ﮏﺸﺧ شور و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﺮﺛا ﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ
ﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﮕﺑآ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﻓا ﮏ ﯿﺮ
ي هدز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﺪﻨﮔ دﺪﺠﻣ
ﻤﺳ ﯿ اﺮ ﻣاﯿ ﻦ
1صﻼﺧا
ﺎﺿرﺪﻤﺤﻣ ، ﻫوﮋﭘ
ﯽ ﻤﻟا ﺗﻮ
2ﯽ
، *
ﺪﻟاﺮﺨﻓ ﯾ ﺤﻟﺎﺻ ﻦ
3ﯽ
1 - ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ي ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﯽ ﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و شاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،ﺪﺷرا ﯿﻔ
ﯽ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
2 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐو ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯿﻔ
ﯽ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ا ،ناﺪﻤﻫ ،ﺎﻨ ﯾ
ناﺮ .
3 - ﺸﻧاد ﯿ ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ هوﺮﮔ ،رﺎ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ، ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿﺎﻨ
،
،ناﺪﻤﻫ اﯾ ناﺮ .
ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﮑﭼ
ﯿ هﺪ
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺎﻫ ﺦ ي ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ :
رﺎﺗ ﯾ رد ﺦ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ : 15 / 12 / 1401
رﺎﺗ ﯾ ﺬﭘ ﺦ ﯾ شﺮ : 11 / 02 / 1402
ﻠﮐ تﺎﻤﻠﮐ ﯿ
ﺪ ي :
،مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺮﺿ ﯾ
،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ
، ﭘ لﺪﻣ ﯿ ،ﺞ
اﻮﻫ ي غاد .
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.135.159
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1402.20.135.13.9
تﺎﺒﺗﺎﮑﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ
ا رد ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ عﻮﻧ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﻦﮐ
) اﻮﻫ ي خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد (
نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺿ ،نﺪﺷ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﮕﺑآ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺳرﺮﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ ﯽ
ﺳ و ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﮏ
لﺪﻣ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ زﺎﺳ
ي ﺪﺷ . اﺮﺑ ي ﭘ لﺎﻤﻋا ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
0 ، 5 ، 10 و 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر فﺬﺣ و هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا جوﺮﺧ زا ﺪﻌﺑ و ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ مﺎﻤﺣ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻞﺧاد ﻪﻘ
ﻓﺎﺿا ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ، ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ ترﻮﺻ ﻻ ﯾﻪ كزﺎﻧ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻞﺧاد ﻦﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي غاد ) ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ي 70 ﻪﺟرد
ﻠﺳ ﺴ ﯿ سﻮ ( خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و )
ناﻮﺗ 250 تاو ( ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺗ ﻪﮐ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯿ
رﺎﻤ
ﺎﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 5
ﻗد ﯿ
،ﻪﻘ اﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ ﯾ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جوﺮﺧ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ اﺰﻓا ،ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺶ ﯾ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر و ﺘﻧ رد ﯿ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﺠ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﺶﻫﺎﮐ
ﻣ ندﺮﮐ ﯽ ددﺮﮔ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
رﺎﻤ
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا 5
ﻗد ﯿ ،ﻪﻘ ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻦ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻦﮐ ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي و غاد
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯿ
زا ﺐ 7 / 126 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 0 / 120 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ 7 / 25 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 3 / 21 ﻗد ﯿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﻘ ﯾ
ﺖﻓﺎ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺎﻫ
اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي غاد 8 / 150 ﻗد ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ رد و ﻪﻘ ﻦﮐ
خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ 0 / 28 ﻗد ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘ . ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﺮﺿ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﺮﺛﺆ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر اﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ
ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﮏﺸﺧ
اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ غاد m2s-1
10
10-
× 65 / 1 اﺮﺑ و ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ m2s-1
10
10 -
× 59 / 8 دﻮﺑ . لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز جاﻮﻣا
ﮏﺸﺧ شور و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺛﺄﺗ ندﺮﮐ
ﯿ ﺮ
ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد ي ﮕﺑآ ﺮﺑ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺘﺷاد ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻨ ا راﺪﻘﻣ و ﯾ اﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻦ ي
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد هﺪﺷ
ﮏﺸﺧ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي ﺑ غاد ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺘﺸ . ﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ
ﺎﻫ ي مﺪﻨﮔ
، لﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ي
رﯾ ﺿﺎ ﯽ هداد ﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﻫﺎﮕﺸ ﯽ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد و شزاﺮﺑ ﭘ لﺪﻣ
ﯿ ﺞ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ود ﺎﺑ )
و k (n سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺤﺻ ﻦ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯾ ﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا لﺪﻣ ﻦ .
ﻪﺑ ﻠﮐرﻮﻃ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ، ﯾ اﺮﺷ ﻦ ﯾ اﺮﺑ ﻂ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ
ﺟ ﻪﻧاﻮ ﺎﻫ ي ،مﺪﻨﮔ 5 ﻗد ﯿ ﭘ ﻪﻘ ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺲﭙﺳ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ رﺎﻤ دﻮﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ
.
ﺎﻨﺻ و مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﯾ
اﺬﻏ ﻊ ﯾ ﯽ ا ﯾ ناﺮ
www.fsct.modares.ac.ir:ﻪﻠﺠﻣ ﺖﯾﺎﺳ
ﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ_ ﯽ
1 - ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﻼﻏ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،هزوﺮﻣا ژر رد هدز
ﯾ اﺬﻏ ﻢ ﯾ ﯽ ﻪﺑ داﺮﻓا
ﻟد ﯿ ﺎﺘﻧ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻞ ﯾ
ﺞ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ ﻤﻠﻋ تﺎﻘ ﯽ ﻣز رد ﯿ ﻪﻨ شزرا ﺎﻫ ي اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ و
ﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﯾ ﻓ تﺎ ﯿ ﺷﻮﺘ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﻬﻧآ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ] 1 [.
تﻼﻏ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪﺑ هدز ﮕﻤﺸﭼ رﻮﻃ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻃ ﯽ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﺪﻣ ﻧز
ﯿ وﺎﺤ ي ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ . اﯾ ﮐﺮﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺬﻐﻣ تﺎﺒ ي ﻞﻣﺎﺷ
وﯾ ﻣﺎﺘ ﯿ ﻦ ﮐﺮﺗ و ﺎﻫ ﯿ ﻮﻧﺎﺛ تﺎﺒ ﯾ ﻤﻬ ﯽ ﺬﻐﺗ ﺪﺿ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾﻪ
ا ي ا ﯾ ﻦ
ﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ار تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯽ
ﺪﻨﻫد ] 2 [.
