ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮﺿ تاﺮ ﯾ
ﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ژﺮﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﮔﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ي
ﺳ ﯿ ﺎﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺐ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ و ﻮ
اﻮﻫ نوآ ي
غاد
ﺳ ﯿ ﻤﺷﺎﻫ ﺮﻔﻌﺟ ﺪ
1ﯽ ﺮﺒﺠﻧر هدازآ ،*
ﻧﺎﻣاﺪﻧ
2ﯽ ﻧ ، ﯿ ﺪﺒﻋ ﺮﻓﻮﻠ
3ي
1 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎ ﯿ
ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺳﻮ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ - زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ي
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﯿﻌ
ﯽ رﺎﺳ ي - نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ .
2 - دﺎﺘﺳا ﯾ ﻧﺎﮑﻣ هوﺮﮔ رﺎ ﯿ
ﺑ ﮏ ﯿ ﺳﻮ ﯿ ﻢﺘﺴ - زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ي
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﯿﻌ
ﯽ رﺎﺳ ي - نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ .
3 - ﺎﻨﺻ هوﺮﮔ ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ زروﺎﺸﮐ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ي
ﺒﻃ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ و ﯿﻌ
ﯽ رﺎﺳ ي - نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 11 / 03 / 1401
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 02 / 05 / 1401
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ،
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ،ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺐ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ
،ﻮ
ﺳ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯿ
ﺐ
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.127.281 DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.127.27.0
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ا رد ﯾ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ
،ﻖ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺳ ﯿ ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺑ ﺐ ﯿ
ﻪ 84 % ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺮﺗ ﻪ
آﺮﻓ رد ﯾ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﯾ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ﮏ ا
ي ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﯽ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﮔﻮﻠﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯿﺮ
ي زا
هﻮﻬﻗ ﺶﻨﮐاو ا
ي ﺰﻧآ نﺪﺷ ﯾﻤ ﯽ ﻬﺗ شﺮﺑ ، ﯿ
ﺳا رد هﺪﺷ ﻪ ﯿ
ﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﺪ ﯿ
ﮏ 1 % تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 5 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ
ﻪﻃﻮﻏ ﺪﺷ رو . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
اﻮﻫ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ شور رﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ي
ﺎﻣد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ غاد ي
اﻮﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي
) 70 ℃ ، 60 و 50 ( ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ا
ي ) 70℃ - 60 ، 70 - 50 ، 60 - 50 ( ناﻮﺗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ و
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ) 360W ، 180 و 90 ( ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ا
ي ) 360W - 180 ، 360 - 90 و
180 - 90 ( ﺳر ﺎﺗ ﯿ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﺑ نﺪ 20
% ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﯾ
ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ﻣﯿ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ ،ﻮ ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﺘﻧ رد و ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﯿ
ﺮﺿ ﻪﺠ ﯾ ﻧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯿ
اﺰﻓا ﺰ ﯾ ﺶ
ﻣ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ . ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺘﻬﺑ جوﺮﺧ ا
ي دﻮﺑ . ﺰﻧآ ﺮﺛا ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻦﮐ
اﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ ي ﺛﺄﺗ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺴﺑ ﺮ ﯿ رﺎ ﮐﺪﻧا ﯽ ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺖﺷاد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ .
ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺶ ﯿ
ﻤﻬﻣ ﺮ ﯽ ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺖﺷاﺪﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ .
ﺎﺑ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ،ﻮ ي ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ﻪﻗرو زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳ ﯿ ﺐ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ا و ﺖﻓﺎ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ ﻦ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺖﺳا . ﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮ
ا ي ،
ﺰﻧآ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نوﺪﺑ ﯾﻢ
ﺮﺑ ي ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ، ﺮﺗ ﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ زا دﻮﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ناﻮﺗ ﺐ 90
ﺲﭙﺳ و
360 .W ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ
ژﺮﻧا ناﺰ ي ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ددﺮﮔ ﺮ .
ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ﻪﺴ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ا
ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻟ ﺪ ﯿ ا ﻦﮑ ﯾ ﻐﺗ ﻦ ﯿﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي نوﺪﺑ و
ﺰﻧآ ﯾﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﻧاﺪﻨﭼ فﻼﺘﺧا ًﺎﺒ ﯽ
ﻤﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ،ﻦ ا
ي ﺎﺑ
ﺎﻣ و نوآ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺘﻬﺑ جوﺮﺧ ﺐﺒﺳ ،ﻮ ي
ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ﺮ
ﻪﻗرو زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻫﺎ
ي ﺳ ﯿ ﻣ ﺐ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ
مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻤﻠﻋ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ي
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ رد ﻮ ﯾ
ﯽ زروﺎﺸﮐ و ي
ﻪﺑ ،
ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯾ ﺎﺟ شور ﮏ ﯾ
ﺰﮕ ﯾ روآﺮﻓ رد ﻦ ي
ا ﯾ ﻟد ﻪﺑ ،تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻞ
ژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ي
ﺑ ﯽ ور ﯾ اﺮﺑ ﻪ ي ز تاﺮﺛا ،ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ﺖﺴ
ﺤﻣ ﯿ ﻄ ﯽ ژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ي
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﻨ ﯽ ﻧ ار ﯿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . ﻓﺮﻃ زا ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ ﺳ هﻮ ﯿ ﻏﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﺐ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا
اﺬﻏ ظﺎﺤﻟ زا ﯾ
ﯽ ﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
آﯾ ﻟﻮﺗ ،ﺪ ﯿ ﺎﺟ زا رﻮﺸﮐ رد نآ ﺪ ﯾ
هﺎﮕ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ ﯽ ﻣز رد ﯿ لﺎﻐﺘﺷا ﻪﻨ از
ﯾ ﯽ روآزرا و ي
ﺖﺳا رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
زا
ﺪﻗ ﯾﻤ ﯽ ﺮﺗ ﯾ شور ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ،ﺖﺳا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ زا فﺪﻫ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺧذ ﯿ هﺮ زﺎﺳ ي ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﯽ تﺪﻣ
اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ﻧ ندﺮﮐ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ، ﯿ
ﺎﻫزﺎ ي رادرﺎﺒﻧا ي ﻪﺘﺴﺑ و ﺪﻨﺑ ي ﻪﺑ و
ﺰﻫ نﺪﻧﺎﺳر ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﯾ
ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي ﻣ ﻞﻘﻧ و ﻞﻤﺣ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻠﻤﻋ ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ تﺎ
ﺛﺄﺗ ندﺮﮐ ﯿ ز ﺮ ﯾ دﺎ ي ور ﺮﺑ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯿ ﻗ و ﺖ ﯿ ﻣ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﻤ ﯽ
دراﺬﮔ .
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻓ تاﺮ ﯿﺰ ﯾ ﮑ ﯽ ﺑ و ﯿ ﺷﻮ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ خر ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ لﻮﻃ رد ﻪﮐ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ ،ﺪﻫد ﯿ ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮ ﯿ ﮐ ﺮﺑ ﻢ ﯿﻔ ﯿ اﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖ ﯾ
ﯽ دراد 1] و 2 .[
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯾ
ﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎ ﯿ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺖ ﯿ
اﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮ ي
لﺪﻣ و تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ زﺎﺳ
ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻊﻓد و بﺬﺟ ،
ﻃ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ ﻧﺎﻣ رﺎﺒﻧا ﯽ ﺖﺳا . ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﺘﺳد ود ﻪﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯽ
و
ﺴﻘﺗ ﻢﻃﻼﺘﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯿ
ﻣ ﻢ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯽ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﻘﺘﻧا ﻞ زا مﺮﺟ لﺎ
ﯾ ﻻ ﮏ ﯾ زﺮﻣ ﻪ ي اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﻪﮑﺒﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﯾ
ﯽ ﻤﻫا زا ،دراد دﻮﺟو ﯿ
ﺖ
ﺑﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ي ﺖﺳا رادﻮﺧﺮﺑ .
ﺮﺿ ﯾ روآﺮﻓ هدﺎﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ ي
آﺮﻓ ﯾ زﻮﺗ و رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ،ﻪﻧزور هزاﺪﻧا ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،ﺪﻨ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ رد نآ ﻊ ﯾ
ﯽ
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ اﺬﻟ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
اﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯾ
ﺶ
ﻣ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ 4] - 2 .[ لﻮﻃ رد آﺮﻓ ﯾ اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺑ،ﯿ خﺮﻧ ﻦ
ﺮﺿ و ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯿ
دراد دﻮﺟو ﻢ .
