ﺮﺸﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻲ
, ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۳ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴ , ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۸ , ﻪﺤﻔﺻ ﺯﺍ ۵۱۱ ﺎﺗ ۵۱۸ ٥١١
ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﮏﻳ ﻭ
ﺁﺛ ﺎ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺭ
ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ
ﺕﺎﻴﻋﺮﺷ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ
۱*
ﻲﺠﻨﮔ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ﻭ
۲
ﺭﻮﭘ
ﺸﻧﺍﺩ
۱ﮏﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﺭﺎﻴ -
ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻲﺳﻮﻃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﻴﺼﻧ
ﻪﺟﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﻩﺎﮕﺸﻧﺍﺩ - ﮏﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺪﺷﺭﺍ ﻲ ﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺭﺎﮐ ﻪﺘﺧﻮﻣﺁ ﺶﻧﺍﺩ
۲ﻲﺳﻮﻃ ﻦﻳﺪﻟﺍﺮﻴﺼﻧ
) ﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭ ۵ / ۸ / ۸۶ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺡﻼﺻﺍ ﺖﻳﺍﻭﺭ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺭﺩ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ، ۳۱
/ ۴ / ۸۸ ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺗ ، ۲۵
/ ۶ / ۸۸ (
ﻩﺪﻴﻜﭼ
ﺑ ﺎﺑ ،ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪ
ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﺭﺎﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ
ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺳ
ﻠﻣ ﻲ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻭ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺵﻼﺗ ، ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺍﺪﻴﭘ ، ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴ
ﻲﻳ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻱ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ
ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ،
ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ . ﺵﻼﺗ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮـﺧ ﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻮـﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺰـﻠﻓ ﺮﭙـﺳ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎـﺟ ﺮـﺛﺍ ﺭﺩ ،
ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﺖﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑGMT
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻑﺪﻫ ﻭ ﻱﺯﺮﻣ ﻂﻳﺍﺮﺷ ، ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﻣ ﺆ ﻡﺮـﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺛ ﺭﺍﺰـﻓﺍ
PAM-CRASH ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺖﻗﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻥﺁ ﺯﺍ ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ،
ﻱ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮـﺧ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﻩﺍﺮـﻤﻫ ﻪـﺑ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ،ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻥﺎﻴﻣ ﺕﻻﺎﺼﺗﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﻱﺍ
ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺰﺟﺍ ،ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺍ
، ﻭ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺩﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺀ
ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ، ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ .
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﻱﺪﻴﻠﮐ ﻱﺎﻫ :
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ
، ،ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻝﺪﻣ PAMCRASH
ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ،ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻣ،
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﮎﺯﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻥﺩﺮﮐ
ﻕﺭﻭ ﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻭﺭ
ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﻱ
ﺪﺟ ﻳ ﺪ ﮏﺒﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﺑ
ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪـﻧﺪ ﻑﺮـﺼﻣ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ
ﻦﻴـﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻲـﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ،ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻭ ﺖﺧﻮﺳ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻱﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ ﺖـﻴﻤﻫﺍ ،ﻲﻟﻮـﻃ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ .
ﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
، ﺐﻠﻏﺍ
ﻱﺭﻮـﺌﺗ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﻱ ﺩﻭﺪـﺤﻣ ﻥﺎـﻤﻟﺍ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻳ ﻡﺮﻧ ﻖ ﻩﮋـﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﻲـﻣ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺍ ﺩﻮـﺷ
.
ﺍﺮﻓ ﻳ ﺪﻨ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺯﺎﺳ ﻱ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻭ ﻴ ﻞ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻟﻮﻃ ﻲ
، ﺮﺑ
ﺎﭘ ﻳ ﺭﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﻪ ﻳ ﻢﺘ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻲ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺬـﭘ ﻳ ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮ ] ۱ [.
ﺹﺍﻮـﺧ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻭ ﺎﻫ
ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ، ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﺱﻮﻜﻌﻣ ﻲﺳﺪﻨﻬﻣ ﺵﻭﺭ ﺎﺑ ﻭ
ﺯﺍ ﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻳ ﺶ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻳﺁ
ـﻨ ﺪ ] ۲ [ . ﻝﺎـﺒﻧﺩ ﺎـﺑ ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﺮـﮐ
ﻥﺩ
ﻭﺭ ﻳ ﺎﻫﺩﺍﺪ ﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻲ ﺵﻭﺭ ، ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺪـﻋ ﻱ ﻝﺍﺮـﮕﺘﻧﺍ ﮔ ـﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﻲ
ﻨﻤﺿ ﻲ ﺮﺻ ﻭ ﻳ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﺢ ﻱ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺋﺍﺭﺍ ﺪـﻧﺍ ] ۳ .[
ﺍ ﺭﺩ ـﻳ ،ﻁﺎـﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻦ
ﺭﻮﺌﺗ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱ
ﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻴ ـﺴ ﻴ ﻭ ﻪﺘ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻡﺎـﮕﻨﻫ ﻪـﺑ ﻥﺩﺮـﮐ
ﺮﺗﺎﻣ ﻳ ﺲ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻏ ﻴ ﻄﺧ ﺮ ﻲ ﺘﺨﺳ ﻲ ﻧ ﻭ ﻴ ﻧ ﻭﺮ ﻴ ﺰ ﺮﭘ ﻤﻫﺍ ـﻴ ﺖ ﺖـﺳﺍ .
ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻥﻮـﻣﺯﺁ ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻥﻮﻣﺯﺁ ﺕﺍﺰﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﮋﻳﻭ ﻪﺑ ﻱ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﻦﻳﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
، ﺵﻭﺭ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻲﺗﺎﺒـﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
، ﻪـﺑ ﻥﻭﺮـﻘﻣ
ﻪﻓﺮﺻ ﺮﺗ ﻩﺩﺎـﺳ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻡﺯﻻ ﻲﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮـﺗ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
، ﻡﺮﻧ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺪﻳﺪﭘ ﻲﻳﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻚـﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ
، ﺎﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ
ﻐﺗ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺮﻴﻴ
ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ،ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ
ﺖﺳﺍ ] ۷ - ۴ [.
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺔﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ
،ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ PAM-CRASH ﺖﺳﺍ
ﻪﻛ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻥﺁ ﻱﺎـﻫ ﺮـﺑ ﺵﻭﺭ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱ ﺭﺍﻮﺘﺳﺍ ﺢﻳﺮﺻ ﻲﻄﺧﺮﻴﻏ ﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﺪﻧ
.
ﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺮﺜﻛﺍ ﻪﻜﻨﻳﺍ ﻳ
ﻲ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺶﻘﻧ
ﻮﺘـﺳﺍ ﻊـﻄﻘﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﺘـﺳﻮﭘ ﺎﻳ ﻕﺭﻭ ﻡﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ، ﻪﻧﺍ
ﺎـﻳ ﻱﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺩﺍﺪﺘﻣﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻪﺑﺮﺿ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺵﻮﮔﺭﺎﻬﭼ ،ﺪـﻫﺩ
ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺎﻫ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﻭ ،ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺐـﻠﻏﺍ
ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ] ۱۱ - ۸ [ ﻞـﻣﺎﮐ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ﻭ
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻪـﺘﺧﺍﺩﺮﭘ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ .
ﻮـﻠﺟ ﺮﭙـﺳ ،ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮـﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻱ
ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﻱﺯﺎـﺳﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﺖـﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺳ ﻱﺎﻫﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﺒـﺳﺎﻨﻣ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ]
۱۲ .[
ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﻌﺳ
ﻪـﻴﻠﮐ ﻱﺯﺎـﺴﻟﺪﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﺗ
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻭﺭﻮﺧ ﮏﻳ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻱ ﻱﺭﺍﻮﺳ ـﻠﻣ ﻲ ـﺑ ﻪ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ PAMCRASH
، ﺛﺍ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺮ ﻱ ﻥﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺷ ﻩﺪ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ ﻭ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
، ﺒﻬﺑ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﺩﻮ
ﺩﻮﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺮﺑ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ECE12
، ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻩﺯﺎـﺳ ﻲــﻳﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﻭ ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺭﺍﺮـﻗ
ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺪــﻣ ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻱﺍ .
ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﺛﺍ ،ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻮﻠﺟ
ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎـﮐ ﺮﭙـﺳ ﺎﺑ
٥١٢
ﺮﺸﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻲ
, ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۳ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴،
ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۸
GMT۱
ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻭ
ــﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎــﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺰــﻠﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﭙــﺳ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻪ
ﺪــﻧﺍ . ﺵﻭﺭ
ﻝﺍﺮﮕﺘﻧﺍ ﮔﻴ ﺮ ﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﻲ ﺘﺧﺍ ﻴ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺭﺎ ﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ ـﻴ ﻞ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﻧﺎـﻣﺯ ﻲ
، ﺯﺍ
ﻨﻤﺿ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻲ ) ﻪﺘﺳﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﻣﻴ ﻧﺎ ﻲ (
ﺮﺗﺎـﻣ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮـﺑ ﻳ
ﺲ ﺎـﻫ ﻱ ﺮـﻴﻏ
ﻲﻄﺧ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻫ ﮋﻧﺍﺮﮔﻻ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻪﺑ
، ﻪﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﮕﻨﻫ ﺪﻧﺍ
] ۳ [ .
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺩﺎـﻣﺁ ﻲـﺣﺍﺮﻃ ﺶﺨﺑ ﮏﻳ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﺍﺪﺘﺑﺍ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ
ﻣ ﻥﺎﮔﺪﻨــﺴﻳﻮﻧ ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ ﺲﭙــﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻡﺮــﻧ ﺭﺩ ،ﻪــﻟﺎﻘ
ﺭﺍﺰــﻓﺍ
Hypermesh
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺡﻼـﺻﺍ ﻭ ﻞﻴﻤﮑﺗ .
ﻲﻳﺎـﻬﻧ ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺭﺩ
ﻞﻜــﺷ ) ۱ ( ﻩﺪــﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎــﺸﻧ ﺖــﺳﺍ
. ﻖــﺒﻃ ،ﻝﺪــﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ECE12
، ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ
ﺐﻠـﺻ ﺭﺍﻮـﻳﺩ ﻚـﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺎـﺑ
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ۴۸ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠﻴﻛ ﻪﻴﺒﺷ
ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﻲـﻣ ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﻱﻭﺎﺣ ﻪﮐ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﻤﻫ
ﻪـﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﺮـﻳﺯ
ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﻭﺭﺩﻮـﺧ ﻱﺎـﻫ :
ﺴﻴﺳ ﻭ ﻪـﻳﻮﻬﺗ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ،ﻥﺎـﻣﺮﻓ ﻢﺘـﺴﻴﺳ ،ﺕﺭﺪـﻗ ﻝﺎـﻘﺘﻧﺍ ﻢﺘ
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻪـﻛ ﻲـﻳﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺎـﻬﻨﺗ ،ﺖـﺳﺍ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
،
ﺍﺪـﻴﭘ ﻞﻜـﺷ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﻲـﻳﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻑﺬﺣ ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺪﻧ ﻲﻤﻬﺳ ﻲﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
، ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ
، ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺐﻠﺻ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﺐـﻠﻏﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺪﻧﺍ
. ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺵﻼـﺗ ﻪﮑﻧﺁ ﻦﻤﺿ
ﺟﺍ ﻡﺮﺟ ﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺀﺍﺰ
ﺄـﺗ ﻲـﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻦﻴﻣ
ﺩﻮـﺷ . ﻥﺍﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻡﺮﺟ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱ
،ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ١٦٣
ﻴﮐ ﻭ ﻡﺮﮔﻮـﻠ
،ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻞﮐ ﻡﺮﺟ ١٠٢٨
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻡﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﮐ .
ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻭ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻣ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ .
ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ ﻪـﺑ ﺎـﻫﺮﻳﺎﺗ ﻥﺎـﻤﻟﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﺸﻏ ﻢﻫ ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻲﺘﺨﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺩﺎﺠﻳﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻱﺯﺭﺍ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻝﺪﻣ
، ﺖﺨـﺳ ﻝﺎـﺼﺗﺍ ﻪﻠﻴـﺳﻭ ﻪـﺑ ﺵﻮـﺟ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ
ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻞﻜﺷ ١ . ﻝﺪﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ .
ﺮﭙﺳ ﻪـﺸﻴﺷ ﻑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍGMT
ﺎﺑ ﻩﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﻝﻮﻃ ۱۲ ﺎﺗ ۲۵ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺯﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﺮﺘﻣ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻁﻮﻠﺨﻣ ﻢﻈﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ، .
ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭﺭ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﮏـﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺁ ﻲﮑﻴﻧﺎﮑﻣ ﺹﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺹﺍﻮﺧ )
۱ (
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ .
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﺑGMT ﻞﮑﺷ ﻕﺭﻭ ﻑﺎـﻴﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻣﺪﻴﭼ ﻱﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺎﺑ ﮎﺯﺎﻧ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻢـﻫﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻴﭼ ﻪﻳﻻ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ،ﻪﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ ﺯﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﮏـﺗ ،
ﻱﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺒﻴﮐﺮﺗ ﺎﻳ ﻪﺘﻬﺟ ﻳ
ﻩﺪﺷﺩﺎ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ، ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
. ﺮﭙـﺳ
GMT ﺯﺍ ۳ ﺎﺗ ۴ ﻕﺭﻭ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻳﻻ ،ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺩﺮﺧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻑﺎﻴﻟﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﺭﺩ ﺖـﺤﺗ
ﻲـﻣ ﺱﺮـﭘ ﺕﺭﺍﺮـﺣ ﺪﻧﻮـﺷ
،
ﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﻲ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻲﻣ ﻖﻳﺭﺰﺗ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻊﻳﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺯﺭ ﻩﺮﻔﺣ ﺎﺗ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺮﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺮﭘ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ
،
ﺩﺮـﻴﮕﺑ ﺩﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﺐـﻟﺎﻗ ﻞﮑـﺷ .
ﺏﻭﺫ
ﻦﻳﺭﺯ ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺯﺎﺑ ﺖﻴﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﻭ ﻥﺎﺳﺁ ﻥﺪﺷ
ﮏﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﻱﺎـﻫ
، ﻭﺩ
ﻦﻳﺭﺯ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻤﻋ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﺖﻌﻨﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺎﻫ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ
ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺏﻮﻴﻋ ﺲﻧﺍﺮﻠﺗ ﻖﻴﻗﺩ ﺖﻳﺎﻋﺭ ﺭﺩ ﺖﻳﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﺎـﻫ
ﺩﺮﮐ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ] ۱۲ .[
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۱ : ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻫ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﭙﺳ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻱﺎ .
Material E(GPa) n Sy(MPa) r
(
kg m3)
Steel
200 0.3 700 7850
GMT 12 0.41 230 1280
ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ
ﻲﻠﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻭ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺳﺎﻤﺗ ﺡﻮﻄﺳ
ﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻞﻜ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻁﺎﻘﻧ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ
ﻧ ﻭ ـﻴ ﺰ ﺡﻮﻄـﺳ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﻭ ﺐﻠﺻ ﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﻳ
ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮـﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺐﻠﺻ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲ
ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ
، ﻲﻣ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺹﺎﺼﺘﺧﺍ ﺮﺛﺍ ﻲﺑ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ ﺷ
ﺩﻮ . ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺖﻳﺰﻣ
ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺍ
ﻥﺎـﻤﻟﺍ ﻲـﻠﺧﺍﺩ ﻱﺎـﻫﻭﺮﻴﻧ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳ ﺎـﻫ
ﻧ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻩﺪﺸ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﻑﺮـﺻ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ .
ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻚﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻣ
ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺱﺎـﺳﺍ ﺮـﺑ ﻩﺩﺎـﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺔﺘﻴـﺴﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ
ﻥﺪـﺷ ﺖﺨـﺳ
ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺰﺴﻴﻣ ﻥﻭ ﻚﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﻙﺯﺎـﻧ ﺔﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻒـﻳﺮﻌﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻪﻤﻫ ﻥﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﺳﻮﭘ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﻧﺍ . ﻲﮔﮋﻳﻭ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻩﺩﺎـﻣ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻲﻋﺎـﺠﺗﺭﺍ
ﺐـﺴﺣ ﺮـﺑ ﻞـﻣﺍﻮﻋ
ﻲﻋﺎـﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻣ E
ﻲـﺷﺮﺑ ﻝﻭﺪـﻣ ، ﻥﻮـﺳﺍﻮﭘ ﺐﻳﺮـﺿ ،G
ﻭn
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻕﺭﻭt
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﻮﺷ ﻧﺪ .
ﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺹﺍﻮﺧ ﻮ
ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ
ﻝﺪـﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻲـﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻱﺯﺎـﺳ
ﺶﻨﺗ - ﺍﻮﻣ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻭ ﺩ
ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻪﭽﻧﺁ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
) ۲ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ،ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ) ۲ ( ، ﻭE sy
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻭ ﻲﻋﺎﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﻝﻭﺪﻣ ،ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
،ﻪـﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﻢﻴﻠـﺴﺗ E1
ﻭ s1
،ﻩﺮـﻴﻏ ﻭ ﺶﻨــﺗ ﻭ ﻲـﺳﺎﻤﻣ ﻝﻭﺪـﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻢﻴﻠﺴﺗ .
ﺑ ﺑﺎﻨ ﺮ ﻲﺳﺎﻤﻣ ﻝﻭﺪﻣ ﻭﺩ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗ ﺎﺑ ،ﻦﻳﺍ E1
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱ
...
٥١٣
، E2
ﺶﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺆﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺮﺛ
s1
ﻭ s2
ﻞﻜـﺷ ﺭﺍﺩﻮـﻤﻧ ،
) ۲ ( ـﺑ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺹﺍﻮﺧ ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺩﻮ
. ﻦـﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺆـﻣ ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ ﺶﻨﺗ ،ﻪﻨﻴﻣﺯ ﺮﺛ
seff
ﺶﻨـﺗ ﺭﻮـﺴﻨﺗ ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ ﺮـﺑ
ﻲﻓﺍﺮﺤﻧﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻒﻳﺮﻌﺗs
ﺩﻮﺷ :
) ۱ (
( )
kk ijij
sij =s -13 s d
) ۲ (
ij ij eff = 32s s s
ﺆﻣ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺶﻧﺮﻛ ﻭ ﺮﺛ
ﻪﺑ ﺍﻳ ﺗﺮﺗ ﻦ ﻴ ﺐ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﻴﺑ ﺩﻮﺷ :
) ۳ ( dt
D
t D P
P ij ij P =
ò
0 2 3 e
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ،ﻥﺎﻣﺯt
ijP
D
ﻨﺗ ﺥﺮـﻧ ﻚﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ ﺀﺰﺟ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺭﻮـﺴ
،ﻞﻜﺷ sij
ﻭ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺭﻮﺴﻨﺗ dij
ﺮﻜﻴﻧﻭﺮﻛ ﻱﺎﺘﻟﺩ ﺖﺳﺍ
.
. ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻱﺯﺎﺳﻝﺪﻣ: ۲ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﻩﺩﺎﻣ GMT
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﺪﺷ ﻩﺭﺎﺷﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
، ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺩﺭﻮـﻣGMT
ﻦــﻳﺯﺭ ﺭﺩ ﻪــﺸﻴﺷ ﻩﺪــﺷ ﺩﺮــﺧ ﻑﺎــﻴﻟﺍ ﺯﺍ ،ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺳﻼﭘﻮﻣﺮﺗ ﮏﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗ ﻭﺰﻳﺍ ،ﻩﺩﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﮏﻴﺘ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺖﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻝﻮﻤﻌﻣ ﺭﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ
ﻮﺧ ﺯﺍ ﺩ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ، ﻳ ﻦ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻦـﻳﺍ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻪـﻧﻮﮔ
ﻡﺮﻧ ﺭﺍﺰﻓﺍ PAM-CRASH ﮏـﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﻲﮔﺪـﻧﺎﻣﺍﻭ ،
) ﺖـﺴﮑﺷ
ﺩﺮﺗ ( ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﺩﻮﺷ
. ﻪﺑ ﮏﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﺍﻳ
ﻦ
ﺗﺮﺗ ﻴ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺐ ] ۱۳ [:
) ۴ (
( )
] 0 1[ e s
s = -d P
ﻥﺁﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
، ،ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﺶﻨﺗ ﺭﻮﺴﻧﺎﺗ s
( )
Pde ﺮﻟﺎﮑﺳﺍ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ
،ﮏﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ eP
ﭘ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﻭ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼ s0
ﻲﺸﻨﺗ ﺭﻮﺴﻧﺎﺗ ﺖﺳﺍ
ﺮﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻢﮐﺎﺣ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ )
ﺭﺩ ﻥﻭﺪـﺑ
ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﺥﺮﻧ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺍ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ (
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ .
،ﮏﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺮﻟﺎﮑﺳﺍ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻊﺑﺎﺗ
( )
Pde ﺎـﺗ ﺮﻔـﺻ ﺯﺍ ، d1
ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺯﺎــــﺑ
1 P P
Pi e e
e £ £
ﺯﺍ ﻭ ، d1
ﺎــــﺗ
£1 du
ﻩﺯﺎــــﺑ ﺭﺩ
Pu P
P e e
e 1£ £ ﻲــﻣ ﺪــﺷﺭ
ﺪــﻨﮐ . ﻲﺗﺭﻮــﺻ ﺭﺩ ﺶﻧﺮــﮐ ﻪــﮐ
،ﺪـﻨﮐ ﺯﻭﺎـﺠﺗ ﻲﻳﺎـﻬﻧ ﮏﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ ﺐﻴـﺳﺁ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﺯﺍ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ
pu
p e
e >
،ﺪــﻧﺎﻣ ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﺖـﺑﺎﺛ ﮏــﻴﭘﻭﺮﺗﻭﺰﻳﺍ ﺐﻴـﺳﺁ ﻊﺑﺎـﺗ ،
( )
p dude = . ﻥﻮﻧﺎـﻗ ﺎـﺑ ﮏﻴﺘـﺳﻼﭘ ﻮﺘـﺳﻻﺍ ﻩﺩﺎـﻣ ﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﮔﺍ
ﻩﺩﺎـﺳ ﻲﻟﻮـﻃ ﺶﺸﮐ ،ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ
ﺪـﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻒﻴـﺻﻮﺗ ﺮـﺗ
ﺪﺷ ) ﻞﮑﺷ ۳ .(
[.١٣ ]ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺐﻴﺳﺁﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ: ٣ ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻞﮑﺷ ) ٣ ( ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ ﻥﻮﻧﺎﻗ ﻪﻳﺎﭘ
ﺁ
ﺶﺸﮐ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯ
ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺖﺳﺍ .
،ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺮﺑ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ
d1
ﺍﺭ ﻣ ﻲ ﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻥﺍﻮ ﺍﻳ ﻪﻄﺑﺍﺭ ﻦ
ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺩﺮﮐ :
) ٥ (
0 1
1 1 E E
d = -
ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ
0
1 E
E £ ﻲﻟﻭﺪﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﺶﻳﺎﻣﺯﺁ ﺭﺩ ﻪﮐ ﮏـﺗ
ﻱﺭﻮﺤﻣ ﺶﻧﺮﮐ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ e1
ﻲﻣ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻭ ﺪـﻳﺁ
E0
ﻝﻭﺪـﻣ
ﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﮏﻴﺘﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ،ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧ ﺐﻴﺳﺁ du
ﺯﺍ ﺮـﺘﻤﮐ ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ، ١
ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ .
ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ
، ﺕﺍﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻝﺪﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ
. ﻥﺎـﻤﻫ
ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻂﺑﺍﻭﺭ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻠﺒﻗ ﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻲ ﺓﺩﺎـﻣ ﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
ﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻮ ﻚﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ
، ﻲﻣ ،ﻲﻋﺎـﺠﺗﺭﺍ ﻝﻭﺪـﻣ ،ﻢﻴﻠـﺴﺗ ﺶﻨـﺗ ﻥﺍﻮـﺗ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻭ ﻥﻮﺳﺍﻮﭘ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
. ﺲﻨـﺟ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﻏﺍ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ﺎﻳ ﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺍﺭ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻡﺎﮑﺤﺘﺳﺍ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺄ
ﺮﻴﺛ
ﻣ ﺭﺍﺮﻗ ﻲ ﺪﻫﺩ ) ﺍﺮﺑ ﻱ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺀﺰﺟ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻱﺩﻻﻮﻓ
ﺑ ﺭﺎﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﺣ ﺎ
ﺀﺰﺟ ﻲﻣﻮﻴﻨﻴﻣﻮﻟﺁ (
ﻢﻫ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺮﮔﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻩﺩﺍﻮﻧﺎﺧ
)
ﻝﺎـﺜﻣ ﺭﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ
ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻕﺭﻭ
ﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺎ
ﻕﺭﻭ ﻡﺎﮑﺤﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﻱﺩﻻﻮﻓ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﺸﺸﮐ (
ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﺩﺮﻳﺬﭘ ، ﻭ ﺕﺍﺰـﻴﻬﺠﺗ ﻪـﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ
ﺱﺮﭘ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﻱﺎﻫ ﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﻤﺗ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ
ﻭ ﻩﺩﺍ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺵﻭﺭ ﻲﻠﺋﺎﺴﻣ
ﺍﺭ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﺖﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻲﭘ ﺭﺩ .