ا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﯾ ﺮﺑ ندز ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،ﻦ
هدروآﺮﻓ ﺖﯿﻔﯿﮐ و ﯽﮑﯾژﻮﻟﻮﻨﮑﺗ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾآﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺮﺛا نآ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ
ﻔﻣ و ناواﺮﻓ ﯿ
ﺪ ي دراد . ﺟ مﺎﮕﻨﻫ و لﻮﻠﺤﻣ داﻮﻣ ﺪﺻرد ندز ﻪﻧاﻮ
ﯽﻣ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﻪﻧاد ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ و هﺪﻨﻨﮐ ءﺎﯿﺣا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﯾ
ﺪﺑﺎ . مﺪﻨﮔ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺰﻧآ و ﺖﺳا ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ ﯽﻤﯾﺰﻧآ ﺖﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ ياراد هدز ﯾﻢ
ﺎﻫ ي
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ لﻮﻃ رد زﺎﺘﻟﺎﻣ وزﻼﯿﻣآﺎﺘﺑ ،زﻼﯿﻣآ ﺎﻔﻟآ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﻣ لﺎﻌﻓ ندز ءﺎﯿﺣا يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﺪﯿﻟﻮﺗ و ﻪﺘﺳﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ و دﻮﺷ
ﻨﮐ ﯽﻣ هﺪﻨ ﺪﻧدﺮﮔ . ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﺪﻨﮔ ردﻮﭘ ﯽﯾاﺬﻏ شزرا ياراد هدز
،يروﺮﺿ ﻪﻨﯿﻣآ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا ،لﻮﻠﺤﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﻗ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ و هدﻮﺑ ﯽﯾﻻﺎﺑ بﺮﭼ يﺎﻫﺪﯿﺳا )
ﺳا ًﺎﺗﺪﻤﻋ ﯿ ﻟ ﺪ ﯿ ﺌﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ ﺳا و ﮏ ﯿ ﻟ ﺪ ﯿ ﻨﻟﻮﻨ ﯿ ﮏ ( حﻼﻣا ،
ﻦﯿﻣﺎﺘﯾو و ﺎﻫ
) B1
) ﺗﯿ ﻣﺎ ﯿ ﻦ (،
B2
) رﯾ وﻼﻓﻮﺒ ﯾ ﻦ (،
B5
) ﺳا ﯿ ﻨِﺗﻮﺘﻧﺎﭘ ﺪ ﯿ ﮏ (،
B6
) ﭘﯿ ﺮﯾ ﺴﮐوﺪ ﯿ ﻦ (،
B7
) ﻦﯿﺗﻮﯿﺑ ( و (E
ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 3 , 4 [.
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ زا ﮏﺸﺧ مﺪﻨﮔ ﻣ نآ ردﻮﭘ و هﺪﺷ
ﯽ ناﻮﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻨﻏ ﯽ زﺎﺳ ي
تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ اﺬﻏ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ
ﯾ ﯽ ﻧورﺎﮐﺎﻣ ،لدﻮﻧ عاﻮﻧا ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﯽ
،نﺎﻧ ،
ﮐﯿ هدروآﺮﻓ ،ﻪﻧﺎﺤﺒﺻ تﻼﻏ ،ﮏ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﯽ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳﺎﺑﺎﺒﮐ و
دﺮﮐ ] 5 , 6 [.
ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ شور بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ي
ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ روﺮﺿ هدز
ي ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . اﺮﺑ ي ﺮﺟ لﺎﺜﻣ ﯾﺒ ﯽ و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2022 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ شور ﺮ ندﺮﮐ
) دﺎﻤﺠﻧا ي اﻮﻫ ، ي د غا
ووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و ﯾﻮ - ﻼﺧ ( ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺳرﺮﺑ ار مورود مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ تﺎ ﯽ
ووﺮﮐﺎﻣ شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا و ﯾﻮ
- اﺮﺑ ار ﻼﺧ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ندﺮﮐ
ﺻﻮﺗ مﺪﻨﮔ ﯿ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﻪ ] 7 [ . د ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯾ
ﺮﮕ ي ﺷ ﯿ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و رﺎﮕﻨ
) 2013 ( ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﺮﺘﺴﺑ ﻦﮐ ﺳ
ﯿ اﺮﺑ لﺎ ي ﮏﺸﺧ مﺪﻨﮔ ندﺮﮐ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هدز .
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻧز ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺶ ﯽ راد ي رد
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯿ ﺪﺷ ﻦ . اﺮﺷ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻂ و ﮓﻧر ﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ي ﮕﻧر ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ لﻮﻃ رد و دﻮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮ
ﺎﻨﺷور ،نﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﯽ اﺰﻓا لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﻟﺎﺣرد ،ﺖﻓﺎ ﯽ
درز ﻪﮐ ي و
ﺰﻣﺮﻗ ي ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﺪﻨﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ هدز
زﺎﺳزﺎﺑ ،هﺪﺷ ي
ﻟﺎﻋ ﯽ ﮐ و داد نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ار ﯿﻔ
ﯿ دﺮﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ار دﻮﺧ ﺖ .
ا رد ﯾ ﻦ
هداد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ ﻫﺎﮕﺸ ﯽ ﻓ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯿ
ﮏ لﺪﻣ
زﺎﺳ ي اﺮﺿ و ﯾ شراﺰﮔ و ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ] 5 [.
ﯾﮑ ﯽ شور زا ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ زروﺎﺸﮐ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ندﺮﮐ ي
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،
اﺰﻓا ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﺶﺑﺎﺗ زا ﯾ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶ ،ندﺮﮐ
ﮐ ﻆﻔﺣ ﯿﻔ ﯿ ﺎﻬﻧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺖ ﯾ
ﯽ ﺰﻫ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ و ﯾ
ﻪﻨ ﺎﻫ ي آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﻟﻮﺗ ﯿ ﺪ
ﻟد ﻪﺑ ﯿ ژﺮﻧا فﺮﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮑﻠ ي
ﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ
شور ﻦ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﯾ ﺪﺟ يروﺎﻨﻓ ﮏ ﯾ
رد ﺪ ﺶﺨﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻨﺻ زا ﯾ ﻊ
اﺬﻏ ﯾ ﯽ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻣ ندﺮﮐ
ﯿ هﻮ ﺰﺒﺳ و ﺎﻫ ي
ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯾ
ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺖﺳا ] 8 [.
ﻤﻫ رد ﯿ ﻨﺴﺣ ،ﺎﺘﺳار ﻦ ﯽ
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2020 ( ﮏﺸﺧ
شور ﺎﺑ قﺎﻤﺳ نﺪﺷ ﺎﻫ
ي ﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺑﺎﺘﻓآ ﻪ
ﯽ ﺎﺳ و ﯾ ،ﻪ
ووﺮﮐﺎﻣ و خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ار ﻮ ﯽ رد و ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ ﯾ
دﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎ ﯾ
ﺮ
ﺳا ﯿ ﺎﻫﺪ ي ﻟآ ﯽ و و ﯾ ﻣﺎﺘ ﯿ ﻦ ﮏﺸﺧ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ رد C شور ﻪﺑ هﺪﺷ
ووﺮﮐﺎﻣ شور ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯾ
دﺎﻘﻣ ﻮ ﯾ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺮ ي رد و ﻪﺘﺷاد
ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ شور ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺘﻨﺳ ﯽ ﮏﺸﺧ ، ﺮﺘﻤﮐ نﺎﻣز رد خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ ي
ﻠﻤﻋ ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ تﺎ ﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ار ندﺮﮐ
ﯽ ﺪﻫد . ا ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ﯾ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،ﻦ
ﺻﻮﺼﺧ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ شور زا ﯿ
ﺷ تﺎ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ ﻣ ﯿ هﺪﺷ ﻆﻔﺣ قﺎﻤﺳ هﻮ
ﻐﺗ و ﯿﯿ ﻣ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﮓﻧر تاﺮ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 9 [.