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻢﮐ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺗ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ﻦ ي ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ﺮ
ﻣ قﻼﻃا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ
دﻮﺷ 5] و 6 .[ ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﺑ
اﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﺬﻓﺎﻨﻣ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯾ
ﯽ ﮕﺘﺴﺑ ﯽ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ دراد ﯾ
ﮑ ﯽ زا
ﺎﭘ ﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣار ي ﻧﺎﻤﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽ
دور .ا ﯾ راﺪﻘﻣ و عﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦ
ﮕﺘﺴﺑ بآ رد هﺪﺷ ﻞﺣ داﻮﻣ ﯽ
دراد . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺻﺎﺧ ﻦ ﯿ ﺎﺑ رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﺖ
دراد ﺲﮑﻋ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر راﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ
ﻨﻌ ﯽ ،ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﺑ داﻮﻣ رد
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ ﻦ ﻣ ﺮﺗ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 7] .[ ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﺑ
ﻧرآ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯿ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ سﻮ ﻣ
ﯽ ﻣ و دﻮﺷ ﯿ اﺮﺑ نآ ناﺰ ي
زروﺎﺸﮐ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ي
ﺑ ﯿ ﻦ 110 - 7/
12 ﮐ ﯿ لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ 8]
.[ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ا
ي ﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﯾ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
) 2014 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺎﻣد و مﺪﻨﮔ ﺖﺨﭘ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ود ﺮ ي
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺧﺮﺗ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻧور ﺮﺑ ار ندﺮﮐ
ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﻨ ﻦﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي غاد
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﭘ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺶ ﺮﺿ ،مﺪﻨﮔ ﺖﺨ
ﯾ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
اﺮﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﻣ و ﺖﻓﺎ ﯿ ژﺮﻧا ناﺰ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺑ ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﻦ 94 / 17 ﺎﺗ
93 / 37 ﮐﯿ دﻮﺑ لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ 9]
.[ ﻈﻋ ﯿﻤ ﯽ داﮋﻧ ﯾ ﺷﻮﻫ و نﺎ ﯿ رﺎ ) 2020 (
ﺎﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﺛا ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﺳ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺑ ار ﻮ ﯿ
ﺐ ﻣز ﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ
رد و هدﺮﮐ ﯾ
ژﺮﻧا نﺎﻣﺪﻧار ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ ي
آﺮﻓ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ
ﺎﮐ و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶﻫ ﻣ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ 10] .[ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و حﻼﻓرﻮﭘ
) 2012 ( ﺎﻣد ﺮﺛا ي ﺳ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ و اﻮﻫ ﯿ
ﻣز ﺐ ﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺷﺮﺗ ﯽ رد ار ﯾ ﮏ
ﮏﺸﺧ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ غاد ﯽ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ﺑﯿ
9 ﻦ 10-
× 13 /5
8ﺎﺗ 10-
× 2/
1 ﻐﺘﻣ ﯿﯿ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،دﻮﺑ ﺮ ﯾ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﻣد ﺶ ﯾ
ﺶ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﯾ ﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶ ﯿ
ﻣ و دﺮﮐ اﺪ ﯿ
اﺰ ژﺮﻧا ن ي زﺎﺴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ي زا
37 / 23 ﺎﺗ 93 / 31 ﮐ ﯿ ﺖﺳا هدﻮﺑ لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ 11]
.[ و هداز سﺎﺒﻋ
ﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﯽ ) 2010 ( ﻧﯿ ﺛﺄﺗ ﺰ ﯿ ﺮﺟ ﺮ ﯾ اﻮﻫ نﺎ ي و ﺎﻣد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ غاد
ور ﺮﺑ اﻮﻫ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ي
ﻣ ﯿ ﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﺪﺠﻨﺳ هﻮ ﯽ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺎﻣد ﺶ ي
اﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ اﻮﻫ ﯾ
ﻣ ﺶ ﯿ ﺮﺿ ناﺰ ﯾ ﻟ ﺖﺸﮔ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯿ
اﻮﻫ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻦﮑ
ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد ﺲﮑﻋ ﺮ .
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي اﻮﻫ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ 12] .[ ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2010 ( رد ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻻ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾﻪ
ﺎﻫ ي ر كزﺎﻧ ﯾ ﺎﻣد ،نﺎﺤ ي ﮏﺸﺧ اﻮﻫ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﻦﮐ
ﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﯽ
اﻮﻫ ي دورو ي ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﻢﺸﭼ ﺮ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ور ﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ
ژﺮﻧا و ذﻮﻔﻧ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي دراد 13] .[ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2008 (
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻣد ﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧ ي
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻻ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ و ﻦﮐ ﯾﻪ
ور ﺎﻫ ي ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ
ژﺮﻧا و ذﻮﻔﻧ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻗرو ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ كزﺎﻧ ﯿﻮ ي ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 14] .[ ا زا فﺪﻫ ﯾ ﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ﯽ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻣد و ﻦﮐ
ي
ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ژﺮﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺳ ﯿ ﺐ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - هدﺎﻣآ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺳاﺪﺘﺑا ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ﻟد نﺪﻠﮔ ﻢﻗر ﯿ
ﺰﺸ ) Yellow Delicious (
زا
ﺮﺧ ناﺮﻬﺗ ﻪﻣﻮﺣ تﺎﻏﺎﺑ ﯾ
راﺪ ي ﺪﺷ . رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﺖﺧاﻮﻨﮑ زﺎﺳ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺳ ،ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳآ ﯿ د ﺐ ﯾ ﺘﺳد ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ هﺪ ﯽ
زﺎﺳاﺪﺟ ي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ .
ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﺠﻨﺳ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯿ
ﻪ ) ﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺮﺗ ﻪ 80 (%
رد ﯾ ﺎﻣد رد لﺎﭽﺨ ي
4℃ راﺪﻬﮕﻧ ي ﻧ و هﺪﺷ ﯿ ﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﻢ ﺎﻣزآ عوﺮﺷ زا ﻞﺒ
ﯾ زا ﺶ
ﯾ دﺮﮔ جرﺎﺧ لﺎﭽﺨ ﯾ
ﺪﻧﺪ . ﺳ ﯿ ﺐ ﺎﻫ ي زا ﺪﻌﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ
ﺖﺳﻮﭘ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﺘﺳد ﯽ ﺰﻠﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ي
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﺑ 5
ﻣﯿ ﻠ ﯽ ﺮﻄﻗ و ﺮﺘﻣ 36
ﻣ ﯿﻠ ﯽ اد ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ ﯾ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد شﺮﺑ هﺮ .
