, phap luat ve vien chiic da timg budc dugc hoan thien. Til mdt khai niem "can bd" ndi chung, mdt ca che chung, can bd dan dan da dugc phan loai de dap ring yeu cau cdng tac. Co che tuyen dung, sii dung, quan ly va dai ngd cGng dugc cu the hda phii hgp hon, hieu qua ban. Trong dpi ngii can bd ndi chung, chiing ta da timg budc tach dan thanh thang bac can bd, cdng chirc va vien chiic. Hp deu la nhiing ngudi lam viec trong cac ca quan eiia Dang, cua Nha nude, cd chung muc dich la phuc vu nhan dan nhung each thiic phuc vu, ca che quan ly da khac nhau.
1. Qua trinh phat trien phap luat ve vien chirc
He thdng cac quy dinh cua phap luat ve quan ly dpi ngii vien chiic da dugc hinh thanh tir ngay sau khi Cach mang Thang Tam thanh cdng, Nha nude ta dugc thanh lap. He thdng dd dugc tilp tuc phat triln va
<*> Uy ban Phdp luat Qu6c hoi.
hoan thien cho din nay. Qua trinh dd cd thi phan chia thanh 3 giai doan chinh la:
Giai doan thit nhdt: Cac quy dinh ve
vien ebiic, ve quan ly dpi ngii can bd tir nam 1945 din nam 1998, dugc hinh thanh tren ea sd tu tudng cua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ve cdng tac can bd, viec six dung can bd, nhCrng sac lenh cua Chinh phii ve xay dimg ddi ngii can bd, nhung chu truang cua Dang ve cdng tac quan trpng nay, bao gdm:
- Bai bd nen hanh chinh, tu phap, hpc quan cua che dp cii (cac sac lenh sd 5, 18, 32); bai bd tit ca cac cdng sd, cac ca quan trudc thudc Phu toan quyen Ddng Duong (Sic lenh sd 41/SL ngay 3-10-1945); thilt lap che dp cdng chile mdi (Sac lenh 188/SL ngay 9-5-1948) theo nguyen tac mdi nhu:
An dinh miic sinh boat tdi thieu, trpng dung thanh tich, tai nang; thdng nhat ngach, bac luang; quy dinh ngach cdng chiic...
Yeu cau ddi vdi can bd trong thdi ky nay la phai tan tam, tan tuy phuc vu nhan dan, can bd la cdng bde ciia dan. Yeu cau dung can bd liic nay ciing rd rang nhu Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ndi: "Viec dung nhan tai, ta khdng nen can cil vao dieu kien qua khat khe. Mien la khdng phan lai quyen Igi cua dan chiing, khdng la Viet gian, than Phap, than Nhat, cd Idng trung thanh vdi Td qudc la ed the diing dugc. Tai to, ta diing lam viec to, tai nhd ta cat lam vif e nhd, ai cd nang lire
L Y L U A N CHiNH TRI 11-2010 47
lam viec gi, ta dat ngay vao viec iy" (Chiln thing - Bao Citu quoc, sd 58, 4-10-1945).
- Cdng vu nha nude dan dan dugc hoan thien. Cac yeu cau xay dung can bd nha nude ndi chung theo tinh than dan chu mdi dugc the hien trong Sac lenh sd 76/SL do Chu tich Ho Chi Minh ky ngay 20-5-1950 ban hanh Quy che cong chicc Viet Nam.
- Cdng tac quan ly can bp, cdng chiic trong thdi ky xay dimg CNXH d mien Bac, dau tranh giai phdng mien Nam thdng nhat nude nha da cd nhiing thay ddi. Sau khi mien Bac dugc giai phdng, cdng viec nha nude dugc phan cdng rd rang ban. Toan bd hoat ddng dugc phan chia thanh boat ddng san xuat va boat ddng hanh chinh sir nghiep.