ﺗﻮﺻ جاﻮﻣا زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯽ
ﺎﺑ
اﻮﻨﺷ ﺪﺣ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﯽ ﮑﺸﺗ نﺎﺴﻧا ﯿ
ﺪﺷ ﻞ ﺖﺳا ه . ﻈﻨﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯿ ﻢ
ا ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﻣ ار شور ﻦ ﯽ
ﺴﺑ رد ناﻮﺗ ﯿ
رﺎ ي ﺎﻨﺻ زا ﯾ ﻊ
ﺎﻨﺻ ﻪﻠﻤﺟزا ﯾ
ﻊ روآﺮﻓ ي اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﭘ ناﻮﻨﻋ
ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ
،رﺎﻤ ﯾ ﻏ شور ﮏ ﯿ
ﺗراﺮﺣﺮ ﯽ
اﺮﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ي
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ارﺎﮐ ﯾ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻃ و ﺖﺳا ندﺮﮐ ﯽ
ا لﺎﻤﻋا ﯾ آﺮﻓ ﻦ ﯾ
،ﺪﻨ و ﯾ ﮔﮋ ﯽ ﺎﻫ ي ﮐ ﯿﻔ ﯽ ﺳآ لﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯿ
ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺐ ي
ﻣ ﯽ ﺑﯿ ﺪﻨ ] 10 [.
شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﻫ
ي ﺪﺟ ﯾ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪ
اﺰﻓا و نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﮐ ﺶ ﯿﻔ ﯿ ﺖ
ﮏﺸﺧ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﺷ
ﻣ هﺪ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . نﺎﺸﻧ هﺪﺷﺮﺸﺘﻨﻣ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ نﻮﻨﮐﺎﺗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫد ﯽ
ﺳرﺮﺑ صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﯽ
نﺎﻣز ﺮﺛا
ﺳ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا ﯿﺘﻨ
ﯿ ﺶﺑﺎﺗ ﺎﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏ
اﻮﻫ و خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ي
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ مﺎﺠﻧا غاد .
ا رد اﺬﻟ ﯾ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
شور و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﺎﻫ
ي ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ اﻮﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ ي و غاد
ﺳ ﺮﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯿﺘﻨ
ﯿ ا ﮏ ﺮﺿ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ،ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﻓ ﯾ
ﺐ
ﮕﺑآ و ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯿﺮ
ي ﺳرﺮﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﺪﺠﻣ ﯽ
و
لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﺪﺷ .
2 - شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ
2
-
1
-
ﻬﺗ
ﯿ
مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪ
ﻬﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﯿ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﻪ رﺬﺑ
مﺪﻨﮔ ) Triticum aestivum L.
(
ﭘ ﻢﻗر ﯿ ناﺪﻤﻫ ﺮﻬﺷ زا مﺎﮕﺸ ﺎﻬﻧآ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﺿ و ﺰﯿﻤﺗ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ و ﻪﯿﻬﺗ
اﺪﺟ دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﺪ . ﭙﺳ ﻪﻧاد ﺲ ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ بآ رد و ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺴﺷ ﺎﻫ ي
25 ﻪﺟرد
ﺴﻠﺳ ﯿ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ سﻮ 24
ﺧ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﯿ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺴ .
بآ ،ﻪﻣادا رد
ﻓﺎﺿا ﯽ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ و هﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ ﻧز
ﯽ ﺎﻫرﺬﺑ ﻓﺮﻇ نورد ﯽ ﻪﮐ
ور ي
،دﻮﺑ هﺪﺷ هﺪﻧﺎﺷﻮﭘ كزﺎﻧ ﻪﻟﻮﺣ ﺎﺑ نآ ﻃ
ﯽ تﺪﻣ 48 ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
يﺎﻣد رد و 25
ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
دﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا سﻮ ﯾ
ﺪ ) ﺮﻫ 6 بآ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
ﻮﻤﻧ ﻮﻌﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧ ﯾ ﻣ ﺾ ﯽ ﺪﺷ .(
2 - 2 - ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﯿ
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ
ﻤﮑﺗ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﯿ
آﺮﻓ ﻞ ﯾ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺪﻨ ﻧز ﯽ ﻪﻧاد ﺎﻫ ي
،مﺪﻨﮔ آﺮﻓ ﯾ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺪﻨ
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ مﺎﻤﺣ ﻞﺧاد )
لﺪﻣ vCLEAN1-L2 ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ،
ا ﺮﮑﺑ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﯾ
ناﺮ ( دﺮﮔ لﺎﻤﻋا ﯾﺪ
. اﺮﺑ ي ﭘ لﺎﻤﻋا ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ
0 ، 5 ، 10 و 15 ﻗد ﯿ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻞﺧاد ﻪﻘ
ﺻاﺮﻓ مﺎﻤﺣ ﺲﻧﺎﮐﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ تﻮ
40 ﮐ ﯿ ناﻮﺗ و ﺰﺗﺮﻫﻮﻠ 100
تاو
، راﺮﻗ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ .
2 - 3 - آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ اﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ
ي غاد
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ،تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ ترﻮﺻ
ﻻﯾ ﻪ ﻞﺧاد كزﺎﻧ
ﻦﻓ نوآ راد ) ﻦﻓ ا ،ﺮﺘﺴﮔ ﺎﻣزآ ﯾ
ناﺮ ( ﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ ي 70 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو تاﺮ ﻃ رد ﺎﻫ
ﯽ ﺎﺗ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ
ﺘﺳد ﯿﺑﺎ ﯽ وزاﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،ﺖﺑﺎﺛ نزو ﻪﺑ ي
د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺘ ﯽ
)ا ي ﺪﻧا د
1ي
، ﻦﭘاژ ( ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ 01 /0 دﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ،مﺮﮔ ± ﯾﺪ
.
2 - 4 - آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ندﺮﮐ
اﺪﺘﺑا رد ي ا ﯾ اﺮﻓ ﻦ ﯾ اﺮﻓ نﻮﭽﻤﻫ ﺪﻨ ﯾ
اﻮﻫ ﺪﻨ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ،غاد ﺎﻫ
ي
ﺗﯿ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺖﻬﺟ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷرﺎﻤ )
ناﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
250 تاو ( ﻪﺑ ﻻ ترﻮﺻ ﯾﻪ ﮐزﺎﻧ ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ هداد راﺮﻗ هﺎﮕﺘﺳد ﻞﺧاد .
اﺮﺑ ي ﻫدﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﯽ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﭗﻣﻻ زا 250
رﻮﻧ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ تاو
)اﯾ ناﺮ ( دﺮﮔ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯾ
ﺪ.
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓ ﭗﻣﻻ ﺢﻄﺳ زا ﺎﻫ
5
ﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﯽ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ رد .