ﻪﺑ
ﮔﻮﻠﺟ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي هﻮﻬﻗ ﺶﻨﮐاو زا ا
ي ﺰﻧآ نﺪﺷ ﯾﻤ ﯽ ﻬﺗ شﺮﺑ ، ﯿ هﺪﺷ ﻪ
ﺳا رد ﯿ ﺪ ﺑرﻮﮑﺳآ ﯿ ﮏ 1 % تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 5 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻃﻮﻏ ﻪﻘ ﺪﺷ رو . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﻮﻫ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ شور رﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺎﻣد ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺎﺑ غاد ي
اﻮﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ) 70 ℃ ، 60 و 50 ( ود و
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي ) 70℃ - 60 ، 70 - 50 ، 60 - 50 ( ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ و ناﻮﺗ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ) 360W ، 180 و 90 ( ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ا
ي
) 360W - 180 ، 360 - 90 و 180 - 90 ( ﺳر ﺎﺗ ﯿ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﺑ نﺪ 20
%
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ 6]
.[ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ا
ي
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ا ي ﻣ ﻪﺑ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯿ
ناﺰ 50 % ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯿ
ﻪ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺎﻣد زا ﯾ ﻟوا ناﻮﺗ ﺎ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ و ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﻪ هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد
ﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﯾ ﻐﺗ ﻪ ﯿﯿ ﻣ ﺮ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ . ﺮﺿ ﺲﭙﺳ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا و ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
زﺎﺴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ي درﻮﻣ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ و .
2 - 2 - ﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯾ
ژﺮﻧا و ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي
اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ )
Deff
( ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا ﻓﯿ
1ﮏ اﺮﺑ ي
وﺮﮐ مﺎﺴﺟا ي
حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ) 1 ( ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ دﻮﺷ :
) 1 (
2
2
2exp
6
l t D M
M M
MR M eff
e o
e
t
ا رد ﯾ ،ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧMR
) ﺪـﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ (
، Deff
ﺮـﺿ ﯾ ﺐ
ذﻮﻔﻧ ) m/s2 ( ، ) (t نﺎﻣز ) ﻧﺎﺛ ﯿﻪ (،
Mt
ﻪـﻈﺤﻟ ﺮﻫ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،t
Me
ﻟدﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ
، Mo
ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ـﯿ
ﮐ ترﻮـﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ ﻪ ﯿ
ﺮـﺑ مﺮﮔﻮـﻠ
ﮐﯿ ﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ هدﺎﻣ مﺮﮔﻮﻠ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ .ﻫ ـﻨﭽﻤ ﯿ ﻦ ﻪـﮔﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿl
ﺳ ﯿ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ رد ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ هرود لﻮﻃ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﺐ
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . رﺎﮕﻟ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻓﺮـﻃ زا ﻢﺘ ﯿ
ﻪـﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ )
1 ( ـﻣ ﯽ ﻪـﺑ ار ﻪـﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ناﻮـﺗ
ﻄﺧ ترﻮﺻ ﯽ
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻖﺒﻃ 2
ﺖﺷﻮﻧ :
) 2 ( ) (
6) ln(
) ln(
)
ln( 2 2 2
l t MR D
M M
M
M eff
e o
e
t
رﺎﮕﻟ ﻢﺳر ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻢﺘ ) ln(MR زا هداد ﺎﻫ ي ﻞـﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد ﻪﺑ
ﺮﺿ ،نﺎﻣز ﯾ واز ﺐ ﯾ ﺷ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺧ ﻪ ﯿ
1 ﺐ ﺮﺿ ﺲﭙﺳ و ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑk ﯾ
ﺐ
ذﻮﻔﻧ ) Deff
( دﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﻃﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯾ
ﺪ . وﺎﺴﻣ زا ي ـﺷ نداد راﺮـﻗ ﯿ
ﺐ
ﺮﺿ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺧ ﯾ
ﺐ ﻪﻄﺑار رد t )
1 ( ﺮﺿ ، ﯾ ﻪـﻄﺑار زا ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ذﻮـﻔﻧ ﺐ )
3 (
ﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ .
)
3
2 (
0 2
1 l
k Deff
ﻌﺑﺎﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﺮﺿ ﺖ ﯾ اﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ژﺮﻧا ﻦ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺗ ﺮﻫ ﯿ زا رﺎﻤ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ هﺪﺷ حﻼﺻا ﻞﮑﺷ رآ
ﯾﻨﯿ سﻮ ) 4 (
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا 15]
و 16 .[ ا رد ﯾ زا ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ ﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا
ﯿ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﮓﻨﻫآ ﻦ
ﺘﻨﺳ ﯿ ﺟوﺮﺧ ناﻮﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ و نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏ ﯽ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ نزو ﻪﺑ ﻮ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ .
) 4 ( . )
exp(_
0 p
m D Ea
D
نآ رد ﻪﮐ ) (D ﭘ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا ﻪﮐ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯿ
ﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﭻ ﯽ
آﯾ ﺪ
و Do
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺎﻣد رد ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ) m/s2 ( ، Ea
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎـﺳ ي
) (w/g ، ـــﺟوﺮﺧ ناﻮـــﺗ p ﯽ
ﺎـــﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ و ﻮ ﻪـــﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو m ﺎـــﻫ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ 17] .[
اﺮﺑ ي ژﺮﻧا ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻧرآ لﺪﻣ زا نوآ رد ﯿ
ﻖﺒﻃ سﻮ
ﻪﻄﺑار ) 5 ( هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷ .
) 5 ( )
0exp(
T R D Ea
D
g
eff
نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺎﻣد T
ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻞﺧاد ﻮﻠﮐ ﺐﺴﺣ ﺮﺑ ﻦﮐ
ﯾ
،ﻦ Rg
ﻧﺎﻬﺟ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯽ
ﺎﻫزﺎﮔ ) kj/mol 314 8. ( و D0
ﺎﻣد ي راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ءﺎﻨﺒﻣ
ﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نآ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺑ رﺎﮕﻟ ﺎ ﯾ ﻢﺘ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي ﻪﻄﺑار زا )
5 ( ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ )
6 (
ﻣ ﺖﺳد ﯽ ﯾﺑﺎ ﯿ ﻢ:
) 6 T (
R D E D
g a
effln 0
ln
رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﺳر ﺎﺑ lnDeff
ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ رد T
ﻄﺧ 1 ﯽ ﺷ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ﺐ K2
ﺖﺳﺪﺑ
ﻣ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ . ژﺮﻧا اﺬﻟ ي ﻌﻓ لﺎ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻄﺑار زا ) 7 ( ﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ 18] .[
) 7 (
g a
R K2 E
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
3 - 1 - ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ )
Deff
( ناﻮﺗ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﻤﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯿ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ ﯾ ﮏ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا
ي ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ )
4 ( ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ .
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮﺿ تاﺮ ﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯿ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻮ ﺎﻫ ي
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻮﻫﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﻞﮑﺷ رﺪ )
1 ( ﻣ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽ
دﻮﺷ .
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ شﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ ﺐ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي هﺪﺷ
آﺮﻓ رد ﯾ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﯾ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ﻣ ﯿ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ناﻮﺗ رد ﻮ ﺎﻫ
ي
90W ﺎﺗ 360
7 زا 10-
× 11 /3
7 ﺎﺗ 10 -
× 24 /7 لدﺎﻌﻣ 130 ﺪﺻرد
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺶ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻦ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ،
ﺮﺿ ﯾ زا ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
7
10-
× 94 /2
7 ﺎﺗ 10-
× 21 /8 ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮐ ﺮ . دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾﺮ Deff
اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي اﺰﻓ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و هﺪﺷ ﯾ
هﺪﻨ ا ي ﺎﺑ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯿ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﻮ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ
رد ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ي 90W و 180 اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻟ دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯿ
ناﻮﺗ رد ﻦﮑ 360W
نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺑ ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯿ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ خﺮﻧ ،ﻮ ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺮﺿ ﻊﺒﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﻧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯿﺰ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﻣ ﺶ ﯽ ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ ا ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻦ ﯾ رد ﺞ
ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻮ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي و سﻮﮐوا
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 1992 ( دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
Fig 1 Changes in effective moisture diffusivity with microwave power in one-stage drying ( for blanched samples and for unblanched samples)
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺞ ﯾ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﯾ ﺮﻀ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ Deff
اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻮﻫﺪﺷ
ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ شور رد ﯿ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ﻮ ا
ي ناﻮﺗ رد ﺎﻫ ي
ﻌﺗ ﯿ ﻦ ﻞﮑﺷ رد هﺪﺷ )
2 ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
ﺎﻤﺗ ﯾ اﺰﻓا رد ﻞ ﯾ ﺶ
Deff
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﮏ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي ﻣ و ﺖﺳا ﯿ
ا ناﺰ ﯾ ﻐﺗ ﻦ ﯿﯿ زا تاﺮ 89 /3 ﺎﺗ 26 /8 ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا
لدﺎﻌﻣ 110 اﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺶ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . اﯾ ﻣ ﻦ ﯿ رد ناﺰ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي زا 20 /5 ﺎﺗ 70 /9 لدﺎﻌﻣ 85 ﺪﺻرد
اﺰﻓا ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺶ ﯾ ﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯿ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻣ ﻮ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
ﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯾ ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺴ ي
360W ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ا
ي
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯾ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي اﺰﻓا ، ﯾ ﺶ 20 ﺪﺻرد ي ﺮﺿ رد ﯾ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﯾ
ﺪ . اﯾ ﺑ ﻦ ﯿ نﺎ ﺮﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺘﻬﺑ جوﺮﺧ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ا
ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞ ﯾ
ﻟﻮﺘﻣ ﺞ ﯽ و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ
) 2010 ( ژارﺎﮐ ، ﯾ ﻟد و نﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ) 2016 ( ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ
19] و 20 .[
Fig 2 Changes in effective moisture diffusivity with microwave power in two-stage drying drying (
for blanched samples and for unblanched samples)
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ )
Deff
( ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ي نوآ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯾ
ﮏ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود و ا
ي ﻪﻄﺑار زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ )
4 ( هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳا . ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺿ تاﺮ ﺮﯾ ﺎﻣد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
رد ار نوآ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
3 ( ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺶ
ﺪﺷ هداد .