Toan bd ngudi lao ddng dugc hudng luong tir ngan sach nha nude, gpi chung la can bd, cdng nhan, vien chiic nha nude. Nghi dinh sd 23/CP ngay 30-6-1960 da ed budc phan loai de xep luong ddi vdi can bp, vien chile hanh chinh sir nghiep. Nghi dinh sd 24/CP, 25/CP (thang 7-1960) quy dinh chi dp tiln luong khu vuc san xuat va khu vuc hanh chinh su nghiep. Nghi dinh sd 24/CP cua Hdi ddng Chinh phu ngay 13-3-1963 ban hanh Dieu le tuyen dung vd cho thdi viec doi vdi cong nhdn, vien chicc.
- Cdng tac quan ly can bd, vien chile tir sau giai phdng mien Nam thdng nhat nude nha (nam 1975) den khi ban hanh Phdp lenh cdn bo, cong chicc. Day la thdi ky cd nhieu chii truang, chinh sach ve cdng tac quan ly can bd, vien chirc theo co che ke hoach hda tap trung dugc the hien trong cac quy dinh cua phap luat, cu the la: Nghi dinh sd 217/CP ciia Chinh phii ngay 8-6-1979 quy dinh che dp phuc vu nhan dan cua can bd, nhan vien va co quan nha nude; Quyet dinh sd 117/HDBT eiia Hdi ddng Bd trudng quy dinh danh muc cac chiic vu
vien chiic nha nude. Day la can cir quan trpng dl xay dung chiic danh diy du va tieu chuin nghiep vu cu thi; Nghi dinh sd 235/
HDBT cua Hdi ddng Bd trudng ngay 18-9- 1985 vl cai each ehl dp tiln luong chuyin sang ehl dp tra luong bing tiln; Nghi dinh 169/HDBT cua Hdi ddng Bd trudng ngay 25-5-1991 quy dinh vl cdng chiic va ddi tugng la cdng chiie. Day la can cil budc dau de phan biet can bd vdi cdng chire.
Nghi quyet Dai hdi VII yeu cau "Phan dinh rd can bd dan cu trong boat ddng theo nhiem ky va cae loai cdng chile, vien chiic chuyen nghiep... Xay dung quy che cdng chiic, vien chiic trong tirng linh vuc quan ly nha nude, boat ddng sir nghiep, san xuat kinh doanh nham hinh thanh dpi ngu can bd theo nghe nghiep, nam viing phap luat".
Tren ca sd chu truang eiia Dang, ben canh viec ban hanh cac van ban cu the quy dinh van de nay, Chinh phu da chuan bi du an Phap lenh can bd, cdng chiic trinh Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hdi.
Giai doan thic hai: tir nam 1997 den 2003. Thuc hien chu truong eiia Dang ve cdng tac can bd the hien trong cac nghi quyet eiia Hdi nghi Trung uong 3 khda VIII. Dd la Nghi quylt 03/NQ/HNTW ngay
18-6-1997 ve phat huy quyen lam chii cua nhan dan, tiep tuc xay dung Nha nude Cdng hda xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam trong sach, viing manh; Nghi quyet ve chien lupc can bd thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nude. Cac nghi quyet thdi ky nay da neu len mat manh, mat yeu ciia cdng tac can bd, yeu cau cung cd va xay dung dpi ngu can bd de khac phuc tinh trang "ddng nhung khdng ddng bd, vira thira, vira thieu", khdng dap ling yeu ciu, nhit la vl quan ly thi trudng, quan ly xa hdi, phap luat... Ddng thdi phai dilu chinh.
48 LY LUAN CHiNH TRj 11 -2010
sap xep lai dpi ngu can bd dl hp phat huy dugc nang lire, sd trudng ddng gdp thiet thuc cho boat ddng phuc vu nhan dan.
Phdp lenh cdn bo, cdng chicc dugc ban hanh ngay 26-2-1998 la mdt moc quan trpng trong viec hoan thien ca sd phap ly ciia cdng tac quan ly dpi ngu can bp. Cac van ban quy pham phap luat khac dugc ban hanh da tao nen mdt the che tuong ddi day dii ve can bp, cdng chiic. Nhieu van de da dugc giai quyet. Tuy nhien, van de van tiep tuc dugc dat ra la phai cd nhung quy dinh cu the ve vien chiic.