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو تاﺮ ﻃ رد ﺎﻫ
ﯽ
وزاﺮﺗ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ي
د ﯾ ﺠ ﯿ ﻟﺎﺘ
2ﯽ ﺖﻗد ﺎﺑ 01 /0 ﻪﮐ مﺮﮔ ±
ز رد ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮ ﺳر نﺎﻣز ﺎﺗ دﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻦﮐ ﯿ
،نزو تﺎﺒﺛ ﻪﺑ نﺪ
دﺮﮔ ﺖﺒﺛ ﯾﺪ .
2 - 5 - ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ
1. AND, EK-410i, Japan
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ي
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ي نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ﮏﺸﺧ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺛﺄﺗ و ﻢﺳر ندﺮﮐ ﯿﺮ
ﺗﯿ ﺎﻫرﺎﻤ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ نآ ﺮﺑ ندﺮﮐ
ﻣ ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮ ﯽ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
) 3
(MR زا
ﻖﯾﺮﻃ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 1،
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ دﺮﮔ ﯾﺪ ] 11 [.
) ١ (
e e t
M M
M MR M
0
ا رد ﯾ ،ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ : MR
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ )
ﺪﻌﺑ نوﺪﺑ ( ، Mt
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي
ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ي
نﺎﻣز ﺮﻫ رد ﮏﺸﺧ ) t
هدﺎﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ بآ مﺮﮔ
ﮏﺸﺧ ( ، M0
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﻟوا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯿ
ﺎﻨﺒﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻪ ي و ﮏﺸﺧ Me
اﻮﺘﺤﻣ ي ﻟدﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯽ
) ﮏﺸﺧ هدﺎﻣ مﺮﮔ ﺮﺑ بآ مﺮﮔ (
ﺖﺳا .
اﺮﺑ ي نﺎﻣز ﺎﻫ ي ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﯽ دﺎﻘﻣ ،نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﯾ
ﺮ Me
ﺎﻘﻣ رد ﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺴ
دﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﺮ Mo
Mt و
ﺴﺑ ﯿ ﻣ ﮏﭼﻮﮐ رﺎ ﯽ
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻣ ﻦ ﯽ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ناﻮﺗ
ﻃ رد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽ
ﻪﺑ ار نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ترﻮﺻ
2 هدﺎﺳ
و دﻮﻤﻧ ﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﯿ
ﻪﺑ يزﺎ ﮔ هزاﺪﻧا ﯿ ﺖﺑﻮﻃﺮﯾﺮ
ﻟدﺎﻌﺗ ﯿ ﻤﻨ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ] 12 [.
) 2 (
o t
M MR M
2 - 6 - ﺮﺿ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ا رد ﯾ ﻘﺤﺗ ﻦ ﯿ ﺮﻈﻧ لﺪﻣ ،ﻖ ي
هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا اﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ ي ﻌﺗ ﯿﯿ ﺮﺿ ﻦ ﯾ ﺐ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ4
ﺎﻫ ي ذﻮﻔﻧ مود نﻮﻧﺎﻗ سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ مﺪﻨﮔ
ﻓﯿ
5ﮏ وﺮﮐ تﺎﺼﺘﺨﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و
6ي دﻮﺑ . اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻞﺣ
ﻓﯿ ﻣ ضﺮﻓ اﺪﺘﺑا،ﮏ ﯽ
ﺷ ﻪﮐ دﻮ 1 ( شور ﻪﺑ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جوﺮﺧ
،هدﻮﺑ ذﻮﻔﻧ 2
( ﮐوﺮﭼ ﯿ ﮔﺪ ﯽ ﻤﺠﺣ ﯽ ﻢﺸﭼ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺷﻮﭘ
ﯽ ،ﺖﺳا 3 (
ﻃ رد ﺎﻣد ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ و ﺖﺳا ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺪﻨ 4
( اﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﻃ ردذﻮﻔﻧ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪﻨ
ﻗﺎﺑ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا ﺲﭙﺳ ؛ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ 3
ﻣ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﯽ دﻮﺷ ] 13 [.
) 3 (
1
2 2 2 2
2 0
1 exp 6
n
eff e
e
t t
r D n M n
M M
MR M
اﺮﺑ ي هرود ﺎﻫ ي ﺧ ﻧﻻﻮﻃ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸ ﯽ
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ، 3 ﻣ ار ﯽ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﻮﺗ
ﻟوا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﯿ
ا نوﺪﺑ ،دﺮﮐ هدﺎﺳ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ رد ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻪﮑﻨ
ﭘ ﺖﻗد ﺮﺑ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿ ز ﺮ ﯾ دﺎ ي دراﺬﮕﺑ . رﺎﮕﻟ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ ﯾ
ﺒﻃ ﻢﺘ ﯿﻌ ﯽ
ﻓﺮﻃ زا ﯿ ﻦ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 3،
ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ 4 ﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ ﯽ آﯾ ﺪ:
3. Moisture ratio (MR)
4. Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient (Deff) 5. Fick's second law of diffusion
) 4 (
2
2
2 0
ln 6 ln
ln r
t D M
M M
MR M eff
e e
t
رد ﺎﻬﻧ ﯾ ﺮﺿ ﺖ ﯾ ﺐ ﺮﻃ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﯾ
ﺷ ﻖ ﯿ ﻂﺧ ﺐ
رﺎﮕﻟ ﯾ ﺒﻃ ﻢﺘ ﯿﻌ
ِﯽ هداد ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽ ) (lnMR رد
ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ندﺮﮐ
5 دﺮﮔ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯾﺪ
.
) 5 (
2 2
r Slope D
eff
رد ا ﯾ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ
،ﺎﻫ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣr ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ مﺪﻨﮔ عﺎﻌﺷ هدز
) (m ، Deff
ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ )
m2s-1 ( ، ﺤﺻ داﺪﻋا n ﯿ ،ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﺢ t
نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز )
(s و Slope ﺷ ﯿ ﺐ ﻣ ﻂﺧ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - 7 - لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي ﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ
ا رد ﯾ ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦ ـﺳرﺮﺑ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ
ﯽ ـﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ـﭘ و ﮏ ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿ ـﻨ ﯽ ﺪـﻧور
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ هداد ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﺑﺮﺠ ﯽ زﺎﻫدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎﺑ و
لﺪﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ،ندﺮـﮐ
لﺪـﻣ زﺎـﺳ ي ـﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ
دﺮﮔ مﺎﺠﻧا ﯾ ﺪ . ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﺎﻫ ي ـﺳ و ﮓﻧو ﯿ
ﺑﺎـﭘ و نﻮـﺳرﺪﻨﻫ ،ﮓﻨ ﯿ
،ﺲ
ﺮﻘﺗ ﯾ ﭘ ،رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺐ ﯿ
ﻧ ،ﺞ ﯿ ﻣ ،ﻦﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﯾ ﻠ ﯽ رﺎﮕﻟ و ﯾ ﻤﺘ ﯽ اﺮﺑ ، ي لﺪﻣ زﺎﺳ ي
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﻫ
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و ﯾ
ـﺳ لﺪـﻣ ﻦ ﯿﺘﻨ
ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ ،
بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﺳرﺮﺑ و ﯽ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ] 14 [.
ﻪﺑ هداد ندﺮـﮐ لﺪـﻣ رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ي
ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽ ﮏﺸﺧ ندﺮﮐ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ندروآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ و ﺎﻫ
ي لﺪﻣ ﻧ ﺎﻫ ـﯿ زا ﺰ
مﺮﻧ و ﺐﻠﺘﻣ راﺰﻓا ﯾ
اﺮ ﯾ ﺶ R2012a ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا
.