Fig 3 Changes in effective moisture diffusivity with oven temperatures in one-stage drying drying (
for blanched samples and
for unblanched samples)
آﺮﻓ رد ﯾ شﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳ ﯿ ﺰﻧآ ﺐ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي نوآ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﮏ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ،
ﯾ زا ﺎﻣد ﺶ 50℃
ﺎﺗ 60 ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺳﻮﺴﺤﻣ ﺮ ﯽ
رد
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺸﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ دﺮﮕﻧ هﺪﻫﺎ
ﯾ ﺪ . اﺰﻓا ﯾ زا ﺎﻣد ﺶ 50℃
ﻪﺑ 70 دﺎﻘﻣ ، ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
7
10-
× 18 /3
7ﺎﺗ
-
10
× 53 /4 ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ا ﻪﮐ دﺮﮐ ﺮ ﯾ
اﺰﻓا لدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺶ 42 ﺪﺻرد ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ اﺮ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . لاﻮﻟواوﺎﮕﯿﺳﻮﻣ رد
لﺎﺳ 2005 ياﺮﺑ ﺢﯿﺿﻮﺗ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر گﺮﺑ
،ﻢﻠﮐ لﺪﻣ ﺶﺨﭘ درﻮﻣ اﺮﮑﯿﻓ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
راﺮﻗ ﺪﻧداد .
،ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺸﻧ داﺪﻧ راﺪﻘﻣ ﺐﯾﺮﺿ ﺶﺨﭘ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ رد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ
رد يﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﻦﯿﺑ 30℃ ﺎﺗ 60 و اﻮﻫ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ي
ﮏﯾ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺮﺑ ،ﻪﯿﻧﺎﺛ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ 5/
2 ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ي ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ ار .
ﻪﮐ نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﻨﻫد ي ﺮﺛا يﺎﻣد
ﮏﺸﺧ ياﻮﻫ
،ﻦﮐ يور هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ي ﺶﺨﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ دﺎﻘﻣ. ﯾ ﺮ Deff
اﺮﺑ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻣد ﺶ ﺎ ي اﺰﻓا نوآ ﯾ ﺶ
ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺰﻧآ ﺮﺛا ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد اﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻦﮐ
ي ﺛﺄﺗ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺴﺑ ﺮ ﯿ ﮐﺪﻧا رﺎ ﯽ
ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﯾ دراد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﻮﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ .
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺮ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رﺪﺘﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ اﯾ
نوآ ﺎﺒ
ﺎﻫﺎﻣد رد ي 60℃ - 50 ، 70 - 50 ، 70 - 60 ﻞﮑﺷ رد ) 4 ( دﺮﮔ ﻪﺋارا ﯾﺪ .
ﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﯾ
ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
7
10-
× 41 /3 ﺎﺗ
7 -
10
× 47 /3 اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي و هﺪﺷ
7
10-
× 47 /3
7 ﺎﺗ 10-
× 72 /3
اﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ دﺮﮐ ﺮ .ﻣﯿ ﺒﺴﻧ ناﺰ ﯽ ا ﯾ ﻐﺗ ﻦ ﯿﯿ تاﺮ
ﺑﯿ ﻦ 2 ﺎﺗ 7 ﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ا
ي نوآ ﺎﺑ
اﻮﻫ ي ﻐﺗ مﺮﮔ ﯿﯿ ﮐﺪﻧا تاﺮ ﯽ ﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯿﯿ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد رد ﺮ
ﮔ دﺮ ﯾ ا ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ ﻦ ا هﺪﻨﻫد ﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﻦ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺶ ﯿ
ﻤﻬﻣ ﺮ ﯽ ﺮﺿ ﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
دراﺪﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر 21]
.[ ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﺑ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﺞ ﯾ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﺒﻃﺎﺒﻃ ﯾ ﯽ و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2014 ( نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و حﻼﻓرﻮﭘ ، )
2012 ( ﺮﻫﺎﻃ ، ي و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2011 ( ﻄﻣ ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎ .
Fig 4 Changes in effective moisture diffusivity with oven temperatures in two-stage drying( for blanched samples and for unblanched samples)
3 - 2 - ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﻘﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
ژﺮﻧا ﻪﺴ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﺗ رد ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺎﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا
ي ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
5 ( هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ
ﺖﺳا .
Fig 5 Changes in activation energy (Ea) with microwave power in one-stage drying
( for blanched samples and for unblanched samples)
هداد ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯽ
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻫد ﯾ
ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
ﮑ ووﺮ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ﻮ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﻣ رد ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ زا ﻮ 98W / 14 ﺎﺗ 13 / 14 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي زا و هﺪﺷ 15W
ﺎﺗ 14 ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻨﻌﻣ ﻦ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯾ
ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ،ﻮ ي
ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ﻪﻗرو زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳ ﯿ ﻫﺎﮐ ﺐ ﺶ
ﯾ ا و ﺖﻓﺎ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا مﻮﻬﻔﻣ نﺎﻤﻫ ﻦ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺖﺳا . تﺎﺷراﺰﮔ ﻖﺒﻃ
ژارﺎﮐ ﯾ ﻟد و نﺎ ﯿﺮ ي ) 2016 ( ردﺎﻗ ، ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2012 ( و هوﺎﮐ ،
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2019 ( 22] اﺰﻓا[ ﯾ ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺟﻮﻣ ﻮ
ژﺮﻧا ي زﺎﺴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ي ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
دراد . ژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﺗ رد ﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ﻮ ا
ي ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
6 ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ .
راﺪﻘﻣ
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي زا 2/
15 ﺎﺗ 5/
14 ﺰﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي و هﺪﺷ
7/W 15 ﺎﺗ 4/
14 ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ 90
ﺲﭙﺳ و 360W
ﺪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ رد نو
ﺰﻧآ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ، ﺮﺗ ﯾ اﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ ﻦ ي
ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺎﭘ نآ رد ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾﯿ
ژﺮﻧا ندﻮﺑ ﻦ ي
ﻟوا ﯿ ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪ
ﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﯿ ژﺮﻧا ﻦ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﭘ ﯾﯿ ﺰﻣ زا ﻦ ﯾ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ي آﺮﻓ ﻢﻬﻣ ﯾ ﻣ ﺪﻨ ﯽ -
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
Fig 6 Changes in activation energy (Ea) with microwave power in two-stage drying ( for blanched samples and for unblanched samples)
ﻞﮑﺷ ) 7 ( ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺎﻘﻣ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
ژﺮﻧا ﻪﺴ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻨﻧدﺮﮐ ﺎﻫ ي ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ و هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﯾ
ﮏ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ا ي ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار نوآ رد ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . ژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي زا
4/
124 ﺎﺗ 4/
121 ﮐﯿ ﺰﻧآ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي و هﺪﺷ 125
ﺎﺗ 3/
122 ﮐﯿ ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ دﻮﻤﻧ ﺮ .
هداد ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﯽ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد اﺰﻓا ﯾ اﻮﻫ تراﺮﺣ ﻪﺟرد ﺶ ي
ﻣ مﺮﮔ ﯿ ناﺰ
ژﺮﻧا ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﻣﯿ ژﺮﻧا ناﺰ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ هﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﯽ ا و ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻦ
ﺎﻣد رد ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ي
60℃ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار فﻼﺘﺧا ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد . اﯾ ﻦ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﯿ نﺎ ا ﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦ ﺰﻧآ
ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻣﯿ ژﺮﻧا ناﺰ ي ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ اﺮﺑ زﺎ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ددﺮﮔ ﺮ .
Fig 7 Changes in activation energy (Ea) with oven temperatures in one-stage drying( for blanched
samples and for unblanched samples) ژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ
ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي زا 5/
127 ﺎﺗ 7/
125 ﮐ ﯿ رد لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي و هﺪﺷ 1/
127 ﺎﺗ 9/
125 ﮐ ﯿ رد لﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ لوژﻮﻠ
ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻓا ﺎﺑ اﺰ ﯾ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ رد ناﻮﺗ ﺶ
ژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻟ ﺪ ﯿ ا ﻦﮑ ﯾ ﻐﺗ ﻦ ﯿﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ و ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﻧاﺪﻨﭼ فﻼﺘﺧا ًﺎﺒ ﯽ
نﺎﺸﻧ ار
ﻤﻧ ﯽ ﺪﻫد . سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ ﯾ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ي ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ي نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2008 ( سﺎﺒﻋ ،
ﻟﻮﺘﻣ و هداز ﯽ
) 2010 ( اﺰﻓا ، ﯾ ﺎﻣد ﺶ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﮐ اﻮﻫ ﻦ ي ﺐﺟﻮﻣ غاد
ژﺮﻧا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
دراد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻞﮑﺷ ) 8 ( ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﺎﻘﻣ
ﯾ ژﺮﻧا ﻪﺴ ي لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ا
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار نوآ رد ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺪﻫد .
Fig 8 Changes of activation energy (Ea) with oven temperatures in two-stage drying ( for blanched
samples and for unblanched samples)
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﮔ ﻪﺠ ﯿﺮ ي
ﺎﻣد ي اﻮﻫ ي ﺎﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻮﻏاد ﯾ
ﺮﮑ وو ﯾ ﺛﺄﺗ و ﻢﻬﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻮ ﯿ
رد راﺬﮔﺮ
ﻣﯿ ﺮﺿ ناﺰ ﯾ ژﺮﻧا و ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ . ا رد ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﻦ
ﻣﯿ اﺰﻓا نﺎ ﯾ اﺮﺑ ناﻮﺗ و ﺎﻣد ﺶ ي
ﺮﺿ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺪﻧور ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯾ
ﺸ ﯽ
ناﻮﺗ رد و ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاد 360W
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ندﺮﮐ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ا
ي
ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ ا ي اﺰﻓا ، ﯾ ﺶ 20 ﺮﺿ رد ﺪﺻرد ﯾ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﺮ
ﯾﺪ . ﺰﻧآ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﺗ مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﯿ
ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺎﻣ ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ نوآ و ﻮ ﯾ
ﺮﺿ ﺶ ﯾ دﺮﮔ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯾ
ﺪ . ژﺮﻧا ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺸﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻧور ناﻮﺗ و ﺎﻣد ﺶ ﯽ
ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯾ ﻦ
ژﺮﻧا راﺪﻘﻣ ي
لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﺳ ي ﺎﻣ رد ﯾ ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻮ ﯾ ناﻮﺗ رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ
360W ﺰﻧآ نوﺪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯾ
ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود رد و
360W - 90 دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾ
نوآ رد ،ﺪ ﯾ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﮏ اﯾ
ﺮﺘﻤﮑ ﯾ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ
ﺎﻣد رد 70℃ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود رد و 50
- 70 ﻬﺑ ﯿ ﺮﺗ ﻪﻨ ﯾ ﺮﻈﻧ رد ﺎﺑ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦ
ﺰﻧآ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﯾ ﻢ ﺮﺑ ي ژﺮﻧا و ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ي
ﻓﺮﺼﻣ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﻬﻧ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ًﺎﺘ
ﺎﻣ و نوآ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ ﯾ
ووﺮﮑ ﯾ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ود ترﻮﺼﺑ ﻮ ا
ي ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جوﺮﺧ ،
ژﺮﻧا و ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ي
ﻧ درﻮﻣ ﯿ زﺎ اﺮﺑ ي ﺨﺒﺗ عوﺮﺷ ﯿ
ﻪﻗرو زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮ ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺳ ﯿ ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐ ﯽ
ﯾ ﺪﺑﺎ .
5 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Changes in Effective Moisture Diffusivity and Activation Energy During the Drying of Apple Fruit (Yellow Delicious) with Microwave and Oven
Hashemi, S. j. 1*, Ranjbar Nedamani, A. 2, Abdi, N. 3
1. Associate Prof. of Biosystem Engineering Dept. in the Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
2. Assistant Prof. of Biosystem Engineering Dept. in the Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
3. Food Industry Department, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2022/ 06/ 01 Accepted 2022/ 07/ 24
Keywords:
Activation energy,
Effective moisture diffusivity, Microwave,
Apple drying In this study,the effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy of
apples with %84 w.b moisture during one- and two-stage drying were investigated. The blanching was done at 5 minutes in 1% ascorbic acid to browning inhibition. The un-blanched samples were controlled.
Drying ran with four methods. Two methods consist of oven drying through one stage at 50, 60, and 70 ℃, two-stage at (50-60, 50-70, 60- 70 ℃), and microwave drying with one stage (90, 180, and 360 W) and two-stage in (90-180, 90-360, 180-360 W) treatments. the equilibrium moisture was 20%. In two-stage drying, when the moisture of samples reached %50 on initial moisture, the temperature or power changed to next. The effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy were calculated as results. Results show when the microwave power increases, the drying rate and thus the effective moisture diffusivity increase. The moisture removal is better in two-stage drying. The blanching has a lower effect on effective moisture diffusivity inhot air drying. The temperature had no significant effect on effective moisture diffusivity during two-stage drying. During drying with microwave, increasing power reduced the needed energy for removing the moisture from the apple surface which shows the activation energy. Without considering the blanching process in two-stage dried samples, the best power of microwave was 90 W and then 360 W. in this power, the low initial energy for drying and low activation energy are the important benefits of drying. Blanching can reduce the amount of needed energy for starting the evaporation of water. In two-stage drying, increasing the power leads to decreasing the activation energy, without considering the blanching process. Finally, drying of samples with oven and microwave in two stages caused better emission of moisture and reduction of the required energy for starting moisture evaporation in apple sheets.
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.127.281 DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.127.27.0
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir
Scientific Research