Giai doan thu ba: Luat Cdn bg, cdng chicc dugc Qudc hdi ban hanh nam 2008 la budc tien mdi vdi nhCmg quy dinh mdi ve can bd, cdng chiic. Dac biet la Luat nay chi dilu chinh ve can bd, cdng chile vdi nhirng ddi tugng dugc quy dinh cu the, cdn vien chiic thi dugc tach de dieu chinh d mdt van ban rieng.
2. Quan diem chi dao va yeu cau doi voi viec hoan thien phap luat ve vien chiic
- Yeu cdu khdch quan doi vdi viec hodn thien phdp ludt ve vien chicc
Nhu da trinh bay, the che hda chu truong, dudng ldi ciia Dang, Luat Cdn bg, cong chuc da dugc ban hanh, mot loat quy dinh ve tuyen dung, quan ly, su dung can bd, cdng chiic da dugc hoan thien. Viec ra ddi cua cac van ban phap luat da gdp phan cdng khai, minh bach cdng tac quan ly ddi vdi can bd, cdng chiic ndi rieng. Co che dd tao nen su canh tranh lanh manh gdp phan nang cao chat lugng ciia ddi ngii can bd, cdng chiic. Co che dd ciing da budc dau hinh thanh nhCrng quy dinh cu thi, dac thii vl quan ly vien chiic.
Tuy nhien, qua nghien ciiu, chiing tdi thiy viec hoan thien ca sd phap ly cua viec
quan ly vien chiic vin cdn nhCmg bat cap, thilu sdt. Cu thi la: cac quy dinh cua phap luat vin thilu dong bd, khd thuc hien; ehua cd tieu chi cu thi dl phan biet, phan loai nhim xay dimg co ehl quan ly h\m hieu ddi vdi vien chirc; cae khau tuyen dung, sii dung, quan ly, ehl dp chinh sach tien luang cQng ehua dugc quy dinh rd.
- Quan diem chi dao nghien citu hodn thien phdp ludt ve vien chicc
Quan dilm chi dao nghien ciin hoan thien phap luat ve vien chiic dugc hinh thanh tren ca sd chu truang dudng ldi ciia Dang, chinh sach cua Nha nude ve cdng tac can bd. Viec xay dung Luat Vien ebiic phai bao dam: the che hda day du va kip thdi chii truang cua Dang ve cdng tac can bd theo yeu cau mdi, ve xay dung bp may nha nude trong sach, vQng manh va hieu qua;
tao CO sd phap ly de xay dung, quan ly va phat huy nang lire cua dpi ngQ vien chirc dap ling yeu cau phuc vu nhan dan, phuc vu cdng ddng; ddi mdi va nang cao hieu qua quan ly nha nude ve vien chiic, gdp phan bao dam tinh cdng khai, minh bach, tu chii, tu chiu trach nhiem trong boat ddng eiia vien chiic, thiic day su phat trien boat ddng sir nghiep cdng lap ndi rieng va boat ddng cua bd may nha nude ndi chung; ke thira va phat trien nhCmg quy dinh ciia phap luat hien hanh phu hgp vdi dieu kien va tinh hinh cila dat nude ta trong giai doan mdi.
3. Nhung van de ctf ban de hoan thien phap luat ve vien chiic
- Ve doi tugng dieu chinh: Mdt trong nhiing van de can nghien ciiu khi hoan thien phap luat ve vien chire la xac dinh ddi tugng dieu chinh cila nd. Vien chile la nhCrng ngudi lao ddng ndi chung d cac don vi sir nghiep hay chi la nhiing dan vi sir nghiep cdng lap. Can khang dinh rang, muc
LY L U A N CHiNH TRI 11 - 2010 49
dich xay dung Luat Vien chiic la dl dilu chinh nhiing ngudi lao ddng dugc tach ra tir can bd vien chile trudc kia. Nhu vay, cd the hieu vien chiic la ngudi nha nude (ma da la ngudi cua Nha nude Viet Nam thi phai la cdng dan Viet Nam), do Nha nude tuyen dung, bd tri sir dung va quan ly.