2 - 8 - ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟدﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ
اﺮﺑ ي ﮕﺑآ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ ،دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎـﻫ
ي ﮏﺸـﺧ هﺪـﺷ
زﻮــﺗ ﯾ ﺎــﻣد ﺎــﺑ بآ نورد و ﻦ ي
50 ﺴــﻠﺳ ﻪــﺟرد ﯿ
ﻪــﻃﻮﻏ سﻮ رو
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺷﺬﮔ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﺎﻫ 30
ﻗد ﯿ جرﺎـﺧ بآ زا ﻪـﻘ و هﺪـﺷ
زﻮﺗ ﯾ ﻦ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ . ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ بآ بﺬﺟ زﺎﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ 6
ﻪﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ و
ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
) 6 ( 100
0
M RR M
ا رد ﯾ ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ ﻦ و بآ بﺬـﺟ زﺎﺑ زا ﺪﻌﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نزو M
M0 نزو
ﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﯽ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
2 - 9 - ﻟﺎﻧآ ﯿ رﺎﻣآ ﺰ ي
اﯾ ﻓدﺎﺼﺗ ًﻼﻣﺎﮐ حﺮﻃ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ ﻞﯾرﻮﺘﮐﺎﻓ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺎﺑ و
مﺮﻧ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا راﺰﻓا
ﻪﺨﺴﻧ SPSS 21 ﺰﺠﺗ درﻮﻣ ﯾﻪ
ﻠﺤﺗو ﯿ راﺮﻗ ﻞ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ . نﻮﻣزآ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ اﺮﺑ و مﺎﺠﻧا راﺮﮑﺗ ﻪﺳ رد ندﺮﮐ ي
ﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ ﻣ ﻪﺴ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﺦﺳﺎﭙﻨ ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻣزآ زا ،هﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻤ ا
ي
ﻤﺘﺣا ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻦﮑﻧاد لﺎ
95 % ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا .
3 - ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺚﺤﺑ و ﺞ
3 - 1 - ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
راو ﻪ ﯾ عﻮﻧ ﻮﺗﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣﺰﺴﻧﺎ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ ) اﻮﻫ ي خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد (
ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑ نﺪﺷ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي لوﺪﺟ رد مﺪﻨﮔ 1
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
نﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ا رد ﯾ ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ لوﺪﺟ ﻦ ﯽ
ﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺮ ي ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ نﺎﻣز
ﻋا ﮏﺸﺧ عﻮﻧ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤ ﻦﮐ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد 5 ﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺻرد ﯽ راد
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ) 05 /0
<
.(p ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ ﻦ نآ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺰ
5 % ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ راد )
05 /0
<
.(p
Table 1 Results of analysis of variance for drying time parameter of wheat sprouts.
Sources of changes Degrees of freedom Sum of squares Mean square P
Dryer 1 90528 90528 0.000
Time 3 6254 2085 0.000
Dryer × Time 3 3280 1093 0.000
Error 16 160 10
Total 23 100222
ﻞﮑﺷ رد 1 ﺮﺛا ﮏﺸﺧ عﻮﻧ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﻦـﮐ
) اﻮـﻫ ي
خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد (
ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﺮﺑ نﺪﺷ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي مﺪﻨﮔ شراﺰﮔ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ا رد ﻪﮐ ﯾ د ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦ ﯾ ﻣ هﺪ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،دﻮﺷ ﯾ
ﺶ
ﺎﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺪـﺷ ﮏﺸﺨﻧﺎﻣز ،ﻪﻘ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ؛ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺎ ﯾ
ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﻪـﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ 10
و 15 ﻗد ﯿ ﻟد ﻪــﺑ ،ﻪــﻘ ــﯿ ــﺳآ ﻞ ﯿ د ﺐ ــﯾ ﺤﻄــﺳ تاﺮــﻔﺣ نﺪ ﯽ
و
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻣ ﯾﯿ ﻪـﻧاﻮﺟ رد دﻮـﺟﻮﻣ ﻪـﻨ ﻪـﺑ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر ،ﺎـﻫ
ﺘﺨـﺳ ﯽ زا
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز و هﺪﺷ جرﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ندﺮﮐ
ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ﯽ ﺖـﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ .
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﻔـﺻ زا
5 ﻗد ﯿ ،ﻪـﻘ ﻣ ـﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﮏﺸـﺧ رد ﺎـﻫ
ﻦـﮐ ﺎـﻫ ي اﻮـﻫ ي و غاد
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ـﯿ
زا ﺐ 7/
126 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﻘ 0/
120 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪـﻘ 7/
25
ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻘ 3/
21 ﻗد ﯿ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﻘ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . نﺪـﺷ ﮏﺸـﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺎﻫ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ
ي غاد 8/
150 ﻗد ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ رد و ﻪﻘ ﻦـﮐ
خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ 0/
28 ﻗد ﯿ دﻮـﺑ ﻪـﻘ . ﺸـﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯽ
ﺤﻟﺎـﺻ ﯽ نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و
) 2022 ( ﺛﺄﺗ ﯿﺮ ناﻮﺗ و نﺎﻣز لﺎﻤﻋا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺮـﺑ ارﺎـﮐ ﯾ ﯽ آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﺪـﻨ
بآ ادز ﯾ ﯽ ﺰﻤﺳا ي شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي ﺑ ار زﻮﻣ ﺳرﺮ ﯽ ﺪـﻧدﺮﮐ . سﺎـﺳا ﺮـﺑ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ا ﺞ ﯾ ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺐﺟﻮﻣ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ اﺰﻓا
ﯾ ﺶ راﺪﻘﻣ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر جرﺎﺧ هﺪﺷ زا شﺮﺑ ﺎﻫ ي زﻮﻣ ﺪﺷ و رد ﺘﻧﯿ ﻪـﺠ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ
نﺎﻣز آﺮﻓ ﯾ بآ ﺪﻨ ادز ﯾ ﯽ ار ﻪﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ ﺖﺷاد ] 15 [.
Fig 1 Effect of different ultrasound pretreatment on the drying time of wheat sprouts (HA=Hot-air
dryer; IR=Infrared dryer).
Different letters above the columns indicate significant difference (p<0.05)
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ ي 2 و 3 ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﻓا ﺐ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺗ مﺪـﻨﮔ ﯿ رﺎـﻤ
ﻃ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﯽ
ﮏﺸـﺧ رد نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦـﮐ
ﺎـﻫ ي اﻮـﻫ ي
ﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ار خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻮﻏاد ﯽ
ﺪﻨﻫد . ا ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ـﯾ
،ﻞﮑـﺷ ود ﻦ
ﺗﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي تﺪـﻣ ﻪـﺑ مﺪـﻨﮔ 5
ﻗد ﯿ جاﻮـﻣا ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻪـﻘ
ﺮﺴـﺗ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﯾ
ـﻣ ﺖـﺑﻮﻃر جوﺮـﺧ رد ﻊ ﯽ
ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻣا ؛دﻮـﺷ
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﺘﻧ ﯿ جوﺮـﺧ ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ و هﺪﺷ ﺲﮑﻋﺮﺑ ﻪﺠ
ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ زا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺎـﻫ
ﯾ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺎ .
نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﻦﺴـﺣ
) 2020 ( ﺻﻮﺼﺧ ﯿ ﻓ تﺎ ﯿ ﺷﻮﺘ ﯿﻤ ﯿﺎﯾ ﯽ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي روآﺮـﻓ مﻮﮔرﻮﺳ ي
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ اﺮﺑ
ي هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا رد ﺎﻫاﺬﻏ ي اﺮﮕﻠﻤﻋ ار ﺳرﺮﺑ
ﯽ ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺑ رد ﯿ ﺗ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ حﻮﻄﺳ ﻦ ﯿ
ﻪﻨﻣاد رد تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ،رﺎﻤ
40 تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺻرد 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﻘ ﯾ ﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺞ ﯽ
داد نﺎﺸﻧ ار .
ﺲـﭘ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ زا ﻧز ﯽ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ، ﺎـﻫ ي ﺗ مﻮﮔرﻮـﺳ ﯿ
تﻮـﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎـﺑ هﺪـﺷ رﺎـﻤ
ﺎﻓوﺮﭘ ﯾ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﻞ ي ﻓ زا ﯿ ﻤﮐﻮﺘ ﯿ لﺎﮑ ـﻣ ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺎﻫ ﯽ
ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﻮﻨﻋ اﺮـﺑ شزرا ﺎـﺑ مﺎﺧ هدﺎﻣ نا ي
ﻟﻮﺗ ـﯿ ﺎﻫاﺬـﻏ ﺪ ي ﺎـﺑ اﺮـﮕﻠﻤﻋ
ﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯿ ﺰﻫ و ﻻﺎﺑ ﻦ ﯾ
ﻪﻨ ﻢﮐ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ]
16 [.
Fig2 Moisture loss of wheat sprouts during drying in the hot-air dryer
Fig 3 Moisture loss of wheat sprouts during drying in the infrared dryer
3 - 2 - ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ﻞﮑﺷ رد ﻪﮐ 4
ﻣ ﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﯽ دﻮﺷ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺶ لﺎ
ﺎﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 5
ﻗد ﯿ
،ﻪﻘ ﺮﺿ ﯾ اﺰﻓا ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺖﺳا . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا
5 ﻗد ﯿ ﻪﻘ ،
دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯾ
ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
اﺮﺑ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي
ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ مﺪﻨﮔ زا خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ
m2s-1
10
10-
× 5/
9 ﻪﺑ
m2s-1
10
10-
× 5/
10 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ ) 05 /0
>
(p . ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺿ ﺮﯾ ﺐ
ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر اﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ
ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ
ﮏﺸﺧ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ غاد m2s-1
10
10-
× 65 /1 اﺮﺑ و ي
ﮏﺸﺧ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ m2s-1
10
10-
× 59 /8 دﻮﺑ . رﺎﻣآ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ي
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ي
ﺑ ﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ ﺮ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏﺸﺧ رد هﺪﺷ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ
ي ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ غاد
) 05 /0
>
.(p ﻓر ﯿﻌ ﯽ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و )
2008 ( ﮏﺸﺧ رد مﺪﻨﮔ ندﺮﮐ
ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي ﺎﻫﺎﻣد ﺎﺑ غاد ي
اﻮﻫ ي دورو ي ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 35 ،
45 ، 50 ، 60 و 70 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
ﺳرﺮﺑ ار سﻮ ﯽ
ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ . ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ
اﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ي
ا رد مﺪﻨﮔ ﯾ
هدوﺪﺤﻣ رد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ
m2s-1
10
10-
× 23 /0 ) اﺮﺑ ي 35 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ ( ﺎﺗ m2s-1
10 -
10
× 14 /1 ) ﺑ اﺮ ي 70 ﺴﻠﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﯿ
سﻮ ( ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ]
13 [.
Fig 4 Effect of different ultrasound pretreatment on the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient of
wheat sprouts
(HA=Hot-air dryer; IR=Infrared dryer).
Different letters above the columns indicate significant difference (p<0.05)
3 - 3 - ﺮﺘﻬﺑ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﯾ
ﺳ لﺪﻣ ﻦ ﯿﺘﻨ
ﯿ ﮑ ﯽ
ﻣﺎـﻤﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺎﺑ ﯽ
ﺗ ﯿ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻤ
ﻃ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﯽ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ندﺮﮐ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ) ﻪﻟدﺎﻌﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ
هرﺎﻤﺷ 2 ( ﺳﺮﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ طﺎﻘﻧ شزاﺮﺑ و ﯿ
ﻢ يﺎـﻫرادﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺒﺴـﻧ
ﺖﺑﻮﻃر - ﻪﺑ ،نﺎﻣز ﺳو ﯿ لﺪﻣ ﻪﻠ ﺎﻫ ي ﺳ و ﮓﻧو ﯿ و نﻮـﺳرﺪﻨﻫ ،ﮓﻨ
ﺑﺎﭘ ﯿ ﺮﻘﺗ ،ﺲ ﯾ ﭘ ،رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ﺐ ﯿ
ﻧ ،ﺞ ﯿ ﻣ ،ﻦﺗﻮ ﯿ ﺪﯾ ﻠ ﯽ رﺎـﮕﻟ و ﯾ ﻤﺘ ﯽ ﺎـﺘﻧ ، ﯾ ﺞ
ﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ لﺪﻣ ﺮﻫ ياﺮﺑ ﯽ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ .
ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﯾ لﺪﻣ ﻦ ﻣ ﯽ ﺎﺑﯾ ﺖﺴ
ﺑ ياراد ﯿ ﺮﺘﺸ ﯾ ﺮﺿ راﺪﻘﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
ﺒﺗ ﺐ ﯿﯿ ﻦ ) (r دﺎـﻘﻣ ﻞﻗاﺪـﺣ و ﯾ
ﺎـﻄﺧ ﺮ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞ ﺘﻬﺑ ﻪﮐ داد ﺮﯾ ﺮﺗﻻﺎـﺑ ﺎـﺑ لﺪـﻣ ﻦ ﯾ
رد ،شزاﺮـﺑ ﻦ
آﺮﻓ درﻮﻣ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ندﺮﮐ ﭘ لﺪﻣ ،ﺎﻫ
ﯿ ﺖـﺳا ﺞ . لوﺪـﺟ رد
2 ﺎﻄﺧ تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ ) 1
(SSE ، ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺐ ﺒﺗﯿ ﯿ و ﻦ رﺬﺟ ﻣﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
تﺎﻌﺑﺮﻣ
2ﺎﻄﺧ ) (RMSE و ﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﯿ اﺮﺿ ﻦ ﯾ ﺐ لﺪـﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ـﭘ
ﯿ ﺞ
) و n (k ﻪﺋارا ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ . ﭘ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا اﺬﻟ ﯿ
اﺮﺑ ﺞ ي ـﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ
آﺮﻓ ﯾ ﮏﺸﺧ ﺪﻨ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ندﺮﮐ ﺎﻫ
ي مﺪﻨﮔ ﺗﯿ تﻮـﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎـﺑ هﺪـﺷ رﺎـﻤ
ﺻﻮﺗ ﯿ ﻣ ﻪ ﯽ دﻮﺷ . ﺎـﺘﻧ ﺎـﺑ ﺎﺘـﺳار ﻢـﻫ ﯾ
ا ﺞ ـﯾ ،ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻦ ﻓر
ﯿ ـﻌ ﯽ و
نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ ) 2008 ( ﻧﯿ ﭘ لﺪﻣ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺰ ﯿ
اﺮﺑ ﺞ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺳ ﯿﺘﻨ ﯿ ﮏ
ﮏﺸﺧ رد مﺪـﻨﮔ ندﺮﮐ ـﯾ
ﮏﺸـﺧ ﮏ اﻮـﻫ ﻦـﮐ
ي ـﺻﻮﺗ ار غاد ﯿ
ﻪ
ﺮﮐ هد ﺪﻧا ] 13 [.
