Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(1)

3

ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ -

يرﺎﺘﻓر

رد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا

ناﺮﯾا رد

ﯽﺋﺎﻗآ مﺎﻬﻟا

،

1

يﺪﺑﺎﻋ ﺪﻤﺣا ﺮﺘﮐد ﻪﻌﻠﻗﺎﭘ ﯽﻟﺎﻤﺟ ﻪﯿﻤﺳ ،2

3

Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavior Interventions in the Reduction of Test Anxiety in Iran

Elham Aghaie *, Ahmad Abedi ^a, Somaye Jamali Paghale ^b

هﺪﯿﮑﭼ

فﺪﻫ :

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ فﺪﻫ

-

رد نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر ناﺮﯾا

.

دﻮﺑ

شور : 23

درﻮـﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ

شور ﺮﻈﻧ زا لﻮﺒﻗ

هداد يروآدﺮـﮔ

.

ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

دﺮﺑرﺎـﮐ ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻫﺎﯿﺳ اﻮـﺘﺤﻣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ ـﺠﻧا

ﻪـﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺮـﻫ ﺮـﺛا هزاﺪـﻧا

.

ﺪـﺷ مﺎ

ﯽﺘـﺳد ترﻮـﺻ

.

ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ

ﺎﻫ :

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر

-

ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ

يﺎـﻫ

،نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا

66

/2 ) 001 /0

≤ .

دﻮـﺑ ﻻﺎـﺑ ،ﻦﻫﻮـﮐ لوﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ و

(p

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ يﺮﯿﮔ :

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ

-

باﺮﻄـﺿا ياﺮـﺑ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد ،يرﺎﺘﻓر

.

ﺖﺳا نﺎﺤﺘﻣا

هژاوﺪﯿﻠﮐ :

ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ نﺎﻣرد ؛ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ -

نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا ؛يرﺎﺘﻓر

:ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺖﻓﺎﯾرد] 29

/9 / 1389 :ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ؛ 22

/1 / 1390 [ Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the Current meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior treatments in reducing test anxiety. Method: Totally 23 studies with accepted methodology were selected and meta-analysis was done on them. The data were gathered using meta- analysis check list. The effect size of each study was calculated separately. Results: The study findings showed that the rate of effect size of cognitive-behavior treatment on reducing test anxiety was 2.66 (p≤0.001) which according to Cohen’s table was high. Conclusion:

Cognitive-behavior interventions are suitable treatments for test anxiety.

Keywords: meta-analysis; cognitive-behavior treatment;

test anxiety

[Received: 20 December 2010; Accepted: 11 April 2011]

_______________________________________

1

ﯽـــﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ

ﺧ ،نﺎﻬﻔـــﺻا .نﺎﻬﻔـــﺻا هﺎﮕـــﺸﻧاد ،ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎـــﺑ ﯽـــﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﺪـــﺷرا .نﺎﻬﻔـــﺻا هﺎﮕـــﺸﻧاد ،ﺐـــﯾﺮﺟراﺰﻫ نﺎـــﺑﺎﯿ

:رﺎـــﮕﻧرود 06423253407 (لﻮﺌـــﺴﻣ هﺪﻨـــﺴﯾﻮﻧ)

E-mail: [email protected]

2؛ ياﺮﺘﮐد

،ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور رﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

؛نﺎﻬﻔﺻا 3

ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ ،نﺎﻬﻔـﺻا هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد ،صﺎـﺧ يﺎـﻫزﺎﯿﻧ ﺎﺑ نﺎﮐدﻮﮐ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﺪﺷرا

ور هﺪﮑﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧا ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ

.

* Corresponding author: MA. in Clinical Psychology. Isfahan University, Hezar Jarib St., Isfahan, Iran, IR. Fax:+9864-23253407, E-mail:

[email protected]; ^a PhD. in Psychology, Assistant Prof. of Isfahan University; ^b MA. in Psychology of Children with Special Needs, University of Isfahan.

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 18, No. 1, Spring 2012, 3-12

،ناﺮﯾا ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور و ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫ لﺎﺳ

1 رﺎﻬﺑ ، 1391 ، 12 - 3

ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ

Meta- Analysis

Article

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(2)

تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ - يرﺎﺘﻓر رد ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا

4

لﺎﺳﻫﺠﻢﻫﺪرﺎﻤﺷ /ه 1 / رﺎﻬﺑ1391

Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ دﺮـﻓ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا مﺎﮕﻨﻫ ،ﯽﻧﺎﺠﯿﻫ ﺶﻨﮐاو زوﺮﺑ لﺎﻤﺘﺣا ﺪـﻨﮐ سﺎـﺴﺣا دﺮـﻓ ﺮـﮔا ،ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا زا ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺮﻫ رد .دراد دﻮﺟو ﺎـﯾ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ﮏﺷ دﻮﺧ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﯾ ،دراﺪﻧ ار مزﻻ ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ ﯽﻤﻧ ﺪﻨﮐ رﻮﺼﺗ ﯽﺘﺣ ،ﺪﯾﺎﻤﻧ ﻪﯾارا ار دﻮﺧ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﻋ رﺎـﺸﻓ و ﯽﺘﺣارﺎـﻧ سﺎﺴﺣا

ﻪـﺑ .ﺖـﺷاد ﺪـﻫاﻮﺧ ﯽﺒـﺼ ﺲـﮑﻋ

،

بﻮﺧ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و ﯽﮔدﺎﻣآ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻨﯿﻤﻃا

، ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ يدراﻮﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﺖـﺳا هاﺮـﻤﻫ يﺪـﻣآرﺎﮐدﻮﺧ سﺎـﺴﺣا و روﺮﻏ ،ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ دﺎﻤﺘﻋا ﻖﺣ ،يﻮﺳﻮﻣ) ﯽﻠﻋ ،سﺎﻨﺷ

،ﯽـﻤﺠﻧ و ﯽﻫﺎـﺷ 2008

باﺮﻄـﺿا .(

نﺎﺤﺘﻣا هرﺎـﺷا صﺎـﺧ ﯽﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ساﺮـﻫ ﺎـﯾ باﺮﻄﺿا ﯽﻋﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ

1

ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ هرﺎﺑرد ار دﺮﻓ ﻪﮐ دراد

ﯽـﻣ ﺪـﯾدﺮﺗ رﺎـﭼد ﺶﯾﺎـﻫ و ﺪـﻨﮐ

ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ رد ﻪﻠﺑﺎﻘﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نآ ﺪﻣﺎﯿﭘ و ﯽﺑﺎﯾزرا مﺰﻠﺘﺴﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺰﻧﻮـﺳﺮﭘ) ﺖـﺳا (نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا ﺖـﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ) ﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ،

2

2008 رد .(

DSM-IV

)

3

ناور ﻦﻤﺠﻧا ﺎـﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ

،

4

1994 (

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ ﺮﯾﺎﺳ و يﺪـﻨﺑ

ﺎـﮑﯾﺮﻣآ ﯽﮑـﺷﺰﭙﻧاور ﻦـﻤﺠﻧا يﺎـﻫ

، ﻪـﺑ رﻮـﻃ

ﻣآ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﺑ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﯽﻫﺎﮕـﺷزﻮ

ﯽـﻟو ،ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺸﻧ هرﺎـﺷا

5

ﻪــﺑ باﺮﻄــﺿا ،ﺖــﺳا ﻪــﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮــﻗ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ درﻮــﻣ هدﺮﺘــﺴﮔ رﻮــﻃ

ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا و ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺷزﻮﻣآ باﺮﻄﺿا ناﻮﺗ

ﻮﻟرﺎــﺳﺎﭘ) دﺮــﮐ طﺎﺒﻨﺘــﺳا ﺎــﻬﻧآ زا ار ﺰــﺘﻨﯿﻫ ،

6

نوا ،

7

ﻞــﺑﺎﮔ و

8

،

9

1999 ،ﻒﻌــﺿ ،ﺐــﻠﻗ نﺎﺑﺮــﺿ ناﺰــﯿﻣ و نﻮــﺧ رﺎــﺸﻓ رد ﺮــﯿﯿﻐﺗ .(

ﻪــﺑ ،هﺪــﻌﻣ ﯽﮕﺘﻔــﺷآ ،ﻪﺠﯿﮔﺮــﺳ ﻢــﻫ

و باﻮــﺧ تﺎﻋﺎــﺳ ندرﻮــﺧ

ﻦﯿﻟﺎـﻧردآ نﻮـﻣرﻮﻫ ﺢـﺷﺮﺗ و اﺬﻏ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻣ رد ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ،ﺶﻣارآ زا

10

ﻪﻧﺎﺸﻧ

نورﺎـﺑ) ﺖـﺳا نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا يﺎﻫ نﺮـﺑ و

11

،

12

1994 .(

ﯽـﻣ ار نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄـﺿا دﺎـﺠﯾا رد ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﮏـﯾ رد ناﻮـﺗ

ﻪﻘﺒﻃ تﺰﻋ) ﯽﺘﯿﺼﺨﺷ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺘﺳد ﻪﺳ ﻪﺑ ﯽﻠﮐ يﺪﻨﺑ ،ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﺲﻔﻧ

ا ،ﯽﻧوﺮﯿﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ،ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ يﺪـﻣآرﺎﮐدﻮﺧ ،ﯽﻣﻮـﻤﻋ باﺮﻄﺿ

ترﺎــﻬﻣ ﻪــﺘﺧﻮﻣآ ﯽﮔﺪــﻧﺎﻣرد و ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ يﺎــﻫ ،(هﺪــﺷ

سرد) ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺷزﻮﻣآ نﺎﺤﺘﻣا و ﺎﻫ

يﺎﺠﺑﺎﻧ يﺎﻫرﺎﻈﺘﻧا ،راﻮﺷد يﺎﻫ

ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ ،ﻢﻠﻌﻣ رﻮـﻧ ،نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا ﺐـﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ ﻂﯿـﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻧﺎـﻣز يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﮔداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ و (اﺪـﺻوﺮﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻢﺣاﺰﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ دﻮﺟو و ﺐﺳﺎﻨﻣﺎﻧ هﻮﯿﺷ) روﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ يﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﺑ تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ،ي

ﻪﯿﺒﻨﺗ ،ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﺪﺣزا

ﺶﻧزﺮــﺳ و ﻖﯾﻮــﺸﺗ و ندﺮــﮐ

يدﺎــﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﯿﻌــﺿو و ندﺮــﮑﻧ -

ﯽﻤـﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا) دﺮـﮐ ﻢﯿـﺴﻘﺗ (ﻦﯿﯾﺎﭘ ﯽﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ،نﺎـﯾرﺎﺠﻧ و

1999 ؛

،ترﺎﺸﺑ 2004 و نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد رد نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا عﻮﯿﺷ ناﺰﯿﻣ .(

ﺶــﻧاد ،ﯽــﻧاﺮﯾا نازﻮــﻣآ 20

- 10 و يﺮــﻤﺛ ،ﯽﯾاﺰﻠﮔﺮــﺳ) ﺪــﺻرد

،ﯽﻧﺎــﺨﯿﮐ 2003

و ( ناﺮـــﺴﭘ زا ﺶﯿــﺑ ناﺮـــﺘﺧد رد نآ ﻪــﺑﺮﺠﺗ

،ﯽﻤﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا) 2002

،يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫدﺮﮑﯾور .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ( ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

- يرﺎﺘﻓر ترﺎﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ و

13

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎﻫ و

14

نﺎﺤﺘﻣا

15

نداد

ﻪـﺑ نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄـﺿا نﺎﻣرد رد ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓر رﺎـﮐ

