ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ و
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﺑ
ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ﺖﯿﻤﮐ
يراﺮﺣا ﻪﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،
1ﺎﺷ يد نﺎﯾرﻮﻠﺑ
2
ﻠﮔ ﯽﻠﻌﻣﻼﻏ ،
*ﯽ ﺪﺣﻮﻣ
31 - ﺶﻧاد ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣآ دﺎﻬﺟ ﯽﻟﺎﻋ شزﻮﻣآ ﻪﺴﺳﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺪﺷرا ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ناﺮﯾا ،ﺮﻤﺷﺎﮐ ،ﺮﻤﺷﺎﮐ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد
.
2 - ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ هوﺮﮔ ﯽﻧدوﺰﻓا
يﺎﻫ ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،يﻮﺿر نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد دﺎﻬﺟ ،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ .
3 - هوﺮﮔ ﻰﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يرواﺮﻓ داﻮﻣ
،ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هﺪﮑﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻮﻠﻋ
م و ىروﺎﻨﻓ داﻮﻣ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ دﺎﻬﺟ ﻰﻫﺎﮕﺸﻧاد نﺎﺳاﺮﺧ
ناﺮﯾا ،ﺪﻬﺸﻣ ،ىﻮﺿر .
تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺎﻫ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ رد ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 26 / 11 / 1400
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺦ ﺬﭘ ﯾ شﺮ : 27 / 09 / 1401
تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﻠﮐ ﯿ ﺪ ي :
ﯽﻨﻏ
،يزﺎﺳ
،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،نﺎﻧ
ﮓﻧر .
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.132.161 DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.132.12.5
لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ : [email protected]
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ نﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
يژﺮﻧا ﯽﻟﺎﻋ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ و
دراد نﺎﻬﺟ مدﺮﻣ ﻪﯾﺬﻐﺗ رد ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ ﺶﻘﻧ .
ﯽﻨﻏ نﺎﻧ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ هار زا ﯽﮑﯾ هﺪﺷ
رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ مدﺮﻣ زﺎﯿﻧدرﻮﻣ يﺬﻐﻣ داﻮﻣ زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا فﺪﻫ
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ،
دﻮﺑ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ و .
ﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ ر
ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ هﺪﺷ سﺮﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ و
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ناﺰﯿﻣ 2
، 6 و 10 و ﺪﺻرد
10،5 و 15 ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ رد درآ نزو ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
هدﺎﻣآ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يزﺎﺳ
،ﺎﻫ
نﻮﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا و صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ،ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﮓﻧر يﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ . ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ و
رد نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ نﺎﻧ
ﺖﮔﺎﺑ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ناﺰﯿﻣ
،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻢﺠﺣ و صﻮﺼﺨﻣ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ
ﺪﺷ ﯽﻠﮐ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ a*
،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﺮﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ b*
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ دﻮﺑ . يوﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
6 و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد 10
ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ناﻮﻨﻋ
يﺎﻫ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﻔﯿﮐ .
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﺎﻨﺻ ﯾ ﻊ اﺬﻏ ﯽﯾ اﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:
ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖ ﯾ ﺎﺳ
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ
ﻤﻠﻋ
ﯽ
ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
_ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
نﺎﻧ ﻢﻬﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ﺎﯿﻧد ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دﻮﺷ بﻮﺒﺤﻣ
ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ناﺮﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﯽﻣ فﺮﺼﻣ دﻮﺷ
] 1 .[
ﯽﺘﻓﺎﯾرد ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ و يژﺮﻧا زا ﯽﻤﯿﻧ زا ﺶﯿﺑ
نﺎﻧ فﺮﺼﻣ ﻖﯾﺮﻃ زا نﺎﺴﻧا ﻦﯿﻣﺄﺗ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ . ﺟﻮﻣ رﺎﻣآ ﻖﺒﻃ دﻮ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧﺎﯿﻟﺎﺳ 30
لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ
ترﻮﺻ زا تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ
ﯽﻣ جرﺎﺧ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﺪﺒﺳ ﻦﯾا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
لدﺎﻌﻣ راﺪﻘﻣ 2
مﺪﻨﮔ ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﯾا 3
ﺗ ﺎ 5 دراو مﺪﻨﮔ ﻦﺗ نﻮﯿﻠﯿﻣ
ﯽﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺶﺨﺑ ﻦﯾا رد تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺖﻘﯿﻘﺣ رد ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ
ﺖﺳا ] 2 و 3 .[
ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﻠﻣاﻮﻋ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ دﺎﺠﯾا رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽ
ﺎﻔﯾا ار ﯽﻤﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ نﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻨﮐ . ،ﻢﻌﻃ ،ﺮﻫﺎﻇ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ
و نﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و هﺰﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نآ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ فﺮﺼﻣ
هﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﺖﺳا . ﻪﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﺮﮕﯾد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ
نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﯽﻣ نﺪﺷ تﺎﯿﺑ ار ﺪﻨﻣﺎﻧ
] 2 و 4 .[
هزوﺮﻣا
شور ﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ حﺮﻄﻣ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ ي .
ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا
شور ﻦﯾا ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫ ﻎﻤﺻ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ رد يﺮﺒﯿﻓ داﻮﻣ و ﺎﻫ
نﺎﻧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻈﻨﻣ هرﺎﺷا نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
دﻮﻤﻧ ] 5 و 6 .[
زا ﯽﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ عاﻮﻧا ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽﻣﻮﻤﻋ هژاو ﮏﯾ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ
تارﺪﯿﻫﻮﺑﺮﮐ يﺎﻫ
ﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ يا ﻦﯿﻨﮕﯿﻟ و ر
رد ا ﯽﻣﺮﺑ دﺮﯿﮔ ] 7 [ .
ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﻧراد ﯽﺘﻣﻼﺳ ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ يﺪﯿﻔﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﯽﻤﯾژر يﺎﻫﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﻏور بﺬﺟ ،بآ بﺬﺟ ﺮﯿﻈﻧ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ يﺎﻫ
هدﺮﺘﺴﮔ دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد ،ﻪﺘﯾزﻮﮑﺴﯾو ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و يا
ﺪﻧراد ] 8 ، 9 ، 10 و 11 .[
و ناواﺮـﻓ ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ زا ﯽـﮑﯾ نازرا
ﺖﻤﯿﻗ ،ﺮﺒﯿﻓ
تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ يروآﺮﻓ تﺎﺠﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ يزروﺎﺸﮐ مﺎﺧ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﺖﺳا .
ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﻻﺎﺑ ﺮـﺒﯿﻓ يوﺎـﺣ تﺎـﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﯽﻣ
ناﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪـﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻪـﺑ
دﻮﻤﻧ هرﺎﺷا .
يﺎﻫﺮﺒﯿﻓ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﻦﯾا بآ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ
و هدﻮﺑ تﻼﻏ ﯽﻣ
ناﻮﺗ نآ زا ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ ﻊﯾﺎﻨﺻ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐﺮﭘ هدﺎﻣ
دﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﯿﻓ ﺪﯿﺳا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ رد ﮏﯿﺘ
ﯽﻤﻧ دﺎﺠﯾا ﻦﻫآ بﺬﺟ رد ﯽﻟﻼﺘﺧا نآ فﺮﺼﻣ و هدﻮﺑ كﺪﻧا ﺪﻨﮐ
] 7 ، 12 و 13 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑوﺬﺠﻣ )
1390 ( ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ
ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ
ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ و ماﻮﻗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ . يﺎﻫدرآ زا ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ رد نآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا اﺬﻟ
ﻒﯿﻌﺿ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﻻﺎﺑ ماﻮﻗ ﺎﺑ يﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﯾ و ﺪﻨﯾآ
ﺖﺳا ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ .
ﯽﻣ ار ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ نﺎﻧ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ رد ناﻮﺗ
ﯽﯾﺎﻫ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ
نآ ﺎﻫ ) ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ و يزﺎﺳ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ (
ﯽﻧﻻﻮﻃ
دﺮﺑ رﺎﮑﺑ ﺖﺳا .
ﯽﻣ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ نﺪﺷ ﺖﺴﺳ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻦﯾا اﺮﯾز ددﺮﮔ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ و ﺣ ار ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ماﻮﻗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﻨﮐ ﻆﻔ ] 14 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﯾﺪﻬﻣ )
1392 ( ﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ ندوﺰﻓا ﺮﺛا
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﺖﺴﺗ نﺎﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ
. ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
زا مﺪﻨﮔ درآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﯿﻓﺮﻇ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺮﯿﻈﻧ يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺖﺒﺜﻣ يﺎﻫ
ﮔزﺎﺗ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧرد و بآ نﺎﻧ ﯽ
) ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ رد ﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ (
،ﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،
ﻞﻤﻋ نﺎﻣز ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ،ﺖﺨﭘ نﺎﻣز ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺮﯿﻤﺧ يروآ
هدﺎﻣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ و دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ شزرا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ رﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺴﺗ نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧدوﺰﻓا ،رﻮﮐﺬﻣ ﯽﻣ ﺪﯾآ ] 15 .[
ﺎﯿﻧورﻮﺷ - ﭻﯾوﻮﻤﯿﺳ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
) 2021 ( تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﯽﻤﯾژر ﺮﺒﯿﻓ زا ﯽﻨﻏ ﯽﺒﻧﺎﺟ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا
ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ فﻼﻏ ردﻮﭘ و
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﺋر صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ ار بﻮﻧﺮﺧ زا ﯽﮐﺎﺣ ﺖﺳا نآ ندوﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ و SBF
رد CF
ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ 55
و 75 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ
ﺮﺛا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﯽﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ و CF
ﺎﺗ ار ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺖﻣوﺎﻘﻣ SBF 100
ا ﺪﺻرد داد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓ
] 16 .[
ﯽﮑﯾ زا ﺮﮕﯾد شور
يﺎﻫ و ﯽﺴﺣ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ياﺮﺑ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
يدﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ نﺎﻧ
ﺎﻫ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ، ﮏﯿﻨﮑﺗ
يﺎﻫ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﯿﺑ يروآﺮﻓ
ﺖﺳا شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ .
و ﺎﻫﺮﻤﺨﻣ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫ ﮏﯿﺘﮐﻻﺪﯿﺳا
بوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يﺎﻫ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ،ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﯽﻃ رد ﻪﮐ هداد ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ ار
داﻮﻣ و ﯽﻟآ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا عاﻮﻧا ﻢﻌﻃ
ﻨﻫد هﺪ ﯽﺻﺎﺧ ﻞﮑﻟا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺠﯾا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ار ﺎﻫﺮﺘﺳا و ﺎﻫﺪﯿﻫﺪﻟآ عﻮﺒﻄﻣ يﺎﻣورآ و ﻢﻌﻃ دﺎ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﻧ رد دﻮﺷ
] 17 .[
ﯽﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ
ﺪﻨﮐ حﻼﺻا ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﺪﻨﭼ زا ار تﻼﻏ :
ﯽﻣ ﺒﻬﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ دﻮ
شﻮﺧ ﻢﻌﻃ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ تﻼﻏ نﺪﺷ ،
ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ ﺎﯾ ﺮﺒﯿﻓ زا ﯽﻨﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﺗﻮﻠﮔ نوﺪﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﯾ ﺖﯿﺒﺜﺗ ،ﻦ
ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ندﻮﺑ سﺮﺘﺳد رد ﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ،ﯽﺘﺴﯾز )
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﺑ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ
ﻼﮔ ﯾ ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﮏﯿﻤﺴ (
ار ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﯽﻤﻫاﺮﻓ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و دﻮﺷ
ﺪﺸﺨﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ]
18 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺖﻧرآ ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦﯿﻤﻫ رد )
2007 ( ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﻦﺗﻮﻠﮔ نوﺪﺑ نﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ .
ﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄ
ﻪﺋارا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا رد هﺪﺷ داﻮﻣ ﯽﺘﺴﯾز ﯽﻤﻫاﺮﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ،نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ تﺎﺘﯿﻓ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯽﻧﺪﻌﻣ ]
19 .[
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﮐوزﺎﭘ
) 1398 ( ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
هﺪﺷ درآ زا
ﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﺑ مﺮﻧ و ﺖﺨﺳ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ و ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ
ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
درآ زا يﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫ يﻮﻗ
ﺮﺗ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر زا
يﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ و ﯽﺘﻔﺳ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻞﺨﻠﺨﺗ ،ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ ]
20 .[
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ زﺎﯿﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﮥﻨﯿﻣزرد
ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ ندﺮﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ و تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﺠﻧا زا فﺪﻫ ،ﯽﯾاﻮﻧﺎﻧ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻣز و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا مﺎ
ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ و
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ صاﻮﺧ ﺮﺑ
ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ ،ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ و
ﯽﺴﺣ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - و داﻮﻣ شور
ﺎﻫ
2 - 1 - داﻮﻣ
ﯽﻓﺮﺼﻣ داﻮﻣ زﺎﯿﻧدرﻮﻣ
ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ زﺎﺘﻤﻣ هرﺎﺘﺳ درآ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
جاﺮﺨﺘﺳا ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ 83
ﺪﺻرد و ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷ
) 8/
12 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺮﺘﺴﮐﺎﺧ ، )
676 /0 ﺪﺻرد ( بﻮﻃﺮﻣ ﻦﺗﻮﻠﮔ و )
7/
25
ﺪﺻرد ( ﻊﯾﺎﻣ ﻦﻏور ،يﻮﺿر سﺪﻗ درآ صﺎﺧ ﯽﻣﺎﻬﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا
،رﻮﺑﺎﺸﯿﻧ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ ﺮﮑﺷ ،ندﻻ ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﺮﺗ ﻪﯾﺎﻣﺮﯿﻤﺧ
،يﻮﺿر دﻮﺒﻬﺑ هﺪﻨﻫد ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ،ﺮﺤﺳ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ زا ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ زا
ﺪﻨﻗ ﺖﺑﺮﺗ ﻪﯾرﺪﯿﺣ و ﮏﻤﻧ ، شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﯾﺮﺧ ﯽﻠﺤﻣ رازﺎﺑ زا يراﺪ
ﺪﺷ .
2 - 2 - شور ﺎﻫ
2 - 2 - 1 - هدﺎﻣآ يزﺎﺳ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ
يﺎﻣد رد و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﺪﻨﻗ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﮐ زا ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ هﺪﺷ سﺮﭘ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ 60
ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد .
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ و بﺎﯿﺳآ ،
ﺶﻣ ﺎﺑ ﮏﻟا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ 60
ﻪﺴﯿﮐ رد ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ردﻮﭘ و لﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا يﺎﻫ
ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ يﺎﻣد رد ﺲﭙﺳ و 25
ﻄﯿﺤﻣ رد داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯽ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و رﻮﻧ نوﺪﺑ ]
21 .[
2 - 2 - 2 - ﻪﯿﻬﺗ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ياﺮﺑ ﻦﯾا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 100 ،درآ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ 50
،بآ ﺖﻤﺴﻗ 3
،ﮏﻤﻧ ﺪﺻرد
2 ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ نﺎﻣز و ﺮﻤﺨﻣ ﺪﺻرد )
240 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ( هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣ راﺮﻗ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾا زا ،ﺖﻓﺮﮔ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
5 ، 10 و 15 رد ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد
ﺪﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا ﺮﺴﮑﯿﻣ ]
22 .[
2 - 2 - 3 - ﻪﯿﻬﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يﺎﻫ نﺎﻧ
ﻪﺑرﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ
، ﯽﻠﺻا ياﺰﺟا ﺖﺒﺴﻧ :
ﻞﻣﺎﺷ درآ زﺎﺘﻤﻣ هرﺎﺘﺳ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ 100 ﺪﺻرد بآ ، ) ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ فاﺮﮔﻮﻨﯾرﺎﻓ بآ بﺬﺟ ﻪﺑ (
،
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﻤﺨﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ
) 5/
1 ﺪﺻرد ( ، هﺪﻨﻫددﻮﺒﻬﺑ )
25 /0 ﺪﺻرد ( ،
ﮏﻤﻧ ) 4/
1 ﺪﺻرد ( ﺮﮑﺷ ، ) 1 ﺪﺻرد ( ، ﻦﻏور ) 5/
0 ﺪﺻرد ( ، ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ
ﺮﯿﻤﺧ و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺮﺗ
ش رد تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺴﮑﯿﻣ نﺰﺨﻣ 2
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد نوﺪﺑ
بآ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﺪﺷ . نآ ﻪﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ دوﺪﺣ
5/
1 ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا بآ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ و
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻢﮐ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ 4
- 3 دﺪﺠﻣ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ
ﺖﻋ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ 3 ،ﺪﺷ هدﺰﻤﻫ ﺮﮕﯾد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 4 رد ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻦﮐ ﻊﯾﺮﺳ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪﺷ هدﺰﻤﻫ
. زا ﺲﭘ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ نﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ
آ ﺎﺑ هدﺎﻣ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ و ب ﻞﮑﺷ
ﺮﯾﺬﭘ ، ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 7 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد
ﺪﺷ هداد ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا .
ﻪﮑﺗ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺮﺑ و ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ دﺮﮔ و دﺮﺧ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ يﺎﻫ
،سﺎﺳا ﻦﯾا تﺪﻣ
نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﻣ ﺖﺣاﺮﺘﺳا 5
ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺷ هداد . نﺪﺷ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ
درﻮﻧ ﻦﯿﺷﺎﻣ دراو ، مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ1
رد و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ يﺎﻣد
37 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺎﺑ
ﯽﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر 80
% تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 45 ﺪﻧﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﻘﯿﻗد .
ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧرد
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ 15 ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺎﺑ ﺮﻓ رد يﺎﻣد 220 راﺮﻗ داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ ،نﺪﺷ دﺮﺳ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﺴﯿﮐ رد نﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
يﺎﻫ
ﯽﻠﭘ ﯽﻨﻠﯿﺗا ﻪﺘﺴﺑ يﺪﻨﺑ قﺎﺗا يﺎﻣد رد و )
25 داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد (
ﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ .
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
) 6،2 و
10 درآ نزو ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد (
ﺪﺻرد ، شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ )
10،5 و 15 ﺪﺻرد
درآ نزو ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ (
و نﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ )
،ﺮﻔﺻ 48 و 96 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ (
دﻮﺑ ] 23 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي درﻮﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
2 - 2 - 4 - 1 - ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ
2 - 2 - 4 - 1 - 1 ﺖﺑﻮﻃر نﻮﻣزآ
هزاﺪﻧا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر يﺮﯿﮔ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ ،
هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻪﺑ ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻠﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا 2705
،
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا ] 24 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - 1 - 2 - هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ نﺎﻧ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ
هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ يﺮﯿﮔ
شور زا نﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻖﺑﺎﻄﻣ نزرا ﻪﻧاد ﺎﺑ ﻢﺠﺣ ﯽﻨﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ AACC 2000
هرﺎﻤﺷ 10 - 72 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻞﺻاﻮﻓ رد رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ
،ﺮﻔﺻ 48 و 96 ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺮﻫ زا ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ،ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
دﺎﻌﺑا ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧ 2
× 2
× 2 ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ،ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ﻦﯾزﻮﺗ ﯽﻟﺎﺘﯿﺠﯾد يوزاﺮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ
1. Rolling machine
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ جرﺪﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا ﻢﺠﺣ ﺲﭙﺳ 250
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ نزرا ﻪﻧاد ﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﯿﻟ
ﺪﺷ ﻦﯾﺰﮕﯾﺎﺟ .
جرﺪﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺘﺳا نورد رد ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣ نﺎﻧ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ هﺎﮕﻧآ
ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﻬﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ و ﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ .
ﻧا رد ﻢﯿﺴﻘﺗ زا ﺎﻬﺘ ﻢﺠﺣ
ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ،نزو ﻪﺑ ]
25 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - 1 - 3 - هزاﺪﻧا ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ يﺮﯿﮔ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ هزاﺪﻧا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
يﺮﯿﮔ
ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ )
لﺪﻣ Lab Touch نﺎﺘﺴﻠﮕﻧا رﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ،
( رد
يﺎﻣد 25 هزاﺪﻧا داﺮﮔ ﯽﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺪﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ
] 26 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - 2 - ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ نﻮﻣزآ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ ياﺮﺑ ﺞﻨﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا ﺎﻫ
رﻮﺸﮐ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ 2
لﺪﻣ ﺎﮑﯾﺮﻣآ LLOYD
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﮏﯾ ،رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﺑ
دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺒﻌﮑﻣ cm3
3
× 3
× 3 رﺎﺑ ود هﺎﮕﺘﺳد بوﺮﭘ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ
بوﺮﭘ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ،ﺪﺷ هدﺮﺸﻓ 100
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ بوﺮﭘ ﺮﻄﻗ و ﻪﻘﯿﻗد ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣ 50
ﯽﻠﯿﻣ ﺖﺳا ﺮﺘﻣ . ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ شور ﻦﯾا رد ﯽﺘﺨﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ
) ﺮﺜﮐاﺪﺣ
ناﺪﻧد ﻦﯿﺑ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ندﺮﺸﻓ ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﺎﺗ بﺎﯿﺳآ يﺎﻫ
ﻦﯿﻌﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ لﻮﺼﺣ (
ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ ، )
ﯽﮕﺘﺳﻮﯿﭘ ﻪﺑ ﯽﮕﺘﺴﺑ و
دراد ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺨﺳ (
، ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
] 1 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - 3 - نﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﮓﻧر ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا :
نﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﮓﻧر ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑ
شزادﺮﭘ شور ﺗ
ﺮﯾﻮﺼ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا Image J ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ
و ﺪﺷ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ يﺎﻫ L*,a*,b*
هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ] 27 .[
2 - 2 - 4 - 4 ﯽﺴﺣ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ
نﺎﻧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ :
ﻞﻧﺎﭘ هوﺮﮔ ﮏﯾ زا ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﺮﺑ ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﯾا رد 5
هﺮﻔﻧ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
ﺖﻔﺻ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و ﻢﻌﻃ ،ﺮﻄﻋ ،ﺮﻫﺎﻇ يﺎﻫ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
راﺮﻗ
ﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺪ . ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ يﺎﻫ ،ﺮﻔﺻ نﺎﻣز ﻪﺳ رد نﺎﻧ يﺎﻫ
48 و
96 شور ﻪﺑ ﺖﺨﭘ ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺞﻨﭘ
ﻪﻄﻘﻧ يا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ]
28 .[
2 - 3 - ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗو يرﺎﻣآ
يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻦﮑﻨﺑ ﺲﮐﺎﺑ يرﺎﻣآ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ ﻦﯾا ﺪﺻرد ،ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ندوﺰﻓا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
و
نﺎﻣز يﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ
ﯽﯾﺎﯿﻤﯿﺷﻮﮑﯾﺰﯿﻓ ﮓﻧر ،ﯽﺠﻨﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ،
ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا .
ﻪﺑ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ هداد ﺰﯿﻟﺎﻧآ زا ﺎﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﻢﯿﺳﺮﺗ و ﺎﻫ
مﺮﻧ راﺰﻓا ﺐﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻣ
2. TPA (Texture Profile Analyzer)
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 16 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
Table 1 Independent variables (sugar beet pulp, sourdough and time) and levels used in the box-
bancon design
time sourdough
sugar beet pulp Row
0 10
2 1
96 10
2 2
48 5
2 3
48 5
10 4
0 10
10 5
0 5
6 6
96 10
10 7
48 15
2 8
96 15
6 9
48 15
10 10
96 5
6 11
48 10
6 12
48 10
6 13
48 10
6 14
0 15
6 15
3 - ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺚﺤﺑ و
3 - 1 - ﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮ
ﻢﻬﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ و ﻦﯾﺮﺗ
ﺖﯿﻤﻫاﺎﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ ،نﺎﻧ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﯽﻣ نآ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
. هزﺎﺗ ﺲﺣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ
و ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ رد ﺮﯿﺧﺄﺗ ،بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻫد سﺎﺴﺣا ﻦﺘﺷاد ،ندﻮﺑ تﺪﻣ
نﺎﻣز
نﺎﻧ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻪﺑ
رﻮﻃ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻢﯿﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﺖﺳا نآ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ناﺰﯿﻣ
] 29 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ يزﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ رد ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺣ و ﻢﻬﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ بآ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ . ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
و ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ هزاﺪﻧا
يﺮﯿﮔ
،هﺪﺷ زا ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر لﺪﻣ
ﻪﺟرد ود هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ) ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 1 :(
=
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر -17.47 + 6.28 Beet pulp + 4.57 sourdough
+ 0.2403 Time – 0.3958 Beet pulp*Beet pulp – 0.1678 sourdough*sourdough –
0.002667 Time*Time – 0.01257 Beet pulp*Time
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ )
-a 1 ( نﺎﺸﻧ ، هداد هﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﺮﯿﻤﺧ و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ شﺮﺗ
اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺪﺻرد
دﻮﻤﻧ ) 05 /0
<
(P .
،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺸﯿﺑ
ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺖﺳا . ﺎﺗ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
دوﺪﺣ 6 ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ ﺎﻣا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺲﭘ
نآزا
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ناﺰﯿﻣ .
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺑوﺬﺠﻣ )
1389 ( رد ،
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧداد شراﺰﮔ دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ رد بآ بﺬﺟ ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ بآ بﺬﺟ ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﻠ
ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺖﺷاد . ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ تﺎﺒﯿﮐﺮﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ
يﺪﯿﺋﻮﻠﮐورﺪﯿﻫ ﻪﻠﻤﺠﻨﻣ
ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽﻤﻫ و ﺰﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ بآ رد لﻮﻠﺤﻣﺎﻧ يﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ (
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
] 30 .[
ﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ نﺎﻧ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ رد داﻮﻣ ﻦﯾا دﻮﺟو ﺖﻠﻋ ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﺶﯾا
ﯽﻣ بآ بﺬﺟ ناﺰﯿﻣ ددﺮﮔ
. نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و يﺮﯾرﻮﺗ )
2014 ( ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ نﺎﻧ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺮﺑ ار شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ و ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ،يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ داد لﻮﻃ رد نﺎﻧ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯽﮑﯿﻧﺎﮑﻣ صاﻮﺧ نﺎﻣز
يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﺷ
] 31 .[
Fig 1Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on moisture (a)
3 - 2 - صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
و صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ
ﻪﺑ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ هزاﺪﻧا
يﺮﯿﮔ
،هﺪﺷ زا ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﺮﯾز
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ) ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 2 :(
= صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ
-2.117 + 0.764 Beet pulp + 0.457 sourdough + 0.02636 Time
- 0.0489 Beet pulp*Beet pulp – 0.01675 sourdough*sourdough
- 0.000271 Time*Time – 0.001682 Beet pulp*Time
صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺳ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
، ﯿﻤﺧ شﺮﺗﺮ
نﺎﻣز و ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يراد
) 05 /0
<
(p صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ،
ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد . نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ )
-a 2 ( ﺶﯾﺎﻤﻧ ، هداد هﺪﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﺎﺗ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا 9
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺻرد
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ
. ﻞﮑﺷ ) 2-b ( ، ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ ﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ يور ار ﻞﻘ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد . ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا رد ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ) ﺎﺗ 14 ﺪﺻرد .(
رادﻮﻤﻧ ﻦﯾا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا رد نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻣا ﺲﭘ نآزا صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻦﯾا ﺖﻠﻋ
ﯽﻣ ار هﺪﯾﺪﭘ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ
ﯾا ﻦ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫﺮﺒﯿﻓ ﻪﮐ دﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ دﻮﺟﻮﻣ
رد
ﺐﺒﺳ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻖﯿﻗر
نﺪﺷ ﻦﺗﻮﻠﮔ ﯽﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺎﻣا ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻟد ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺑ
بﺎﺒﺣ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ يﺎﻫ
اﻮﻫ رد ﻦﯿﺣ ﻞﮑﺷ يﺮﯿﮔ و ﺲﭘ نآزا رد ﯽﻃ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﻣﺮﻧ و ﻢﺠﺣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
] 32 [؛
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺎﻨﯿﺗﺎﮐ تﺎﺷراﺰﮔ ﺎﺑ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯾا )
2006 ( ﻢﻫ ﯽﻧاﻮﺧ ﺖﺷاد
] 33 [ . ندوﺰﻓا ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ نﺎﻧ ﻢﺠﺣ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷ ﺐﺒﺳ نﺎﻧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
Fig 2 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on specific volume (a) effect of process parameters on specific volume (b)
3 - 3 - ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد ) -a 3 (،
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ راد يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ
ﺪﻨﻗ
و شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ نﺎﺸﻧ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يور
هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﮐ
نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﯾﻮﺼﺗ رد هداد
هﺪﺷ ﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻪﻟﺎﻔ
ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺎﺗ
دوﺪﺣ 9 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 10
ناﺰﯿﻣ ،ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺪﺻرد دﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
. نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﮐ
ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ دﻮﺷ
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌ
ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺪﺻرد ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ
10 ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ
دﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
ﺮﮕﯾد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ
،ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ دﻮﺑ ﺪﻨﻗ
. رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 9 ﺎﻣا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰﯿﻣ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ ﺪﺻرد
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد نﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﻪﺑ زا ﺶﯿﺑ 9 ناﺰﯿﻣ نآ ﺪﺻرد
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ .
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻘﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد
رﻮﻀﺣ
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و ﺮﻤﺨﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ
يد ﺪﯿﺴﮐا
ﯽﻣ ﻦﺑﺮﮐ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد فﺮﻃ زا و ددﺮﮔ
ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ يﺎﻫ
ﻪﮑﺒﺷ ﺎﺑ دازآ بآ ﯽﮑﯿﺘﯿﻟﻮﺌﺗوﺮﭘ و هدﺮﮐ راﺮﻗﺮﺑ ﺪﻧﻮﯿﭘ ﯽﻨﺗﻮﻠﮔ ي
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ار ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﻫد ﺮﮐ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤﯾ
) 1400 ( ﺖﺷاد ﯽﻧاﻮﺨﻤﻫ ]
34 [.
Fig 3 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on water activity (a)
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﺖﺳودﺮﺒﻤﻐﯿﭘ )
1393 ( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻃ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﺛا يا
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ يوﺎﺣ هﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻔﯿﮐ ﺮﺑ سﻮﻠﯿﺳﺎﺑﻮﺘﮐﻻ درآ ﺖﯿ
نآ ،ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﺋر صاﻮﺧ و مﺪﻨﮔ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ
ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﯾرﺎﮐﺎﺳ ﯽﻠﭘوﺰﮔا رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﺐﺒﺳ درآ رد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﯽﻃ رد ﮏﯿﺘﮐﻻﺪﯿﺳا يﺎﻫ درآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻦﯿﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ و هﺪﺷ درآ ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
هدﺎﻣآ ياﺮﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ يوﺎﺣ ﻪﺑ زﺎﯿﻧ يزﺎﺳ
و ﻪﺘﺷاد يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ بآ
ﯽﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ نآ بآ بﺬﺟ دﻮﺷ
] 35 [.
3 - 4 - ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﻓﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ
3 - 4 - 1 ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﻦﯿﺑ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ
و ﻪﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﺦﺳﺎﭘ هزاﺪﻧا يﺮﯿﮔ
،هﺪﺷ زا ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﯽﻧﻮﯿﺳﺮﮔر ﻪﺑ
ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ ﺮﯾز
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ ) ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 3 :(
ﯽﺘﻔﺳ = -0.35 + 0.918 Beet pulp + 0.702 sourdough + 0.0165 Time – 0.0648 Beet pulp*Beet pulp – 0.0260 sourdough*sourdough – 0.000347 Time*Time
ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
-a 4 ( ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ، ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
و
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ
،ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .
نﺎﻤﻫ ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮ نﺎﺸﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا ﻗ
ﺪﻨ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 9 ﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ شﺮﺗ
ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ
يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ يور ار ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﺎﻫ
) -b 4 ( نﺎﺸﻧ ،
هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا . نﺎﻤﻫ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ دﻮﺷ
ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
و رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ
ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﺘ
زا 13 و 7 ﺰﯿﻧ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا دﺮﮐ
. ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد نﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﻪﺑ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ 8 ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد
ﺳ ﯽﺘﻔ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ تﺪﻣ
نﺎﻣز زا ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ ﯽﻨﻌﻣ يراد ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ . ﯽﺗرﺎﺒﻋ ﻪﺑ رد
و يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﯽﻃ ﺖﺷﺬﮔﺎﺑ
نﺎﻣز و مﺎﺠﻧا ﻞﻤﻋ ،ﯽﺗﺎﯿﺑ ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر زا و هدﺮﮐ ﺖﮐﺮﺣ نﺎﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﻪﺑ
ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﯽﻣ ﺪﯾآ .
ﻪﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ يا ﻪﮐ رد لﻮﻃ تﺪﻣ نﺎﻣز ر ،يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃ
ﺰﻐﻣ نﺎﻧ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ و ﻪﺑ نﺎﻧ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ و ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ نﺎﻧ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ . ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧرد ي ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﺰﻐﻣ نﺎﻧ ﯽﻣ زا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﯽﺻﻮﺼﺧ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 29 .[
ﻫ و ﯽﺑوﺬﺠﻣ ﻤ
نارﺎﮑ ) 1389 ( ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد نﺎﯿﺑ ، ﯽﺘﻔﺳ
ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
ﺰﻐﻣ نﺎﻧ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد
،ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﯾ ] 30 .[
ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ رد ،نﺎﻧ ﺖﺨﭘ زا ﺲﭘ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ نﺎﻧ ﺰﻐﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ يوﺎﺣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫرﺎﻤﯿﺗ
دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ .
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ رﻮﻀﺣ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺐﺒﺳ نﺎﻧ رد ﯽﻣ نﺎﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ و ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ
ددﺮﮔ . ﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ناﺮﮕﺸﻫو
ﺖﺷاد ﺖﻘﺑﺎﻄﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ .
Fig 4 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on Hardness (a) effect of process parameters on Hardness (b)
3 - 4 - 2 - ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
-a 5 ( ﻪﻧﺎﮔاﺪﺟ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ، ماﺪﮐﺮﻫ
ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ زا
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ يور ار نﺎﻣز و
ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﺪﻫد
.
ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ
ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ
ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﯽﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ و
تﺪﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ ، ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ
دﺮﮐ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا .
Fig 5 The effect of independent parameters of sourdough and time on fracture force(a)
3 - 5 - ﮓﻧر تﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ
3 - 5 - 1 ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور
*
) (
Lﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ )
-a 6 ( ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ، ﺮﺑ ار نﺎﻣز و
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ناﺰﯿﻣ ار ﺎﻫ
ﯽﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻫد . نﺎﻤﻫ ﮔ ﻪﻧﻮ
ﯽﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﮐ ،نﺎﻣز و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ
ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ .
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺎﻣا شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ناﺰﯿﻣ رد
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺷاد . رﻮﻀﺣ ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر يﺎﻫ هﺮﯿﺗ
دﻮﺟﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ
،ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺐﺒﺳ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور
ﺰﻐﻣ و ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ نﺎﻧ
ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ ﮐ ﻪ ﺎﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ و ﻢﮐاﺮﺗ
ﻪﻧاﺪﮕﻧر ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ،ﺎﻫ ﻦﯾا
رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻣ ددﺮﮔ ] 30 [ . لﺎﺳ رد
) 2009 ( ، ﺲﯿﻟرﻮﭘ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻃ رد نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و
ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ هدﺎﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ تﺎﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ
ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﮏﯾ ﯽﺤﻄﺳ و هﺪﯿﮐوﺮﭼ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﺘﺷاد و دﺮﯿﮔ
ﻦﯿﭼ ﺮﺑ راد دراد ﯽﯾاﺰﺴﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ]
36 [.
Fig 6 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp parameters and time on brightness (a)
(b)
3 - 5 - 2 يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ )
(
a*يدرز و ) (
b*و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ
ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ تﺪﻣ
نﺎﻣز ﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ، يﺰﻣ
ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا )
ﻞﮑﺷ 7 .(
رﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺪﻨﻗ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 6 رد و ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ يدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻ ﺲﭘ
نآزا ﻦﯾا
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ .
ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ياﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺪﺻرد ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﺳا شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ناﺰﯿﻣ
يدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﻪﺑ
تﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﯾ . رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ راﺬﮔﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يﺮﮕﯾد
ﯽﻣ نﺎﻣز ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﺖﺷاد يدﺎﯾز ﺮﺛا ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ
ﺎﻣا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا اﺪﺘﺑا رد يدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ نﺎﻣز ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺲﭘ
نآزا
ﻪﺑ تﺪﺷ ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
Fig 7 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp parameters and time on redness index (a), jaundice index (b)
3 - 6 ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ -
3 - 6 - 1 ﮓﻧر رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ )
-a 8 ( نﺎﺸﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 8
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮓﻧر زﺎﯿﺘﻣا دﻮﻤﻧ اﺪﯿﭘ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
. ﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿ
ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﮓﻧر شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . نﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
زا ﺶﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ 8
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد زﺎﯿﺘﻣا
ﺰﯿﻧ ﮓﻧر
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .
Fig 8 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on sensory evaluation (color
factor) (a)
ﮑﻤﻫ و ﮓﻧﻮﯾ نارﺎ
) 2017 ( ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽﻃ رد ، ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يا
ﯽﻔﯿﮐ يﺎﻫ
نﺎﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ار هﺪﺷ ﺮﯿﻤﺨﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﺪﻧدادراﺮﻗ . نآ يوﺎﺣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺎﻫ 20
ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
،ﮓﻧر يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ رد ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد ار زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ و
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻫﺎﻇ ]
32 [.
3 - 6 - 2 - ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ رد ﺖﻓﺎﺑ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺮﺑ
ﻞﮑﺷ ) -a 9 ( نﺎﺸﻧ ، هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .
Fig 9 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on sensory evaluation (tissue
factor) (a)
نﺎﻤﻫ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ
و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﯽﺴﺣ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺎﺗ ﻪﮑﯾرﻮﻄﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ
8
زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ،شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺪﺻرد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﺖﺷاد راﺮﻗ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ رد ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﯽﺴﺣ .
3 - 6 - 3 رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
-ﺮﻄﻋ و ﻢﻌﻃ
ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ
هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،
ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﺗ ،ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﯽﻨﻌﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يراد
ﺮﺑ ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ ﺪﻧراد ، . ناﺰﯿﻣ اﺪﺘﺑا رد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ
ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ ﻪﺑ ، ﯽﺠﯾرﺪﺗ ترﻮﺻ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺐﯿﺷ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﺎﻣا
ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ و ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ
، ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا
ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ) ﻞﮑﺷ -a 10 ( . نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﻤﺣﺮﻟا ﻢﯿﻠﺳ )
2007 ( ﯽﻃ ،
ﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄ يا نﺎﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ شراﺰﮔ هﺪﺷﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ
يوﺎﺣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ سﻮﮑﯾرﺎﮕﻟﻮﺑ سﻮﻠﯿﺳﺎﺑﻮﺘﮐﻻ يﺮﺘﮐﺎﺑ ﻪﯾﻮﺳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺪﻗﺎﻓ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ زا
ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ دﻮﺑ رادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ ]
37 .[
Fig 10 The interactive effect of sugar beet pulp parameters and sourdough on sensory evaluation
(flavor factor) (a)
3 - 6 - 4 - ﯽﻠﮐ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ
ﻞﮑﺷ رد )
-a 11 ( ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ يﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﯽﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ، ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
و
شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽﻠﮐ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺮﺑ
،ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ هداد هﺪﺷ ﺖﺳا .