CCing vi vay, cd the ndi vien chile khdng the la nhung ngudi lao ddng trong cac dan vi sir nghiep ndi chung, ma chi la nhCrng ngudi lao ddng khu vuc cdng, d don vi sir nghiep cdng lap. Vien chiic phan biet vdi nhCrng ngudi lao ddng khac bdi cac tieu chi nhu tuyen dung, bd nhiem, bd tri cdng viec, dieu ddng, che dp luang va chinh sach dai ngd. Tdm lai, vien ehiie la cdng dan Viet Nam dugc tuyen dung theo che dp hgp ddng lam viec, dugc bd nhiem vao mdt chile danh nghe nghiep tai cac dan vi sir nghiep cdng lap, hudng luong tir quy luang cua dan vi sir nghiep cdng lap. Nhu vay, ve nguyen tac, la cdng dan Viet Nam thi khdng phan biet d trong hay ngoai nude deu cd the dugc tuyen dung lam vien chiic.
Tuy nhien, da la vien chiic thi phai gan vdi chure danh nghe nghiep, vi tri viec lam cu the va cCing vi vay ddi vdi vi tri viec lam cu the, chire danh nghe nghiep cu the se cd nhCrng yeu cau cu the, dieu kien cu the.
Vien chiic thuc hien nhiem vu ciia minh phai tuan theo mdt he chuan muc ling xir nhat dinh. Cac chuan muc ung xu nay do ca quan nha nude ed tham quyen ban hanh tren ca sd quy dinh cd tinh nguyen tic la vien chile phai cd tinh than trach nhiem, tan tuy phuc vu nhan dan; tuan thu quy trinh, quy chuan chuyen mdn nghiep vu; tuan thu phap luat; chiu sir kiem tra, giam sat cua ca quan td chile cd tham quyen va cua nhan dan.
Don vi sir nghiep cdng lap la td chile do CO quan cd tham quyen cua Nha nude, td chiic chinh tri - xa hdi thanh lap theo quy
dinh cua phap luat, cd tu each phap nhan, cung cip dich vu cdng, phuc vu viec thuc hien chirc nang quan ly nha nude. Nhiing don vi sir nghiep cdng lap nay dugc td chiic trong mdt sd linh vuc nhit dinh nhu y te, giao due, nghien ciiu khoa hpc va d nhiing linh vuc khac ma cac don vi ngoai cdng lap ehua cd kha nang dap ling dugc nhu cau cua xa hdi. Cac don vi su nghiep cdng lap dugc phan ra thanh don vi dugc giao quyen tir chii va don vi ehua dugc giao quyen tu chii ve tai chinh, td chiic, bd may, nhan sir.
- Ve quyen vd nghia vu cua vien chicc:
nhCrng quy dinh ve van de nay hien van cdn y kien khac nhau. Theo chiing tdi, phap luat ve vien chiic can quy dinh rd nhirng nhiem vu va quyen ban chung, nhCrng nhiem vu va quyen ban cu the lien quan den boat ddng nghe nghiep cua vien chiic theo hudng:
La cdng dan, vien chiic cd day du quyen va nghia vu ca ban cua cdng dan. Vien chile dupe phap luat bao ve va binh dang trudc phap luat; dugc tham gia cae boat ddng kinh te - xa hdi; dugc hpc tap va lam viec, nghi ngai; dugc hudng luong va chinh sach che dp theo quy dinh cua phap luat. Ngoai ra, vien chile cd cac quyen lien quan den boat ddng nghe nghiep. Vien chiic cd quyen hoat ddng nghe nghiep ngoai thdi gian lam viec quy dinh trong hgp ddng; dugc gdp vdn dau tu nhmig khdng dugc tham gia quan ly, dieu hanh cdng ty, doanh nghiep tu nhan va td ehitc nghien cilu khoa hpc khac.
Vien chiic cd nghia vu tdn trpng biln phap va phap luat, can kiem liem chinh; cd trach nhiem trong boat ddng nghi nghiep;
thuc hien diing cac quy dinh cua don vi cdng tac; giCr gin cila cdng, bao ve bi mat nha nude; phai thudng xuyen hpc tap nang cao trinh dp, ky nang chuyen mdn, nghiep vu.