16

ﮏﺑ) ﺮﻣا ،

17

ي گﺮﺒﻨﯾﺮﮔ و

،

18

1996 ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ دﺮﮑﯾور رد .(

-

ﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﯽـﻣ ﮏﻤﮐ د

يﺎﻫرﻮـﺼﺗ و ﺎـﻫﺮﮑﻔﺗ دزﻮﻣﺎـﯿﺑ دﻮـﺷ

ﻪﺑ ار ﺪﻨﯾﺎﺷﻮﺧﺎﻧ يﺎﻫداﺪﺧر درﻮﻣ رد دﻮﺧ ﯽﺑﺎـﯾزرا ﯽـﻨﯿﻋ رﻮـﻃ

ﺪﻫاﻮـﺷ ﺎـﺑ ار ﺎـﻬﻧآ ،ﺮـﮕﯾد ﯽﻨﺨـﺳ ﻪﺑ .دراﺬﮕﺑ نﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ،هدﺮﮐ ﻒﯾﺮﺤﺗ ،ﺪﻧﺰﺑ ﮏﺤﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﻋ ،ﺪـﻨﮐ ﺢﯿﺤﺼﺗ ار دﻮﺧ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ يﺎﻫ

و ﺪﯾﺪﺟ ﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻧارﺎﮔزﺎﺳ

هﺪـﻨﯾآ و نﺎـﻬﺟ ،دﻮـﺧ هرﺎـﺑرد يﺮﺗ

ﻪــﺑ آ ﺖــﺳد حﺮــﻃ و درو هراو

ﺪــﻫد ﺶﻫﺎــﮐ ار ﺪــﻣآرﺎﮐﺎﻧ يﺎــﻫ

سﻮﻤﯿﺳ)

،

19

2005 ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ شور رد .(

ﻢﻈﻨـﻣ ﯽﯾادز ﺮـﺑ ﺎـﻨﺑ ،

20

ﯽﻃﺮﺷ ﻞﺻا ﺦﺳﺎﭘ اﺪﺘﺑا ،ﯽﻠﺑﺎﻘﺗ يزﺎﺳ

ﺮﯾﺎﻐﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ ﻪﮐ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ،ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

ﯽـﻣ ﻪﺘـﺳاﻮﺧ دﺮـﻓ زا ﺲﭙﺳ .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ رد دﻮـﺷ

ﺖﯿﻌﻗﻮﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﻦﯾا ،از

زوﺮـﺑ دﻮـﺧ زا ار ﺮﯾﺎﻐﻣ يﺎﻫ

،ﻒﯿﺳ) ﺪﻫد 1998

ترﺎـﻬﻣ شزﻮﻣآ .(

يﺎـﻨﻌﻣ رد ،ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﻠﮐ شور زا يا

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﻔﮔ ﯽﯾﺎﻫﺮﻨﻫ و نﻮﻨﻓ ،ﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ

ﯽـﻣ يﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻫدزﺎـﺑ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ ،يﺮﺠـﺷ) ﺪـﻣﺎﺠﻧا

2000 نﺎـﻣرد .(

ﯽﻘﻄﻨﻣ - ﯽﻧﺎﺠﯿﻫ ﻪﺑ

21

ﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﯾﺮﻈﻧ ﮏﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ آ

يﺎﻫﺪـﻨﯾ

ﻢـﻬﻣ ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ زا ار ﺎـﻬﻧآ و دراد هرﺎـﺷا دﺮﻓ ﯽﻧورد ﻦﯿـﯿﻌﺗ

هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ

ﯽﻣ ﺖﯿﺼﺨﺷ دﺮﮐرﺎﮐ هﺎـﺗﻮﮐ يدﺮﮑﯾور نﺎﻣرد ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧاد

تﺪـﻣ

ﺎـﺗ ﮏﯾ رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا 10

رﺎـﻤﯿﺑ ﻪـﺑ ار ﯽﻔﻃﺎـﻋ تﻼﮑـﺸﻣ ﻪـﺴﻠﺟ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﮔﺪﻧز ﯽﻘﻄﻨﻣ ﻪﻔﺴﻠﻓ ﻦﯾﺮﻤﺗ و ﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ﺶﯾﻻﺎﭘ ياﺮﺑ ،هﺪﻧﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﯽــﻣ يرﺎــﯾ رﺎــﻤﯿﺑ ﺎﮑــﺴﭼوﺮﭘ) ﺪﻧﺎــﺳر

سﺎــﮐرﻮﻧ و

22

،

23

2008 .(

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ،ﯽﻌﯿﺑر) يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ يﺎﻫ 2001

يدﻮﻤﺤﻣ ؛ ،ﯽـﺘﻨﺟ ،ﯽﻤﻟﺎﻋ

يرﺪـــﯿﺣ ،ﯽﻓوﺮـــﺷ ﯽـــﺟﺮﮔ

و ي ﺮـــﻔﻌﺟ ،

2002 ،دﺮﮕﻧﺎـــﺑﺎﯿﺑ ؛

2003

1

؛ ﯽﺑاﺮﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻤﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا نﺎـﯾرﺎﺠﻧ ،هداز

،ﻦﮐﺮﮑـﺷ و 2004

؛

يﺪــﯿﺣو ،ﻖــﻠﻄﻣ 2005 ﻢــﺷﺎﻫ ،يﺮــﯿﻣا ؛ ،نﺎﯾﺪــﻤﺤﻣﺎﻗآ و يدﺎــﺑآ

2005 ﯽــﺑاﺮﺤﻣ ،ﯽﻤــﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا ؛ هداز

،جﺎــﺗرد و ﯽﺛﺮﻣﺎــﯿﮐ ،ﺪــﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ

2006 نﺎﯿﻤﻇﺎﮐ ؛ ﯽـﺑاﺮﺤﻣ ،مﺪﻘﻣ

هداز ﺪـﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ ،ﯽﻧادﻮـﺳ و 2008

؛

_______________________________________

1- test anxiety 2- Persones

3- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4^thed.) 4- American Psychiatric Association

5- school anxiety 6- Passarello

7- Hintze 8- Owen

9- Gable 10- Adrenaline

11- Baron 12- Byrne

13- cognitive-behavioral 14- study-skills training 15- test-taking training 16- Beck

17- Emery 18- Greenberg

19- Simos

20- systematic desensitization

21- rational emotive therapy 22- Prochska 23- Norkras

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(3)

ﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﺋﺎﻗآ مﺎﻬﻟا نارﺎ

5

لﺎﺳﻢﻫﺪﺠﻫرﺎﻤﺷ /ه 1 / رﺎﻬﺑ1391 Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