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ دﻮﺷ
ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﺎﺗ
دوﺪﺣ 9 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا و ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
دوﺪﺣ ﺎﺗ 10 ﺬﭘ ﺪﺻرد شﺮﯾ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﯽﻠﮐ ،ﯽﻠﮐ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺮﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ و ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﺻرد ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﯽﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﯽﻗدﺎﺻ و نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ
) 1395 ( ﯽﺷراﺰﮔ ﯽﻃ رد ، ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ
ﻪﮐ نﺎﻧ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ ﻪﯿﻬﺗ هﺪﺷ زا
10 ﺪﺻرد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻮﺟ درآ
ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ 45 ﺪﺻرد ردﻮﭘ ﺎﻤﺴﻣوﺪﮐ
زﺎﯿﺘﻣا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ياراد ﯽﺴﺣ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا رد
دﻮﺑ . نآ ﯽﻃ رد ﺎﻫ ﻧدﻮﻤﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺪ ﻪﮐ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ درآ
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ﻮﺟ ﯽﺘﺒﺜﻣ
ﺖﺷاد ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ ﯽﺴﺣ ﺖﯿﺻﻮﺼﺧ يور ﺮﺑ ]
38 .[
Fig 11 Interactive effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough parameters on sensory evaluation (general
acceptance factor) (a)
ﯽﺑﺎﯾ ﻪﻨﯿﻬ -ﺑ 7 - 3
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
، شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ فﺪﻫ و بﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﺮﯾدﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣز و زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا مﺮﻧ
راﺰﻓا ﻪﺨﺴﻧ ﺐﺗ ﯽﻨﯿﻣ 16
ﺪﺷ ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ .
ﻞﮐ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 55 يوﺮﯿﻧ ،ﯽﮔﺪﻨﺒﺴﭼ ،ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺖﯿﺑﻮﻠﻄﻣ و
و ﯽﮔﺪﯾﻮﺟ ،ﺖﺴﮑﺷ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ندﻮﺑ ﯽﻐﻤﺻ
55 /0 ، 78 /0 ،
83 /0 ، 53 /0 و 60 /0 دﻮﺑ . يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﯿﻬﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
، شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻣز و
28 /6 ،
32 /7 و 24 / 88 دﻮﺑ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ .
4 - ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻠﮐ
ندوﺰﻓا ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾا رد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد 5
، 10 و 15
ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ و ﺪﺻرد ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺳ رد 2
، 6 و 10 ﻪﺳ رد ﺪﺻرد
،ﺮﻔﺻ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز هزﺎﺑ 48
و 96 ﻢﯿﺠﺣ نﺎﻧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
) ﺖﮔﺎﺑ ( ﻦﯾﺪﺑ و ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻦﮑﻨﺑ ﺲﮐﺎﺑ يرﺎﻣآ حﺮﻃ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ،ﯽﺑآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ،صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ
ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ،ﺖﺴﮑﺷ يوﺮﯿﻧ ،ﯽﺘﻔﺳ يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ،L*
،a*
يدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و b*
ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ،ﮓﻧر ﻞﯿﺒﻗ زا ﯽﺴﺣ
ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑدرﻮﻣ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ
و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺪﯾدﺮﮔ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
رد
،صﻮﺼﺨﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖﮔﺎﺑ نﺎﻧ نﻮﯿﺳﻻﻮﻣﺮﻓ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ يﺰﻣﺮﻗ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ و ﯽﯾﺎﻨﺷور ناﺰﯿﻣ و هدوﺰﻓا ﯽﻠﮐ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ،ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ
ﻔﺗ ﻪﻟﺎ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
نﺎﻣز و
رﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ و دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ يدرز ﺺﺧﺎﺷ رد شﺮﺗﺮﯿﻤﺧ
ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ
ﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز و ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻢﻌﻃوﺮﻄﻋ
ﺖﺷاد .
ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ
حﻮﺿو ﻪﻟﺎﻔﺗ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻗرﺪﻨﻐﭼ
ﻪﺑ
زا ﺶﯿﺑ 8 ﺖﻓﺎﯾ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯽﺘﻔﺳ ناﺰﯿﻣ ﺪﺻرد .
5 - ﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨ
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Investigating the application of sugar beet pulp and sourdough on the quantity and quality of baguette bread
Ahrari, A. 1, Bolourian, Sh. 2*, Goli Movahhed, Gh. A. 3
1. Graduate student, Department of Food Science and Technology, Kashmar University Jihad Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran.
2. Food Additives Research Group, Khorasan Razavi University Jihad, Mashhad, Iran.
3. Faculty member of Food Processing Research Group, Khorasan Razavi University Jihad Organization, Mashhad, Iran.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2022/ 02/ 15 Accepted 2022/ 12/ 18
Keywords:
Enrichment, Bread, texture, Color.
Bread is one of the most important foods based on the wheat that plays a vital role in feeding the people in the world as an excellent source of energy and protein. Therefore, the development of enriched bread is one of the effective ways in providing some of the necessary nutrients of the people. this study aimed to examine the effect of sugar beet pulp and sourdough on physicochemical, textural and organoleptic properties of baguette bread. To do this, the pressed sugar beet pulp in three levels of 2, 6, and 10% and sourdough in three levels 5, 10 and 15% were added based on the weight of flour in the dough preparation stage,respectively. Color, texture, moisture, water activity, specific volume and sensory evaluation tests were performed after preparing the samples. The results showed that increasing the amount of sugar beet pulp and sourdough in baguette formulation made moisture content, specific volume and overall acceptance increase and a* decreased. Also the effect of sugar beet pulp on b* was less than sourdough and time, and sourdough had more effect on flavor than sugar beet pulp and time factors. Therefore, the sample containing 6% sugar beet pulp and 10% sourdough as the optimal sample improved the quality characteristics of baguette bread.
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.132.161 DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1401.19.132.12.5
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran)
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir Scientific Research