50 LYLUANCHiNHTR!11-2010
Khi phuc vu nhan dan, vien chirc phai cd thai dp lich sir, tdn trpng nhan dan, khdng bach dich cua quyln; bao dam diing quy dinh v l thu tuc hanh chinh, khdng gay khd khan phien ha cho nhan dan.
- Tuyen dung vd qudn ly vien chicc:
Tuyen dung la viec lira chpn ngudi vao lam viec tai ca quan, td chure theo vi tri viec lam va chile danh nghe nghiep. Cdng dan Viet Nam cd du dieu kien quy dinh thi dugc tuyen dung lam vien chile. Vien chile la ngudi lam viec gan vdi vi tri viec lam, chiic danh nghe nghiep cu the, nen viec tuyen dung vien chirc cCing phai can cii vao nhu cau cdng viec cu the. Dieu can ban nhat la phai bao dam tinh cdng khai, minh bach, cdng bang va diing phap luat trong tuyen dung. Viec tuyen dung phai bao dam diing ngudi, diing vi tri viec lam, diing tieu chuan.
Viec tuyen dung vien chirc dugc thuc hien thdng qua hinh thiic thi tuyen hoac xet tuyen.
Qudn ly vien chile phai can cir vao dac thii td chirc nha nude va xa hdi nude ta nen vien chiic khdng chi cd d cac dan vi sir nghiep cdng do Nha nude lap, ma cdn cd d cac don vi su nghiep cdng do td chile chinh tri, chinh tri - xa hdi thanh lap. Vi vay, viec quan ly dpi ngii vien chure thudc tham quyen cua rat nhieu CO quan, td chirc khac nhau. Tuy nhien, quan ly vien chiic la mdt linh vuc quan ly nha nude thudc tham quyen ciia Chinh phii. Bd Ndi vu chiu trach nhiem giiip Chinh phu thuc hien nhiem vu nay.
Quan ly vien chiic d timg don vi sir nghiep cdng lap cu the thudc trach nhiem ciia don vi dd. Ndi dung quan ly vien chiic bao gdm tuyen dung vien chiic, sii dung vien chile, thuc hien che dp tien luong, chinh sach dai ngd, dao tao bdi dudng, thirc hien viec danh gia, khen thudng, ky luat va cac cdng viec khac. J .,
GIAI PHAP THU HUT DAU TlT...
{Tiip theo trang 55)
- Tang cudng ho trg cac doanh nghiep diu tu nude ngoai day manh boat ddng xuit khiu, khdng de cac doanh nghiep nay bi ap dat thue cao, cd ca che phan bd quota det - may binh dang va kip thdi.
- Day manh boat ddng xiic tien dau tu nham vao cac dia ban trpng diem, cac tap doan xuyen qudc gia, cac du an cdng nghe cao thudc linh vuc quan trpng cua nen kinh te, ciing vdi viec tang cudng td chiic cae hdi nghi ve dau tu vdi quy md Idn nham khuyech truang khu vuc kinh te cd vdn FDI va keu gpi dau tu vao Viet Nam.
- Nang cap ket cau ha tang nhu cung cap dien, nude, ket ndi internet la mdt trong nhCrng uu tien hang dau. Dac biet, Nha nude nen tap trung dau tu phat trien ket cau ha tang, dam bao cac cdng trinh ket cau ha tang ky thuat (dudng, dien, nude, thdng tin lien lac) den tan dudng vao cac khu cdng nghiep.
- Dau tu va dao tao lai lire lupng lao ddng, dap ling yeu cau cac nha dau tu nude ngoai ve chat lugng va ky luat lao ddng. Nang cao trinh dp chuyen mdn cho cdng chiic nha nude d cac cap lien quan den cdng tac quan ly cae boat ddng cua doanh nghiep ed vdn dau tu nude ngoai.
Ve chien luge lau dai, Nha nude can cd nhiing chinh sach ddn dau trong giao due, dao tao ngudn nhan lire cd trinh do, ky nang ky thuat, ky nang kinh doanh phii hgp vdi yeu cau qudc te.
(1) Dir thao cac van icien trinh Dai hoi XI cua Dang, thang 4-2010, tr.57.
LY L U A N CHiNH TR! 11 -2010 51