غاﺮﭼ ،ﻢﺸﭼ 2008 ﻪﺑ ؛ ،يدﻻﻮـﻓ و يرﺎﺒﻏ ،ترﺎﺸﺑ ،هوﮋﭘ 2009

؛

ﯽﺑاﺮﺤﻣ و ﯽﻧادﻮﺳ ،نﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا هداز

،ﺪﻨﻣﺮﻨﻫ 2009 ﯽﯾﺎﻄﻋ ؛ ،ﯽـﻌﺨﻧ

ﻢﺷﺎﻫ يﺮﺒﻨﻗ

سرﺪـﻣ و يدﺎـﺑآ ،يوﺮـﻏ

2010 ،شوﺮـﺳ ؛ 2010

(

ﺮﺛا ﯽﺸﺨﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ -

باﺮﻄـﺿا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺮـﺑ ار يرﺎﺘﻓر

ﻫﺎﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ رد .ﺪﻧدﺮﮐ شراﺰﮔ نﺎﺤﺘﻣا ) هﺪﻨ

2010 دﺮﮕﻧﺎـﺑﺎﯿﺑ و (

) 2002 ﺮــﺛا هزاﺪــﻧا ( )

1

(

ES

نﺎــﻣرد ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ يﺎــﻫ -

ﺮــﺑ يرﺎــﺘﻓر

ﻦﻫﻮﮐ لوﺪﺟ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ،نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ زا ﺮﺘﻤﮐ ،

2

ﻦﺟرا .ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ )

3

2003 ﯽﻠﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ رد ( ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ

4

ﺶﻫﺎــﮐ ﺮــﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪــﻣ ﻂــﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺪــﺣ رد ار نﺎــﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄــﺿا

) 65 /0 يرﺎــــﺘﻓر ؛دﺮــــﮐ شراﺰـــﮔ ( 80

/0

، ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨــــﺷ 63

/0 و

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ - يرﺎــﺘﻓر 36 /0 ﺲﯾﺮــﻫ) يﺮــﮕﯾد ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ رد . و

5

ﮓﻨﯿﻨﻣ ،

6

1987 باﺮﻄـﺿا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ﺮـﺑ تﻼﺧاﺪـﻣ ﺮﯿﺛﺄـﺗ ناﺰﯿﻣ (

نﺎــﺤﺘﻣا ) ﻻﺎــﺑ ،ﻦﻫﻮــﮐ لوﺪــﺟ ﺎــﺑ ﮓــﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ، 98

/0 نﺎــﯿﻣ زا و (

ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ ،تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ) ﺮﯿﺛﺄـﺗ ﻦﯾﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ ياراد ﻢﻈﻨﻣ ﯽﯾادز

87 /0 (

شور ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ رد .ﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

ﯽـﻫوﺮﮔ هروﺎـﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ ،يرﺎـﺘﻓر ،

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ -

نﺎــﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄــﺿا ﺶﻫﺎــﮐ رد يرﺎــﺘﻓر

ﻪﺟاﻮﺧ و ﯽﺨﯿﺷ ،ﯽﻋراز) ،هداز

2010

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ نﺎـﻣرد ﺮﯿﺛﺄـﺗ ( -

نﺎﻣرد ﺮﯾﺎﺳ زا ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر .دﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ

ﻢﻫﺎﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻧاﻮﺧ

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻪـﺑ طﻮـﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ ﯽﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ناﺰﯿﻣ ناور

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ باﺮﻄـﺿا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ رد

،نﺎــﺤﺘﻣا ﻪــﺑ ﺐــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪــﻨﯿﻣز ﻦــﯾا رد ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ ﮏــﯾ مﺎــﺠﻧا ﺮــﻈﻧ

ﯽﻣ رد ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ شور دﺮﺑرﺎـﮐ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ .ﺪﺳر

ﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﯽﭘ تﻼﺧاﺪـﻣ ﯽـﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻪـﮐ ﺖـﺳا ﺶﺳﺮﭘ ﻦﯾا ﻪﺑ ﯽﯾﻮﮔ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ - ﭼ رﻮﺸﮐ رد نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺮﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر ﻪ

رﺪﻗ

.ﺖﺳا شور يرﺎﻣآ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ

،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ

ﻪﻣﺎﻧ وﮋﭘ و ﺎﻫ ﺶﻫ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

رد ﻪـﮐ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ 10

ﻪﺘـﺷﺬﮔ لﺎـﺳ

، 89 - 1380

، ﻪـﻨﯿﻣز رد ﻪـﻠﺧاﺪﻣ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ - ناﺮـﯾا رد نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا يرﺎﺘﻓر

هﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا دﻮـﺑ

.

ﺖﺴﺟ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

نﺎـﯾﺎﭘ :زا ﺪـﻧدﻮﺑ ترﺎﺒﻋ ﻮﺟو ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ

ﯽـﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﮐ يﺎـﻫ

هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻧﺎﺨﺑﺎﺘﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﺎﺑ) يﺮﺘﮐد و ﺪﺷرا ﻪـﻠﺠﻣ ،(ﺎﻫ

يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻤﻠﻋ - ﻋ و ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هزﻮﺣ ﯽﺸﻫوﮋﭘ مﻮﻠ

ﻊﺑﺎـﻨﻣ ﮏـﻧﺎﺑ ،ﯽﺘﯿﺑﺮﺗ

هژاو .ناﺮـــﯾا دﺎﻨـــﺳا ﺰـــﮐﺮﻣ و ﯽﻫﺎﮕـــﺸﻧاد دﺎـــﻬﺟ ﯽﺗﺎـــﻋﻼﻃا ﺖﺴﺟ ﺰﯿﻧ ﻮﺟو

» نﺎﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿا

« و

» ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ نﺎﻣرد -

يرﺎـﺘﻓر

«

ﻞﮐ رد .دﻮﺑ 23

ﻪﮐ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ كﻼـﻣ يﺎـﻫ نورد ﯽـﺠﻨﮔ ار ،ﺪﻨﺘـﺷاد

؛ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ دراو 1

- ،ﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ عﻮــﺿﻮﻣ نﺎــﻣرد

يﺎــﻫ ﺎﯾ يرﺎﺘﻓر ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ - ا يرﺎﺘﻓر ؛ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄﺿ

2 - ﺐـــﺳﺎﻨﻣ ﻪـــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢـــﺠﺣ ؛ﺪـــﺷﺎﺑ

3 - زا مزﻻ ﻂﯾاﺮـــﺷ ﺮـــﻈﻧ

شور ﻪﯿﺿﺮﻓ) ﯽﺳﺎﻨﺷ شور و ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ شور ،ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ هزاﺪﻧا راﺰﺑا ،يﺮﯿﮔ شور ،ﺎـﻬﻧآ ﯽﯾﺎـﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽـﯾاور و يﺮـﯿﮔ

ﺖﺳرد و يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ

؛ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ار (يرﺎﻣآ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ندﻮﺑ

4 - ﯽــﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪــﺑ ﺮﮔ ترﻮــﺻ ﯽــﻫو

ﺎــﺠﻧا و يدرﻮــﻣ ،هﺪــﺷ م

ﮏﺗ ؛ﺪﺷﺎﺒﻧ ﯽﻧدﻮﻣزآ 5

- ،ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ

.ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

7

هداد يروآدﺮــﮔ ياﺮــﺑ ﻪﻫﺎﯿــﺳ ،ﺎــﻫ

زا) اﻮــﺘﺤﻣ ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗ ﺮــﻈﻧ

شور (ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ،ﺖﻓر رﺎﮐ ﻞﻣﺎﺷ

ﻦﯾا ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ ﻮﺑ ﺎﻫ ،ناﻮـﻨﻋ :د

ﯽﮔﮋﯾو يﺎﻫ ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ،ﺮﮕﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

اﺮـﺟا لﺎـﺳ

، ﻓ ﻪﯿـﺿﺮ ﺎـﻫ ا ، ﺎـﻫراﺰﺑ

،

و ﯽﯾاور ﯽﯾﺎﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ،

يرﺎـﻣآ ﻪـﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺢﻄـﺳ و ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻢـﺠﺣ ،

يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻫﻮﮐ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻪﯾﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ تﺎﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ .لﻮﺒﻗ درﻮﻣ

،ﯽﻔﯾﺮﺷ و ﯽﻔﯾﺮﺷﺎﭘ) ﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا 2006

ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ شور ﻦﯾا رد ؛(

و عاﺰـﺘﻧا ،بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا ،ﯽﯾﺎـﺳﺎﻨﺷ :زا ﺖﺳا ترﺎﺒﻋ ﯽﻠﺻا مﺎﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ ﻪﺑ ،ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺮﻫ ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا .ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﯽﺘﺳد ترﻮﺻ

ـــﻔﺗ ،ﺮـــﺛا هزاﺪـــﻧا .ﺪـــﺷ رﺎـــﯿﻌﻣ توﺎ

ﻪﺒـــﺳﺎﺤﻣ نﺎـــﯿﻣ هﺪـــﺷ

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﻢﯾﺮﮔ) ﺖﺳا لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﺪـﻟﻮﻧرﺎﯾ و

8

،

9

1995 هﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺪﯾﺎﺑ نآ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ياﺮﺑ و ( يﺎﻫ

كﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو ﺮﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﮐ و ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ

10

هﺮـﻤﻧ ﻞـﮐ ﺎـﻫ

.دﻮﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

ﻪـﺑ كﺮﺘـﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎـﯾراو و ﺮـﺛا هزاﺪﻧا

لﻮـﻣﺮﻓ ﺎـﺑ ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ يﺎـﻫ

Es=XE-XC/Sp

و

(NE+NC-2)

/

SP²=SE²(NE-1)+SC²(NC-1)

.ﺪﺷ ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﻫ ﯽـــﮔﮋﯾو ﻪـــﺘﻓﺎﯾ و ﯽﻔﯿـــﺻﻮﺗ يﺎـــﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋـــﭘ يﺎـــﻫ

يﺎـــﻫ

ﺖﮐﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ رد ﺐﯿﺗﺮﺗ

لوﺪﺟ يﺎﻫ 1 و

ﻪﯾارا

2

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﯽﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ؛ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﯽـﻟو ،هﺪـﺷ در ﺮﻔـﺻ ﻪﯿـﺿﺮﻓ ،ﺎﻫ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﮏﯾ ﺮﻫ رد ﺮﻔﺻ ضﺮﻓ در ﯽﯾﺎﻧاﻮﺗ توﺎـﻔﺘﻣ ﺎﻫ

،دﻮـﺑ

ﻪﭼﺮﮔا ﯽﻣ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ مﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺮﻔﺻ ضﺮﻓ ﺖﻔﮔ ناﻮﺗ ﺖـﺳد ﺎﻫ

ﻢـﮐ

ﺢﻄﺳ رد 001 /0 .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ در مﺎﻏدا ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو

هﺪﺷ (كﺮﺘـﺸﻣ)

ﺮﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا ﮏﯾ

نآ ﺮـﺛا هزاﺪـﻧا و ﺎﻫ رد ﺎـﻫ

لوﺪـﺟ

هﺪـﻣآ

3

1

.ﺖﺳا

_______________________________________

1- effect size 2- Cohen

3- Ergen 4- meta-analysis

5- Haris 6- Manning

7- experimental 8- Grim

9- Yarnold 10- pooled variance

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(4)

6

Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

(5)

7

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(6)

8

Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

(7)

9

لوﺪﺟ 2 ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ- ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﺖﮐﺮﺷ يﺎﻫ

ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ رد هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺶﯾﺎﻣزآ

لﺮﺘﻨﮐ نﻮﻣزآ هرﺎﻣآ

ﺢﻄﺳ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ

فاﺮﺤﻧا) ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ (رﺎﯿﻌﻣ

1 9

) 96 /4 ( 85

/0 ) 57 /3 ( -

001

/0001 - ( /357 ) /085 ( /492 )15/42 2

/0001 - ( /357 ) /085 ( /431 )12/57 3

/0001 ^t= /835 ( /235)1 3/ ( /436 ) /886 4

/0/005 - ( /715 ) /368 ( /393 )28/47 5

6 52

/ 23 ) 14 /6 ( 68

/3 ) 15 /7 ( -

05

/005 - ( /715 ) /368 ( /653)18/83 7

/0001 - ( /594 )68 ( /765 )44/12 8

/0001 - ( /594 )68 ( /909 )44/94 9

/0001 - ( /244 )47 ( /352 )318/ 10

/0001 - ( /244 )47 ( /244 )32/13 11

/0003 - ( /477 )46/37 (15/47 )25/66 12

/0001 - ( /477 )46/37 ( /923 )262/ 13

/0001 - ( /323 )52/08 ( /334 )35/42 14

/0001 - ( /323 )52/08 ( /720 )41/58 15

/00001 ^F=368/33 ( /338 )72/48 ( /739 )33/24 16

/0/0001 ^t=15^/4 ( /476 )18/57 ( /758 )12/21 17 18 05

/ 10 ) 94 /1 ( 44

21/ ) 44 4/ ( 08

/ 69 01 F=

/0 ^F=47/68 (21^/50 )33^/100 (21/48 )55^/95 19

0001

/0/0001 ^F=64/64 (14^/25 )35 (9^/07 )28^/50 20

21 5/

10 ) 541 /2 ( 58

/ 15 ) 370 /3 ( 294

/ 10 001 t=

/0001 ^F=101/405 (6^/1 )57/07 (5^/9 )48^/5 22

/0/002 ^F= /4824 (15/64 )38/52 (12/80 )32/01 23

لوﺪﺟ

3 - ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد ﯽﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ ﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ لﺎﻤﻋا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا ﻈﻧ درﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺮ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ كﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﺲﻧﺎﯾراو

ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا دﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ Z

ا ير

1 33

/4 88

/1 090

/3 001

/0001 /3090 /339 /429 2

/0001 /3090 /109 10/68 3

/0001 /3090 /216 /350 4

/0/005 /1645 /434 /571 5

6 64

/6 98

/2 645

/1 05

/005 /1645 /039 38/62 7

/0001 /3090 /349 /684 8

/0001 /3090 /274 /767 9

/0001 /3090 /503 /302 10

/0001 /3090 /611 /243 11

/0003 /1881 /181 11/44 12

/0001 /3090 /274 /734 13

/0001 /3090 /608 /245 14

/0001 /3090 /188 /557 15

/00001 /3719 /683 /574 16

/0/0001 /3090 /098 /656 17

18 37

/3 37

/3 326

/2 01

/0 /3719 /206 21/48 19

0001

/0/0001 /3090 /119 /542 20

21 98

/2 7/

1 090

/3 001

/0001 /3090 /142 6 22

/0/002 /2054 /045 14/29 23

ﻦﯿﮕﻧﺎﯿﻣ 66

/2 -

001

/0

(8)

10

Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

ﺚﺤﺑ ﮏﯾ ﺎﺑ ﻞﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ ﻪﭼرﺎﭘ

ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ ندﺮـﮐ

ﻪـﺑ يﺎـﻫ ﺖـﺳد زا هﺪـﻣآ

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻊﻣﺎﺟ هﺎﮔﺪﯾد ،نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻐﺘﻣ ﺮﺛا ناﺰﯿﻣ زا يﺮﺗ

ﻪﺑ ﯽﻣ ﺖﺳد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ندادراﺮﻗ ﻢﻫ رﺎﻨﮐ رد ﺎﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ .ﺪﻫد يﺎﻫ

ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا هﺪﻣآ درﻮـﻣ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ داﺮـﻓا ،نﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ

اﺮﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﯽﻣ ر

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯿﻨﭼ .ﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﻌﻣاﻮﺟ رد ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﻢـﻬﻣ ،ﺪـﻧراد يﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ ﻪـﮐ ،ﺎـﻣ ﻦـﯾا اﺮـﯾز ،ﺖـﺳا ﺮـﺗ

توﺎﻔﺗ ،ﯽﻧﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ دراد هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

.

ﻪـــﺑ ﻪـــﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖـــﺳد

داد نﺎـــﺸﻧ ﺮـــﺿﺎﺣ ﻞـــﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ زا هﺪـــﻣآ

ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ يرﺎﺘﻓر يﺎﻫ -

نﺎـﺤﺘﻣا باﺮﻄـﺿا ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ ياﺮﺑ ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ ،ناﺮﯾا رد دراد ﯽﯾﻻﺎـﺑ رﺎﯿـﺴﺑ ﺮﯿﺛﺄـﺗ ،ﻦﻫﻮـﮐ لوﺪﺟ ﺎ

) 66 /2

ES=

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺮـﺑ يﺪـﯿﯾﺄﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦﯾا .(

ﻦﯿـﺸﯿﭘ يﺎـﻫ

،ﯽﻌﯿﺑر) 2001 ؛ يدﻮﻤﺤﻣ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤﻟﺎﻋ 2002

؛ ،دﺮﮕﻧﺎـﺑﺎﯿﺑ

2003 ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا ؛ 2004

يﺪـﯿﺣو ؛ ،ﻖـﻠﻄﻣ

2005 ؛

،نارﺎــﮑﻤﻫ و يﺮــﯿﻣا 2005

،نارﺎــﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽﻤــﺳﺎﻘﻟاﻮﺑا ؛ 2006

؛

نﺎﯿﻤﻇﺎﮐ ،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و مﺪﻘﻣ 2008

غاﺮﭼ ؛ ،ﻢﺸﭼ 2008 ﻪﺑ ؛ و هوﮋﭘ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2009

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و نﺎﯾدﺎﺘﺳا ؛ 2009

ﯽﯾﺎﻄﻋ ؛ و ﯽـﻌﺨﻧ

،نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ 2010

،شوﺮﺳ ؛ 2010

،نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و ﯽـﻋراز ؛ 2010

(

ﻢﻫﺎﻧ ﯽﻟو

ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﺎـﺑ ناﻮـﺧ ) هﺪﻨﻫﺎـﺷ يﺎـﻫ

2010 و ( دﺮﮕﻧﺎـﺑﺎﯿﺑ

) 2003 ﺖﺳا ( ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ زا . ،ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ،ﯽﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ

ﻫ ) ﮓـــﻨﯿﻨﻣ و ﺲﯾﺮـــﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋـــﭘ ﻪـــﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎـــﺑ ﮓـــﻨﻫﺎﻤ 1987