ﺭﺩ
٥١٤
ﺮﺸﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻲ
, ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۳ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴،
ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۸
ﺩﻮـﺟﻭ ﻩﺯﺎـﺳ ﻊﻃﺎـﻘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺎﮑﻣﺍ ،ﺹﺎﺧ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻝﺎﺣ ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻦﺘـﺴﻧﺍﺩ ﻪـﺑ ،ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺮﻫ ﺯﺍ ﺶﻴﭘ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺯﺎﻴﻧ
ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺍﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﻳ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻦ
ﻢﻴﺳﺮﺗ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱ
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ،ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ
ﺀﺍﺰـﺟﺍ
ﻭ ﺮﺗﺮﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺮﭙﺳ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ
ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ .
ﻲﻳﺍﺮﻴﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ،ﻲﻧﻮﻨﮐ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ
ﻩﺯﺎﺳ ،ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻱﺍ ۰۵ / ۰ ﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ]
۱۴ .[
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻤﮑﺗ ﻴ ﺍﺮﺷ ﻭ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻝﺪﻣ ﻞ ﻳ
ﺯﺮﻣ ﻂ ﻱ ،ﺗ ﻠﺤ ﻴ ﺭﺎـﺘﻓﺭ ﻞ
ﺍﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻱ
ﺖﻋﺮـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﺖـﺨﺗ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﺎﺑ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ٤٨
ﮐ ﻴ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻠ
،
ﻡﺮـﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘـﺳﺍ ﺎـﺑ ﺩﻭﺪـﺤﻣ ﻥﺎـﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺰـﻓﺍ
ﺮﻴﻏ ﺢﻳﺮـﺻ ﻲﻜﻴﻣﺎـﻨﻳﺩ ﻲـﻄﺧ PAM-CRASH 2000
ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ
ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻭ
ﻡﺮـﻧ ﺯﺍ ،ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻩﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺭﺍﺰـﻓﺍ
Hyper view
ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪ . ﻞﻜﺷ ) ٤ (
، ﻞﻜﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻠﮐ
ﻲ ﻭﺭﺩﻮـﺧ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ
ﺍﺭ ﻈﺤﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻫﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﺕﺎ ﻲ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﺪﻫﺩ .
(ﻒﻟﺍ)
(ﺏ)
ﻞﻜﺷ ۴ : ﻞﮑﺷ ﺔﻈﺤﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ) :
ﻒﻟﺍ ( ۱۵ ﻭ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ )
ﺏ ( ۶۰
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ .
ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﻭ ﻲـﺸﺒﻨﺟ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ،ﻲﺸﻧﺮﻛ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﻣﺯ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻛ )
٥ ( ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﺪﻧﺍ . ﺎـﺑ ﻪـﻛ ﻱﺩﻮﻤﻋ ﻁﻮﻄﺧ
start ﻭ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣend ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺎﺑ ﺮﻇﺎﻨﺘﻣ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﻱﺎـﻫ ٥ ﻭ ٥٠
ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺭﺩ ﺯﺍ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻱﺎﻫ ٥
ﺖـﻓﺍ ،ﻪـﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﺮﻳﺎﺗ ﺱﺎﻤﺗ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻥﺪﺷ ﻒﻠﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﻲﺸﺒﻨﺟ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺩﻭﺪــﺣ ﻪــﮐ ﺖــﺳﺍ ﻩﺩﺎــﺟ ﻭ ٢
/ ١ ﺯﺍ ﺪــﺻﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲــﺸﺒﻨﺟ ﻱﮊﺮــﻧﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﮑﺸﺗ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ٥ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻠﺻﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲ
ﻭﺭﺩﻮـﺧ
ﻥﺎـﻣﺯ ﺯﺍ ﺪـﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻩﺪـﺷ ﺯﺎـﻏﺁ ﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺎﺑ ٥٠
ﻪـﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ ﺯﺎـﻏﺁ ﺯﺍ
ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﻤﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻭﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﺍﺬﮔ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ ) ۶ ( ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻧﺎﮐ ، ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻱ ﻮﻠﺟ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﺎﻬﺘﻧﺍ ﻪﻈﺤﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ۷
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ،
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺍﺮﺑ
ﻱ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺍﺭ ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺪﻫﺩ
.
ﺯﺍ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﻮﺘﻧﺎﮐ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ )
۶ ( ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﻭ
) ۷ ( ﺯﺍ ﻪﺘﺳﺩ ﻥﺁ ، ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ
ﻪﻛ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺍﺭ
ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﻥﺍﻮﺗ .
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻱ
ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ
ﻞﮑﺷ ) ۸ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻲﺸﻧﺮﻛ ﻭﻲﺸﺒﻨﺟﻱﺎﻫﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ: ٥ ﻞﻜﺷ
(ﺏ)
ﻞﻜﺷ ۶ : ﺭﻮﺘﻧﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ .
ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻱﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ: ۷ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﻱ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻦﻴﺣ ﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻥﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱ
...
٥١٥
ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻩﺯﺎﺟﺍ ،ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﺐﻠﺻ ﻢﺴﺟ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻪﮑﻨﻳﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻪﺑ ﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﻞﮑﺷ ﻱ
ﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻪ
ﺍﺭ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ،ﺪﻫﺩ ﻞﮑﺷ
) ۸ ( ﻩﺩﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻩﺪﺷ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺒﺷﺍﺩ ﺓﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ،ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺩﺭﺍﺩ . ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻦﺘﻓﺮﮕﻧ ﺮﻈﻧ ﺭﺩ ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ،ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺭﺩ )
ﻝﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﺰﮐﺮﻤﺘﻣ ﻡﺮﺟ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ (
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ،
ﺑ ﻲﻘﻴﻗﺩ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻪ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ]
۶ .[
ﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺍﺰﺟ ﻞﮑﺷ
) ۸ ( ﻩﺩﺮﻛ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻪﻴﻘﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻧﺁ ، ﺪﻧﺍ
ﺏﺎﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﺍﺭ ﻩﺩﺮﮐ
ﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺍﺭ
ﻢﻴﻫﺩ . ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ
ﺩﺎﻳ ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻕﺭﻭ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺭﺩ ،ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺶﻴﭘ ،ﻩﺪﺷ
) ۲ ( ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻩﺩﺭﻭﺁ .
ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺍﺰﺟﺍ: ۸ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﺪﻧﺍ .
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ
، ﺏﺬـﺟ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻲـﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻪـﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻢﻳﺯﺍﺩﺮﭘ . ﻞﻜﺷ ) ۹ ( ﻱﺍﺮـﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺏﺬـﺟ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺩﺭﻮﺒﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻕﺭﻭ ﺪﻫﺩ
. ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻞﻜـﺷ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺭﻮﻃ )
۹ (
ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺷ
، ﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻕﺭﻭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﻩﺪﺷ
۷ / ۵
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺶﻳﺍﺰـﻓﺍ ﺮـﮕﻳﺩ ﺕﺭﺎـﺒﻋ ﻪـﺑ
،ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻕﺭﻭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ .
ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ۲ : ﺗﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﻪﻛ ﻲ .
ﺎﻬﻧ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﯽﯾ
) (mm
ﻟوا ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﯿ ﻪ
) (mm
مﺮﺟ
) (kg
ﻪﻌﻄﻗ مﺎﻧ 2/
1
09/ 10/6883 درﻮﺒﺷدا ﺮزﯾ قرو 5/
1
12/ /262372 ﺮﭙﺳﯽﺘﺸﭘ قرو
2
15/ 3/47047 درﻮﺒﺷداقرو
2
15/ 1/57032 ﯽﻟﻮﻃ ﺮﺗﯿ
2/
1
1 /258698 رﻮﺗﺎﯾداربﺎﻗ
ﻞﻜﺷ ) ۱۰ ( ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﮐ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻪﻛ ،ﺮﭙـﺳ ﻲﺘﺸﭘ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ۸
/ ۶ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺯﺍ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺮﻳﺩﺎﻘﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺒـﺷﺍﺩ ﻕﺭﻭ
ﺭﺩ ﻞﻜـﺷ ) ۱۱ ( ،
ﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲ ﺩﻮـﺷ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺏﺬـﺟ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﻪـﻛ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ
، ۵
ﺖـﺳﺍ ﻪﺘـﺷﺍﺩ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺎـﻨﺑ ،ﻦﻴ ﺮـﺑ
ﻞﻜﺷ ) ۱۲ ( ﺯﺍ ﺲـﭘ ﻲـﺳﺎﺷ ﺏﺎـﻗ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ،
ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ۲
/ ۲ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﺻﺭﺩ .
ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ﻭ ﺶﻴﭘ ،ﺩﺭﻮﺒﺷﺍﺩ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻕﺭﻭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ: ۹ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﻳ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶ .
ﻭ ﺶﭘﻴ ،ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﺘﺸﭘ ﺔﻌﻄﻗ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ: ۱۰ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ
ﻳ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶ .
ﺯﺍﺲﭘ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺩﺭﻮﺒﺷﺍﺩﻕﺭﻭ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ : ۱۱ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ .
ﺩﺭﺍﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳﺍ ﺱﺎﺳﺍ ﺮﺑ ،ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﻮﺳ ﺯﺍ ECE12
ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
ﻭ ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻚﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ
٥١٦
ﺮﺸﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻲ
, ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۳ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴،
ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۸
ﻲﻘﻓﺍ
، ﺯﺍ ﺪﻳﺎﺒﻧ ۱۲۷ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﺠﺗ ﺮﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺯﻭﺎ . ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ
،ﺀﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﺴﺣﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﻣ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻲﻣ ﺱﺎ
ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻞﻜﺷ ﻱﺎﻫ
) ۱۳ ( ﻭ ) ۱۴ ( ﻚﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ ﺍﺭ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻲﻣ ﻥﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ
ﺪﻫﺩ . ﺭﺩ
ﺄﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﻡﺎﮔ ﺎﺑ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﻴﺛ
ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻝﺪﻣ ،ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﻞﺧﺍﺪﺗ ﺯﺍ ﻱﺮﻴﮔﻮﻠﺟ ﻭ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﮏﻳ ،ﻪﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺕﺎﺼﺨﺸﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺍﺭ ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺎﺑ
ﮏﻳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺭ ﺭﺎﺑ
ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻨﮐ
ﻴ ﻢ . ﺀﺰﺟ ﻦﻴﻟﻭﺍ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻥﻮﭼ
ﻲﻣ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﻧﺪﺑ ﺯﺍ ﺲﭘ ،ﺪﻨﮐ
٣٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ
ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﻥﺁ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ،ﺪﻌﺑ ﺕﺎﻈﺤﻟ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺪﺷ ﺪﻫﺍﻮﺧ
ﻱ
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻣﺍﺩﺍ ﺍﺭ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﺪﻌﺑ ﺪﻨﻫﺩ
. ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ،ﻭﺭ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ
ﺗ ﻲﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﺄ ﻣ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﺮﻴﺛ ﺕﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﺮﭙﺳ ﺩﺍﻮ
٣٠ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ﻪﻴﻧﺎﺛ .
ﺰﻴﻣ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻭﺩ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ
ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ،ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ )
۱۵ ( ﻱﺍﺮﺑ
ﻥﺎﻣﺯ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﻱﺎﻫ .
ﻞﮑﺷ ) ۱۵ ( ﻥﺎﺸﻧ
ﻲﻣ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻫﺩ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺍ ﺎﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻱﺩﺎﻳﺯ
ﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻱ ﻪﮐ
ﻦﻳﺍ ﻉﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺩﺍﻮﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺯﺍ ﻲﺷﺎﻧ ﺪﻧﺍﻮﺗ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻼﭘ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺪﻨﺳﺭ
.
ﻮﻠﺟ (ﺏﺎﻗ) ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺮﻴﺗ ﻩﺪﺷ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ: ۱۲ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ .
ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻚﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ: ۱۳ ﻞﻜﺷ
ﻖﻓﺍ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ .
ﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﻭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﭽﺨﻳﺭﺎﺗ
ﭙﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻭﺩ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻪﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮ
ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ ) ۱۶ ( ﻭ ) ۱۷ ( ﻩﺪﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺪﻧﺍ
.
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻲﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﺩﻮﺷ
ﻭ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﻨﻴﺸﻴﺑ ﺭﺍﺪﻘﻣ ،
ﺮﭙﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺩ ،ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﺩﻭﺯ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﻲﻣ ﻱﻭﺭ ﺮﺗ
ﺪﻫﺩ .
ﻞﻜﺷ ۱۴ : ﻥﺎﻣﺮﻓ ﻥﻮﺘﺳ ﺫﻮﻔﻧ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﺸﻧﺮﺳ ﻚﻗﺎﺗﺍ ﻪﺑ
ﻢﺋﺎﻗ ﻱﺎﺘﺳﺍﺭ ﺭﺩ
ﻞﮑﺷ ۱۵ : ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ
ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ
ﻭ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ
.
ﻞﮑﺷ ۱۶ : ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ
ﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣ
ﻲﺘ .
ﺳﺭﺮﺑ ﻲ ﻮﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱ
...
٥١٧
ﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻣﺁ ﺖﺳﺩ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻳﺁ
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﮐ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺮﭙﺳ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﺮﺗﺪﻨﻣﺩﻮﺳ ،ﺖﺳﺍ ﮏﻴﺘﺳﻻﺍ
ﻩﺩﻮﺒﻧ ﺡﺮﻄﻣ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ،ﻲﻨﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎﺟ
، ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻋ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
،ﻪﻨﻳﺰﻫ ،ﻱﺭﺍﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻭ ﺮﻴﻤﻌﺗ ،ﻥﺩﻮﺑ ﻞﻴﮑﺷ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻱﺩﺪﻌﺘﻣ
ﺷ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻂﻳﺍﺮ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞﻴﺧﺩ ﻥﺁ ﺭﺩ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﮕﻳﺩ ﻱﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻭ
.
ﻭﺩ ﻱﺍﺮﺑ ﻩﺪﻨﻧﺍﺭ ﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻞﺤﻣ ﺏﺎﺘﺷ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ: ۱۷ﻞﮑﺷ
ﻭ ﻱﺰﻠﻓ ﺮﭙﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﻱ ﻲﺘﻳﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎﮐ ﺮﭙﺳ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻮــﻠﺟ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭﻮــﺧﺮﺑ ﻞــﻴﻠﺤﺗ ،ﻪــﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦــﻳﺍ ﺭﺩ ﻱ
ﻝﺪــﻣ ﮏــﻳ
ﻡﺎـﺠﻧﺍ ﻞـﻣﺎﮐ ﻱﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺪـﺷ
. ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ ﺯﺍ ،ﻪـﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻱﺎﻫﺩﺭﻭﺎﺘـﺳﺩ
ــﺟﺍ ﻲﻳﺎــﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﺍﺰ
ﻱ ﺭﺩ ﺏﺎــﺨﺘﻧﺍ ﻱﺍﺮــﺑ ﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ ﺖــﻴﻤﻫﺍ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ
ﺶﻫﻭﮋﭘ ﻲﺗﺁ ﻱﺎﻫ ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ ﺖﺳﺍ . ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ـﺑ ﻪ ،ﻩﺪـﻣﺁ ﺖـﺳﺩ
ﺩﻮﺒﻬﺑ ﻱ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻲﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻱﺍﺯﺍ ﺭﺩ
ﺍﺰﺟﺍ ﻱ ﻲـﻣ ﺭﺎﮑﺷﺁ ،ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﺪـﻨﻨﮐ
. ﻕﺭﻭ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ
،ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻱﺍﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺓﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ،ﺶﺗﺁ
ﺑ ﺖﻓﺍ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ ﺎ
ﺖﺳﺍ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ
، ﻲﻟﻭ ﻩﺭﺎﺑﺭﺩ ﺓﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ،ﺶﺗﺁ ﻱﮊﺮـﻧﺍ ﺏﺬـﺟ ﺶﻳﺍﺰﻓﺍ
ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻣ .
ﺗﺎﻌﻄﻗ ﺪـﻳﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﺮﻳﺯ ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲ
ﺎﻔﻳﺍ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﻨﮐ
ﻪﮐ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺐﻠﻄﻣ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﺑﺎ ﻪﻌﻄﻗ ﺲﻨﺟ ﻭ ﺖﻣﺎﺨﺿ ﺄﺗ
ﻩﺪﺸﻧ ﻦﻴﻣ
،ﺖﺳﺍ ﻞـﺤﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮑﻠﺑ
ﺰﻴﻧ ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﻝﻮﻃ ﻭ ﺐﺼﻧ ﻡﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ ،ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻣ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺩﻮﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑﺍﻭ
ﻦﻴـﭼ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺎﻳ ﻊﻄﻘﻣ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺮﮕﺘﻳﺍﺪـﻫ ﻱﺎـﻫ
،ﻩﺪﺷ ﺩﺎﻳ ﻱﺎﻫﺮﻴﺗ ﻝﻮﻃ ﺭﺩ ،ﻞﮑﺷ ﺖﺳﺍ
. ﺕﺎـﻌﻄﻗ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﭼ ﺮﻫ
،ﺭﻮــﺗﻮﻣ ﻪــﻈﻔﺤﻣ ﻥﻭﺭﺩ ،ﺭﻮــﺗﻮﻣ ﺮــﻳﺯ ﻲﻟﻮــﻃ ﻱﺎــﻫﺮﻴﺗ ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ
ﻲﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ﺪﻨﻧﺍﻮﺗ ﻩﺪـﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺩﺭﻮﺧﺮﺑ ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻱﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ
ﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷﺍﺩ ﻨ ﺪ
، ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻪﺑ ﺭﻮﺗﻮﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻥﺍﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺐﻠﺻ
ﺪﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﺩﻭﺪﺤﻣ .
،ﻞﻴﻟﺩ ﻦﻴﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ ﻥﺍﺰـﻴﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻧﺍﺪـﻨﭼ ﺮـﻴﻴﻐﺗ
ﻱﮊﺮﻧﺍ ﺏﺬﺟ
،ﻲﻟﻮﻃ ﺮﻴﺗ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺯﺍ ﺪﻌﺑ ﻭ ﻞﺒﻗ
ﺭﺎﮑـﺷﺁ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ
ﻲﻤﻧ ﺩﻮﺷ . ﻲﻣ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﺭﺩ ﺍﻮﺗ
ﻥ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻦﻳﺍ ﺩﺮـﻛ ﻱﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻱﺯﺎﺳ
ﺩﺍﻮـﻣ ﻭ ﺖﻣﺎﺨـﺿ ،ﻲـﺳﺪﻨﻫ ﻡﺮـﻓ ﺕﺎـﻌﻄﻗ
ﺍﺪﻓ ﻣﺍ ﺕﺭﻮﺻ ﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻩﺪﻧﻮﺷ
ﻞـﺤﻣ ﺭﺩ ﺕﺎـﻌﻄﻗ ﺐـﺼﻧ ﻥﺎﻜ ﻱﺎـﻫ
ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﺮﺗ
، ﻭﺭﺩﻮﺧ ﺭﺎﺘﻓﺭ ،ﺩﺭﻮـﺧﺮﺑ ﺭﺩ
ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ﻱﺯﺎـﺴﻬﺑ ﺖـﺳﺍ .
ﻥﺎﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
ﻲـﻣ ﻩﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺍﺩﻮﻤﻧ ﺯﺍ ﻪﻛ ﺩﻮـﺷ
، ﻪـﻛ ﻲﺗﺎـﻌﻄﻗ
ﺪــﻧﺭﺍﺩ ﻱﮊﺮــﻧﺍ ﺏﺬــﺟ ﺭﺩ ﺍﺭ ﻢﻬــﺳ ﻦﻳﺮﺘــﺸﻴﺑ
، ﺍﺰــﺟﺍ ﻱ ﻲــﻗﺭﻭ
ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
؛ ،ﺮﭙﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻭ ﺮﻴﮕﻠﮔ ﻪﻈﻔﺤﻣ
ﺓﺭﺍﻮﻳﺩ ﺶﺗﺁ . ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺺﺨــﺸﻣ ﺪــﺷ
ﺯﻮﭙﻣﺎــﮐ ﺮﭙــﺳ ﺯﺍ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘــﺳﺍ ﻪــﮐ ﻪــﻳﺎﭘ ﺮــﺑ ﻲﺘﻳ
ﺖﻋﺮﺳ ﺭﺩ ﻲﻨﻤﻳﺍ ﻪﮐ ﻲﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﺕﺎﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﺯﺍ ﻲـﮑﻳ ﮎﺪﻧﺍ ﻱﺎﻫ
ﺎﻬﻧﺁ ﺖﺳﺍ ﻲﻣ ﻡﺎﺠﻧﺍ ، ﮔﻴ
ﺩﺮ .
ﻊﺟﺍﺮﻣ
1- Kirkpatrick, S. W. (2000). “Development and validation of high fidelity vehicle crash simulation models.”
SAE Tech. Paper Series, paper No.2000-01-0627.
2- Cheng, Z. Q., Thacker, J. G., Pilkey, W. D., Hollowell, W. T., Reagan, S. W. and Sieveka, E. M.
(2001). “Experiences in reverse-engineering of a Finite element automobile crash model.“ Finite Elem.
Analysis Des., Vol. 37, PP. 843-860.
3- Bathe, K. J. (2007). Finite Element Procedures. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
4- Pickett, A. K., Pyttel, T., Payen, F., Lauro, F., Petrinic, N., Werner, H. and Christlein, J. (2004). “Failure prediction for advanced crashworthiness of transportation vehicles.” Int. J. Impact Eng., Vol. 30, PP. 853-872.
5 - Sharpe, N., Vendrig, R. and Houtzager, K. (2004). “Improved design for frontal protection.” MADYMO, paper No.329.
6 - Fang, H., Rais-Rohani, M., Liu, Z. and Horsetemeyer, M. F. (2005). “A comparative study of metamodeling metod for multiobjective crashworthiness optimization.” Comput. Struct., Vol. 83, PP. 2121-21-36.
٥١٨
ﺮﺸﻧ ﻳ ﻨﻓ ﻩﺪﮑﺸﻧﺍﺩ ﻪ ﻲ
, ﻩﺭﻭﺩ ۴۳ , ﻩﺭﺎﻤﺷ ۴،
ﺭﻮﻳﺮﻬﺷ ﻩﺎﻣ ۱۳۸۸
7 - Zhang, X. Y., Jin, X. N., Qi, W. G. and Guo, Y. Z. (2007). “Vehicle crash accident reconstruction based on the analysis 3D deformation of the autobody.” Advances Eng. software, Vol. 39, No. 6, PP. 459-465.
8 - Huh, H. and Kang, W. J. (2002). “Crashworthiness assessment of thin-walled structures with the high- strength steel sheet.” Int. J. of Vehicle Des., Vol. 30, No.1/2, PP. 1-21
9 - Abramowicz, W. (2003). “Thin-Walled structures as impact energy absorbers.” Thin-Wall. Struct., Vol. 41, PP. 91-107.
10 - Karagiozova, D. and Jones, N. (2004). “Dynamic buckling of elastic–plastic square tubes—II: structural response under axial impact.” Int. J. Impact Eng., Vol. 30, PP. 167-192.
11 - Wei, Z. G., Yu, J. L. and Batra, R. C. (2005). “Dynamic buckling of thin cylindrical shells under axial impact.” Int. J. Impact Eng., Vol. 32, PP. 575-592.
12 - Hosseinzadeh, R., Shokrieh, M. M. and Lessard, L. B. (2005). “Parametric study of automotive composite bumper beams in low-velocity impacts.” Compos. Struct., Vol. 68, PP. 419-425.
13 - PAM-Crash solver-notes manual, ESI Company, 2000.
14 - Shariyat, M. (2007). Automotive body: Design and analysis. K.N. Tossi University of Technology.
ﻩﮊﺍﻭ ﺎﻫ ﻱ ﺴﻴﻠﮕﻧﺍ ﻲ ﻦﺘﻣ ﺭﺩ ﻩﺩﺎﻔﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ
1- Glass mat thermoplastic