اﺮﺑ ي ﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﯾ ﯽ ﭘ لﺪﻣ ﯿ ﭘ ﺞ ﯿ دﺎﻘﻣ ،يدﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﯾﺮ
ﻐﺗ ﯿﯿ تاﺮ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
ﭘ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ ﭘ لﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﯿ
دﺎﻘﻣ و ﺞ ﯾﺮ ﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴ
ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﯽ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺑ )
ﭘ نﺎﻣز ﯿ ﺶ ﺗﯿ رﺎﻤ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ 5 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ
ﮏﺸﺧ رد خﺮـﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ (
ﻞﮑـﺷ رد 5 ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ هداد نﺎﺸـﻧ .
نﺎﻤﻫ رﻮﻃ ي ا رد ﻪﮐ ﯾ ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦ ﯽ
ﺑﻮـﺧ قﺎـﺒﻄﻧا ،دﻮـﺷ ﯽ
ﺑﯿ ﻦ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﯽ
ﭘ و ﯿ ﺶ ﺑﯿﻨ ﯽ دﻮـﺟو لﺪﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ هﺪﺷ
اﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ؛دراد ﯾ ﭘ لﺪﻣ ،ﻦ ﯿ ﭘ ﺞ ـﯿ ـﭘ ياﺮـﺑ يدﺎﻬﻨﺸ ﯿ
ﺶ ﺑﯿ ـﻨ ﯽ ﻐﺗ ﯿ ـﯿ تاﺮ
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺎﻫ
ي ﺗ مﺪﻨﮔ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﯿ
تﻮـﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎـﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻣ ﯽ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .
1. Sum of squares due to error (SSE) 2. Root mean square error (RMSE)
Table 2 The constants and coefficients of the approved model (Page)
Dryer type Sonication time (min) k n SSE r RMSE
0 0.018 1.015 0.016 0.995 0.030
5 0.016 1.049 0.016 0.995 0.030
10 0.017 0.997 0.010 0.996 0.024
Hot-air dryer
15 0.016 0.985 0.008 0.997 0.022
0 0.106 1.088 0.011 0.997 0.019
5 0.098 1.150 0.017 0.997 0.024
10 0.058 1.232 0.011 0.998 0.020
Infrared dryer
15 0.111 0.901 0.050 0.990 0.037
Fig 5 Comparison of fitted data by Pagemodel with experimental results of moisture ratio (sonication
time=5 min and at infrared dryer).
لﺎﺳ رد ﺎﻫ ي ﺧا ﯿ اﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺮ ي
اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ
اﺬﻏ شزرا ﯾ ﯽ اﺬﻏ تﻻﻮﺼﺤﻣ ﯾ
ﯽ روآﺮﻓ ي ﺮﻃ زا ،هﺪﺷ ﯾ
ﻆﻔﺣ ﻖ
ﯾ ﺪﻌﺗ ﺎ ﯾ اﺰﺟا ﻞ ي ﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ در .
ﻞﮑﺷ رد 6
ﺮﺛا ﮏﺸﺧ عﻮﻧ و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﻦﮐ
) اﻮﻫ ي و غاد خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ
( ﺮﺑ ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي شراﺰﮔ مﺪﻨﮔ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ
.
نﺎﻤﻫ ا رد ﻪﮐ رﻮﻃ ﯾ
د ﻞﮑﺷ ﻦ ﯾ ﻣ هﺪ ﯽ اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ،دﻮﺷ ﯾ
لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣز ﺶ
ﺎﺗ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ 5
ﻗد ﯿ ،ﻪﻘ ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ اﺰﻓا ،ﺎﻫ ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺎﺑ ﺎﻣا ؛ﺖﺳا اﺰﻓا
ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
ﻫدرﺎﻤ ﯽ ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ 10
و 15
ﻗد ﯿ ﻟد ﻪﺑ ،ﻪﻘ ﯿ ﺳآ ﻞ ﯿ د ﺐ ﯾ ﺤﻄﺳ تاﺮﻔﺣ نﺪ ﯽ
ﻪﻟﻮﻟ و ﺎﻫ ي ﻮﻣ ﯾﯿ ﻪﻨ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻪﺑ بآ ،ﺎﻫ
ﺘﺨﺳ ﯽ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دراو ﺎﻫ
ي ﮏﺸﺧ هﺪﺷ
دﺮﮔ ﯾ ﮕﺑآ و هﺪ ﯿﺮ ي ا دﺪﺠﻣ ﯾ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﺎﻫ .
3 - 4 - ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ
ﺎﺘﻧ ﯾ ﺰﺠﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞ ﯾ
راو ﻪ ﯾ ﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣﺰﺴﻧﺎ عﻮﻧ و تﻮ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ ) اﻮﻫ ي خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد (
ﺮﺑ ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي
ﮏﺸﺧ مﺪﻨﮔ هﺪﺷ
لوﺪﺟ رد 3 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ .
ا رد ﯾ لوﺪﺟ ﻦ
ﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﯽ ﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ﻪﮐ دﻮﺷ ﯿ
ﺎﻫﺮ ي و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻣﺰﻠﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﮏﺸﺧ عﻮﻧ ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﻦﮐ
5 ﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ ﺪﺻرد ﯿ
ﺮ ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي دﺪﺠﻣ ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ راد
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ )
05 /0
<
(p نآ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺘﻣ تاﺮﺛا ﺎﻣا ؛ ﻫ
ﺢﻄﺳ رد ﺎ 5
%
ﻨﻌﻣ ﯽ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺸﻧ راد )
05 /0
>
.(p
Table 3 Results of analysis of variance for rehydration of dried wheat sprouts in hot-air and infrared dryers.
Sources of changes Degrees of freedom Sum of squares Mean square P
Dryer 1 2373.46 2373.46 0.000
Time 3 2816.49 938.83 0.001
Dryer × Time 3 102.51 34.17 0.773
Error 16 1460.17 91.26
Total 23 6752.63
اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ 5
ﻗد ﯿ ﻣ ،ﻪﻘ ﯿ ﮕﻧﺎ ﯿ ﻦ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﺪﺠﻣ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﺎﻫ
ﻦﮐ ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي د خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غا
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﯿ زا ﺐ 46 / 214 ﻪﺑ 21 / 218 و ﺪﺻرد 57 / 195 ﻪﺑ 64 / 204
اﺰﻓا ﺪﺻرد ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . ﮕﺑآ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﯿﺮ
ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي دﺪﺠﻣ مﺪﻨﮔ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏﺸﺧ رد هﺪﺷ ﻦﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي ﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد ﯿ
ﺐ 57
/ 207 و ﺪﺻرد 69
/ 187 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد .
ﮕﺑآ ﺮﺘﻣارﺎﭘ ﺮﻈﻧ زا ﯿﺮ
ي
ﺑ دﺪﺠﻣ ﯿ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻦ ﺎﻫ ي ﺗ ﯿ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤ تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ
5 ﻗد ﯿ و ﻪﻘ
ﮏﺸﺧ رد هﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ ﻦﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي فﻼﺘﺧا ،خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد
رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ي ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ )
05 /0
>
.(p
Fig 6 Effect of different ultrasound pretreatment on the rehydration of dried wheat sprouts (HA=Hot-air dryer; IR=Infrared dryer).
Different letters above the columns indicate significant difference (p<0.05)
4 - ﺘﻧ ﯿ ﻪﺠ ﮔﯿ ﺮ ي
ا رد ﯾ ﭘ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦ ﯿ
ﺶ ﺗﯿ ﺳ ﺮﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ ﯿﺘﻨ
ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏ ندﺮﮐ
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي مﺪﻨﮔ ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻦﮐ ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي درﻮﻣ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ و غاد
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ .
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نﺪﺷ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز رد ﺎﻫ
ﮏﺸﺧ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ ي غاد 8/
150 ﻗد ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ رد و ﻪﻘ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ
0/
28 ﻗد ﯿ دﻮﺑ ﻪﻘ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﺶ ﯿ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻔﺻ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ 5
ﻗد ﯿ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻪﻘ ﯾ
ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ اﺮﺑ
ي
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ مﺪﻨﮔ ﻦﮐ
ﺎﻫ ي اﻮﻫ ي و غاد
اﺰﻓا خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﯾ
ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ ﺶ ﺗ نﺎﻣز ﯿ ﺮﻔﺻ زا تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ رﺎﻤ
ﻪﺑ 5 ﻗد ﯿ دﺮﮔ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ،ﻪﻘ ﯾ
ﻪﮐ ﺪ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ اﺮﺑ
ي
ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ ﺎﻫ ي ﮏﺸﺧ رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ زا خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ ﻦﮐ
m2s-1
10 -
10
× 5/
9 ﻪﺑ m2s-1
10
10-
× 5/
10 اﺰﻓا ﯾ ﺶ ﯾ ﺖﻓﺎ . اﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ ﯾ نﺎﻣز ﺶ
ﻪﺑ تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ لﺎﻤﻋا 10
و 15 ﻗد ﯿ ،ﻪﻘ ﺮﺿ ﯾ ﺖﺑﻮﻃر ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ذﻮﻔﻧ ﺐ
ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﯾ ﺘﻧ رد و ﺖﻓﺎ ﯿ
ﻪﺠ ﮏﺸﺧ نﺎﻣز ﻧﻻﻮﻃ ندﺮﮐ
ﯽ ﺪﺷ ﺮﺗ . نﺎﻣز
ﮏﺸﺧ شور و تﻮﺻاﺮﻓ جاﻮﻣا لﺎﻤﻋا ﺛﺄﺗ ندﺮﮐ
ﯿ ﻨﻌﻣ ﺮ ﯽ راد ي ﺮﺑ
ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ﺎﻫ
. ﮕﺑآ ﯿﺮ ي ﻪﻧاﻮﺟ دﺪﺠﻣ ﺎﻫ
ي مﺪﻨﮔ
ﮏﺸﺧ ﮏﺸﺧ رد هﺪﺷ اﻮﻫ ﻦﮐ
ي ﺑ غاد ﯿ ﮏﺸﺧ زا ﺮﺘﺸ ﻦﮐ
دﻮﺑ خﺮﺳوﺮﻓ .
5 - راﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ي
ﺎﭘ زا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯾ
نﺎ ﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ ﯽ
ﺪﺷرا
ﮐ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﯿﻔ
ﯽ اﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ ﯾ ﯽ ﻤﺳ ﻢﻧﺎﺧ رﺎﮐﺮﺳ ﯿ
ﻣا اﺮ ﯿ ﻦ ﺖﺳا صﻼﺧا
. ﻮﻧ ﯾ ﺎﻤﺣ زا نﺎﮔﺪﻨﺴ ﯾ
ﻟﺎﻣ ﺖ ﯽ ﻮﻨﻌﻣ و ي ﺖﻧوﺎﻌﻣ
مﺮﺘﺤﻣ ﺸﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽ ﻠﻋﻮﺑ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽ
ﺳ ﯿ ﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﮑﺸﺗ ﺎﻨ ﯽ
ﻣ ﯽ ﺎﻤﻧ ﯾ ﺪﻨ .
6 - ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ
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Effect of ultrasonic waves and drying method on the moisture loss kinetics and rehydration of sprouted wheat
Amin Ekhlas, S. 1; Pajohi-Alamoti, M. R. 2*; Salehi, F. 3
1. MSc Student, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2. Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
3. Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
ABSTRACT ARTICLE INFO
Article History:
Received 2023/ 03/ 06 Accepted 2023/ 05/ 01
Keywords:
Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient,
Hot-air, Infrared, Page model, Wheat sprout.
In this research, the effect of ultrasound time and dryer type (hot-air and infrared) on the drying time, effective moisture diffusivity coefficient and rehydration of wheat sprouts were investigated and drying kinetics were modeled. To apply ultrasound pre- treatment, the sprouts were placed inside the ultrasonic bath machine for 0, 5, 10, and 15 minutes, and after leaving the machine and removing extra moisture, the samples in thin layers were placed in the hot-air (with a temperature of 70°C) and infrared (power of 250 W) dryers. The results showed that sonication up to 5 minutes, causes an increase in moisture removal rate from the sprouts, an increase in the effective moisture diffusivity coefficient, and as a result, reduces the drying time. By increasing sonication time from zero to 5 min, the average drying time of sprouts in the hot-air and infrared dryers decreased from 126.7 min to 120.0 min, and from 25.7 min to 21.3 min, respectively. The average drying time of the samples in the hot-air dryer was 150.8 min and in the infrared dryer was 28.0 min. Also, the average effective moisture diffusivity coefficient calculated for the samples placed in the hot- air dryer was equal to 1.65×10-10 m2s-1 and for the infrared dryer it was equal to 8.59×10-10 m2s-1. The time of ultrasound and drying treatment had significant effects on the rehydration of samples, and the value of this parameter was higher for samples dried in the hot-air dryer. In order to investigate the drying kinetics of wheat sprouts, mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data, and the Page model with two parameters (k and n) was chosen as the best model based on the highest accuracy. Generally, 5 minutes pre-treatment by ultrasound and then using an infrared dryer is the best condition for drying wheat sprouts.
DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.19.135.159
DOR: 20.1001.1.20088787.1402.20.135.13.9
*Corresponding Author E-Mail:
Journal of Food Science and Technology (Iran)
Homepage:www.fsct.modares.ir
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