و (

) ﻦﺟرا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺎﺑ ﮓﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫﺎﻧ 2003

.ﺖﺳا (

ﻪﺑ ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا ناﺰﯿﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳد

ﯽـﻣ هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﻔﮔ ناﻮـﺗ

ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ تﻼﺧاﺪﻣ -

ﺶـﻧاد ﻪـﺑ ﮏـﻤﮐ ياﺮﺑ يرﺎﺘﻓر و نازﻮـﻣآ

.دﻮﺑ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺪﯿﻔﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﯽﻧاﺮﯾا نﺎﯾﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

نﺎﯿﻣ زا 23 مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ا رد هﺪـﺷ

ناﺰـﯿﻣ ﻦﯾﺮﺘـﺸﯿﺑ ،ناﺮـﯾ

) ﺮﺛا هزاﺪﻧا 8/

6 نﺎﯿﻤﻇﺎﮐ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺑ ( ) نارﺎـﮑﻤﻫ و مﺪﻘﻣ

2008 (

ﺖﯿـﺳﺎﺴﺣ شور ﻪﮐ ،دﻮﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ

ﻪـﺑ ار ﻢﻈﻨـﻣ ﯽـﯾادز هدﺮـﺑ رﺎـﮐ

) ﮓــﻨﯿﻨﻣ و ﺲﯾﺮــﻫ ﻞــﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﻦــﯾا .ﺪــﻧدﻮﺑ 1987

ﺰــﯿﻧ (

ﺖﯿــﺳﺎﺴﺣ شور رد .ﺖــﺳا ﮓــﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫ فﺪــﻫ ﺎــﺑ ،ﻢﻈﻨــﻣ ﯽــﯾادز

ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ندادراﺮﻗ ﺖﺴﯾز يﺎﻫ

و ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺶﻨﺗ و باﺮﻄﺿا ،ﯽﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ .ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

ﻪـﮐ ،رﻮـﺸﮐ رد ﻢﻈﻨـﻣ و ﻢﺠﺴﻨﻣ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﮏﻧﺎﺑ ﮏﯾ دﻮﺒﻧ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑ ﯽﺑﺎﯿﺘﺳد ﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻊﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﯾﺎﭘ و ﺎﻫ

ﻪـﻣﺎﻧ رد نﻮﮔﺎـﻧﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻣ رﻮﺸﮐ ﺮﺳاﺮﺳ ﺖﯾدوﺪﺤﻣ زا ،دﻮﺷ

.دﻮـﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد دﻮﺷ

ﺮـﮕﯾد ﯽﻧﺎـﻣرد يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ،ﯽﺗآ يﺎﻫ

ﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺰﯿﻧ ،يﺮـﮕﯾد ﻞـﯿﻠﺤﺗاﺮﻓ رد ناﻮـﺘﺑ ﺎـﺗ ،دﺮـﯿﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﯽﺳرﺮ

ﻢﻫ .دﺮﮐ ﻪﺴﯾﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﮕﯾﺪﮑﯾ ﺎﺑ ار نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد يﺎﻫﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﯿﻨﭼ

ﯽﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﯿﭘ عﻮﺿﻮﻣ راﺮﮑﺗ دﻮﺷ

ﺖـﯿﻌﻤﺟ يور ﻪﺑﺎـﺸﻣ يﺎﻫ يﺎـﻫ

رد و ﻦﺘﺷاد ﺖﺳد رد ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ،دﺮﯿﮔ راﺮﻗ لﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳا درﻮﻣ ،نﻮﮔﺎﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ نداد راﺮﻗ ﻢﻫ رﺎﻨﮐ ،ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﮏﯾ زا يﺮﺘﺸﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﯾد ناﻮﺘﺑ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﺖﯿﻌﻗاو ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﻬﺑ .دروآ ﺖﺳد

،ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ لﻮﺌﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ رﺎﻬﻇا ﻪﺑ ﺎﻨﺑ ] و ﺶﻫوﮋـﭘ زا ﯽﻟﺎـﻣ ﺖـﯾﺎﻤﺣ

ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻊﻓﺎﻨﻣ ضرﺎﻌﺗ . [

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4^thed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Abolghasemi, A., & Najarian, B. (1999). Test anxiety:

Reasons, evaluation and treatment. Psychological Researche, 98, 82-84. (Persian)

Abolghasemi, A. (2002). Investigation of epidemiology of test anxiety and the effectiveness of two therapeutic methods on decreasing the test anxiety of high school students. Ph.D. thesis, psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. (Persian)

Abolghasemi, A., Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand, M., Najarian, B., & Shokrkon, H. (2004). The effectiveness of therapeutic methodology of stress inoculation training and systematic desensitization in test anxiety students.

Journal of Psychology, 29, 3-21. (Persian)

Abolghasemi, A., Asadi-Moghadam, A., Najjarian, B., &

Shokrkon, H. (1996). Construction and validation scale to measure test anxiety. Journal of Educational and Psychological Behavioral Sciences

,

3(3), 3-4. (Persian) Abolghasemi, A., Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand, M., Kiamarsi,

M., & Dortaj, F. (2006). Studying the efficacy of two cognitive and rational-emotive methods in decline test anxiety and improving education efficiency. Journal of Educational Thoughts, 1(2), 123-137. (Persian) Abolghasemi, A. (2003). Anxiety diagnosis, causes and

ways of coping based on research. Tehran: Nik-Amuz Pub. (Persian)

Amiri, B., Hashem-Abadi, B., & Agha-Mohamadian, H.

(2005).Comparing the effectiveness of behavioral- cognitive method, training study skills and incorporative method to decrease test anxiety. Studies in Education and Psychology, 6(2), 55-72. (Persian)

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(9)

11

Ataei-Nakhaei, A.,Ghanbari-Hashemabadi, H. B., &

Modarese- Gharavi, M. (2010). Comparison of Mindfulness- Based group therapy with study skills training on test anxiety and trait anxiety (2010). Comparing group therapy based on comprehensive consciousness together with training studying skills in decreasing test anxiety and qualification anxiety, Journal of Clinical Psychological, 1(4), 21-30. (Persian)

Baron, R. A., & Byrne, D. (1994). Social Psychology. New York: Ally & Bacon, Inc.

Beck, A. T., Emery, G., & Greenberg, R. L. (1996).

Cognitive therapy for evaluation-anxiety. In: G.

Lindmon (Ed.). Handbook of the anxiety disorder.

Northvale: Jason Arson.

Behpaju, A., Besharat, M., Ghobari, B., & fuladi, F. (2009).

Influence of teaching cognitive behavioral strategies on decline test anxiety of high school girl students. Journal of Psychology & Education, 39 (1), 21-23. (Persian) Besharat, M. (2004). Investigating the parents’ perfectionism

and students’ test anxiety relation. Journal of Psychology

& Education, 1(1), 19-34. (Persian)

Biabangard, E. (2003). Influence of Lazarus multimodal therapy and relaxation on test anxiety of students.

Andeeshe and raftar, 8(3), 36-42. (Persian)

Cattell, R. B. (1962). L’Echelle d’Anxiete de Cattell, Les Editions du. Paris: Centre Depsychologie Appliquee.

Cheraghchesh, A. (2008). Investigating the influence of psychic immunization on decreasing test anxiety of second grade boy students of Dezful secondary school.

Humanities Journal, 16(71), 109-130. (Persian).

Coopersmith, S. (1967). Self-esteem inventory. Sanfrancisco:

Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.

Ergen, T. (2003). Effective interventions of test anxiety reduction; A meta-analysis. School Psychology, 24(3), 313-328.

Grim, L. G. & Yarnold, P. R. (1995). Reading and understanding multivariate statistics. Washington, DC: American psychiatric Association.

Harris, M. M. (1987). Meta-analysis of test anxiety among college students. Ph.D. thesis, graduate school, Ohio state university, USA, Ohio.

Hoseini, S., Zahrakar, K., & Amini, N. (2009). Investigating the effectiveness of stress on decreasing test anxiety.

Journal of Azad University of Bojnourd Educational, 20, 40-51. (Persian)

Kazemian-Moghadam, K., Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand, M.,

& Sudani, M. (2008). Investigating the effectiveness of systematic desensitization on test anxiety and academic performance by controlling the order of birth in third grade girl students of secondary school of Behbahan city. Journal of New Thoughts on Education, 4(3), 55- 78. (Persian)

Mahmudi Alemi, G., Jannati, Y., Shorufi, S. A., Heidari Gorji. M. A, & Jafari, H. (2002). Investigating the effectiveness of assertive training on the amount of educational anxiety of students. Journal of Medical Sciences of Mazandaran University, 12(37), 39-45.

(Persian )

Mosavi, M., Hagh-Shenas, H., Alishahi, M. J., & Najmi, B.

(2008). Anxiety and personal factors-related to the social in high school students in Shiraz. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 6(1), 17-25.

Ostadian, M., Sudani, M., & Mehrabizadeh-Honarmand, M. (2009). Influence of group consultation of Elise rational-emotional-behavioral method on test anxiety and self-esteem of third guidance grade girl students of Behbahan city. Journal of Shiraz University Education Studies and Learning, 52(2), 1-18. (Persian) Passarello, D. J., Hintze, J. M., Owen, S. V., & Gable, R.

K. (1999). Exploratory factor analysis of parent rating of child and adolescent anxiety. Psychology in School, 36(2), 82-98.

Persones, T. (2008). Test anxiety in high achieving students:

A mixed-methods study. University of Alberta.

Phillips, B. N. (1978). School stress and anxiety, theory research and intervention. New York: Human Science Press.

Prochaska, J., & Norkras, J. (2008). Psychiatric theories (translated by Y. Seyed-Mohammadi). Tehran: Roshd Pub. (Persian)

Pashasharifi, H., & Sharifi, N. (2006). Research methods in behavioral sciences. Tehran: Sokhan Pub.

(Persian)

Rabie, M. (2001). Investigating the effectiveness of individual and group consultation with cognitive, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral on decreasing test anxiety of first grade boy students of Broujen high school. MA thesis, Consultation, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran. (Persian) Sarason, S. B., Davidson, K. S., Lighthall, F. F. & Walter,

R. R. (1960). Anxiety in school children: A report of research. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Downloaded from ijpcp.iums.ac.ir at 8:42 CEST on Wednesday October 8th 2014

(10)

12

Vol. 18 / No. 1 / Spring 2012

Sargolzaee, M., Samari, A., & Keikhani, A. (2003).

cognitive-Behavioral approach and Neuro Linguistic programming for the control of test anxiety.

Fundamental of Mental Health, 5(17&18), 34-47.

(Persian)

Shajari, F. (2000). Creative learning, Tehran: Iran Anjoman Ghalam Pub. (Persian)

Seif, A. (1998). Change of behavior and behavior therapy (3^th. Ed.). Tehran: Douran publication. (Persian) Shahande, M. (2010). The effect of Elise rational-emotional

therapy on decline of test anxiety. Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 108, 310-315. (Persian)

Simos G. (2005). Cognitive behavioral therapy, (translated by A. Jalali, A. Ruhani, & M. Puramini). Tehran: Padra Pub. (Persian)

Sorush, M. (2010). Effectiveness of group training of stress inoculation training on the amount of test anxiety,attributioal style and verbal aggression of juveniles girls in Isfahan.

MA thesis, general psychology, Isfahan University, Iran.

(Persian)

Speilberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L & Lushene, R. D. (1970).

Test manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologist Press.

Speilberger, C. D. (1980). Test anxiety inventory, preliminary professional manual. palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.

Speilberger, C. D., & Vagg, P. R. (1995). Test anxiety:

Theory, assessment, and treatment. Washington, DC:

Taylor & Francis.

Vahidi-Motlagh, M. V. (2005). Influence of behavioral- cognitive and religion-cognitive behavioral training on decreasing the anxiety of first grade girl students of Tehran high schools. MA thesis, clinical psychology, Isfahan University, Iran. (Persian)

Zarei, E., Shaikhi, A., & Khajezadeh, H. (2010). A comparison of effect group counseling methods, behavioural, cognitive and cognitive-behavioral to reduce students test anxiety in the University of Hormozgan. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 2256-2261.